研究者詳細 - 大平　英樹

Top down influence on visuo-tactile interaction modulates neural oscillatory responses 査読有り

Kanayama Noriaki, Tame Luigi, Ohira Hideki, Pavani Francesco

NEUROIMAGE 59 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 3406 - 3417 2012年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：NeuroImage

Multisensory integration involves bottom-up as well as top-down processes. We investigated the influences of top-down control on the neural responses to multisensory stimulation using EEG recording and time-frequency analyses. Participants were stimulated at the index or thumb of the left hand, using tactile vibrators mounted on a foam cube. Simultaneously they received a visual distractor from a light emitting diode adjacent to the active vibrator (spatially congruent trial) or adjacent to the inactive vibrator (spatially incongruent trial). The task was to respond to the elevation of the tactile stimulus (upper or lower), while ignoring the simultaneous visual distractor. To manipulate top-down control on this multisensory stimulation, the proportion of spatially congruent (vs. incongruent) trials was changed across blocks. Our results reveal that the behavioral cost of responding to incongruent than congruent trials (i.e., the crossmodal congruency effect) was modulated by the proportion of congruent trials. Most importantly, the EEG gamma band response and the gamma-theta coupling were also affected by this modulation of top-down control, whereas the late theta band response related to the congruency effect was not. These findings suggest that gamma band response is more than a marker of multisensory binding, being also sensitive to the correspondence between expected and actual multisensory stimulation. By contrast, theta band response was affected by congruency but appears to be largely immune to stimulation expectancy. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.076

Distinction between externally vs. internally guided decision-making: operational differences, meta-analytical comparisons and their theoretical implications 査読有り

その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-4791

The Structure of Mindful Brain 査読有り

Murakami, H., Nakao, T., Matsunaga, M., Kasuya, Y., Shinoda, J., Yamada, J., & Ohira, H.

PLoS ONE 7 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： e46377 2012年

認知課題遂行の後作用 : 認知機能への影響(日本基礎心理学会第30回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 大平英樹, 舟橋厚

基礎心理学研究 30 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 227 2012年

日本人と感情

大平英樹

感情心理学研究 20 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 33 - 35 2012年

感情価の異なる文に組み込まれた中立語の再認について(日本基礎心理学会第30回大会,大会発表要旨)

遠山朝子, 勝原摩耶, 櫻井芳雄, 蘆田宏, 大平英樹

基礎心理学研究 30 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 227 2012年

Nakao, T; Ohira, H; Northoff, G

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE 6 巻 ( MAR ) 2012年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Neuroscience

Most experimental studies of decision-making have specifically examined situations in which a single less-predictable correct answer exists (externally guided decision-making under uncertainty). Along with such externally guided decision-making, there are instances of decision-making in which no correct answer based on external circumstances is available for the subject (internally guided decision-making). Such decisions are usually made in the context of moral decision-making as well as in preference judgment, where the answer depends on the subject's own, i.e., internal, preferences rather than on external, i.e., circumstantial, criteria. The neuronal and psychological mechanisms that allow guidance of decisions based on more internally oriented criteria in the absence of external ones remain unclear. This study was undertaken to compare decision-making of these two kinds empirically and theoretically. First, we reviewed studies of decision-making to clarify experimental-operational differences between externally guided and internally guided decision-making. Second, using multi-level kernel density analysis, a whole-brain-based quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies was performed. Our meta-analysis revealed that the neural network used predominantly for internally guided decision-making differs from that for externally guided decision-making under uncertainty. This result suggests that studying only externally guided decision-making under uncertainty is insufficient to account for decision-making processes in the brain. Finally, based on the review and results of the meta-analysis, we discuss the differences and relations between decision-making of these two types in terms of their operational, neuronal, and theoretical characteristics. © 2012 Nakao, Ohira and Northoff.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2012.00031

4. μ-オピオイド受容体遺伝子多型と血中サイトカイン,健康感との関連(一般演題,第63回日本心身医学会中部地方会演題抄録)

松永昌宏, 金子宏, 川西陽子, 舌津高秋, 坪井宏仁, 山本絋子, 大平英樹, 春日井邦夫, 米田政志

心身医学 52 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 156 2012年

Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Yamakawa K., Kawanishi Y., Tsuboi H., Kaneko H., Sadato N., Oshida A., Katayama A., Kashiwagi M., Ohira H.

Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva 53 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 114 - 120 2011年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva

The "Proust phenomenon" occurs when a certain smell evokes a specific memory. Recent studies have demonstrated that odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other sensory stimuli because of the direct neural communication between the olfactory system and the amygdala. The amygdala is known to regulate various physiological activities including the endocrine and immune systems; therefore, odor-evoked autobiographic memory may trigger various psychological and physiological responses; however, the responses elicited by this memory remains obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological responses accompanying odor-evoked autobiographic memory. We recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated changes in their mood states and autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when autobiographic memory was evoked in the participants by asking them to smell an odor(s) that was nostalgic to them. The autobiographic memories associated with positive emotion resulted in increased positive mood states, such as comfort and happiness, and decreased negative mood states, such as anxiety. Furthermore, heart rate was decreased, skin-conductance level was increased, and peripheral interleukin-2 level was decreased after smelling the nostalgic odor. These psychological and physiological responses were significantly correlated. The present study suggests that odor-evoked autobiographic memory along with a positive feeling induce various physiological responses, including the autonomic nervous and immune activities. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to observe an interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memories and immune function. © 2011 Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva.

Psychological and physiological responses to odor-evoked autobiographic memory

Matsunaga M., Isowa T., Yamakawa K., Kawanishi Y., Tsuboi H., Kaneko H., Sadato N., Oshida A., Katayama A., Kashiwagi M., Ohira H.

Neuroendocrinology Letters 32 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 774 - 780 2011年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Neuroendocrinology Letters

OBJECTIVE: The "Proust phenomenon" occurs when a certain smell evokes a specific memory. Recent studies have demonstrated that odor-evoked autobiographic memories are more emotional than those elicited by other sensory stimuli because of the direct neural communication between the olfactory system and the amygdala. The amygdala is known to regulate various physiological activities including the endocrine and immune systems; therefore, odor-evoked autobiographic memory may trigger various psychological and physiological responses; however, the responses elicited by this memory remains obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the psychological and physiological responses accompanying odor-evoked autobiographic memory. METHODS: We recruited healthy male and female volunteers and investigated changes in their mood states and autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when autobiographic memory was evoked in the participants by asking them to smell an odor(s) that was nostalgic to them. RESULTS: The autobiographic memories associated with positive emotion resulted in increased positive mood states, such as comfort and happiness, and decreased negative mood states, such as anxiety. Furthermore, heart rate was decreased, skin-conductance level was increased, and peripheral interleukin-2 level was decreased after smelling the nostalgic odor. These psychological and physiological responses were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that odor-evoked autobiographic memory along with a positive feeling induce various physiological responses, including the autonomic nervous and immune activities. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to observe an interaction between odor-evoked autobiographic memories and immune function. © 2011 Neuroendocrinology Letters.

Implicit attenuation of subsequent emotion by cognitive activity

Iida Saea, Nakao Takashi, Ohira Hideki

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 11 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 476 - 484 2011年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience

The successful regulation of emotion relies heavily on executive function. Until very recently, however, the specific effects of executive function activity on other processes havereceived relatively little empirical attention. The link between executive function and emotional responses suggests that the activation of executive function may play an important role in the attenuation of emotional responses. We conducted twoexperiments to test the hypothesis that decrements in emotional responses following cognitive task performance might be caused, at least in part, by the activation of executive function. First, we sought to test whetherthe activation of executive function reducedemotional responsesimplicitly, without any volitional effort. Next, we sought to examine the link between prior activation of executivefunction and the attenuation of subsequent emotional responses, by comparing the effects of an executive-function-demanding task with the effects of a task that is equally effortful but does not engage executive function. We discuss our results in the context of the role of executive function in the attenuation of emotion. © Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2011.

DOI： 10.3758/s13415-011-0045-y

Beneficial roles of emotion in decision making: Functional association of brain and body

Ohira H.

Psihologijske Teme 20 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 381 - 392 2011年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Psihologijske Teme

Though traditional microeconomics has supposed that human decisions are based on logical and exact computation of cost-benefit balances or efficacies, studies in behavioral economics have shown that humans sometimes make seemingly irrational decisions driven by emotions. In our everyday situations, factors related to decisions are complex and which alternative will be the most beneficial is uncertain. In such cases, emotions have been thought adaptive because they can quickly reduce negative alternatives and facilitate fast and effective decision making. Some theorists argued that one of important sources of such emotional drives affecting decision making is bodily responses that are represented in brain regions (Craig, 2009; Damasio, 1994). In this article, empirical evidence for the functional associations of the brain and body accompanying decision making will be shown as follows. (1) Heart rate responses and concentration of inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) can predict acceptance or rejection of an unfair offer in an economical negotiation game, the Ultimatum Game. Activation of the anterior insula mediates relationship between bodily states and decision making. (2) Sympathetic responses reflected by secretion of adrenaline are represented in brain regions such as the midbrain, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula, and furthermore can determine exploration of decision making in a situation where an action-outcome contingency is stochastic and unstable. These findings suggest beneficial roles of emotion and bodily responses in decision making.

Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning

Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning. 査読有り

Ohira, H., Matsunaga, M., Kimura, K., Murakami, H., Osumi, T., Isowa, T., Fukuyama, S., Shinoda, J., & Yamada, J.

Neuroscience. 193 巻頁： 193–204 2011年10月

Chronic stress modulates neural and cardiovascular responses during reversal learning.

Ohira H, Matsunaga M, Kimura K, Murakami H, Osumi T, Isowa T, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Neuroscience 193 巻頁： 193 - 204 2011年10月

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Kimura K., Murakami H., Osumi T., Isowa T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

Neuroscience 193 巻頁： 193 - 204 2011年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Neuroscience

Animal studies have revealed that chronic stress shifts cognitive strategies from the flexible goal-directed action to the simple and rigid habit action. In addition, stress-induced atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum which are involved in the goal-directed action and hypertrophy of the dorsolateral striatum which is critical for the habit action were parallel with the effects of chronic stress on behaviors. The present study tested whether these previous findings in animal studies are compatible in humans by analyzing effects of chronic stress on neural and cardiovascular responses, which are likely important for performing appropriate actions. Twenty healthy men exposed to low or high chronic job stress performed a stochastic reversal learning task, which required cognitive flexibility and the goal-directed action. Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated during the task using 15O-water positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. During the reversal learning task, whereas participants with low chronic job stress exhibited activity in the anterior caudate, as well as orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and midbrain, which might be related to the goal-directed action, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited no activity in such brain regions. Furthermore, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited less reactivity in diastolic blood pressure, which might be mediated by anterior cingulate cortical activity. These findings, in line with previous studies, suggested that chronic job stress correlates with less activity in brain regions related to the goal-directed action, and insensitive physiological responses in humans. © 2011 IBRO.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.014

CHRONIC STRESS MODULATES NEURAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING REVERSAL LEARNING

Ohira H., Matsunaga M., Kimura K., Murakami H., Osumi T., Isowa T., Fukuyama S., Shinoda J., Yamada J.

NEUROSCIENCE 193 巻頁： 193 - 204 2011年10月

慢性職業ストレスによる脳-身体の機能的相関の変容

大平英樹, 松永昌宏, 木村健太, 村上裕樹, 大隅尚広, 磯和勅子, 福山誠介, 篠田淳, 山田實広

ストレス科学 26 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 230 - 230 2011年10月

CHRONIC STRESS MODULATES NEURAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES DURING REVERSAL LEARNING 査読有り

H. Ohira, M. Matsunaga, K. Kimura, H. Murakami, T. Osumi, T. Isowa, S. Fukuyama, J. Shinoda, J. Yamada

NEUROSCIENCE 193 巻頁： 193 - 204 2011年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Animal studies have revealed that chronic stress shifts cognitive strategies from the flexible goal-directed action to the simple and rigid habit action. In addition, stress-induced atrophy in the prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum which are involved in the goal-directed action and hypertrophy of the dorsolateral striatum which is critical for the habit action were parallel with the effects of chronic stress on behaviors. The present study tested whether these previous findings in animal studies are compatible in humans by analyzing effects of chronic stress on neural and cardiovascular responses, which are likely important for performing appropriate actions. Twenty healthy men exposed to low or high chronic job stress performed a stochastic reversal learning task, which required cognitive flexibility and the goal-directed action. Regional cerebral blood flow was evaluated during the task using (15)O-water positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were also measured. During the reversal learning task, whereas participants with low chronic job stress exhibited activity in the anterior caudate, as well as orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and midbrain, which might be related to the goal-directed action, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited no activity in such brain regions. Furthermore, participants with high chronic job stress exhibited less reactivity in diastolic blood pressure, which might be mediated by anterior cingulate cortical activity. These findings, in line with previous studies, suggested that chronic job stress correlates with less activity in brain regions related to the goal-directed action, and insensitive physiological responses in humans. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.014