研究者詳細 - 豊國　伸哉

論文 - 豊國　伸哉

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鉄過剰症による発がんの分子機構　特集：鉄代謝制御機構と鉄過剰症

豊國伸哉

病理と臨床 70 巻頁： 337 - 242 2015年

Minimal inflammogenicity of pristine single-wall carbon nanotubes 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Toyokuni S

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 77 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 195 - 202 2015年

Genome-wide profiling of 8-oxoguanine reveals its association with spatial positioning in nucleus. 査読有り国際誌

Yoshihara M, Jiang L, Akatsuka S, Suyama M, Toyokuni S

DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes 21 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 603 - 12 2014年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：DNA Research

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most common DNA lesions generated by reactive oxygen species. In this study, we analysed the genome-wide distribution profile of 8-oxoG by combining immunoprecipitation by antibodies specific for the DNA fragments containing 8-oxoG with a microarray that covers rat genome. Genome-wide mapping of 8-oxoG in normal rat kidney revealed that 8-oxoG is preferentially located at gene deserts. We did not observe differences in 8-oxoG levels between groups of genes with high and low expression, possibly because of the generally low 8-oxoG levels in genic regions compared with gene deserts. The distribution of 8-oxoG and lamina-associated domains (LADs) were strongly correlated, suggesting that the spatial location of genomic DNA in the nucleus determines the susceptibility to oxidative modifications. One possible explanation for high 8-oxoG levels in LADs is that the nuclear periphery is more susceptible to the oxidative damage caused by the extra-nuclear factors. Moreover, LADs have a rather compact conformation, which may limit the recruitment of repair components to the modified bases.

DOI： 10.1093/dnares/dsu023

Plasma Medical Science for Cancer Therapy: Toward Cancer Therapy Using Nonthermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma 査読有り国際誌

Tanaka, H; Mizuno, M; Ishikawa, K; Takeda, K; Nakamura, K; Utsumi, F; Kajiyama, H; Kano, H; Okazaki, Y; Toyokuni, S; Maruyama, S; Kikkawa, F; Hori, M

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE 42 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 3760 - 3764 2014年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

We have been developing novel ultrahigh density atmospheric pressure plasma sources and succeeded in the selective killing ovarian cancer cells against normal ones. Furthermore, we have found out the plasma-activated medium (PAM) also killed glioblastoma brain tumor cells selectively against normal ones and the chemical products in the PAM have long lifetime healing effects. To clarify the mechanism, interactions of plasma with the organism and the medium where the organism belongs were investigated on the viewpoint of intracellular molecular mechanism.

DOI： 10.1109/TPS.2014.2353659

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Direct exposure of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma confers simultaneous oxidative and ultraviolet modifications in biomolecules. 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Okazaki Y, Wang Y, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Nakamura K, Kajiyama H, Kano H, Uchida K, Kikkawa F, Hori M, Toyokuni S

Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition 55 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 207 - 15 2014年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人　日本酸化ストレス学会

Thermal plasmas and lasers are used in medicine to cut and ablate tissues and for coagulation. Non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP) is a recently developed, non-thermal technique with possible biomedical applications. Although NEAPP reportedly generates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, electrons, positive ions, and ultraviolet radiation, little research has been done into the use of this technique for conventional free radical biology. Recently, we developed a NEAPP device with high electron density. Electron spin resonance spin-trapping revealed .OH as a major product. To obtain evidence of NEAPP-induced oxidative modifications in biomolecules and standardize them, we evaluated lipid peroxidation and DNA modifications in various in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Conjugated dienes increased after exposure to linoleic and α-linolenic acids. An increase in 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was also observed after exposure to phosphatidylcholine, liposomes or liver homogenate. Direct exposure to rat liver in saline produced immunohistochemical evidence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal- and acrolein-modified proteins. Exposure to plasmid DNA induced dose-dependent single/double strand breaks and increased the amounts of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. These results indicate that oxidative biomolecular damage by NEAPP is dose-dependent and thus can be controlled in a site-specific manner. Simultaneous oxidative and UV-specific DNA damage may be useful in cancer treatment.

