研究者詳細 - 谷川　寛樹

物質ストック・フローに着目したストック型社会構築に向けた指標

鉄軌道輸送システム整備に関わるマテリアルストック・フロー分析査読有り

金城鐘顕, 吉田圭介, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学会誌 45 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 58-63 2017年12月

谷川寛樹, 醍醐市朗, 小口正弘, 奥岡桂次郎, 高木重定

廃棄物資源循環学会誌 28 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 431 - 437 2017年11月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

フロー型社会から脱却し，ストック型社会を目指すためには，社会の物質代謝，つまり，物質フローと物質ストックを把握する必要がある。環境省により推計されているわが国の物質フローは，主に投入と産出，蓄積純増，再利用から成り立っており，表裏一体となるべき物質ストックの全体像については触れられていない。本稿では，ストック型社会の構築に資する物質ストック・フロー分析を通じて，物質ストックの区分を示し，わが国の物質フローと物質ストックの状況を定量化し，さらに 3 つの物質ストック指標について検討を行った。その結果，1990 年と 2010 年を比較すると，総物質投入量は 6 割程度に減少している一方，物質ストックは 1.7 倍に増加していることが明らかとなった。さらに，物質ストックに関する 3 指標を例示したが，ストック型社会構築までの道のりを端的に示す必要があり，あるべきストック型社会像と合わせて，今後も引き続き検討を行う必要がある。

DOI： 10.3985/mcwmr.28.431

CiNii Research

Material Flow Accounts and Driving Factors of Economic Growth in the Philippines 査読有り

Martinico-Perez, MFG; Fishman, T; Okuoka, K; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 21 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1226 - 1236 2017年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Industrial Ecology

This study looks into material flow trends in the Philippines from 1985 to 2010 by utilizing the methodology of economy-wide material flow analysis. Using domestic data sources, this study presents disaggregated annual material flow trends in terms of four major material categories, namely: biomass; fossil energy carriers; ores and industrial minerals; and construction minerals. The results describe in detail the growth of material flows in a high-density country at the onset of its development and reveal the shift of material consumption from dominance of renewable materials in 1985 to nonrenewable materials in 2010. IPAT analysis shows that the increase in material consumption was driven by population growth from 1985 to 1998 and by growth in affluence from 1999 to 2010. However, high inequalities amidst the growing economy suggest that a small group of wealthy people have influenced the acceleration of material consumption in the Philippines. The results of this research are intended to provide a thorough analysis of the processes occurring in Philippine economic growth in order to assist in tackling implications for the important issue of sustainable resource management.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12496

Material stock's overburden: Automatic spatial detection and estimation of domestic extraction and hidden material flows 査読有り

Yoshida, K; Fishman, T; Okuoka, K; Tanikawa, H

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 123 巻頁： 165 - 175 2017年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Anthropogenic material stocks are expanding at ever-increasing rates across the world, and their environmental and economic impacts draw more and more attention from academia, policy makers, and economic and environmental bodies. As the knowledge base regarding anthropogenic material stocks expands, it is important to not only comprehend the societal side of material stock growth but also its counterpart to the material balance—the natural environment from which the materials used for stocks come from. However, due to difficulties of data procurement, and muted interest in materials which are considered low-value high volume, the environmental burdens related to construction minerals have received less attention so far despite the huge amounts involved. In this study, we employ geographic information systems (GIS) with digital elevation model (DEM) datasets, to form an automated method of detection and measurement of the anthropogenic disturbance of soil and earth at excavation and mining sites, which accounts not only for the material extracted for usage in the anthroposphere, but also its related unused extraction. This geographically explicit method allows to directly pinpoint the location and volume of anthropogenic disturbance. Using Japan as a case study, the results suggest that the ratio of unused extraction to used extraction may exceed 1:1 for construction minerals in Japan. We also find that the environmental effects of anthropogenic activity are bigger than natural soil disturbance by several orders of magnitude, highlighting the need to reduce raw material extraction and increase the efficient use of the existing material stock.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.010

Global Patterns and Trends for Non-Metallic Minerals used for Construction 査読有り

Miatto, A; Schandl, H; Fishman, T; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 21 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 924 - 937 2017年8月

