研究者詳細 - 成瀬　一郎

模擬バイオマスと石炭との水蒸気共ガス化反応における相乗効果

義家亮, Joseph KIHEDU, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

日本燃焼学会誌 57 巻 ( 179 ) 頁： 21 - 26 2015年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本燃焼学会

Lignin and cellulose chemicals were used as artificial biomass components to make-up a simulated biomass. Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) as well as volatile matter contents in these chemicals were much different from each other. Co-gasification of coal with simulated biomass shows improved conversion characteristics in comparison to the average calculated from separate conversion of coal and simulated biomass. Two conversion synergetic peaks were observed whereby the first peak occurred around 400 °C while the second one occurred above 800 °C. Although co-gasification of coal with lignin that has high AAEM content also shows two synergy peaks, the one at higher temperature is dominant. Co-gasification of coal with cellulose shows only a single synergy peak around 400 °C indicating that synergy at low temperature is related with interaction of volatiles. Investigation of morphology changes during gasification of lignin and coal, suggests that their low reactivity is associated with their solid shape maintained even at high temperature.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.57.179_21

P-05 木質バイオマスを用いた酸化鉄の還元特性解明(熱分解,Poster Session)

若田俊輔, 義家亮, 布目陽子, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

バイオマス科学会議発表論文集 9 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 62 - 63 2014年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

The iron making process, especially pig iron making process discharges the huge amount of CO_2 because coke made from coal is used as a reductant. For this reason, steel industry discharges the largest amount of CO_2 and it occupies about 13% in Japanese emission. This paper focused the woody biomass substitute for coke in pig iron making process and studied reduction characteristics of iron oxide when heated iron oxide and woody biomass mixed sample in N_2 atmosphere. In addition, we aim to clarify the reduction characteristics of iron oxide by volatile matters in woody biomass.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_62

Regeneration of Used Alkali Carbonates for Gaseous Sulfur Removal in a Gasification System

Raharjo Slamet, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS 27 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 2762 - 2766 2013年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is expected to play an important role as one of a number of highly efficient conversion technologies for carbonaceous resources. However, it is vital to remove as much H 2S and COS as possible. Our previous study suggested that the molten alkali carbonates of 43 mol of Na2CO3 + 57 mol of K 2CO3 can completely adsorb them at 1173 K to form alkali sulfides. Furthermore, to enhance the overall efficiency in the gasification system, the regeneration characteristics of the used alkali carbonates should be studied. Therefore, the current study works on that issue. The optimum regeneration condition for experiments was estimated by chemical equilibrium software, FactSage 6.2, prior to the regeneration experiments. Chemical equilibrium calculations suggested that a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam could regenerate the used alkali carbonates. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated tube reactor using a mixture of CO2 and steam as the regeneration agent. As a result, the remaining sulfur in solid after regeneration experiments was around 5 mass % of the total sulfur content in the raw sample at an optimum temperature range of 650-773 K. It is expected that around 95% of alkali sulfides was converted back to alkali carbonates. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ef400219q

Reduction mechanisms of ash deposition in coal and/or biomass combustion boilers

Naganuma Hiroshi, Ikeda Nobuya, Ito Tadashi, Matsuura Mikio, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL 106 巻頁： 303 - 309 2013年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Fuel

Some ash particles in solid fuels adhere on heat exchanger tube surfaces inside coal and/or biomass combustion boilers. The authors have already proposed a surface treatment on tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, to reduce ash deposition. Understanding reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition is necessary to evaluate effects of the surface treatment technique on the reduction of ash deposition. The reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition were elucidated due to physical and chemical aspects, measuring adhesion forces between the ash particles and some alloy specimens of the tube at high temperature under the simulated boiler conditions. As a result, the adhesion force increased with time and depended on both the ash types and the alloy specimens. The thermal spraying of Ni-alloy, in particular, could reduce the adhesion force. Moreover interface reactions between the ash particles and the alloy specimen played an effective role in increasing the adhesion force, alkali metal compounds in the ash samples also related to an increase of the adhesion force. Fe, which was one of the main alloy elements, diffused into the ash deposition layer beyond the interface. This observation result suggested that the interface reactions of the ash particles with the alloy caused an increase of the adhesion force. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.017

Reaction behavior during heating biomass materials and iron oxide composites

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ohno Ko-ichiro, Maeda Takayuki, Nishioka Kold, Shimizu Masakata

FUEL 104 巻頁： 58 - 61 2013年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Fuel

