研究者詳細 - 成瀬　一郎

Products of High Temperature Gasification of ABS, PC and PE

NEDJALKOV Ivan, YOSHIIE Ryo, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

日本燃焼学会誌 58 巻 ( 186 ) 頁： 234 - 241 2016年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本燃焼学会

In this study a series of steam gasification experiments were performed on three thermoplastics - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyethylene (PE), in a batch reactor. The effects of steam flow rate and reactor temperature (600～1000℃.) on the amount of tar, soot and char have been studied. The results were then compared with those of Pyrolysis, from our previous study. In addition time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) analysis was performed to identify the fingerprints of several different tars. It was found out that steam addition has varying effects on each of the studied polymers. It had a positive effect on soot reduction in the case of ABS and PE; tar reduction in PE; and some char reduction in PC. Temperature increase was found to decrease the relative amount of tar while increasing char production. According to the TOF-MS data, the average molecular weight of tar increases with temperature increase.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.58.186_234

廃棄物発電設備の灰付着と腐食に関する現状と課題

長沼宏, 佐々木頼明, 成瀬一郎, 義家亮, 植木保昭, 二宮善彦, CHEN Juan, 野口学, 長洋光

日本エネルギー学会誌 95 巻 ( 11 ) 頁： 1089 - 1104 2016年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

廃棄物焼却プラントの熱交換器では管表面にごみ中の灰が付着し，伝熱阻害や運転障害，高温腐食などの問題を引き起こす可能性がある。それらの課題解決に向けて，著者らは灰付着・高温腐食低減を可能とする伝熱管の表面改質技術開発に関する基礎的な研究を実施した。本報では，廃棄物焼却炉内での灰付着・高温腐食の機構についてレビューするとともに，本研究で実施した分析・熱力学平衡計算結果によって腐食機構を考察した。また，最近の灰付着・腐食の測定・評価方法や従来提案されている課題解決策を整理し，解決策の有効性や実現性について評価した。

DOI： 10.3775/jie.95.1089

廃棄物焼却における初期熱分解の挙動

井寺涼, 義家亮, 成瀬一郎, 植木保昭

環境工学総合シンポジウム講演論文集 2016.26 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 304 2016年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会

In order to incinerate heterogeneous fuel such as waste products completely, high excess air ratio was traditionally applied to the burning zone in the incinerator. However, from viewpoints of heat recovery efficiency and flue gas treatment, low excess air ratio at high temperature has been becoming more popular for the waste incinerator year by year. Meanwhile, technologies for NOx emission control should be stricter since high temperature and flame instability under low excess air incineration conditions intend to extend NOx formation. In this study, initial pyrolysis behaviors of wastes in their incineration processes were analyzed to investigate their contributions to NOx formations.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2016.26.304

充填層ガス化炉における木質バイオマスのガス化およびタール生成・分解挙動

植木保昭, 山田淳司, 布目陽子, 義家亮, 成瀬一郎

動力・エネルギー技術の最前線講演論文集 : シンポジウム 2016.21 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： E224 2016年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会

Recently, the issue of global environment becomes worse and it is caused by greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. Woody biomass attracts attention since it is a renewable energy source and carbon-neutral. One of the promising methods for energy conversion from woody biomass is gasification technology. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gasification behavior of woody biomass and formation/decomposition behavior of tar in the packed-bed gasifier. Gasification experiments (downdraft gasification) were carried out by using the packed-bed gasifier. In this study, pellets of black pine were fed intermittently and using air as the gasification agent. In the gasification experiments, the temperature distribution and the gas compositions in the gasifier were measured during gasification, and the amount of tar in the gasified gas was measured.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmepes.2016.21.e224

膜分離溶媒抽出を用いた廃潤滑油再生手法の開発

義家亮, 片岡直也, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

廃棄物資源循環学会論文誌 27 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 37 - 43 2016年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

