研究者詳細 - 谷川　寛樹

論文 - 谷川　寛樹

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鉄軌道輸送システム整備に関わるマテリアルストック・フロー分析査読有り

金城鐘顕, 吉田圭介, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学会誌 45 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 58-63 2017年12月

物質ストック・フローに着目したストック型社会構築に向けた指標

谷川寛樹, 醍醐市朗, 小口正弘, 奥岡桂次郎, 高木重定

廃棄物資源循環学会誌 28 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 431 - 437 2017年11月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

フロー型社会から脱却し，ストック型社会を目指すためには，社会の物質代謝，つまり，物質フローと物質ストックを把握する必要がある。環境省により推計されているわが国の物質フローは，主に投入と産出，蓄積純増，再利用から成り立っており，表裏一体となるべき物質ストックの全体像については触れられていない。本稿では，ストック型社会の構築に資する物質ストック・フロー分析を通じて，物質ストックの区分を示し，わが国の物質フローと物質ストックの状況を定量化し，さらに 3 つの物質ストック指標について検討を行った。その結果，1990 年と 2010 年を比較すると，総物質投入量は 6 割程度に減少している一方，物質ストックは 1.7 倍に増加していることが明らかとなった。さらに，物質ストックに関する 3 指標を例示したが，ストック型社会構築までの道のりを端的に示す必要があり，あるべきストック型社会像と合わせて，今後も引き続き検討を行う必要がある。

DOI： 10.3985/mcwmr.28.431

CiNii Research

Material Flow Accounts and Driving Factors of Economic Growth in the Philippines 査読有り

Martinico-Perez, MFG; Fishman, T; Okuoka, K; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 21 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1226 - 1236 2017年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Industrial Ecology

This study looks into material flow trends in the Philippines from 1985 to 2010 by utilizing the methodology of economy-wide material flow analysis. Using domestic data sources, this study presents disaggregated annual material flow trends in terms of four major material categories, namely: biomass; fossil energy carriers; ores and industrial minerals; and construction minerals. The results describe in detail the growth of material flows in a high-density country at the onset of its development and reveal the shift of material consumption from dominance of renewable materials in 1985 to nonrenewable materials in 2010. IPAT analysis shows that the increase in material consumption was driven by population growth from 1985 to 1998 and by growth in affluence from 1999 to 2010. However, high inequalities amidst the growing economy suggest that a small group of wealthy people have influenced the acceleration of material consumption in the Philippines. The results of this research are intended to provide a thorough analysis of the processes occurring in Philippine economic growth in order to assist in tackling implications for the important issue of sustainable resource management.

DOI： 10.1111/jiec.12496

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Material stock's overburden: Automatic spatial detection and estimation of domestic extraction and hidden material flows 査読有り

Yoshida, K; Fishman, T; Okuoka, K; Tanikawa, H

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 123 巻頁： 165 - 175 2017年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Anthropogenic material stocks are expanding at ever-increasing rates across the world, and their environmental and economic impacts draw more and more attention from academia, policy makers, and economic and environmental bodies. As the knowledge base regarding anthropogenic material stocks expands, it is important to not only comprehend the societal side of material stock growth but also its counterpart to the material balance—the natural environment from which the materials used for stocks come from. However, due to difficulties of data procurement, and muted interest in materials which are considered low-value high volume, the environmental burdens related to construction minerals have received less attention so far despite the huge amounts involved. In this study, we employ geographic information systems (GIS) with digital elevation model (DEM) datasets, to form an automated method of detection and measurement of the anthropogenic disturbance of soil and earth at excavation and mining sites, which accounts not only for the material extracted for usage in the anthroposphere, but also its related unused extraction. This geographically explicit method allows to directly pinpoint the location and volume of anthropogenic disturbance. Using Japan as a case study, the results suggest that the ratio of unused extraction to used extraction may exceed 1:1 for construction minerals in Japan. We also find that the environmental effects of anthropogenic activity are bigger than natural soil disturbance by several orders of magnitude, highlighting the need to reduce raw material extraction and increase the efficient use of the existing material stock.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.010

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Global Patterns and Trends for Non-Metallic Minerals used for Construction 査読有り

Miatto, A; Schandl, H; Fishman, T; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 21 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 924 - 937 2017年8月

Feasibility of a new-generation nighttime light data for estimating in-use steel stock of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures 査読有り Open Access