Effective utilization of biomass materials as a reducing agent in the ironmaking process is one of the key technologies for environmental protection. In this work, in order to study the possibility of effective use of woody biomass as a reducing agent in the carbon composite method, we carried out experiments of the thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of mixture of woody powder and iron oxide. Conversion ratio into H2 from woody powder was almost the same between thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of the mixture sample. Conversion ratio into CO by reduction was larger than that by thermal decomposition. The final reduction degrees of mixture samples at the temperature from 1273 to 1573 K were 100%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.019

The mechanism of gravity shedding of ash deposits in coal fired boiler

Sato N., Ueno S., Aramaki H., Nunome Y., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I.

30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013 5 巻頁： 4053 - 4060 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the gravity shedding mechanisms of ash deposits experimentally. A horizontal furnace, which could simulate the temperature profile in practical boilers, was used in this experiment. The pulverized coal was burned in this furnace. The typical bituminous coal was selected as a sample coal. The gravity shedding of ash deposits was observed, inserting a water-cooling tube into the furnace during combustion. After the experiments, the cross-sectional surface of the water-cooling tube was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscopy. The ash deposits before shedding were found to be between 2 and 3 mm thick. The ash deposits near the metal surface consisted of ash particles, while the surface of the ash deposits partly consisted of lightly sintered ash particles. After shedding, the remaining ash layer was found to be 500 μm thick on the tube surface.

固体燃料の利用技術と環境

成瀬一郎

日本燃焼学会誌 55 巻 ( 172 ) 頁： 87 - 93 2013年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本燃焼学会

According to the supply trend of primary energy resources, the resources of such fossil fuels as oil, natural gas and coal have still been consumed steadily worldwide. Among those fossil fuels, the coal resource has the highest ratio of reserves to production. On the other hand, the global environmental issues have strongly been focused recently. In these points of view, the coal must be utilized efficiently and ecologically as well as carbon neutral resources like biomass and solid wastes should also be utilized more effectively. The coal, biomass and solid wastes are generally categorized as solid fuel. Even for the biomass, it is necessary to convert it high-efficiently and environment-friendly. However, those solid fuels have not only their own structural difficulties, but also compositional diversity. In order to solve those difficulties, the harmonization between the theory or model and the social needs is necessary, and the interdisciplinary cooperation will also be effective.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.55.172_87

Volatilization characteristics of boron compounds during coal combustion

Noda Naoki, Ito Shigeo, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE 34 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 2831 - 2838 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

Boron behavior during coal combustion was studied experimentally and theoretically. Seven types of coal with different boron concentrations were pyrolyzed or burned, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In order to understand the effect of coal type on the boron component of ash, chemical equilibrium calculations were made to determine which boron compounds contributed to forming the boron compounds found in the ash particles. Additionally, XAFS analyses were also carried out to evaluate the results obtained by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Some boron compounds in coal were volatilized, and others remained in the molten coal ash after combustion. Both the chemical equilibrium calculations of the boron compounds under the combustion condition and the boron analysis of the ash particles by the XAFS suggested that the boron compound contained in the ash was mainly B 2O3. The boron compounds were concentrated in the molten slag during combustion. The enrichment of boron into the ash as particles was related to the amount of slag formed. The index, (Base/Acid ratio) × (Ash content), correlates well with the volatilization fraction of boron even in the actual power plants. © 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.018

微粉炭ボイラにおける灰付着低減技術の開発(Session 1)

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集 22 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： vi - vii 2013年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

In order to enhance net power generation efficiency obtained by pulverized coal fired boilers more, it is necessary to fundamentally develop reduction technologies of ash deposit during operation. The thermal coating technology on surfaces of heat exchanger tubes was applied to reduce the ash deposit during coal combustion in this study. Such several tests as the ash melting experiments at high temperature, the deposition experiments of ash particles and the measurements of deposition force after long-term keeping under the simulated boiler condition were carried out. Consequently, the Ni alloy specimen was selected as the best coating material to control the ash deposit. Finally, that coating material was also tested in practical boilers and showed the good performance on the reduction of ash deposit.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_vi

膜分離溶媒抽出による廃潤滑油の再生手法

片岡直也, 義家亮, 成瀬一郎, 植木保昭, 布目陽子

廃棄物資源循環学会研究発表会講演集 24 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 355 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

