Faculty Profiles - YATSUYA Hiroshi

Papers - YATSUYA Hiroshi

Division display 81 - 100 of about 338 ／ All the affair displays >>

The association of work-related stress according to the demand-control model with aggravation of pre-existing disease during the first state of COVID-19 emergency in Japan. Reviewed

Yupeng He, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Chifa Chiang, Atsuhiko Ota, Ryo Okubo, Tomohiro Ishimaru, Takahiro Tabuchi

Journal of epidemiology Vol. 31 ( 12 ) page： 635 - 640 2021.12

Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Epidemiological Association

BACKGROUND: The job environment has changed a lot during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the association between work-related stress and aggravation of pre-existing disease in workers during the first state of COVID-19 emergency in Japan. METHODS: Data were obtained from a large internet survey conducted between August 25 and September 30, 2020 in Japan. Participants who reported that they had a job as well as current history of disease(s) (i.e., pre-existing conditions) were included (n=3090). Aggravation of pre-existing disease during the state of emergency was self-reported. Work-related stress from April 2020 (since the state of COVID-19 emergency) was assessed according to job demand-control model. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association. RESULTS: Aggravation of pre-existing diseases was reported by 334 participants (11%). The numbers of participants with high demand and low control were 112 (18%) and 100 (14%), respectively. Compared to medium demand, high demand was significantly associated with aggravation of pre-existing diseases (odds ratio: 1.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-2.42). Low control compared to medium control was significantly associated with aggravation of pre-existing diseases (odds ratio: 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.92). CONCLUSION: Work-related stress during the first state of COVID-19 emergency was associated with aggravation of pre-existing disease during that period.

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20210146

Peanut Consumption and Risk of Stroke and Ischemic Heart Disease in Japanese Men and Women: The JPHC Study. Reviewed International journal

Satoyo Ikehara, Hiroyasu Iso, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Isao Saito, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Takashi Kimura, Norie Sawada, Motoki Iwasaki, Shoichiro Tsugane

Stroke Vol. 52 ( 11 ) page： 3543 - 3550 2021.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several prospective cohort studies and a randomized clinical trial have shown the beneficial effects of peanut consumption on cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. We examined the association between peanut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women. METHODS: We analyzed data of 74 793 participants aged 45 to 74 years who completed a lifestyle questionnaire including the validated food frequency questionnaire in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. They were followed up from 1995 to 2009 for cohort I and from 1998 to 1999 to 2012 for cohort II. Peanut consumption was calculated from the food frequency questionnaire, and the end points were incidence of stroke, ischemic heart disease, and cardiovascular disease (stroke and ischemic heart disease). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 14.8 years, 3,599 strokes and 849 ischemic heart diseases were reported. Higher peanut consumption was associated with reduced risks of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular disease among men and women. The multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of peanut consumption after adjustment for age, sex, public health center, smoking, alcohol consumption, perceived stress level, physical activity, vegetable, fruit, fish, soy, sodium and total energy intakes, body mass index, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and cholesterol-lowering drug were 0.84 (0.77-0.93, P for trend=0.002) for total stroke, 0.80 (0.71-0.90, P for trend=0.002) for ischemic stroke, 0.93 (0.79-1.08, P for trend=0.27) for hemorrhagic stroke, 0.97 (0.80-1.17, P for trend=0.81) for ischemic heart disease and 0.87 (0.80-0.94, P for trend=0.004) for cardiovascular disease, and these associations were similarly observed in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Higher peanut consumption was associated with reduced risk of stroke, especially ischemic stroke, but not ischemic heart disease in Japanese men and women.

DOI： 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031212

Having hobbies and the risk of cardiovascular disease incidence: A Japan public health center-based study. Reviewed International journal

Xiaowen Wang, Jia-Yi Dong, Kokoro Shirai, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Isao Saito, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Hiroyasu Iso, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada

Atherosclerosis Vol. 335 page： 1 - 7 2021.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The role of hobbies as a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has gained increasing attention; however, no large-scale studies were performed to confirm this. We aimed to examine the association between having hobbies and the risk of total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke in a large Japanese cohort. METHODS: A total of 56,381 adults aged 45-74 years were divided into the non-hobby, having a hobby, and having many hobbies groups. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the hazard ratio (HRs) for incident CVD, CHD, and stroke after adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: We identified 3685 incident CVDs (940 CHDs and 2839 strokes) during a median follow-up of 16.3 years. After multivariable adjustment, compared to the non-hobby group, participants having a hobby and many hobbies had a 10% (HR = 0.90 [0.83, 0.97]) and 20% (HR = 0.80 [0.69, 0.93]) lower risk of CVD incidence, respectively. The risk of CHD was lower in those with many hobbies, but the association between having many hobbies and CHD risk was not statistically significant. We also found a similar inverse association for stroke. Compared to the non-hobby group, participants having a hobby and many hobbies had a 13% (HR = 0.87 [0.80, 0.96]) and 20% (HR = 0.80 [0.68, 0.94]) lower risk of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Having hobbies was associated with a lower risk of CVD. Engagement in hobbies may emerge as an important target for healthy lifestyle promotion for the primary prevention of CVD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.002

Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Reviewed International coauthorship

