Faculty Profiles - MARUYAMA Kazuaki

Papers - MARUYAMA Kazuaki

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Ga-substitution effects on the improper ferroelectric phase transition of Ca<sub>8</sub>[AlO<sub>2</sub>]<sub>12</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>

Maruyama, K; Nakano, A; Terasaki, I; Taniguchi, H

OPEN CERAMICS Vol. 5 2021.3

Publisher：Open Ceramics

The aluminum-sodalite-type oxide, Ca8[AlO2]12(MoO4)2, shows an improper ferroelectricity below a ferroelectric phase transition temperature around 630 K. Here we present effects of a Ga-substitution for Al on ferroelectric properties of Ca8[AlO2]12(MoO4)2. Systematic investigations with synchrotron x-ray powder diffractions and dielectric/pyroelectric measurements have clarified that the Ga-substitution suppresses the ferroelectricity and markedly enhances a thermal hysteresis of the ferroelectric phase transition. In contrast to the case of Sr-substitution for Ca, with which the ground state results in a relaxor-like state, the polar ordering of macroscopic scale has been found to survive under the Ga-substitution. The present results shed light on intuitive designing of ferroelectricity and the phase transition properties in the aluminum-sodalite-type oxide.

DOI： 10.1016/j.oceram.2021.100080

The Japan Neurosurgical Database: Statistics Update 2018 and 2019

Iihara K., Saito N., Suzuki M., Date I., Fujii Y., Houkin K., Inoue T., Iwama T., Kawamata T., Kim P., Kinouchi H., Kishima H., Kohmura E., Kurisu K., Maruyama K., Matsumaru Y., Mikuni N., Miyamoto S., Morita A., Nakase H., Narita Y., Nishikawa R., Nozaki K., Ogasawara K., Ohata K., Sakai N., Sakamoto H., Shiokawa Y., Takahashi J.C., Ueki K., Wakabayashi T., Yoshimoto K., Arai H., Tominaga T.

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica Vol. 61 ( 12 ) page： 675 - 710 2021

Publisher：Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica

Each year, the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS) reports up-to-date statistics from the Japan Neurosurgical Database regarding case volume, patient demographics, and in-hospital outcomes of the overall cohort and neurosurgical subgroup according to the major classifications of main diagnosis. We hereby report patient demographics, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, purpose of admission, number of medical management, direct surgery, endovascular treatment, and radiosurgery of the patients based on the major classifications and/or main diagnosis registered in 2018 and 2019 in the overall cohort (523283 and 571143 patients, respectively) and neurosurgical subgroup (177184 and 191595 patients, respectively). The patient demographics, disease severity, proportion of purpose of admission (e.g., operation, 33.9–33.5%) and emergent admission (68.4–67.8%), and in-hospital mortality (e.g., cerebrovascular diseases, 6.3–6.5%; brain tumor, 3.1–3%; and neurotrauma, 4.3%) in the overall cohort were comparable between 2018 and 2019. In total, 207783 and 225217 neurosurgical procedures were performed in the neurosurgical subgroup in 2018 and 2019, respectively, of which endovascular treatment comprised 19.1% and 20.3%, respectively. Neurosurgical management of chronic subdural hematoma (19.4–18.9%) and cerebral aneurysm (15.4–14.8%) was most common. Notably, the proportion of management of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, including recombinant tissue plasminogen activator infusion and endovascular acute reperfusion therapy, increased from 7.5% in 2018 to 8.8% in 2019. The JNS statistical update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, neurosurgeons, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on neurosurgical practice.

DOI： 10.2176/NMC.ST.2021-0254

Intracranial Distribution of Intravenously Administered Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent over a Period of 24 Hours: Evaluation with 3D-real IR Imaging and MR Fingerprinting Open Access

Naganawa, S; Ito, R; Kato, Y; Kawai, H; Taoka, T; Yoshida, T; Maruyama, K; Murata, K; Körzdörfer, G; Pfeuffer, J; Nittka, M; Sone, M

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 20 ( 1 ) page： 91 - 98 2021