現在，潤滑油は多岐の産業分野にわたって使用されており，国内で年間84万kLの廃潤滑油が発生しているが，再生潤滑油としての再生割合は約6％に留まる．本研究で提案する膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出は，溶媒抽出の際に使用する有機溶媒のほぼ100％がプロセス内で循環するため省資源であり，残渣は廃油中の不純物成分のみであることから廃棄物を低減できる．本研究ではこの膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による再生手法の実証を目指す基盤研究として，セミバッチ試験による膜分離溶媒抽出のモデル化および，廃油・溶媒を連続供給する連続処理装置の構築，長時間の運転におけるプロセスの評価を行った．モデル化に際して，Kedem-Katchalskyの式を用いることで，膜内への溶媒の侵入を考慮した膜分離溶媒抽出のモデルを構成することができた．また，連続抽出装置を構築し，連続運転条件において900minの長時間抽出を行うことができた．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.24.0_355

No.62 固体酸化物燃料電池における微量成分による劣化挙動解明(灰・微量元素(2))

資源・エネルギー

成瀬一郎, 神原信志, 汲田幹夫, 大友順一郎, 坂田興, 野田玲治, 義家亮

化学工学 = Chemical engineering 76 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 620 - 627 2012年10月

笈田晃行, 義家亮, 成瀬一郎, 植木保昭, 布目陽子

石炭科学会議発表論文集 49 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 120 - 121 2012年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

In recent years, protections of environmental pollution and global warming are most important issues to discuss the world energy use. Efficient and clean use of fossil energy resources in the world has been increasing in importance. Coal is produced all over the world also, and it amount of reserves is larger than any other fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, etc.). Consequently, IGFC (Integrated gasification fuel cell combined cycle) has been attracting attention as one of efficient coal utilization. However, trace elements in coal are emitted to coal syn-gas in vapor phase, and affect fuel cell electrodes to deteriorate their performances. In this study, we assess the effect of trace element in syn-gas on SOFC power generation. We have tested a button cell in 900℃ for about 20 hours with simulated gas doped vapor As and Se.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.49.0_120

Reduction of ash deposition in pulverized coal fired boilers

Naruse I., Yoshiie R., Ueki Y., Matsuura M., Naganuma H.

Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion 頁： 517 - 522 2012年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion

This study proposes reduction technology of ash deposition on the heat exchanger tube in pulverized coal fired (PCF) boilers. Thermal spraying technique is adopted to change the surface properties of tube to reduce the ash deposition. As a result, Ni alloy as a thermal spraying material played an effective role to reduce the deposition under both the ash deposition experiments and the actual coal combustion experiments. However, it is necessary to change ash types in order to evaluate that the thermal spraying technology is universally useful or not. If this technology will be applied to the commercialized PCF boilers, additionally, the effectiveness for the long-term will also be studied as well as the theoretical elucidation on the reduction of ash deposition must be discussed. In this study, therefore, four types of coal ash with different melting points were tested as samples for the ash deposition experiments. The long-term ash adhesion experiments were also carried out, using a precise tension tester at high temperature. As the theoretical approaches, the compositions of each ash particle depositing on the tube surface were analyzed by a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector, thereby the interfacial reactions between the ash deposition layer and the heat exchanger tube were discussed. Those results obtained were also compared to the results obtained by the thermal equilibrium calculations. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Slagging behavior of upgraded brown coal and bituminous coal in 145MW practical coal combustion boiler

Akiyama K., Pak H., Takubo Y., Tada T., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I.

Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion 頁： 77 - 82 2012年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate behaviors of ash deposition during combustion of Upgraded Brown Coal (UBC) and bituminous coal in a 145 MW practical coal combustion boiler. A blended coal consisting 20 wt% of the UBC and 80 wt% of the bituminous coal was burned for the combustion tests. Before the actual ash deposition tests, the molten slag fractions of ash calcualted by chemical equilibrium calculations under the combustion condition was adopted as one of the indices to estimate the tendency of ash deposition. The calculation results showed that the molten slag fraction for UBC ash reached approximately 90% at 1523 K. However, that for the blended coal ash became about 50%. These calculation results mean that blending the UBC with a bituminous coal played a role in decreasing the molten slag fraction. Next, the ash deposition tests were conducted, using a practical pulverized coal combustion boiler. A water-cooled stainless-steel tube was inserted in locations at 1523 K in the boiler to measure the amount of ash deposits. The results showed that the mass of deposited ash for the blended coal increased and shape of the deposited ash particles on the tube became large and sperical. This is because the molten slag fraction in ash for the blended coal at 1523 K increased and the surface of deposited ash became sticky. However, the mass of the deposited ash for the blended coal did not greatly increase and no slagging problems occurred for 8 days of boiler operation under the present blending conditions. Therefore, appropriate blending of the UBC with a bituminous coal enables the UBC to be used with a low ash melting point without any ash deposition problems in a practical boiler. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による廃潤滑油の再生処理 Open Access