DOI： 10.3164/jcbn.14-40

Histological detection of catalytic ferrous iron with the selective turn-on fluorescent probe RhoNox-1 in a Fenton reaction-based rat renal carcinogenesis model. 査読有り国際誌

Mukaide T, Hattori Y, Misawa N, Funahashi S, Jiang L, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H, Toyokuni S

Free radical research 48 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 990 - 5 2014年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Free Radical Research

Iron overload of a chronic nature has been associated with a wide variety of human diseases, including infection, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. Recently, a highly specific turn-on fluorescent probe (RhoNox-1) specific to labile ferrous iron [Fe(II)], but not to labile ferric iron [Fe(III)], was developed. The evaluation of Fe(II) is more important than Fe(III) in vivo in that Fe(II) is an initiating component of the Fenton reaction. In this study, we applied this probe to frozen sections of an established Fenton reaction-based rat renal carcinogenesis model with an iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), in which catalytic iron induces the Fenton reaction specifically in the renal proximal tubules, presumably after iron reduction. Notably, this probe reacted with Fe(II) but with neither Fe(II)-NTA, Fe(III) nor Fe(III)-NTA in vitro. Prominent red fluorescent color was explicitly observed in and around the lumina of renal proximal tubules 1 h after an intraperitoneal injection of 10-35 mg iron/kg Fe-NTA, which was dose-dependent, according to semiquantitative analysis. The RhoNox-1 signal colocalized with the generation of hydroxyl radicals, as detected by hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF). The results demonstrate the transformation of Fe(III)-NTA to Fe(II) in vivo in the Fe-NTA-induced renal carcinogenesis model. Therefore, this probe would be useful for localizing catalytic Fe(II) in studies using tissues. © 2014 Informa UK, Ltd.

DOI： 10.3109/10715762.2014.898844

FREE FERROUS IRON IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AS A PREDICTIVE MARKER OF FETAL DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY 査読有り国際誌

Hattori, Y; Kotani, T; Nakano, T; Mano, Y; Sumigama, S; Tsuda, H; Usida, T; Nagasawa, H; Toyokuni, S; Kikkawa, F

PLACENTA 35 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： A71 - A71 2014年9月

Connective tissue growth factor and β-catenin constitute an autocrine loop for activation in rat sarcomatoid mesothelioma. 査読有り国際誌

Jiang L, Yamashita Y, Chew SH, AKatsuka S, Ukai S, Wang S, Nagai H, Okazaki Y, Takahashi T, Toyokuni S

J Pathol 233 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 402 - 414 2014年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Pathology

Due to the formerly widespread use of asbestos, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is increasingly frequent worldwide. MM is classified into epithelioid (EM), sarcomatoid (SM), and biphasic subtypes. SM is less common than EM but is recognized as the most aggressive type of MM, and these patients have a poor prognosis. To identify genes responsible for the aggressiveness of SM, we induced EM and SM in rats, using asbestos, and compared their transcriptomes. Based on the results, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), whose expression was significantly increased in SM compared with EM; EM itself exhibited an increased expression of Ctgf compared with normal mesothelium. Particularly in SM, Ctgf was a major regulator of MM proliferation and invasion through activation of the β-catenin-TCF-LEF signalling pathway, which is autocrine and formed a positive feedback loop via LRP6 as a receptor for secreted Ctgf. High Ctgf expression also played a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MM. Furthermore, Ctgf is a novel serum biomarker for both early diagnosis and determining the MM prognosis in rats. These data link Ctgf to SM through the LRP6-GSK3β-β-catenin-TCF-Ctgf autocrine axis and suggest Ctgf as a therapeutic target. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/path.4377

Expression of chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma via TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway regulation. 査読有り国際誌

Shinjo K, Yamashita Y, Yamamoto E, Akatsuka S, Uno N, Kamiya A, Niimi K, Sakaguchi Y, Nagasaka T, Takahashi T, Shibata K, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Toyokuni S

International journal of cancer 135 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 308 - 18 2014年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：International Journal of Cancer