Language：English Publisher：Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility for the detection of slight contrast effects after intravenous administration of single dose gadolinium-based contrast agent (IV-SD-GBCA), the time course of the GBCA distribution up to 24 h was examined in various fluid spaces and brain parenchyma using 3D-real IR imaging and MR fingerprinting (MRF). Methods: Twenty-four patients with a suspicion of endolymphatic hydrops were scanned at pre-administration and at 10 min, 4 and 24 h post-IV-SD-GBCA. 3D-real IR images and MRF at the level of the internal auditory canal were obtained. The signal intensity on the 3D-real IR image of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebellopontine angle cistern (CPA), Sylvian fissure (Syl), lateral ventricle (LV), and cochlear perilymph (CPL) was measured. The T1 and T2 values of cerebellar gray (GM) and white matter (WM) were measured using MRF. Each averaged value at the various time points was compared using an analysis of variance. Results: The signal intensity on the 3D-real IR image in each CSF region peaked at 4 h, and was decreased significantly by 24 h (P < 0.05). All patients had a maximum signal intensity at 4 h in the CPA, and Syl. The mean CPL signal intensity peaked at 4 h and decreased significantly by 24 h (P < 0.05). All patients but two had a maximum signal intensity at 4 h. Regarding the T1 value in the cerebellar WM and GM, the T1 value at 10 min post-IV-GBCA was significantly decreased compared to the pre-contrast scan, but no significant difference was observed at the other time points. There was no significant change in T2 in the gray or white matter at any of the time points. Conclusion: Time course of GBCA after IV-SD-GBCA could be evaluated by 3D-real IR imaging in CSF spaces and in the brain by MRF.

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2020-0030

Synergic interaction between ritodrine and magnesium sulfate on the occurrence of critical neonatal hyperkalemia: A Japanese nationwide retrospective cohort study

Yada Y., Ohkuchi A., Otsuki K., Goishi K., Takahashi M., Yonemoto N., Saito S., Kusuda S., Ota H., Kosugiyama K., Okuyama K., Mizushima M., Negishi H., Koshida S., Kasai M., Okabe M., Sato A., Adachi H., Banzai M., Akaba K., Suzuki R., Ishibashi N., Watanabe T., Kasuga Y., Kameda T., Fujiu T., Takagi T., Maruyama K., Higashino M., Naito T., Kamei Y., Kunikata T., Iitsuka Y., Otsuka H., Yamamoto Y., Yamada M., Daigo M., Hyodo H., Sato A., Kataoka N., Yamanaka S., Okahashi A., Kojima Y., Kabashima S., Nakamura Y., Okuno R., Hirose S., Sugahara K., Okamoto S., Hara S., Shima W., Suzuki T., Kagawa H., Fujioka K., Kurasaki A., Miura A., Hokuto I., Arase T., Taguchi N., Sekiguchi K., Matsuo T., Ohnuma E., Fujiwara K., Ogawa M., Uozumi A., Yokomichi N., Hirose A., Okuda M., Fukuyama A., Ishimoto H., Mitsuzuka K., Kondo S., Kitazawa M., Kikuchi N., Miyashita Y., Tsutsumi C., Terada S., Ohki S., Kawamura T., Yasuda M., Soeno Y., Kurabayashi T., Nagayama Y., Yoneda S., Shiga T., Hayashi S., Tsuda H., Oshiro M., Ushida T., Mizutani T., Asada H., Miura R., Tanaka R., Kato N., Sasaki Y., Yokoyama T., Hirooka T., Yamada T., Maruwaka K., Nagara S.

Scientific Reports Vol. 10 ( 1 ) 2020.12

Publisher：Scientific Reports

Our aim was to evaluate the association between ritodrine and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and the occurrence of neonatal hyperkalemia or hypoglycemia among late preterm infants in a retrospective cohort study. We used a nationwide obstetrical database from 2014. A total of 4,622 live preterm infants born at 32–36 gestational weeks participated. Fourteen risk factors based on both clinical relevance and univariate analysis were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Neonatal hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia occurred in 7.6% (284/3,732) and 32.4% (1,458/4,501), respectively. Occurrence of hyperkalemia was associated with concomitant usage of ritodrine and MgSO4 compared with no usage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–2.15). Occurrence of hypoglycemia was associated with ritodrine alone (aOR 2.58 [CI 2.21–3.01]) and with concomitant usage of ritodrine and MgSO4 (aOR 2.59 [CI 2.13–3.15]), compared with no usage, and was associated with long-term usage (≥ 48 hours) of ritodrine and cessation directly before delivery. In conclusion, in late preterm infants, usage of ritodrine together with MgSO4 was associated with occurrence of critical neonatal hyperkalemia, and long-term usage of ritodrine and cessation directly before delivery were associated with neonatal hypoglycemia.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-64687-w

