研究者詳細 - 大平　英樹

論文 - 大平　英樹

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Robot as Moral Agent: A Philosophical and Empirical Approach. 査読有り

Shoji Nagataki, Masayoshi Shibata, Tatsuya Kashiwabata, Takashi Hashimoto, Takeshi Konno, Hideki Ohira, Toshihiko Miura, Shinichi Kubota

Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2017, London, UK, 16-29 July 2017 2017年

Heart-rate deceleration predicting the determination of costly punishment: Implications for its involvement in cognitive effort expended in overriding self-interest 査読有り

Osumi Takahiro, Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 109 巻頁： 29 - 36 2016年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}

Previous studies have investigated which biological markers predict the decision to reject unfair monetary offers, termed costly punishment, in the ultimatum game (UG). One study showed that a phasic deceleratory response in heart rate (HR) is evoked in the responder more readily by offers that will be rejected than by offers that will be accepted. However, owing to the paucity of supporting evidence, it remains unclear whether and why HR deceleration can predict the decisions of UG responders. In this paper, we report two separate studies (Study 1 and Study 2) using modified versions of the UG to explore factors modulating HR deceleration. In Study 1, as well as unfair offers, fair offers induced greater HR deceleration when responders were forced to reject offers compared to when they were forced to accept offers. In Study 2, a high rejection rate for very unfair offers was sustained, regardless of the size of the offers, but HR deceleration was increased for unfair but large offers, relative to unfair, small offers. Moreover, HR deceleration was associated with the rejection of large offers. However, across the two studies, HR deceleration did not simply vary depending on unfairness. These findings support the possibility that HR decelerates as a function of cognitive load in determining costly punishment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.09.017

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Self-Other Distinction Enhanced Empathic Responses in Individuals with Alexithymia 査読有り

Saito Natsuki, Yokoyama Takemasa, Ohira Hideki

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 6 巻頁： 35059 2016年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports

Although empathy is important for social interactions, individuals with alexithymia have low empathic ability, particularly where advanced empathy is concerned (empathic concern, perspective taking). It has been argued that awareness of the self-other distinction enhances advanced empathy, and alexithymics are thought to inadequately distinguish the self from others. We therefore tested whether the self-other distinction increases advanced empathy in alexithymics. To this end, we presented painful hand images over participants' own hands, and required participants to estimate felt pain intensity and their affective states. Half of the participants got specific instructions to distinct themselves from the other in the images. Felt pain intensity (perspective taking) and other-oriented affective responses (empathic concern) were increased by the instructions only when participants had high alexithymia scores as measured by questionnaire, although self-oriented affective responses (personal distress) were not affected by the instructions. These findings indicate that enhancing the self-other distinction enhances alexithymics' ability to use advanced empathy, but not the primitive empathy.

DOI： 10.1038/srep35059

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Prolonged Effects of Acute Stress on Decision-Making under Risk: A Human Psychophysiological Study

Yamakawa Kaori, Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Isowa Tokiko

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE 10 巻 2016年9月

Prolonged effects of acute stress on decision-making under risk: A human psychophysiological study

Yamakawa K., Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Isowa T.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10 巻 ( SEP2016 ) 2016年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

This study investigates the prolonged effects of physiological responses induced by acute stress on risk-taking in decision-making. Participants were divided into a Stress group (N = 14) and a Control group (N = 12). The Trier Social Stress Test was administered as an acute stressor, and reading was administered as a control task; thereafter, participants performed a decision-making task in which they needed to choose a sure option or a gamble option in Gain and Loss frame trials 2 h after (non-) exposure to the stressor. Increased cortisol, adrenaline, heart rate (HR), and subjective stress levels validated acute stress manipulation. Stressed participants made fewer risky choices only in the Gain domain, whereas no effect of stress was shown in the Loss domain. Deceleration of HR reflecting attention was greater for Gains compared with Losses only in the Stress group. Risk avoidance was determined by increased levels of cortisol caused by acute stress. These results suggest that processes regarding glucocorticoid might be involved in the prolonged effects of acute stress on the evaluation of risks and the monitoring of outcomes in decision-making.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00444