Feigin, VL; Stark, BA; Johnson, CO; Roth, GA; Bisignano, C; Abady, GG; Abbasifard, M; Abbasi-Kangevari, M; Abd-Allah, F; Abedi, V; Abualhasan, A; Abu-Rmeileh, NM; Abushouk, AI; Adebayo, OM; Agarwal, G; Agasthi, P; Ahinkorah, BO; Ahmad, S; Ahmadi, S; Salih, YA; Aji, B; Akbarpour, S; Akinyemi, RO; Al Hamad, H; Alahdab, F; Alif, SM; Alipour, V; Aljunid, SM; Almustanyir, S; Al-Raddadi, RM; Salman, RAS; Alvis-Guzman, N; Ancuceanu, R; Anderlini, D; Anderson, JA; Ansar, A; Antonazzo, IC; Arabloo, J; Ärnlöv, J; Artanti, KD; Aryan, Z; Asgari, S; Ashraf, T; Athar, M; Atreya, A; Ausloos, M; Baig, AA; Baltatu, OC; Banach, M; Barboza, MA; Barker-Collo, SL; Bärnighausen, TW; Barone, MTU; Basu, S; Bazmandegan, G; Beghi, E; Beheshti, M; Béjot, Y; Bell, AW; Bennett, DA; Bensenor, IM; Bezabhe, WM; Bezabih, YM; Bhagavathula, AS; Bhardwaj, P; Bhattacharyya, K; Bijani, A; Bikbov, B; Birhanu, MM; Boloor, A; Bonny, A; Brauer, M; Brenner, H; Bryazka, D; Butt, ZA; dos Santos, FLC; Campos-Nonato, IR; Cantu-Brito, C; Carrero, JJ; Castañeda-Orjuela, CA; Catapano, AL; Chakraborty, PA; Charan, J; Choudhari, SG; Chowdhury, EK; Chu, DT; Chung, SC; Colozza, D; Costa, VM; Costanzo, S; Criqui, MH; Dadras, O; Dagnew, B; Dai, X; Dalal, K; Damasceno, AAM; D'Amico, E; Dandona, L; Dandona, R; Gela, JD; Davletov, K; De La Cruz-Góngora, V; Desai, R; Dhamnetiya, D; Dharmaratne, SD; Dhimal, ML; Dhimal, M; Diaz, D; Dichgans, M; Dokova, K; Doshi, R; Douiri, A; Duncan, BB; Eftekharzadeh, S; Ekholuenetale, M; El Nahas, N; Elgendy, IY; Elhadi, M; El-Jaafary, SI; Endres, M; Endries, AY; Erku, DA; Faraon, EJA; Farooque, U; Farzadfar, F; Feroze, AH; Filip, I; Fischer, F; Flood, D; Gad, MM; Gaidhane, S; Gheshlagh, RG; Ghashghaee, A; Ghith, N; Ghozali, G; Ghozy, S; Gialluisi, A; Giampaoli, S; Gilani, SA; Gill, PS; Gnedovskaya, EV; Golechha, M; Goulart, AC; Guo, YM; Gupta, R; Gupta, VB; Gupta, VK; Gyanwali, P; Hafezi-Nejad, N; Hamidi, S; Hanif, A; Hankey, GJ; Hargono, A; Hashi, A; Hassan, TS; Hassen, HY; Havmoeller, RJ; Hay, SI; Hayat, K; Hegazy, MI; Herteliu, C; Holla, R; Hostiuc, S; Househ, M; Huang, J; Humayun, A; Hwang, BF; Iacoviello, L; Iavicoli, I; Ibitoye, SE; Ilesanmi, OS; Ilic, IM; Ilic, MD; Iqbal, U; Irvani, SSN; Islam, SMS; Ismail, NE; Iso, H; Isola, G; Iwagami, M; Jacob, L; Jain, V; Jang, SI; Jayapal, SK; Jayaram, S; Jayawardena, R; Jeemon, P; Jha, RP; Johnson, WD; Jonas, JB; Joseph, N; Jozwiak, JJ; Jürisson, M; Kalani, R; Kalhor, R; Kalkonde, Y; Kamath, A; Kamiab, Z; Kanchan, T; Kandel, H; Karch, A; Katoto, PDMC; Kayode, GA; Keshavarz, P; Khader, YS; Khan, EA; Khan, IA; Khan, M; Khan, MAB; Khatib, MN; Khubchandani, J; Kim, GR; Kim, MS; Kim, YJ; Kisa, A; Kisa, S; Kivimäki, M; Kolte, D; Koolivand, A; Laxminarayana, SLK; Koyanagi, A; Krishan, K; Krishnamoorthy, V; Krishnamurthi, RV; Kumar, GA; Kusuma, D; La Vecchia, C; Lacey, B; Lak, HM; Lallukka, T; Lasrado, S; Lavados, PM; Leonardi, M; Li, BY; Li, SS; Lin, HL; Lin, RT; Liu, XF; Lo, WD; Lorkowski, S; Lucchetti, G; Saute, RL; Razek, HMA; Magnani, FG; Mahajan, PB; Majeed, A; Makki, A; Malekzadeh, R; Malik, AA; Manafi, N; Mansournia, MA; Mantovani, LG; Martini, S; Mazzaglia, G; Mehndiratta, MM; Menezes, RG; Meretoja, A; Mersha, AG; Jonasson, JM; Miazgowski, B; Miazgowski, T; Michalek, IM; Mirrakhimov, EM; Mohammad, Y; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A; Mohammed, S; Mokdad, AH; Mokhayeri, Y; Molokhia, M; Moni, MA; Al Montasir, A; Moradzadeh, R; Morawska, L; Morze, J; Muruet, W; Musa, KI; Nagarajan, AJ; Naghavi, M; Swamy, SN; Nascimento, BR; Negoi, RI; Kandel, SN; Nguyen, TH; Norrving, B; Noubiap, JJ; Nwatah, VE; Oancea, B; Odukoya, OO; Olagunju, AT; Orru, H; Owolabi, MO; Padubidri, JR; Pana, A; Parekh, T; Park, EC; Kan, FP; Pathak, M; Peres, MFP; Perianayagam, A; Pham, TM; Piradov, MA; Podder, V; Polinder, S; Postma, MJ; Pourshams, A; Radfar, A; Rafiei, A; Raggi, A; Rahim, F; Rahimi-Movaghar, V; Rahman, M; Rahman, MA; Rahmani, AM; Rajai, N; Ranasinghe, P; Rao, CR; Rao, SJ; Rathi, P; Rawaf, DL; Rawaf, S; Reitsma, MB; Renjith, V; Renzaho, AMN; Rezapour, A; Rodriguez, JAB; Roever, L; Romoli, M; Rynkiewicz, A; Sacco, S; Sadeghi, M; Moghaddam, SS; Sahebkar, A; Saif-Ur-Rahman, K; Salah, R; Samaei, M; Samy, AM; Santos, IS; Santric-Milicevic, MM; Sarrafzadegan, N; Sathian, B; Sattin, D; Schiavolin, S; Schlaich, MP; Schmidt, MI; Schutte, AE; Sepanlou, SG; Seylani, A; Sha, F; Shahabi, S; Shaikh, MA; Shannawaz, M; Shawon, MSR; Sheikh, A; Sheikhbahaei, S; Shibuya, K; Siabani, S; Silva, DAS; Singh, JA; Singh, JK; Skryabin, VY; Skryabina, AA; Sobaih, BH; Stortecky, S; Stranges, S; Tadesse, EG; Tarigan, IU; Temsah, MH; Teuschl, Y; Thrift, AG; Tonelli, M; Tovani-Palone, MR; Tran, BX; Tripathi, M; Tsegaye, GW; Ullah, A; Unim, B; Unnikrishnan, B; Vakilian, A; Tahbaz, SV; Vasankari, TJ; Venketasubramanian, N; Vervoort, D; Vo, B; Volovici, V; Vosoughi, K; Vu, GT; Vu, LG; Wafa, HA; Waheed, Y; Wang, YZ; Wijeratne, T; Winkler, AS; Wolfe, CDA; Woodward, M; Wu, JH; Hanson, SW; Xu, XY; Yadav, L; Yadollahpour, A; Jabbari, SHY; Yamagishi, K; Yatsuya, H; Yonemoto, N; Yu, CH; Yunusa, I; Zaman, MS; Bin Zaman, S; Zamanian, M; Zand, R; Zandifar, A; Zastrozhin, MS; Zastrozhina, A; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZJ; Zhong, C; Zuniga, YMH; Murray, CJL