Metabolite/phytohormone-gene regulatory networks in soybean organs under dehydration conditions revealed by integration analysis

Maruyama, K; Urano, K; Kusano, M; Sakurai, T; Takasaki, H; Kishimoto, M; Yoshiwara, K; Kobayashi, M; Kojima, M; Sakakibara, H; Saito, K; Shinozaki, K

PLANT JOURNAL Vol. 103 ( 1 ) page： 197 - 211 2020.7

Language：English Publisher：Plant Journal

Metabolites, phytohormones, and genes involved in dehydration responses/tolerance have been predicted in several plants. However, metabolite/phytohormone–gene regulatory networks in soybean organs under dehydration conditions remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the organ specificity of metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcripts and revealed the characteristics of their regulatory networks in dehydration-treated soybeans. Our metabolite/phytohormone analysis revealed the accumulation of raffinose, trehalose, and cis-zeatin (cZ) specifically in dehydration-treated roots. In dehydration-treated soybeans, raffinose, and trehalose might have additional roles not directly involved in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus; cZ might contribute to root elongation for water uptake from the moisture region in soil. Our integration analysis of metabolites–genes indicated that galactinol, raffinose, and trehalose levels were correlated with transcript levels for key enzymes (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase) at the level of individual plants but not at the organ level under dehydration. Genes encoding these key enzymes were expressed in mainly the aerial parts of dehydration-treated soybeans. These results suggested that raffinose and trehalose are transported from aerial plant parts to the roots in dehydration-treated soybeans. Our integration analysis of phytohormones–genes indicated that cZ and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were correlated with transcript levels for key enzymes (cytokinin nucleoside 5′-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase, cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) at the level of individual plants but not at the organ level under dehydration conditions. Therefore, processes such as ABA and cZ transport, among others, are important for the organ specificity of ABA and cZ production under dehydration conditions.

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.14719

The Japan Neurosurgical Database: Overview and Results of the First-year Survey

Iihara, K; Tominaga, T; Saito, N; Suzuki, M; Date, I; Fujii, Y; Hongo, K; Houkin, K; Kato, A; Kato, Y; Kawamata, T; Kim, P; Kinouchi, H; Kohmura, E; Kurisu, K; Maruyama, K; Mikuni, N; Miyamoto, S; Morita, A; Nakase, H; Narita, Y; Nishikawa, R; Nozaki, K; Ogasawara, K; Ohata, K; Sakai, N; Sakamoto, H; Shiokawa, Y; Sonoda, Y; Takahashi, JC; Ueki, K; Wakabayashi, T; Yamamoto, T; Yoshida, K; Kayama, T; Arai, H

NEUROLOGIA MEDICO-CHIRURGICA Vol. 60 ( 4 ) page： 165 - 190 2020.4

Language：English Publisher：Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica

The Japan Neurosurgical Database (JND) is a prospective observational study registry established in 2017 by the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS) to visualize real-world clinical practice, promote science, and improve the quality of care and neurosurgery board certification in Japan. We summarize JND’s aims and methods, and describes the 2018 survey results. The JND registered in-hospital patients’ clinical data mainly from JNS training institutions in 2018. Caseload, patient demographics, and in-hospital outcomes of the overall cohort and a neurosurgical subgroup were examined according to major classifications of main diagnosis. Neurosurgical caseload per neurosurgeon in training in core hospitals in 2018 was calculated as an indicator of neurosurgical training. Of 523,283 cases (male 55.3%) registered from 1360 participating institutions, the neurosurgical subgroup comprised of 33.9%. Among the major classifications, cerebrovascular diseases comprised the largest proportion overall and in the neurosurgical subgroup (53.1%, 41.0%, respectively), followed by neurotrauma (19.1%, 25.5%), and brain tumor (10.4%, 12.8%). Functional neurosurgery (6.4%, 3.7%), spinal and peripheral nerve disorders (5.1%, 10.1%), hydrocephalus/developmental anomalies (2.9%, 5.3%), and encephalitis/infection/ inflammatory and miscellaneous diseases (2.9%, 1.6%) comprised smaller proportions. Most patients were aged 70–79 years in the overall cohort and neurosurgical subgroup (27.8%, 29.4%). Neurotrauma and cerebrovascular diseases in the neurosurgical subgroup comprised a higher and lower proportion, respectively, than in the overall cohort in elderly patients (e.g. 80 years, 46.9% vs. 33.5%, 26.8% vs. 54.4%). The 2018 median neurosurgical caseload per neurosurgeon in training was 80.7 (25–75th percentile 51.5–117.5). These initial results from 2018 reveal unique aspects of neurosurgical practice in Japan.