Liang, HW; Dong, L; Tanikawa, H; Zhang, N; Gao, ZQ; Luo, X

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 123 巻頁： 11 - 23 2017年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Regional scale estimation of in-use steel stock (IUSS) using satellite observation of nighttime lights (NTL) is essential for urban resource consumption management and resource recovery monitoring. S-NPP VIIRS (Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) NTL product is newly released in 2013, which has enhancements in both spatial and radiometric resolutions compared with the DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System) NTL products. To evaluate whether these enhancements can improve the estimations of IUSS of buildings (IUSSB) and civil engineering infrastructure (IUSSCE), the S-NPP VIIRS NTL products were used to estimate IUSSB and IUSSCE at both sub-national level of Japan and national level of world, and their performances were compared with those of using DMSP-OLS radiance calibrated (RC) NTL data. Our results indicate that the S-NPP VIIRS NTL data can offer more accurate estimates of IUSSB and IUSSCE (R2 values of 0.952 and 0.909) than those of DMSP-OLS RC NTL (R2 of 0.929 and 0.884) at prefectural level of Japan. Similar to DMSP-OLS RC NTL product, urban NTL of S-NPP VIIRS data has a stronger relationship with IUSSB, and IUSSCE was more closely related to total NTL. At national level, S-NPP VIIRS NTL also showed better estimations of IUSSB and IUSSCE. We confirmed that dividing the world into different regional groups is also required for estimating IUSSB and IUSSCE from S-NPP VIIRS NTL. For estimation of IUSSCE, two classifications including Asia region and Non-Asia region are appropriate when using S-NPP VIIRS NTL product, which is superior to DMSP-OLS RC NTL. For estimation of IUSSB, more classifications may be still required which is similar to DMSP-OLS RC NTL. Overall, our study indicated that S-NPP VIIRS data have greater capability in modeling IUSSB and IUSSCE than DMSP-OLS RC data. Our results are critical for ever-improvement of policy making on urban resource management.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.04.001

EcoBalance 2016-responsible value chains for sustainability (October 3-6, 2016, Kyoto, Japan) 査読有り

Nansai, K; Motoshita, M; Daigo, I; Hashimoto, S; Hayashi, K; Kanemoto, K; Kashiwagi, A; Kobayashi, Y; Kondo, S; Kudoh, Y; Matsuno, Y; Tanikawa, H; Yamasue, E; Yoshikawa, N

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 22 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 1165 - 1174 2017年7月

How important are realistic building lifespan assumptions for material stock and demolition waste accounts? 査読有り

Miatto, A; Schandl, H; Tanikawa, H

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 122 巻頁： 143 - 154 2017年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Resources, Conservation and Recycling

Accurate assessments of construction materials stocked in the built environment have received increased attention in the Industrial Ecology literature over the past few years. Many recent models that estimate building material inflows, stock accumulation and end-of-life waste, however, rely on simplistic assumptions about the lifespan of built infrastructure. While several probability distributions have been proposed (normal, Weibull, log-normal, and so on) there is no agreement on which model is best suited for modelling the accumulation of building material stock at urban and national levels. In this study we introduce an analysis of the hazard rate of buildings and discuss alternative distribution functions to model lifespan, testing the fit of five commonly used distributions to real data from the cities of Nagoya (Japan), Wakayama (Japan), and Salford (UK). The results highlight how cities with fast replacement rates are overall best modelled by right-skewed distributions, but single cohort levels express independent behaviours based on their characteristics. We investigate the sensitivity of a top-down stock accumulation model to the choice of different distributions and input parameters uncertainties. The results show that different lifespan distribution functions result in very similar overall stock accumulation at the national level, but have large impacts on calculated demolition waste flows. Differences are more pronounced for cities and the choice of a certain distribution will significantly affect the calculation of the average lifetime. Our results suggest that top-down national material stock accounts have high reliability, and are only weakly affected by the choice of one distribution over another. For cities, it is beneficial to use a distribution based on the characteristics of the buildings analysed, with regard to density and building characteristics. Stock accumulation research would profit from future bottom-up research into building lifespans to validate top-down estimation procedures.