LANCET NEUROLOGY Vol. 20 ( 10 ) page： 795 - 820 2021.10

Language：English Publisher：The Lancet Neurology

Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0–18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5–3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5–3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57–8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97–3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01–1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7–90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2–62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3–48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7–33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8–41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8–29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4–33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6–23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6–28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4–19·0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.

DOI： 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0

アポリポ蛋白A2のアイソフォームと心筋梗塞発症との関連に関するコホート内症例対照研究多目的コホート(JPHC)研究

木原朋未, 山岸良匡, 本田一文, 池田愛, 八谷寛, 斉藤功, 小久保喜弘, 山地太樹, 島津太一, 澤田典絵, 岩崎基, 磯博康, 津金昌一郎

日本動脈硬化学会総会プログラム・抄録集 Vol. 53回 page： 232 - 232 2021.10

Association of anthropometric indices of obesity with hypertension among public employees in northern Ethiopia: Findings from a cross-sectional survey Reviewed International coauthorship

K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Chifa Chiang, Lemlem Weldegerima Gebremariam, Esayas Haregot Hilawe, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Atsuko Aoyama, Hiroshi Yatsuya

BMJ Open Vol. 11 ( 9 ) page： e050969 2021.9

Authorship：Corresponding author Language：English Publisher：BMJ Publishing Group

Objectives: The burden of hypertension is increasing in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Obesity is widely known to be associated with hypertension, but different anthropometric indices of obesity might differ in association with hypertension, which is largely unknown in northern Ethiopia. Design: Data from our previous cross-sectional epidemiological survey were statistically analysed. Setting: Public employees in the regional capital city in northern Ethiopia. Participants: The data of 1380 participants (823 men and 557 non-pregnant women) aged 25 and 64 years were analysed. Outcome measures: The presence of hypertension was the outcome measure and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio in men and women separately. The area under the curve (AUC) for three anthropometric indices for discriminating hypertension was also obtained. Separate analyses were conducted for waist circumference and waist-hip ratio analyses further adjusted for BMI. Results: BMI was linearly associated with hypertension in men (OR for 1 SD increase in BMI 1.45, p=0.001) and women (OR for 1 SD increase in BMI 1.41, p=0.01). The association of waist circumference was independent of BMI both in men (OR for 1 SD increase in waist circumference: 1.74, p=0.002) and women (OR for 1 SD increase in waist circumference: 1.57, p=0.029). The association of waist-hip ratio with hypertension adjusted for BMI was significant in men (OR for 1 SD increase in the waist-hip ratio: 1.46, p&lt
0.001), but was weak and non-significant in women. The AUC for BMI was 0.64 in men and 0.67 in women, while AUC for waist circumference was 0.69 both in men and women. Conclusions: Waist circumference was associated with hypertension independent of BMI among public employees in northern Ethiopia.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050969

Associations of insomnia with noise annoyance and neighborhood environments: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan. Reviewed International journal

Tomoya Hanibuchi, Tomoki Nakaya, Tsuyoshi Kitajima, Hiroshi Yatsuya

Preventive medicine reports Vol. 23 page： 101416 - 101416 2021.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Despite the increasing knowledge on the association between neighborhood and health, few studies have investigated sleep disorders in Japan, particularly the impact of neighborhood noise on sleep. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the associations between insomnia symptoms and annoyance because of traffic and neighborhood noise in Japan, which has different neighborhood conditions compared with those of the western societies. Neighborhood built and socioeconomic environments roles were also examined. We used nationwide cross-sectional data collected through a 2015 online survey of Japanese adults aged 20-64 years (n = 4,243). Adjusted prevalence ratios for insomnia according to the exposures were estimated using the multilevel Poisson regression models. The results showed that having insomnia was significantly associated with experiencing neighborhood and traffic-noise annoyance. Neighborhood noise had a stronger and independent association with insomnia. However, the neighborhood environmental variables, including population density, deprivation index, and access to commercial areas, were not associated with insomnia. In conclusion, noise annoyance, particularly that sourced from neighbors, is an important factor in relation to sleep health. Health and urban-planning policymakers should consider neighborhood noise, in addition to traffic noise, as health-related issues in residential neighborhoods.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101416

Seaweed intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) Study

Murai, U; Yamagishi, K; Sata, M; Kokubo, Y; Saito, I; Yatsuya, H; Ishihara, J; Inoue, M; Sawada, N; Iso, H; Tsugane, S

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol. 50 2021.9

The association of work-related stress with aggravation of pre-existing disease during COVID-19 emergency in Japan