DOI： 10.2176/nmc.st.2019-0211

A non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan modulates kinetics of bone marrow-derived cells in ameliorating pulmonary hypertension in mice

Kato, T; Mitani, Y; Masuya, M; Maruyama, J; Sawada, H; Ohashi, H; Ikeyama, Y; Otsuki, S; Yodoya, N; Shinohara, T; Miyata, E; Zhang, E; Katayama, N; Shimpo, H; Maruyama, K; Komada, Y; Hirayama, M

PULMONARY CIRCULATION Vol. 10 ( 2 ) page： 2045894020919355 2020.4

Language：English Publisher：Pulmonary Circulation

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan modulates the kinetics of bone marrow-derived stem cells in inhibiting the development of pulmonary hypertension. Bone marrow chimeric mice, transplanted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-positive bone marrow mononuclear cells, were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia or kept in the ambient air, and were daily treated with bosentan sodium salt or saline for 21 days. After the treatment period, right ventricular pressure was measured and pulmonary vascular morphometry was conducted. Incorporation of bone marrow-derived cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression and protein level in the lung tissue were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that, in hypoxic mice, right ventricular pressure and the percentage of muscularized vessel were increased and pulmonary vascular density was decreased, each of which was reversed by bosentan. Bone marrow-derived endothelial cells and macrophages in lungs were increased by hypoxia. Bosentan promoted bone marrow-derived endothelial cell incorporation but inhibited macrophage infiltration into lungs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that interleukin 6, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were upregulated by hypoxia, in which interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were downregulated and stromal cell-derived factor-1 was upregulated by bosentan. Protein level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the whole lung was significantly upregulated by hypoxia, which was further upregulated by bosentan. Bosentan modulated kinetics of bone marrow-derived ECs and macrophages and related gene expression in lungs in ameliorating pulmonary hypertension in mice. Altered kinetics of bone marrow-derived stem cells may be a novel mechanism of the endothelin receptor blockade in vivo and confer a new understanding of the therapeutic basis for pulmonary hypertension.

DOI： 10.1177/2045894020919355

Comprehensive analysis of a novel mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a model with the most common 3.0-Mb deletion at the human 22q11.2 locus

Saito, R; Koebis, M; Nagai, T; Shimizu, K; Liao, J; Wulaer, B; Sugaya, Y; Nagahama, K; Uesaka, N; Kushima, I; Mori, D; Maruyama, K; Nakao, K; Kurihara, H; Yamada, K; Kano, M; Fukada, Y; Ozaki, N; Aiba, A

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY Vol. 10 ( 1 ) page： 35 2020.2

Language：English Publisher：Translational Psychiatry

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Although most of the 22q11.2DS patients have a 3.0-Mb deletion, existing mouse models only mimic a minor mutation of 22q11.2DS, a 1.5-Mb deletion. The role of the genes existing outside the 1.5-Mb deletion in psychiatric symptoms of 22q11.2DS is unclear. In this study, we generated a mouse model that reproduced the 3.0-Mb deletion of the 22q11.2DS (Del(3.0 Mb)/ +) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Ethological and physiological phenotypes of adult male mutants were comprehensively evaluated by visual-evoked potentials, circadian behavioral rhythm, and a series of behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition, fear-conditioning memory, and visual discrimination learning. As a result, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice showed reduction of auditory prepulse inhibition and attenuated cue-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with the phenotypes of existing 22q11.2DS models. In addition, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice displayed an impaired early visual processing that is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile, unlike the existing models, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice exhibited hypoactivity over several behavioral tests, possibly reflecting the fatigability of 22q11.2DS patients. Lastly, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice displayed a faster adaptation to experimental jet lag as compared with wild-type mice. Our results support the validity of Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice as a schizophrenia animal model and suggest that our mouse model is a useful resource to understand pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS.