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary (OCCA), in particular, has a relatively poor prognosis among the ovarian cancer subtypes because of its high chemoresistance. Chromobox (CBX) 7 is a polycomb repressive complex 1 component that prolongs the lifespan of normal human cells by downregulating the INK4a/ARF expression which promotes cell-cycle progression. However, recent reports studying the relationship between CBX7 expression and patient survival have differed regarding the tumor cell origins, and the precise role of CBX7 in human carcinomas remains obscure. In this study, we analyzed CBX7 expression by immunohistochemistry in 81 OCCA patients and evaluated its association with their clinical outcomes. Both the overall and progression-free survival rates of the CBX7-positive patients were significantly shorter than those of the CBX7-negative patients (p < 0.05). CBX7 knockdown experiments using two OCCA cell lines, TOV21G and KOC-7C, revealed that cell viability was significantly reduced compared to the control cells (p < 0.001). Expression microarray analysis revealed that apoptosis-related genes, particularly tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), were significantly upregulated in CBX7 knockdown cells (p < 0.01). We further confirmed that CBX7 knockdown resulted in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the OCCA cells. Thus, in this study, we showed for the first time that CBX7 was associated with a decreased OCCA prognosis. We also successfully demonstrated that the TRAIL pathway is a novel target for CBX7 expression modulation in these cells, and therapeutic agents utilizing the TRAIL pathway may be particularly effective for targeted OCCA therapy. What's new? Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with clear celladenocarcinoma of the ovary (OCCA) having a particularly poor prognosis due to high chemoresistance. Chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is a polycomb group transcriptional repressor whose role in human cancer remains controversial. Here, the authors showed for the first time that CBX7 expression is related to worse prognosis in OCCA. Furthermore, knockdown of CBX7 in vitro induced apoptosis in OCCA cell lines, possibly via regulation of the TRAIL-pathway. The findings thus indicate CBX7 as a good prognostic marker, andthe TRAIL-pathway as a potential target for OCCA diagnosis and therapy. © 2013 UICC.

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.28692

Lack of presence of the human cytomegalovirus in human glioblastoma. 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Yamashita Y, Ito Y, Isomura H, Takemura N, Okamoto A, Motomura K, Tsujiuchi T, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Toyokuni S, Tsurumi T

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 27 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 922 - 9 2014年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Modern Pathology

Recent reports have indicated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to be associated with human glioblastoma carcinogenesis. In established examples of viral carcinogenesis, viral DNA and one or more of its products have been detected in most tumor cells of biopsies in the majority of cases. To test whether HCMV is associated with human glioblastoma based on this criterion, we measured the number of viral DNA molecules per cell in both frozen and paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies from 58 patients using real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR). Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect HCMV proteins and genome was performed in 10 cases using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioblastoma tissues. Southern blotting using DNA extracted from four glioblastoma cell lines together with immunoblotting using the four cell lines and five glioblastoma tissue samples were also performed. We further confirmed the immunoblot bands using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. As a result, HCMV DNA was not detected in the tumor cells from any of the glioblastoma cases by QPCR detecting two different HCMV genes, in clear contrast to samples from patients with HCMV infection. Southern blotting and immunoblotting of cell lines and FISH using paraffin sections were all negative. However, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using tissue samples were partly positive, but HCMV proteins were not detected by proteomic analysis, suggesting false positivity of the analyses. As our QPCR analysis could detect 10 copies of HCMV DNA mixed with DNA extracted from 10 4 HCMV-negative cells, we conclude that HCMV is not persistent, at least in the tumor cells, of developed human glioblastoma. © 2014 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1038/modpathol.2013.219

Dexamethasone palmitate ameliorates macrophages-rich graft-versus-host disease by inhibiting macrophage functions. 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Nishiwaki S, Nakayama T, Murata M, Nishida T, Terakura S, Saito S, Kato T, Mizuno H, Imahashi N, Seto A, Ozawa Y, Miyamura K, Ito M, Takeshita K, Kato H, Toyokuni S, Nagao K, Ueda R, Naoe T

PloS one 9 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： e96252 2014年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PLoS ONE