DOI： 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.015

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Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use 査読有り国際共著 Open Access

Krausmann, F; Wiedenhofer, D; Lauk, C; Haas, W; Tanikawa, H; Fishman, T; Miatto, A; Schandl, H; Haberl, H

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 114 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 1880 - 1885 2017年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Human-made material stocks accumulating in buildings, infrastructure, and machinery play a crucial but underappreciated role in shaping the use of material and energy resources. Building, maintaining, and in particular operating in-use stocks of materials require raw materials and energy. Material stocks create long-term path-dependencies because of their longevity. Fostering a transition toward environmentally sustainable patterns of resource use requires a more complete understanding of stock-flow relations. Here we show that about half of all materials extracted globally by humans each year are used to build up or renew in-use stocks of materials. Based on a dynamic stock-flow model, we analyze stocks, inflows, and outflows of all materials and their relation to economic growth, energy use, and CO2 emissions from 1900 to 2010. Over this period, global material stocks increased 23-fold, reaching 792 Pg (±5%) in 2010. Despite efforts to improve recycling rates, continuous stock growth precludes closing material loops; recycling still only contributes 12% of inflows to stocks. Stocks are likely to continue to grow, driven by large infrastructure and building requirements in emerging economies. A convergence of material stocks at the level of industrial countries would lead to a fourfold increase in global stocks, and CO2 emissions exceeding climate change goals. Reducing expected future increases of material and energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions will require decoupling of services from the stocks and flows of materials through, for example, more intensive utilization of existing stocks, longer service lifetimes, and more efficient design.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1613773114

Decoding the effect of socioeconomic transitions on carbon dioxide emissions: Analysis framework and application in megacity Chongqing from inland China 査読有り

Tian, X; Chang, M; Shi, F; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 142 巻頁： 2114 - 2124 2017年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Cleaner Production

Understanding the impact of dramatic socioeconomic transitions on soaring CO2 emissions is essential for developing targeted and effective CO2 mitigation policies. Taking Chongqing as a representative case in inland China, we proposed an analysis framework to evaluate the socioeconomic transition effects on CO2 emissions during the period 1997–2012. Based on the framework, we found that the industrialization process, with its rapid expansion of construction and heavy manufacturing industries, had a strong impact on the structure of CO2 emissions growth. Meanwhile, the development of transport equipment manufacturing and high-tech industry contributed to low-carbon development. The framework further showed that the urbanization process contributed to the increased CO2 emissions mainly by intensive investments in the construction sector and changing urban household consumption. Particularly, the fast-growing urban population, the urban household consumption level, as well as the associated consumption pattern transition towards a growing demand for manufacturing products, transport, shelter, and services together lead to tripled urban household consumption related CO2 emissions. These empirical results suggest that a targeted CO2 mitigation policy in Chongqing should focus on multiple significant socioeconomic driving factors with diverse leading sectors. This implication should be applicable for other inland regions with similar geographical and socioeconomic features.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.072

南斉規介, 本下晶晴, 醍醐市朗, 橋本征二, 林清忠, 金本圭一朗, 柏木愛一郎, 小林由典, 近藤伸亮, 工藤祐揮, 松野泰也, 谷川寛樹, 山末英嗣, 吉川直樹

日本LCA学会誌 13 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 180 - 189 2017年

都市部における浸水解析のための三次元地下鉄GISデータの構築査読有り

杉本賢二, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G（環境） 73 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： I_283-I_289 2017年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

都市の発展に伴い拡大する地下空間は，都市構造の多重階層の中で最も低い場所に位置するため，極端事象や巨大災害による浸水被害に対して脆弱である．そのため，地下空間を対象とした降雨および津波による浸水解析の重要性が高まっているものの，既往研究ではデータの整備・利用可能性が広域での分析の制約となっていた．本研究では名古屋市市営地下鉄を対象として，都市部における広域での浸水解析に利活用できる三次元地下鉄GISを，工事記録や施工図面をもとに作成した．また，作成した地下鉄GISデータを用いた浸水解析として，南海トラフ地震による津波浸水被害を想定した結果，海岸部に近い名港線では1mを超える津波高により路線総延長の8割に相当する区間が浸水し，名城線の伝馬町駅では隣接する堀田駅からの浸水が路線を通じて遡上するなど，空間配置と接続性による影響を明らかにした．

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.73.I_283

熊本地震による失った建築物ストックの推計査読有り

杉本賢二, 奥岡桂次郎, 秋山祐樹, 谷川寛樹

土木学会論文集G（環境） 73 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： II_293-II_300 2017年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