Feasibility of a new-generation nighttime light data for estimating in-use steel stock of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures 査読有り Open Access

Liang, HW; Dong, L; Tanikawa, H; Zhang, N; Gao, ZQ; Luo, X

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 123 巻頁： 11 - 23 2017年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Regional scale estimation of in-use steel stock (IUSS) using satellite observation of nighttime lights (NTL) is essential for urban resource consumption management and resource recovery monitoring. S-NPP VIIRS (Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) NTL product is newly released in 2013, which has enhancements in both spatial and radiometric resolutions compared with the DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System) NTL products. To evaluate whether these enhancements can improve the estimations of IUSS of buildings (IUSSB) and civil engineering infrastructure (IUSSCE), the S-NPP VIIRS NTL products were used to estimate IUSSB and IUSSCE at both sub-national level of Japan and national level of world, and their performances were compared with those of using DMSP-OLS radiance calibrated (RC) NTL data. Our results indicate that the S-NPP VIIRS NTL data can offer more accurate estimates of IUSSB and IUSSCE (R2 values of 0.952 and 0.909) than those of DMSP-OLS RC NTL (R2 of 0.929 and 0.884) at prefectural level of Japan. Similar to DMSP-OLS RC NTL product, urban NTL of S-NPP VIIRS data has a stronger relationship with IUSSB, and IUSSCE was more closely related to total NTL. At national level, S-NPP VIIRS NTL also showed better estimations of IUSSB and IUSSCE. We confirmed that dividing the world into different regional groups is also required for estimating IUSSB and IUSSCE from S-NPP VIIRS NTL. For estimation of IUSSCE, two classifications including Asia region and Non-Asia region are appropriate when using S-NPP VIIRS NTL product, which is superior to DMSP-OLS RC NTL. For estimation of IUSSB, more classifications may be still required which is similar to DMSP-OLS RC NTL. Overall, our study indicated that S-NPP VIIRS data have greater capability in modeling IUSSB and IUSSCE than DMSP-OLS RC data. Our results are critical for ever-improvement of policy making on urban resource management.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.04.001

EcoBalance 2016-responsible value chains for sustainability (October 3-6, 2016, Kyoto, Japan) 査読有り

Nansai, K; Motoshita, M; Daigo, I; Hashimoto, S; Hayashi, K; Kanemoto, K; Kashiwagi, A; Kobayashi, Y; Kondo, S; Kudoh, Y; Matsuno, Y; Tanikawa, H; Yamasue, E; Yoshikawa, N

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 22 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 1165 - 1174 2017年7月

How important are realistic building lifespan assumptions for material stock and demolition waste accounts? 査読有り

Miatto, A; Schandl, H; Tanikawa, H

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 122 巻頁： 143 - 154 2017年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Accurate assessments of construction materials stocked in the built environment have received increased attention in the Industrial Ecology literature over the past few years. Many recent models that estimate building material inflows, stock accumulation and end-of-life waste, however, rely on simplistic assumptions about the lifespan of built infrastructure. While several probability distributions have been proposed (normal, Weibull, log-normal, and so on) there is no agreement on which model is best suited for modelling the accumulation of building material stock at urban and national levels. In this study we introduce an analysis of the hazard rate of buildings and discuss alternative distribution functions to model lifespan, testing the fit of five commonly used distributions to real data from the cities of Nagoya (Japan), Wakayama (Japan), and Salford (UK). The results highlight how cities with fast replacement rates are overall best modelled by right-skewed distributions, but single cohort levels express independent behaviours based on their characteristics. We investigate the sensitivity of a top-down stock accumulation model to the choice of different distributions and input parameters uncertainties. The results show that different lifespan distribution functions result in very similar overall stock accumulation at the national level, but have large impacts on calculated demolition waste flows. Differences are more pronounced for cities and the choice of a certain distribution will significantly affect the calculation of the average lifetime. Our results suggest that top-down national material stock accounts have high reliability, and are only weakly affected by the choice of one distribution over another. For cities, it is beneficial to use a distribution based on the characteristics of the buildings analysed, with regard to density and building characteristics. Stock accumulation research would profit from future bottom-up research into building lifespans to validate top-down estimation procedures.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.015