Macrophage infiltration of skin GVHD lesions correlates directly with disease severity, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear and GVHD with many macrophages is a therapeutic challenge. Here, we characterize the macrophages involved in GVHD and report that dexamethasone palmitate (DP), a liposteroid, can ameliorate such GVHD by inhibiting macrophage functions. We found that host-derived macrophages could exacerbate GVHD in a mouse model through expression of higher levels of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IFN-γ, and lower levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 than resident macrophages in mice without GVHD. DP significantly decreased the viability and migration capacity of primary mouse macrophages compared to conventional dexamethasone in vitro. DP treatment on day 7 and day 14 decreased macrophage number, and attenuated GVHD score and subsequent mortality in a murine model. This is the first study to provide evidence that therapy for GVHD should be changed on the basis of infiltrating cell type. © 2014 Nishiwaki et al.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0096252

Maternal molecular hydrogen administration ameliorates rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by in utero ischemia-reperfusion. 査読有り国際誌

Mano Y, Kotani T, Ito M, Nagai T, Ichinohashi Y, Yamada K, Ohno K, Kikkawa F, Toyokuni S

Free radical biology & medicine 69 巻頁： 324 - 30 2014年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Molecular hydrogen (H2) scavenges hydroxyl radicals. Recently, H2 has been reported to prevent a variety of diseases associated with oxidative stress in model systems and in humans. Here, we studied the effects of H2 on rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion (IR) on day 16 of pregnancy with the transient occlusion of the bilateral utero-ovarian arteries. Starting 2 days before the operation, we provided the mothers with hydrogen-saturated water ad libitum until vaginal delivery. We observed a significant increase in the concentration of H 2 in the placenta after the oral administration of hydrogen-saturated water to the mothers, with less placental oxidative damage after IR in the presence of H2. Neonatal growth retardation was observed in the IR group, which was alleviated by the H2 administration. We analyzed the neuronal cell damage in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus at day 7 after birth by immunohistochemical analysis of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2.©2014 ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.037

Ovarian mucinous tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas-a molecular genetic approach for understanding the cellular origin 査読有り国際誌

Fujii, K; Yamashita, Y; Yamamoto, T; Takahashi, K; Hashimoto, K; Miyata, T; Kawai, K; Kikkawa, F; Toyokuni, S; Nagasaka, T

HUMAN PATHOLOGY 45 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 717 - 724 2014年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Human Pathology

Mucinous tumors of the ovary are frequently associated with mature cystic teratomas, and it has been speculated that the mucinous tumors arise from teratoma components. The cellular origins of mature cystic teratomas are believed to be post-meiotic ovarian germ cells, and the analysis of microsatellite markers such as short tandem repeats is suitable for determining the cellular origin of tumors. In this study, we analyzed 3 ovarian mature cystic teratomas, all of which were associated with simultaneous ovarian mucinous tumors within the same ovary. Two of the 3 mucinous tumors were intestinal-type and the other was endocervical type. A laser capture microdissection technique was used to separate the epithelial component of the mucinous tumor, the components of the mature cystic teratoma, and control ovarian somatic tissue. Using short tandem repeat analysis based on 6 markers (D20S480, D6S2439, D6S1056, D9S1118, D4S2639, and D17S1290), we could distinguish the germ cell (homozygous) or somatic (heterozygous) origin of a given component in each sample. The epithelial components of the intestinal-type mucinous tumors in cases 1 and 2 were homozygous, and the epithelial component in case 3 (endocervical type) was heterozygous. All teratomatous components were homozygous, and the control components were heterozygous. In addition, we analyzed 3 mature cystic teratomas without mucinous tumors, and all 3 were homozygous in the tumor component. Our data suggest that the origin of mucinous tumors in the ovary may differ among histological subtypes, and intestinal-type mucinous tumors may arise from mature cystic teratomas, although endocervical-type mucinous tumors may not. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.031

From Nagoya to the world 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Toyokuni S.

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 1 - 2 2014年3月

From Nagoya to the world 国際誌 Open Access

Toyokuni S

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 1 - 2 2014年3月

RAT MODEL DEMONSTRATES A HIGH RISK OF TREMOLITE BUT A LOW RISK OF ANTHOPHYLLITE FOR MESOTHELIAL CARCINOGENESIS 査読有り Open Access

Dilinuer Aierken, Yasumasa Okazaki, Shan Hwu Chew, Akihiro Sakai, Yue Wang, Hirotaka Nagai, Nobuaki Misawa, Norihiko Kohyama, Shinya Toyokuni

NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 149 - 160 2014年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：NAGOYA UNIV, SCH MED