Scopus

Prolonged Effects of Acute Stress on Decision-Making under Risk: A Human Psychophysiological Study 査読有り

Kaori Yamakawa, Hideki Ohira, Masahiro Matsunaga, Tokiko Isowa

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE 10 巻 2016年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00444

Web of Science

第34回日本生理心理学会大会を開催して

大平英樹

生理心理学と精神生理学 34 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 63 - 63 2016年8月

Recent advances of research on emotion in Japan

Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 巻頁： 529 - 529 2016年7月

Interoception and affective decision-making

Ohira Hideki

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 巻頁： 529 - 529 2016年7月

Fast and slow changes: Comparison of psychological and physiological outcomes between 5, 10, and 20 minutes of aroma massage

Uraguchi, M; Ohira, H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 巻頁： 292 - 293 2016年7月

Effect of emotional arousal at memory encoding on the subliminal Concealed Information Test (CIT) using Event related potential and Reaction time

Osugi, A; Ohira, H

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 51 巻頁： 930 - 930 2016年7月

Three-year follow-up outcomes of SES and PES in a randomized controlled study stratified by the presence of diabetes mellitus: J-DEsSERT trial

Nakamura M., Muramatsu T., Yokoi H., Okada H., Ochiai M., Suwa S., Hozawa H., Kawai K., Awata M., Mukawa H., Fujita H., Shiode N., Asano R., Tsukamoto Y., Yamada T., Yasumura Y., Ohira H., Miyamoto A., Takashima H., Ogawa T., Ito S., Matsuyama Y., Nanto S.

International Journal of Cardiology 208 巻頁： 4 - 12 2016年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：International Journal of Cardiology

Background Three-year clinical follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Japan-Drug Eluting Stents Evaluation; a Randomized Trial (J-DESsERT) using 2 different drug eluting stents (DES). A recent study demonstrated that efficacy of sirolimus eluting stents (SES) attenuated over time in diabetic patients. Methods In the largest trial of its kind, 1724 DM patients out of 3533 enrolled patients were randomized to either SES or paclitaxel eluting stents (PES). Results There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics aside from hypertension. Incidence of major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCE) mainly due to higher target vessel failure (TVF) initially indicated a benefit in SES (MACCE rate at 1 year: SES 9.4%, PES 12.2%, p = 0.08); however this had attenuated by the time of the 3-year follow-up (MACCE rate from 1 to 3 years: SES 8.4%, PES 6.1%, p = 0.10). A similar pattern was observed in insulin-treated patients: MACCE rate from 1 to 3 years was 10.5% in SES and 6.4% in PES (p = 0.25). Angiographic follow-up also resulted in higher major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates at 1 year (presence 11.5%, absence 8.3%, p = 0.04); however by 3 years rates were similar regardless of the presence of angiographic follow-up (MACE rate at 3 years: presence 16.0%, absence 14.5%, p = 0.35). Conclusions The superiority of SES over PES in MACCE at 1 year had attenuated by 3-year follow-up. Eventually, the 3-year safety and efficacy profiles were similar regardless of insulin treatment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.023

Scopus

不安と自尊感情に対する短時間のアロマトリートメントの影響―20分・10分・5分の施術によるパイロットスタディ―

浦口真喜, 大平英樹

アロマテラピー学雑誌 16 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 42 - 51 2016年3月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：公益社団法人日本アロマ環境協会