DOI： 10.1038/s41398-020-0723-z

Associations between diet and mental health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire: cross-sectional and prospective analyses from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

Choda, N; Wakai, K; Naito, M; Imaeda, N; Goto, C; Maruyama, K; Kadomatsu, Y; Tsukamoto, M; Sasakabe, T; Kubo, Y; Okada, R; Kawai, S; Tamura, T; Hishida, A; Takeuchi, K; Mori, A; Hamajima, N

NUTRITION JOURNAL Vol. 19 ( 1 ) page： 2 2020.1

Language：English Publisher：Nutrition Journal

Background: Mental health has become a major public health issue worldwide. Biological and epidemiological studies suggest diet has a role in the prevention or cure of mental disorders. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationship between diet and mental health. This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary intake of nutrients (macronutrients, vitamins, calcium, and fatty acids) and food groups (fish, meat and chicken, dairy products, and vegetables) and mental health among middle-aged Japanese in cross-sectional and prospective studies. Methods: In total, 9298 men and women that participated in two areas of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study were eligible for analysis at the baseline (cross-sectional) survey. Of these, 4701 participants were followed for about 5 years and included in the follow-up (prospective) analysis. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to assess participants' general mental health status over the past several weeks. The average intake of 46 foods over the past year was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. We also evaluated lifestyle and medical factors using a self-administered questionnaire. A cross-sectional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios for a GHQ score ≥ 4 (poor mental health) according to dietary intake of foods/nutrients at baseline. The prospective study used baseline dietary and lifestyle factors and GHQ scores at follow-up. Results: The cross-sectional logistic regression analysis showed vegetables, protein, calcium, vitamin D, carotene and n-3 highly-polyunsaturated fatty acids were inversely associated with a GHQ score ≥ 4. On the other hand, mono-unsaturated fatty acids showed a positive association with higher GHQ score. The prospective logistic regression analysis found dairy products, calcium, vitamin B2, and saturated fatty acids were inversely correlated with a GHQ score ≥ 4. Calcium was associated with GHQ scores in both the cross-sectional and follow-up studies. In the follow-up study, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for a GHQ score ≥ 4 was 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.92) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of calorie-adjusted dietary calcium intake. Conclusion: Consuming particular nutrients and foods, especially calcium and dairy products, may lead to better mental health in Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.1186/s12937-019-0515-6

大学の授業とアウトソーシングの是非－大卒者を対象にしたインターネット調査の分析から－ Reviewed Open Access

丸山和昭

東北教育学会研究紀要 Vol. 15 page： 29 - 42 2020

各国比較にもとづく日本の教員業務と勤務時間管理の特質

丸山和昭

季刊教育法 Vol. 208号 page： 42 - 49 2020

Detection of IV-gadolinium Leakage from the Cortical Veins into the CSF Using MR Fingerprinting Open Access

Naganawa, S; Nakane, T; Kawai, H; Taoka, T; Kawaguchi, H; Maruyama, K; Murata, K; Körzdörfer, G; Pfeuffer, J; Nittka, M; Sone, M

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 19 ( 2 ) page： 141 - 146 2020

Language：English Publisher：Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences

Purpose: It has been reported that leakage of intravenously administered gadolinium-based contrast agents (IV-GBCAs) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the cortical veins even in healthy subjects can be detected using a highly sensitive pulse sequence such as heavily T2-weighted 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and 3D-real inversion recovery (IR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of MR fingerprinting to detect GBCA leakage from the cortical veins after IV-GBCA. Materials: Fourteen patients with suspected endolymphatic hydrops (EH) who received a single dose of IV-GBCA (39–79 years old) were included. The real IR images as well as MR fingerprinting images were obtained at 4 h after IV-GBCA. T1 and T2 values were obtained using MR fingerprinting and analyzed in ROIs covering intense GBCA leakage, and non-leakage areas of the CSF as determined on real IR images. The scan time for real IR imaging was 10 min and that for MR fingerprinting was 41 s. Results: The mean T1 value of the ROI in the area of GBCA leakage was 2422 ± 261 ms and that in the non-leakage area was 3851 ± 235 ms (P < 0.01). There was no overlap between the T1 values in the area of GBCA leakage and those in the non-leakage area. The mean T2 value in the area of GBCA leakage was 319 ± 90 ms and that in the non-leakage area was 670 ± 166 ms (P < 0.01). There was some overlap between the T2 values in the area of GBCA leakage and those in the non-leakage area. Conclusion: Leaked GBCA from the cortical veins into the surrounding CSF can be detected using MR fingerprinting obtained in <1 min.

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0048

Comparison of Layer Operations and Optimization Methods for Light Field Display

Maruyama, K; Takahashi, K; Fujii, T

IEEE ACCESS Vol. 8 page： 38767 - 38775 2020

Publisher：IEEE Access

A light-field display provides not only binocular depth sensation but also natural motion parallax with respect to head motion, which invokes a strong feeling of immersion. Such a display can be implemented with a set of stacked layers, each of which has pixels that can carry out light-ray operations (multiplication and addition). With this structure, the appearance of the display varies over the observed directions (i.e., a light field is produced) because the light rays pass through different combinations of pixels depending on both the originating points and outgoing directions. To display a specific 3-D scene, these layer patterns should be optimized to produce a light field that is as close as possible to that produced by the target three-dimensional scene. To deepen the understanding for this type of light field display, we focused on two important factors: light-ray operations carried out using layers and optimization methods for the layer patterns. Specifically, we compared multiplicative and additive layers, which are optimized using analytical methods derived from mathematical optimization or faster data-driven methods implemented as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We compared combinations within these two factors in terms of the accuracy of light-field reproduction and computation time. Our results indicate that multiplicative layers achieve better accuracy than additive ones, and CNN-based methods perform faster than the analytical ones. We suggest that the best choice in terms of the balance between accuracy and computation speed is using multiplicative layers optimized using a CNN-based method.

DOI： 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975209

Comprehensive Evaluation of <i>B</i><sub>1</sub><SUP>+</SUP>-corrected FISP-based Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: Accuracy, Repeatability and Reproducibility of T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> Relaxation Times for ISMRM/NIST System Phantom and Volunteers Open Access

Kato, Y; Ichikawa, K; Okudaira, K; Taoka, T; Kawaguchi, H; Murata, K; Maruyama, K; Koerzdoerfer, G; Pfeuffer, J; Nittka, M; Naganawa, S

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 19 ( 3 ) page： 168 - 175 2020

Language：English Publisher：Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate comprehensively; accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of T1 and T2 relaxation times measured by magnetic resonance fingerprinting using B+1-corrected fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP–MRF). Methods: The International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology (ISMRM/NIST) phantom was scanned for 100 days, and six healthy volunteers for 5 days using a FISP–MRF prototype sequence. Accuracy was evaluated on the phantom by comparing relaxation times measured by FISP–MRF with the reference values provided by the phantom manufacturer. Daily repeatability was characterized as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measurements over 100 days for the phantom and over 5 days for volunteers. In addition, the cross-scanner reproducibility was evaluated in volunteers. Results: In the phantom study, T1 and T2 values from FISP–MRF showed a strong linear correlation with the reference values of the phantom (R2 = 0.9963 for T1; R2 = 0.9966 for T2). CVs were <1.0% for T1 values larger than 300 ms, and <3.0% for T2 values across a wide range. In the volunteer study, CVs for both T1 and T2 values were <5.0%, except for one subject. In addition, all T2 values estimated by FISP–MRF in vivo were lower than those measured with conventional mapping sequences reported in previous studies. The cross-scanner variation of T1 and T2 showed good agreement between two different scanners in the volunteers. Conclusion: B+1-corrected FISP-MRF showed an acceptable accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility in the phantom and volunteer studies.