Asbestos was abundantly used in industry during the last century. Currently, asbestos confers a heavy social burden due to an increasing number of patients with malignant mesothelioma ( MM), which develops after a long incubation period. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of the asbestos types that were most commonly used for commercial applications. However, there are few studies describing the effects of the less common types, or minor asbestos. We performed a rat carcinogenesis study using Japanese tremolite and Afghan anthophyllite. Whereas more than 50% of tremolite fibers had a diameter of < 500 nm, only a small fraction of anthophyllite fibers had a diameter of < 500 nm. We intraperitoneally injected 1 or 10 mg of asbestos into F1 Fischer-344/Brown-Norway rats. In half of the animals, repeated intraperitoneal injections of nitrilotriacetate (NTA), an iron chelator to promote Fenton reaction, were performed to evaluate the potential involvement of iron overload. Tremolite induced MM with a high incidence (96% with 10 mg; 52% with 1 mg), and males were more susceptible than females. Histology was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, and most MMs were characterized as the sarcomatoid or biphasic subtype. Unexpectedly NTA showed an inhibitory effect in females. In contrast, anthophyllite induced no MM after an observation period of 550 days. The results suggest that the carcinogenicity of anthophyllite is weaker than formerly reported, whereas that of tremolite is as potent as major asbestos as compared with our previous data.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.76.1-2.149

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Rat model demonstrates a high risk of tremolite but a low risk of anthophyllite for mesothelial carcinogenesis. Open Access

Aierken D, Okazaki Y, Chew SH, Sakai A, Wang Y, Nagai H, Misawa N, Kohyama N, Toyokuni S

Nagoya journal of medical science 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 149 - 60 2014年2月

Rat model demonstrates a high risk of tremolite but a low risk of anthophyllite for mesothelial carcinogenesis. Open Access

Aierken D, Okazaki Y, Chew SH, Sakai A, Wang Y, Nagai H, Misawa N, Kohyama N, Toyokuni S

Nagoya journal of medical science 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 149 - 60 2014年2月

RAT MODEL DEMONSTRATES A HIGH RISK OF TREMOLITE BUT A LOW RISK OF ANTHOPHYLLITE FOR MESOTHELIAL CARCINOGENESIS Open Access

Aierken Dilinuer, Okazaki Yasumasa, Chew Shan Hwu, Sakai Akihiro, Wang Yue, Nagai Hirotaka, Misawa Nobuaki, Kohyama Norihiko, Toyokuni Shinya

NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 149 - 160 2014年2月

Rat model demonstrates a high risk of tremolite but a low risk of anthophyllite for mesothelial carcinogenesis. 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Aierken D., Okazaki Y., Chew S.H., Sakai A., Wang Y., Nagai H., Misawa N., Kohyama N., Toyokuni S.

Nagoya journal of medical science 76 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 149 - 160 2014年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Nagoya journal of medical science

Asbestos was abundantly used in industry during the last century. Currently, asbestos confers a heavy social burden due to an increasing number of patients with malignant mesothelioma (MM), which develops after a long incubation period. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of the asbestos types that were most commonly used for commercial applications. However, there are few studies describing the effects of the less common types, or minor asbestos. We performed a rat carcinogenesis study using Japanese tremolite and Afghan anthophyllite. Whereas more than 50% of tremolite fibers had a diameter of < 500 nm, only a small fraction of anthophyllite fibers had a diameter of < 500 nm. We intraperitoneally injected 1 or 10 mg of asbestos into F1 Fischer-344/Brown-Norway rats. In half of the animals, repeated intraperitoneal injections of nitrilotriacetate (NTA), an iron chelator to promote Fenton reaction, were performed to evaluate the potential involvement of iron overload. Tremolite induced MM with a high incidence (96% with 10 mg; 52% with 1 mg), and males were more susceptible than females. Histology was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, and most MMs were characterized as the sarcomatoid or biphasic subtype. Unexpectedly NTA showed an inhibitory effect in females. In contrast, anthophyllite induced no MM after an observation period of 550 days. The results suggest that the carcinogenicity of anthophyllite is weaker than formerly reported, whereas that of tremolite is as potent as major asbestos as compared with our previous data.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.76.1-2.149

Open Access

Scopus

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