短時間のアロマトリートメント（AT）が状態不安および状態自尊感情に与える影響を検討した。6名の参加者全員が，20分・10分・5分の3時間条件のATと安静，計6実験すべてに参加した。参加者は施術台上で5分の前安静，ATまたは安静の介入，15分間の後安静を行い，その後，机に移動した。前安静後・介入直後・机に移動後に状態不安尺度と状態自尊感情尺度に記入した。精油はオレンジ・スイート，施術は足から膝までの部位に統一した。介入内容×測定ポイント×時間条件の3要因分散分析の結果，両尺度とも机に移動後のAT条件と安静条件の差は有意となり，AT条件のみ状態不安が有意に低下，状態自尊感情が有意に上昇した。時間条件ごとの介入内容×測定ポイント2要因分散分析では，状態不安は全時間条件でAT条件が安静条件より有意に低下，状態自尊感情はAT条件において上昇したが安静条件との差は20分条件と5分条件で有意傾向であった。しかし，状態不安と状態自尊感情の相関分析では，AT・安静条件間の状態自尊感情の差が20分条件でのみ明確に示された。状態不安は5分のATでも低下するが，状態自尊感情の上昇には20分以上の施術時間が必要である可能性が示唆された。

DOI： 10.15035/aeaj.160203

CiNii Research

Involvement of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in learning others’ bad reputations and indelible distrust

Suzuki A., Ito Y., Kiyama S., Kunimi M., Ohira H., Kawaguchi J., Tanabe H., Nakai T.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10 巻 ( FEB2016 ) 頁： 28 2016年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

A bad reputation can persistently affect judgments of an individual even when it turns out to be invalid and ought to be disregarded. Such indelible distrust may reflect that the negative evaluation elicited by a bad reputation transfers to a person. Consequently, the person him/herself may come to activate this negative evaluation irrespective of the accuracy of the reputation. If this theoretical model is correct, an evaluation-related brain region will be activated when witnessing a person whose bad reputation one has learned about, regardless of whether the reputation is deemed valid or not. Here, we tested this neural hypothesis with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants memorized faces paired with either a good or a bad reputation. Next, they viewed the faces alone and inferred whether each person was likely to cooperate, first while retrieving the reputations, and then while trying to disregard them as false. A region of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), which may be involved in negative evaluation, was activated by faces previously paired with bad reputations, irrespective of whether participants attempted to retrieve or disregard these reputations. Furthermore, participants showing greater activity of the left ventrolateral prefrontal region in response to the faces with bad reputations were more likely to infer that these individuals would not cooperate. Thus, once associated with a bad reputation, a person may elicit evaluation-related brain responses on their own, thereby evoking distrust independently of their reputation.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00028

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Prolonged effects of acute stress on decision-making under risk : A human psychophysiological study 査読有り

Yamakawa, K., Matsunaga, M., Ohira, H. & Isowa, T.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10 巻 2016年

脳活動の同期を導くメカニズム

大平英樹

心理学評論 59 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 283 - 291 2016年

幸福感を高める心理学的介入による心身の健康の増進

松永昌宏, 小林章雄, 柴田英治, 大竹恵子, 大平英樹

Medical Science Digest 42 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 2 - 5 2016年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（その他学術会議資料等）出版者・発行元：(株)ニュー・サイエンス社

本研究では、幸福感を高めるような心理学的介入の心身の健康状態に対する効果を検証した。実験の結果、毎日起きた出来事について、その時感じた自分の感情を素直に記述して一日を振り返るという、感情体験の自己開示を1週間行うことにより、幸福感の上昇、うつ症状の減少、身体的活性化(交感神経活動の上昇)を促すことが示された。また、幸福感の変化と唾液中CRP濃度(炎症マーカー)・sIgA濃度(免疫機能マーカー)との間に相関が認められた。本研究により、筆記による感情体験の自己開示は心身の健康状態を増進させることが示された。(著者抄録)

公共財ゲームにおける意思決定と生理的反応

齋藤菜月, 安藤由妃, 大平英樹

人間環境学研究 14 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 17 - 22 2016年

価値・予測・誤差─社会性を支える意思決定システム─ 査読有り

大平英樹

エモーション・スタディーズ 2 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 46 - 55 2016年

Prolonged Effects of Acute Stress on Decision-Making under Risk: A Human Psychophysiological Study.

Yamakawa K, Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Isowa T

Frontiers in human neuroscience 10 巻頁： 444 2016年

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