He, YP; Yatsuya, H; Chiang, C; Ota, A; Okubo, R; Ishimaru, T; Tabuchi, T

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Vol. 50 2021.9

小学2年非肥満児における男女別の推定食塩摂取量、尿中Na/K比と収縮期血圧の関連

金子佳世, 伊藤由起, 加藤沙耶香, 玉田葉月, 松木太郎, 榎原毅, 井上貴子, 杉浦真弓, 齋藤伸治, 八谷寛, 藤田直也, 上島通浩

東海公衆衛生雑誌 Vol. 9 ( 1 ) page： 49 - 49 2021.7

Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Reitsma, MB; Reitsma, MB; Kendrick, PJ; Ababneh, E; Abbafati, C; Abbasi-Kangevari, M; Abdoli, A; Abedi, A; Abhilash, ES; Abila, DB; Aboyans, V; Abu-Rmeileh, NME; Adebayo, OM; Advani, SM; Aghaali, M; Ahinkorah, BO; Ahmad, S; Ahmadi, K; Ahmed, H; Aji, B; Akunna, CJ; Al-Aly, Z; Alanzi, TM; Alhabib, KF; Ali, L; Alif, SM; Alipour, V; Aljunid, SM; Alla, F; Allebeck, P; Alvis-Guzman, N; Amin, TT; Amini, S; Amu, H; Amul, GGH; Ancuceanu, R; Anderson, JA; Ansari-Moghaddam, A; Antonio, CAT; Antony, B; Anvari, D; Arabloo, J; Arian, ND; Arora, M; Asaad, M; Ausloos, M; Awan, AT; Ayano, G; Aynalem, GL; Azari, S; Darshan, BB; Badiye, AD; Baig, AA; Bakhshaei, MH; Banach, M; Banik, PC; Barker-Collo, SL; Bärnighausen, TW; Barqawi, HJ; Basu, S; Bayati, M; Bazargan-Hejazi, S; Behzadifar, M; Bekuma, TT; Bennett, DA; Bensenor, IM; Berfield, KSS; Bhagavathula, AS; Bhardwaj, N; Bhardwaj, P; Bhattacharyya, K; Bibi, S; Bijani, A; Bintoro, BS; Biondi, A; Birara, S; Braithwaite, D; Brenner, H; Brunoni, AR; Burkart, K; Butt, ZA; dos Santos, FLC; Cámera, LA; Car, J; Cárdenas, R; Carreras, G; Carrero, JJ; Castaldelli-Maia, JM; Cattaruzza, MSS; Chang, JC; Chen, SM; Chu, DT; Chung, SC; Cirillo, M; Costa, VM; Couto, RAS; Dadras, O; Dai, XC; Damasceno, AAM; Damiani, G; Dandona, L; Dandona, R; Daneshpajouhnejad, P; Gela, JD; Davletov, K; Molla, MD; Dessie, GA; Desta, AA; Dharmaratne, SD; Dianatinasab, M; Diaz, D; Do, HT; Douiri, A; Duncan, BB; Duraes, AR; Eagan, AW; Kalan, ME; Edvardsson, K; Elbarazi, I; El Tantawi, M; Esmaeilnejad, S; Fadhil, I; Faraon, EJA; Farinha, CSES; Farwati, M; Farzadfar, F; Fazlzadeh, M; Feigin, VL; Feldman, R; Prendes, CF; Ferrara, P; Filip, I; Filippidis, F; Fischer, F; Flor, LS; Foigt, NA; Folayan, MO; Foroutan, M; Gad, MM; Gaidhane, AM; Gallus, S; Geberemariyam, BS; Ghafourifard, M; Ghajar, A; Ghashghaee, A; Giampaoli, S; Gill, PS; Glozah, FN; Gnedovskaya, EV; Golechha, M; Gopalani, SV; Gorini, G; Goudarzi, H; Goulart, AC; Greaves, F; Guha, A; Guo, YM; Gupta, B; Das Gupta, R; Gupta, R; Gupta, T; Gupta, V; Hafezi-Nejad, N; Haider, MR; Hamadeh, RR; Hankey, GJ; Hargono, A; Hartono, RK; Hassankhani, H; Hay, SI; Heidari, G; Herteliu, C; Hezam, K; Hird, TR; Hole, MK; Holla, R; Hosseinzadeh, M; Hostiuc, S; Househ, M; Hsiao, T; Huang, JJ; Iannucci, VC; Ibitoye, SE; Idrisov, B; Ilesanmi, OS; Ilic, IM; Ilic, MD; Inbaraj, LR; Irvani, SSN; Islam, JY; Islam, RM; Islam, SMS; Islami, F; Iso, H; Itumalla, R; Iwagami, M; Jaafari, J; Jain, V; Jakovljevic, M; Jang, SI; Janjani, H; Jayaram, S; Jeemon, P; Jha, RP; Jonas, JB; Joo, T; Jürisson, M; Kabir, A; Kabir, Z; Kalankesh, LR; Kanchan, T; Kandel, H; Kapoor, N; Karimi, SE; Katikireddi, SV; Kebede, HK; Kelkay, B; Kennedy, RD; Khoja, AT; Khubchandani, J; Kim, GR; Kim, YE; Kimokoti, RW; Kivimäki, M; Kosen, S; Laxminarayana, SLK; Koyanagi, A; Krishan, K; Kugbey, N; Kumar, GA; Kumar, N; Kurmi, OP; Kusuma, D; Lacey, B; Lam, JO; Landires, I; Lasrado, S; Lauriola, P; Lee, DW; Lee, YH; Leung, JN; Li, SS; Lin, HL; Linn, S; Liu, W; Lopez, AD; Lopukhov, PD; Lorkowski, S; Lugo, A; Majeed, A; Maleki, A; Malekzadeh, R; Malta, DC; Mamun, AA; Manjunatha, N; Mansouri, B; Mansournia, MA; Martinez-Raga, J; Martini, S; Mathur, MR; Medina-Solís, CE; Mehata, S; Mendoza, W; Menezes, RG; Meretoja, A; Meretoja, TJ; Miazgowski, B; Michalek, IM; Miller, TR; Mirrakhimov, EM; Mirzaei, H; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M; Misra, S; Moghadaszadeh, M; Mohammad, Y; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A; Mohammed, S; Mokdad, AH; Monasta, L; Moni, MA; Moradi, G; Moradi-Lakeh, M; Moradzadeh, R; Morrison, SD; Mossie, TB; Mubarik, S; Mullany, EC; Murray, CJL; Naghavi, M; Naghshtabrizi, B; Nair, S; Nalini, M; Nangia, V; Naqvi, AA; Swamy, SN; Naveed, M; Nayak, S; Nayak, VC; Nazari, J; Nduaguba, SO; Kandel, SN; Nguyen, CT; Nguyen, HLT; Nguyen, SH; Nguyen, TH; Nixon, MR; Nnaji, CA; Norrving, B; Noubiap, JJ; Nowak, C; Ogbo, FA; Oguntade, AS; Oh, IH; Olagunju, AT; Oren, E; Otstavnov, N; Otstavnov, SS; Owolabi, MO; Pakhale, MPAS; Pakshir, K; Palladino, R; Pana, A; Panda-Jonas, S; Pandey, A; Parekh, U; Park, EC; Park, EK; Kan, FP; Patton, GC; Pawar, S; Pestell, RG; Pinheiro, M; Piradov, MA; Pirouzpanah, S; Pokhrel, KN; Polibin, RV; Prashant, A; Pribadi, DRA; Radfar, A; Rahimi-Movaghar, V; Rahman, A; Rahman, MHU; Rahman, MA; Rahmani, AM; Rajai, N; Ram, P; Ranabhat, CL; Rathi, P; Rawal, L; Renzaho, AMN; Reynales-Shigematsu, LM; Rezapour, A; Riahi, SM; Riaz, MA; Roever, L; Ronfani, L; Roshandel, G; Roy, A; Roy, B; Sacco, S; Saddik, B; Sahebkar, A; Salehi, S; Salimzadeh, H; Samaei, M; Samy, AM; Santos, IS; Santric-Milicevic, MM; Sarrafzadegan, N; Sathian, B; Sawhney, M; Saylan, M; Schaub, MP; Schmidt, MI; Schneider, IJC; Schutte, AE; Schwendicke, F; Seidu, AA; Kumar, NS; Sepanlou, SG; Seylani, A; Shafaat, O; Shah, SM; Shaikh, MA; Shalash, AS; Shannawaz, M; Sharafi, K; Sheikh, A; Sheikhbahaei, S; Shigematsu, M; Shiri, R; Shishani, K; Shivakumar, KM; Shivalli, S; Shrestha, R; Siabani, S; Sidemo, NB; Sigfusdottir, ID; Sigurvinsdottir, R; Silva, DAS; Silva, JP; Singh, A; Singh, JA; Singh, V; Sinha, DN; Sitas, F; Skryabin, VY; Skryabina, AA; Soboka, M; Soriano, JB; Soroush, A; Soshnikov, S; Soyiri, IN; Spurlock, EE; Sreeramareddy, CT; Stein, DJ; Steiropoulos, P; Stortecky, S; Straif, K; Abdulkader, RS; Sulo, G; Sundström, J; Tabuchi, T; Tadakamadla, SK; Taddele, BW; Tadesse, EG; Tamiru, AT; Tareke, M; Tareque, MI; Tarigan, IU; Temsah, MH; Thankappan, KR; Thapar, R; Tichopad, A; Tolani, MA; Topouzis, F; Tovani-Palone, MR; Tran, BX; Tripathy, JP; Tsegaye, GW; Tsilimparis, N; Tymeson, HD; Ullah, A; Ullah, S; Unim, B; Updike, RL; Vacante, M; Valdez, PR; Vardavas, C; Pérez, PV; Vasankari, TJ; Venketasubramanian, N; Verma, M; Vetrova, MV; Vo, B; Vu, GT; Waheed, Y; Wang, YZ; Welding, K; Werdecker, A; Whisnant, JL; Wickramasinghe, ND; Yamagishi, K; Yandrapalli, S; Yatsuya, H; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V; Yeshaw, Y; Yimmer, MZ; Yonemoto, N; Yu, CH; Yunusa, I; Yusefzadeh, H; Moghadam, TZ; Zaman, MS; Zamanian, M; Zandian, H; Zar, HJ; Zastrozhin, MS; Zastrozhina, A; Zavala-Arciniega, L; Zhang, JR; Zhang, ZJ; Zhong, CW; Zuniga, YMH; Gakidou, E