自然災害による被災地域の復旧・復興に向け，被災前の社会状況に回復するために必要となる資材投入量の把握や，効率的な災害廃棄物の処理計画が求められる．本研究では，空間・属性詳細なマイクロ建物データと，災害被害分布情報との重ね合わせにより「失った建築物ストック」を推計する手法の構築を目的とする．マイクロ建物データの建物情報より建築物ストック量の空間分布を推計し，それに平成28年熊本地震の計測震度分布による建物倒壊判定を行い推計した．その結果，熊本県における建築物ストックの約6割が震度6弱以上の強振動域に分布しており，全壊棟数の推計結果は被害調査報告に近しい値となることが示された．また，地震動による建物被害により260.7万トンの失った建築物ストックが発生し，その半分がコンクリートであることが明らかになった．

DOI： 10.2208/jscejer.73.II_293

木材利用の促進が都市と森林の炭素固定に与える影響:地理情報を用いた東海三県でのケーススタディ 査読有り

小野聡, 奥岡桂次郎, 谷川寛樹

環境情報科学論文集 31 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 13-18 2017年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

<tt>木材は循環利用が可能で低炭素社会を実現する上で重要である。本研究では木材利用を促進した時の，都市と森林全体での炭素固定量を推計した。また，地理情報を用いて都市部と森林部での木材輸送を最適化する手法の確立をおこなった。木材利用の促進に関して滅失非木造住宅の木造住宅への置換シナリオや耐用年数増加シナリオの組み合わせによる計6 つのシナリオを設定した。耐用年数2 倍，滅失した非木造住宅の3％を木造住宅に置換するシナリオの際，都市と森林の合計で1 億5974 万t-C となり最も高い値となった。空間解析では都市部と森林部での需給ギャップと需給地点間の空間分布を可視化した。</tt>

DOI： 10.11492/ceispapers.ceis31.0_13

Feasibility of a new-generation nighttime light data for estimating in use steel stock of buildings and civil engineering infrastructures 査読有り国際共著

谷川寛樹

Resources Conservation and Recycling online 巻 2017年

Estimating Materials Stocked by Land-Use Type in Historic Urban Buildings Using Spatio-Temporal Analytical Tools 査読有り

Marcellus-Zamora, KA; Gallagher, PM; Spatari, S; Tanikawa, H

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 20 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1025 - 1037 2016年10月

Stochastic Analysis and Forecasts of the Patterns of Speed, Acceleration, and Levels of Material Stock Accumulation in Society 査読有り

Fishman, T; Schandl, H; Tanikawa, H

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 50 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 3729 - 3737 2016年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Environmental Science and Technology

The recent acceleration of urbanization and industrialization of many parts of the developing world, most notably in Asia, has resulted in a fast-increasing demand for and accumulation of construction materials in society. Despite the importance of physical stocks in society, the empirical assessment of total material stock of buildings and infrastructure and reasons for its growth have been underexplored in the sustainability literature. We propose an innovative approach for explaining material stock dynamics in society and create a country typology for stock accumulation trajectories using the ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) methodology, a stochastic approach commonly used in business studies and economics to inspect and forecast time series. This enables us to create scenarios for future demand and accumulation of building materials in society, including uncertainty estimates. We find that the so-far overlooked aspect of acceleration trends of material stock accumulation holds the key to explaining material stock growth, and that despite tremendous variability in country characteristics, stock accumulation is limited to only four archetypal growth patterns. The ability of nations to change their pattern will be a determining factor for global sustainability. (Graph Presented).

DOI： 10.1021/acs.est.5b05790

Understanding Tsunami Damage as "Lost Stock" 査読有り

Tanikawa H.

Disaster Resilient Cities: Concepts and Practical Examples 頁： 85-97 2016年3月

The Metabolism Analysis of Urban Building by 4d-GIS - A Useful Method for New-type Urbanization Planning in China 査読有り

Chang Chen, Feng Shi, Keijiro Okuoka, Hiroki Tanikawa

Universal Journal of Materials Science 4 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 40-46 2016年3月

Socioeconomic metabolism and sustainability 査読有り

Tanikawa H.

Basic Studies in Environmental Knowledge, Technology, Evaluation, and Strategy: Introduction to East Asia Environmental Studies 頁： 149-157 2016年1月

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