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0016

The ALK-1/SMAD/ATOH8 axis attenuates hypoxic responses and protects against the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Morikawa, M; Mitani, Y; Holmborn, K; Kato, T; Koinuma, D; Maruyama, J; Vasilaki, E; Sawada, H; Kobayashi, M; Ozawa, T; Morishita, Y; Bessho, Y; Maeda, S; Ledin, J; Aburatani, H; Kageyama, R; Maruyama, K; Heldin, CH; Miyazono, K

SCIENCE SIGNALING Vol. 12 ( 607 ) 2019.11

Publisher：Science Signaling

Dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) is implicated in vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we showed that the transcription factor ATOH8 was a direct target of SMAD1/5 and was induced in a manner dependent on BMP but independent of Notch, another critical signaling pathway in ECs. In zebrafish and mice, inactivation of Atoh8 did not cause an arteriovenous malformation–like phenotype, which may arise because of dysregulated Notch signaling. In contrast, Atoh8-deficient mice exhibited a phenotype mimicking PAH, which included increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, ATOH8 expression was decreased in PAH patient lungs. We showed that in cells, ATOH8 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and decreased its abundance, leading to reduced induction of HIF-2α target genes in response to hypoxia. Together, these findings suggest that the BMP receptor type II/ALK-1/SMAD/ATOH8 axis may attenuate hypoxic responses in ECs in the pulmonary circulation and may help prevent the development of PAH.

DOI： 10.1126/scisignal.aay4430

Hippocampal diffusion abnormality after febrile status epilepticus is related to subsequent epilepsy

Yokoi, S; Kidokoro, H; Yamamoto, H; Ohno, A; Nakata, T; Kubota, T; Tsuji, T; Morishita, M; Kawabe, T; Naiki, M; Maruyama, K; Itomi, K; Kato, T; Ito, K; Natsume, J

EPILEPSIA Vol. 60 ( 7 ) page： 1306 - 1316 2019.7

Language：English Publisher：Epilepsia

Objective: To assess hippocampal signal changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) during the acute period after febrile status epilepticus (FSE) and to examine the relationship between DWI and subsequent epilepsy. Methods: A prospective, multicenter study of children with a first episode of FSE was performed. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 days of FSE, and signal intensity was evaluated on DWI. Electroencephalography studies within 3 days of FSE were also assessed. Nine to 13 years after FSE, information on subsequent epilepsy was obtained. Results: Twenty-two children with FSE were evaluated. DWI showed unilateral hippocampal hyperintensity in six patients (27%). Three of six patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had ipsilateral thalamic hyperintensity. On EEG within 3 days of FSE, five of six patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had ipsilateral focal slowing, spikes, or attenuation. Nine to 13 years later, the outcomes could be determined in five patients with hippocampal hyperintensity and in 10 without. All 5 patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had hippocampal atrophy and developed focal epilepsy, whereas only 1 of 10 patients without hippocampal hyperintensity developed epilepsy (P = 0.002). Ictal semiology was concordant with temporal lobe seizures in all patients. Ipsilateral temporal epileptiform abnormalities were seen on EEG in four of five at last follow-up. Significance: Acute DWI hippocampal hyperintensity was seen in 27% of patients with FSE. Acute DWI hyperintensity suggests cytotoxic edema caused by prolonged seizure activity. Hippocampal DWI hyperintensity is related to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and can be a target of neuroprotective treatments to prevent the onset of epilepsy.

DOI： 10.1111/epi.16059

Plastic/Ferroelectric Crystals with Easily Switchable Polarization: Low-Voltage Operation, Unprecedentedly High Pyroelectric Performance, and Large Piezoelectric Effect in Polycrystalline Forms

Harada, J; Kawamura, Y; Takahashi, Y; Uemura, Y; Hasegawa, T; Taniguchi, H; Maruyama, K

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Vol. 141 ( 23 ) page： 9349 - 9357 2019.6

Language：English Publisher：Journal of the American Chemical Society

Molecular ferroelectric crystals have attracted growing interest as potential alternatives to conventional lead-based ceramic ferroelectrics. We have recently discovered that a class of compounds known as plastic crystals can show multiaxial ferroelectricity, which allows ferroelectric performance even in polycrystalline forms. Here, we report new plastic/ferroelectric ionic molecular crystals that exhibit remarkably small coercive electric fields at room temperature. The easily switchable ferroelectric polarization enables low-voltage switching operations and high-frequency performance. Such ferroelectric crystals can be readily processed into bulk polycrystalline forms with desired shapes that are characterized by unprecedentedly high pyroelectric figures of merit and large piezoelectricity. These multifunctional molecular crystals represent highly attractive prospects for device elements with a diverse range of applications, which will significantly boost the development of molecular ferroelectric crystals.