義家亮, 植木保明, 三輪高裕, 成瀬一郎

日本機械学会論文集Ｂ編 78 巻 ( 789 ) 頁： 1048 - 1052 2012年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会

A process to recover base oil from waste lubricating oil is proposed in this study, which is based on solvent extraction with membrane. In this process, organic solvent is circulated in a closed loop, leading to a resource saving. Residue consists of only impurities in waste lubricating oil, such as suspended particles, aqueous droplets, soot and tar, leading to a waste reducing. This process includes a fractional distillation, too, but it is for separating out organic solvent from oils. Then, temperature for fractional distillation is lower than 100 °C, leading to an energy saving. Rubber film is utilized as membrane, whose polymer network structure works as filter to separate impurities from oil dissolved in solvent. In order to verify the feasibility of this process, effect of extraction period, solvent volume and extraction temperature on both yield and quality of the extracted oil was experimentally estimated. © 2012 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.78.1048

Open Access

国際協力機構・インドネシア高等教育開発計画プロジェクトに携わって

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 = Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 89 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 947 2010年10月

Reaction characteristic of woody biomass with CO<inf>2</inf>and H <inf>2</inf>O

Naruse I., Ueki Y., Isayama T., Shinba T., Kihedu J., Yoshiie R.

Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan 96 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 151 - 154 2010年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Objective in this study is to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics for carbonaceous resources. Effects of temperature and gaseous agents on the gasification characteristics of carbonaceous materials were experimentally and theoretically studied by the gasification of woody sawdust, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Results of the co-gasification of CO2 with H2O were compared by the gasification by a single gaseous agent such as CO2 or H2O. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature. CO concentration under the co-gasification condition produced more than that under the single gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergy effect was also elucidated theoretically by the simulation of reaction kinetics. The simulated temperature indicating the maximum synergy effect on CO formation agreed well with that obtained by the experiments.

乾燥下水汚泥燃焼域における窒素酸化物の生成・消滅特性とその機構 Open Access

成瀬一郎, 平林美和, 義家亮, 植木保昭

廃棄物資源循環学会論文誌 21 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 193 - 201 2010年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

乾燥下水汚泥の燃焼域における窒素酸化物，特にN2Oの生成・消滅特性について，その機構を明らかにすることを目的とし，窒素雰囲気下で熱分解実験および空気比1.2での燃焼実験をそれぞれ行った。乾燥汚泥粒子が電気炉内に供給されると，瞬時に粒子温度が上昇し膨潤して，バルーン構造のチャー粒子になることを観察した。これは，汚泥中可燃分の約7割が揮発分であることと高温で溶融しやすい炭素質であることによるものと考察している。N2Oは火炎帯内で生成し，その後，NOが生成した。これはN2Oが生成した後に生じるCOの酸化反応で生成するHラジカルによる分解やNOへの酸化が生じたことによる。汚泥中N分のN2Oへの転換率は炉壁温度の上昇とともに低下したが，NOへの転換率は上昇した。また，汚泥はN2Oが生成しやすいHCNを熱分解時に高濃度で生成するので，これが石炭から生成するN2Oよりも高くなっている理由であると考察する。

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.21.193

Open Access

木質バイオマスのＣＯ２およびＨ２Ｏとの反応特性

成瀬一郎, 植木保昭, 伊佐山勉, 榛葉貴紀, 義家亮

鉄と鋼 96 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 150 - 155 2010年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

Synopsis : Objective in this study is to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics for carbonaceous resources. Effects of temperature and gaseous agents on the gasification characteristics of carbonaceous materials were experimentally and theoretically studied by the gasification of woody sawdust, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Results of the co-gasification of CO2 with H2O were compared by the gasification by a single gaseous agent such as CO2 or H2O. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature. CO concentration under the co-gasification condition produced more than that under the single gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergy effect was also elucidated theoretically by the simulation of reaction kinetics. The simulated temperature indicating the maximum synergy effect on CO formation agreed well with that obtained by the experiments. © 2010, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.150