LANCET Vol. 397 ( 10292 ) page： 2337 - 2360 2021.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Lancet

Background: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings: Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation: In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

DOI： 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01169-7

What constitutes healthiness of Washoku or Japanese diet? Invited International journal

Hiroshi Yatsuya, Shoichiro Tsugane

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 75 ( 6 ) page： 863 - 864 2021.6

Predictive risk factors for pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath. Reviewed International journal

Yusuke Gotoh, Teppei Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Aki Ikeda, Takuya Okamura, Yosuke Sakakibara, Takuma Ina, Yuri Maeda, Mariko Hirochi, Hisashi Kako, Yasuhiro Goto, Sumito Isogai, Naoki Yamamoto, Masashi Kondo, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi

BMC pulmonary medicine Vol. 21 ( 1 ) page： 181 - 181 2021.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Pneumothorax is one complication of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS-TBB). We sought to clarify the risk factors for pneumothorax after EBUS-GS-TBB under fluoroscopic guidance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from 916 patients who underwent EBUS-GS-TBB at Fujita Health University Hospital. We evaluated the following risk factors for pneumothorax after EBUS-GS-TBB: patient characteristics (sex, age, and pulmonary comorbidities); lesion data (location, size, existence of ground-glass opacities [GGOs], pleural involvement, computed tomography [CT] bronchus sign, visibility on fluoroscopy, and EBUS findings); final diagnosis; years of bronchoscopist experience; and guide sheath size. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among the 916 patients, 30 (3.28%) presented with pneumothorax. With a univariate analysis, factors that independently predisposed to pneumothorax included lesions containing GGOs, lesions in sagittal lung segments on fluoroscopy, lesions that were not visible on fluoroscopy, and infectious lesions. A univariate analysis also showed that lesions in the right upper lobe or left upper division, as well as malignant lesions, were less likely to lead to pneumothorax. Age, underlying pulmonary disease, CT bronchus sign, EBUS findings, bronchoscopist experience, and guide sheath size did not influence the incidence of pneumothorax. A multivariate analysis revealed that only lesions containing GGOs (odds ratio [OR] 6.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.13-19.6, P = 0.001) and lesions in lung segments with a sagittal orientation on fluoroscopy (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.09-5.58, P = 0.029) were significant risk factors for EBUS-GS-TBB-related pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: EBUS-GS-TBB of lesions containing GGOs or lesions located in sagittal lung segments on fluoroscopy correlate with a higher pneumothorax risk.