DOI： 10.1021/jacs.9b03369

Simple Thermal Energy Storage Tank for Improving the Energy Efficiency of an Existing Air-conditioning System

Maruyama K., Yoon G., Watanabe T.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 238 ( 1 ) 2019.3

Publisher：IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

This study aims to improve the energy efficiency of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in existing building by adding a thermal energy storage (TES) tank. By installing the TES tank with volume of 1 m3 in the chilled water loop of HVAC system. it can make charge/discharge surplus heat from heat source equipment. The chilled water can be delivered not only to secondary side but also to TES tank, while the required heat load is less than the rated capacity of the heat source equipment, it does not need to shrink its output and can be operated under the relatively higher load ratio without falling down efficiency. The charge/discharge progress is considered occurring within short-term less than an hour. During the discharge progress the heat source equipment can be turn off or idling operation yields reduce operation hour of heat source equipment and achieve energy-saving. In this paper, a case study is conducted to evaluate the energy efficiency improvement by adding TES tank into HVAC system using system energy simulation, coupling two-dimensional, steady-quasi TES numerical model that is verified by comparison with the measurement data. The error of the TES numerical model compared with the experiment was less than 5%. From the case study results, it is found that the TES tank can improve energy efficiency of HVAC system because of increasing the COP of the heat-source equipment reduces its energy consumption and reducing operation time of the primary chilled water pumps.

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/238/1/012057

A novel insect-infecting virga/nege-like virus group and its pervasive endogenization into insect genomes

Kondo, H; Chiba, S; Maruyama, K; Andika, IB; Suzuki, N

VIRUS RESEARCH Vol. 262 page： 37 - 47 2019.3

Language：English Publisher：Virus Research

Insects are the host and vector of diverse viruses including those that infect vertebrates, plants, and fungi. Recent wide-scale transcriptomic analyses have uncovered the existence of a number of novel insect viruses belonging to an alphavirus-like superfamily (virgavirus/negevirus-related lineage). In this study, through an in silico search using publicly available insect transcriptomic data, we found numerous virus-like sequences related to insect virga/nege-like viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses and related virus-like sequences fill the major phylogenetic gaps between insect and plant virga/negevirus lineages. Interestingly, one of the phylogenetic clades represents a unique insect-infecting virus group. Its members encode putative coat proteins which contained a conserved domain similar to that usually found in the coat protein of plant viruses in the family Virgaviridae. Furthermore, we discovered endogenous viral elements (EVEs) related to virga/nege-like viruses in the insect genomes, which enhances our understanding on their evolution. Database searches using the sequence of one member from this group revealed the presence of EVEs in a wide range of insect species, suggesting that there has been prevalent infection by this virus group since ancient times. Besides, we present detailed EVE integration profiles of this virus group in some species of the Bombus genus of bee families. A large variation in EVE patterns among Bombus species suggested that while some integration events occurred after the species divergence, others occurred before it. Our analyses support the view that insect and plant virga/nege-related viruses might share common virus origin(s).

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.020

Television viewing time, walking time, and risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Ikehara, S; Iso, H; Maruyama, K; Ukawa, S; Tamakoshi, A; Aoki, K; Ohno, Y; Sugano, H; Tajima, K; Mori, M; Sakauchi, F; Motohashi, Y; Tsuji, I; Nakamura, Y; Mikami, H; Kurosawa, M; Hoshiyama, Y; Tanabe, N; Tamakoshi, K; Wakai, K; Tokudome, S; Suzuki, K; Hashimoto, S; Kikuchi, S; Wada, Y; Kawamura, T; Watanabe, Y; Ozasa, K; Miki, T; Date, C; Sakata, K; Kurozawa, Y; Yoshimura, T; Fujino, Y; Shibata, A; Okamoto, N; Shio, H

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Vol. 118 page： 220 - 225 2019.1

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