DOI： 10.1186/s12890-021-01551-1

Prevalence of and factors associated with dilated choroidal vessels beneath the retinal pigment epithelium among the Japanese Reviewed

Ito, Y; Ito, M; Iwase, T; Kataoka, K; Yamada, K; Yasuda, S; Ito, H; Takeuchi, J; Nakano, Y; Fujita, A; Horiguchi, E; Taki, Y; Yatsuya, H; Terasaki, H

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Vol. 11 ( 1 ) page： 11278 2021.5

Language：English Publisher：Scientific Reports

Pachyvessels are pathologically dilated large choroidal vessels and are associated with the pathogenesis of several pachychoroid-related disorders, including central serous chorioretinopathy. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for pachyvessels in the Japanese population. We included 316 participants (aged ≥ 40 years) with normal right eyes. The presence of pachyvessels (vertical diameter > 300 µm, distance to the retinal pigment epithelium < 50 µm) was determined using 6 × 6 mm macular swept-source optical coherence tomography images, and associated risk factors were investigated. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured, and its associated risk factors investigated. The overall prevalence of pachychoroids was 9.5%. Regression analysis showed that a younger age, shorter axial length, male sex, and smoking were significantly associated with the presence of pachyvessels (p = 0.047; odds ratio [OR] 0.96 per year, p = 0.021; OR 0.61 per 1 mm, p = 0.012; OR 3.08 vs. female, and p = 0.011; OR 3.15 vs. non-smoker, respectively) and greater choroidal thickness (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.003, and p < 0.017, respectively). The results were consistent with other research findings which showed that pachychoroid-related disorders such as central serous chorioretinopathy were associated with younger age, male sex, shorter axial length, and smoking. Smoking may be associated with choroidal circulatory disturbance in the Japanese population.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-90493-z

Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion. Reviewed International journal

Hiroki Miura, Yoshiki Kawamura, Tamae Ohye, Fumihiko Hattori, Kei Kozawa, Masaru Ihira, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Haruki Nishizawa, Hiroki Kurahashi, Tetsushi Yoshikawa

The Journal of infectious diseases Vol. 223 ( 10 ) page： 1717 - 1723 2021.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can be genetically transmitted from parent to child as inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6). HHV-6 reactivation occurs in pregnant women with iciHHV-6. We showed no gender differences in the frequency of index cases with iciHHV-6 but inheritance from the father was more common. We evaluated the association between iciHHV-6 status and spontaneous abortion. METHODS: iciHHV-6 was confirmed by high viral DNA copy numbers in whole blood and somatic cells. The origin of integrated viral genome, paternal or maternal, was examined using the same method. The pregnancy history of 23 mothers in families with iciHHV-6 and 285 mothers in families without iciHHV-6 was abstracted. RESULTS: Of 23 iciHHV-6 index cases, eight mothers and 15 fathers had iciHHV-6. Spontaneous abortion rates in mothers with and mothers without/fathers with iciHHV-6 and mothers in families without iciHHV-6 were 27.6%, 10.3%, and 14.8%, respectively (p = 0.012). Mother with iciHHV-6 (OR 6.41, 95%CI 1.10-37.4) and maternal age at the most recent pregnancy ≥40 years (OR 3.91, 95%CI 1.30-11.8) are associated with two or more spontaneous abortions. CONCLUSION: Mothers with iciHHV-6 is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.

DOI： 10.1093/infdis/jiaa606

Perceptions and behaviors related to noncommunicable diseases in Palau: a qualitative study Reviewed

Hiroko Shimizu, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Chifa Chiang, Bernie Ngiralmau, Julita Tellei, Faustina K. Rehuher-Marugg, Takashi Mita, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Atsuko Aoyama

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science Vol. 83 ( 2 ) page： 287 - 298 2021.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Nagoya University

The increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a major public health concern in Palau. This study aims to identify social and psychological factors related to NCDs among Palauan people using a qualitative approach. We conducted eight key informant interviews and eight focus group discussions, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Ideas of the respondents were extracted and labeled, and the labels were analyzed using an inductive multistage approach referred to as qualitative content analysis. Three themes emerged: (1) home education, (2) traditional local community, and (3) modernization and westernization of lifestyle. Respondents believed that the influence of the family on lifestyle was significant, but that disciplining children at home had become difficult. They considered that the traditional lifestyle was mostly healthy, and were reluctant to abandon certain unhealthy customs, such as serving abundant food to guests as a sign of fraternity. They also thought that they overate because of their stressful modernized lifestyle. This is the first qualitative study to analyze perception and behavior of the Palauan people in relation to NCDs. We found that the increase in NCDs was related to two concurrent trends: preserving certain traditional customs unfavorable to good health, and abandoning time-consuming healthy traditional lifestyle to adopt a modernized one. We also found that Palauan people were not confident in their ability to prevent NCDs. Therefore, health promotion activities should be designed to empower people to make positive changes.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.83.2.287

Weight change during middle age and risk of stroke and coronary heart disease: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Reviewed International journal

Koichi Kisanuki, Isao Muraki, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Isao Saito, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Norie Sawada, Hiroyasu Iso, Shoichiro Tsugane

Atherosclerosis Vol. 322 page： 67 - 73 2021.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of weight changes in middle age on the incidence of cardiovascular disease has not been well elucidated. We investigated whether a 5-year weight change was associated with risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged individuals. METHODS: We analyzed data of 74,928 participants aged 40-69 years who provided responses to the baseline and 5-year follow-up questionnaires in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Weight change was calculated by subtracting self-reported weight at baseline from that at 5-year follow-up. Stroke and CHD events were confirmed by reviewing hospital records. RESULTS: During 997,406 person-years of follow-up, we documented 3,975 stroke and 914 CHD events. The multivariable HRs of stroke for losing ≥5 kg compared to stable weight (change ≤2 kg) was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01-1.37) in men versus 1.33 (1.13-1.57) for losing ≥5 kg and 1.61 (1.36-1.92) for gaining ≥5 kg in women (U-shaped association). These associations did not change after the exclusion of early events. The multivariable HR of CHD for gaining ≥5 kg was 1.22 (0.95-1.58) in men. After exclusion of early events within another 5 years, that positive association became stronger [multivariable HR 1.34 (1.00-1.82)]. CONCLUSIONS: Weight gain during middle age was associated with an increased risk of stroke in women and an increased risk of CHD in men. Weight loss was associated with an increased risk of stroke in both men and women.

DOI： 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.017

Avoid clinical inertia: importance of asking and advising patients with diabetes who smoke about quitting. Reviewed

Hiroshi Yatsuya

Journal of diabetes investigation Vol. 12 ( 3 ) page： 317 - 319 2021.3

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The goal of diabetes care is to prevent complications and maximize quality of life of the patients. Evidence-based glycemic control is the centerpiece for achieving that goal. At the same time, more emphasis should also be put on managing other risk factors. A recent study published in Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology confirmed that we should ask all the patients with diabetes whether they smoke, and if so, we should advise them to stop smoking immediately1 .

DOI： 10.1111/jdi.13421

Factors Associated With Prediabetes and Diabetes Among Public Employees in Northern Ethiopia. Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Yupeng He, Chifa Chiang, Lemlem Weldegerima Gebremariam, Yoshihisa Hirakawa, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Atsuko Aoyama

Asia-Pacific journal of public health Vol. 33 ( 2-3 ) page： 242 - 250 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The increasing burden of diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health challenges in African countries, including Ethiopia. This is the first study aimed to identify factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes defined by both fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in Ethiopians. We analyzed data of a cross-sectional survey (1372 adults aged 25-64 years) conducted between October 2015 and February 2016; multinomial logistic regression models were applied. Abdominal obesity, total cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were independently associated with prediabetes and diabetes in both sexes. Increased triglycerides and religious fasting practices were independently associated with prediabetes and diabetes only in men; hypertension was associated with prediabetes and diabetes only in women, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with prediabetes and diabetes in either sex. Sex differences in the association of triglycerides, hypertension, and dietary habit suggest that different approaches of lifestyle modification may be required for men and women.

DOI： 10.1177/1010539520974848

Determinants of alcohol consumption and marijuana use among young adults in the Republic of Palau Reviewed International coauthorship

Mizuki Sata, Renzhe Cui, Chifa Chiang, Singeru Travis Singeo, Berry Moon Watson, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Kaori Honjo, Takashi Mita, Everlynn Joy Temengil, Sherilynn Madraisau, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Atsuko Aoyama, Hiroyasu Iso

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Vol. 26 ( 1 ) page： 12 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC

<title>Abstract</title><sec>
<title>Background</title>
This study aimed to describe the status of alcohol consumption and drug use among young adults as well as their determinants.

</sec><sec>
<title>Methods</title>
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 356 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years) living in Palau in 2013. The prevalence of self-reported alcohol and marijuana usage were compared within and between sexes, age groups, ethnicities, and education levels.

</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
The proportion of current drinking was higher in people aged 21–24 than in those aged 18–20 (73.2% vs. 60.9%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.09 in men and 48.3% vs. 30.0%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.02 in women), while that of marijuana use did not differ between the age groups. The proportions of current drinking and marijuana use were higher in Palauan than in other ethnicities (current drinking: 70.6% vs. 40.6%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.005 in men and 38.8% vs. 16.6%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.04 in women; lifetime marijuana use: 80.0% vs. 52.9%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.02 in men and 56.1% vs. 30.6%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.09 in women). The proportion of frequent (3 times or more) marijuana users was higher for the lower educated than for the higher educated (62.5% vs. 32.1%, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001 in men and 33.9% vs. 24.4%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.12 in women).

</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
Sex, age, ethnicity, and education were significant determinants of alcohol and marijuana use.

</sec>

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-020-00928-8

Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-020-00928-8/fulltext.html

　 PREV - NEXT 　

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17