現在，潤滑油は多岐の産業分野にわたって使用されており，国内で年間80 万 kLの廃潤滑油が発生しているが，再生潤滑油としての再生割合は約 2 %に留まる。本研究で提案する膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出は，溶媒抽出の際に使用する有機溶媒のほぼ100 %がプロセス内で循環するため省資源であるうえ，残渣は廃油中の不純物成分のみであることから廃棄物を低減できる。本研究ではこの膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による再生手法の実証を目指す基盤研究として，廃油・溶媒を連続供給する連続処理装置の構築，2 種類の廃潤滑油を用いた連続運転におけるプロセスの評価および再生基油の品質評価を行った。評価項目として硫黄，残留炭素，動粘度，炭素数分布，水分の測定を行った。15 時間に達する連続運転において再生基油抽出が定常状態に達し，また再生基油の品質も15 時間の抽出において顕著な低下はみられず，十分に再利用可能な品質であることが確認できた。

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.27.37

Use of Soft Plasma Ionization Source at Evacuated Air Atmospheres in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Suppress Fragmentation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Nunome Yoko, Park Hyunkook, Kodama Kenji, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Lee Sang C., Kitagawa Kuniyuki, Wagatsuma Kazuaki, Naruse Ichiro

SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS 48 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 436 - 440 2015年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Spectroscopy Letters

This study describes a measuring system for mass spectrometry, consisting of a glow discharge ionization source for soft plasma ionization and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, to detect toxic volatile organic compounds rapidly and easily. It is the most important to determine how the complicated fragmentation of such compounds can be suppressed to occur so as to recognize the mass spectra of the volatile organic compounds as their fingerprints. The novelty of this work is that the optimal discharge condition for the soft plasma ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometer system could be selected, so that the parent mass peak of analyte molecules could be observed both with high sensitivity and with little or no fragmentation of them. Use of air gas at a pressure of 1000 Pa provided the most favorable result for these criteria, whereas, in a previous report, the soft plasma ionization source operating with argon at a pressure of 346 Pa had yielded additional mass peaks of the fragmented species. The reason for this would be explained by the fact that energetic electrons in the plasma, which principally cause the fragmentation of the volatile organic compounds, have lower number density at higher gas pressures, through de-accelerated collisions with the plasma gas.

DOI： 10.1080/00387010.2014.905962

模擬バイオマスと石炭との水蒸気共ガス化反応における相乗効果

義家亮, Joseph KIHEDU, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

日本燃焼学会誌 57 巻 ( 179 ) 頁： 21 - 26 2015年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本燃焼学会

Lignin and cellulose chemicals were used as artificial biomass components to make-up a simulated biomass. Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) as well as volatile matter contents in these chemicals were much different from each other. Co-gasification of coal with simulated biomass shows improved conversion characteristics in comparison to the average calculated from separate conversion of coal and simulated biomass. Two conversion synergetic peaks were observed whereby the first peak occurred around 400 °C while the second one occurred above 800 °C. Although co-gasification of coal with lignin that has high AAEM content also shows two synergy peaks, the one at higher temperature is dominant. Co-gasification of coal with cellulose shows only a single synergy peak around 400 °C indicating that synergy at low temperature is related with interaction of volatiles. Investigation of morphology changes during gasification of lignin and coal, suggests that their low reactivity is associated with their solid shape maintained even at high temperature.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.57.179_21

P-05 木質バイオマスを用いた酸化鉄の還元特性解明(熱分解,Poster Session)

若田俊輔, 義家亮, 布目陽子, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

バイオマス科学会議発表論文集 9 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 62 - 63 2014年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

The iron making process, especially pig iron making process discharges the huge amount of CO_2 because coke made from coal is used as a reductant. For this reason, steel industry discharges the largest amount of CO_2 and it occupies about 13% in Japanese emission. This paper focused the woody biomass substitute for coke in pig iron making process and studied reduction characteristics of iron oxide when heated iron oxide and woody biomass mixed sample in N_2 atmosphere. In addition, we aim to clarify the reduction characteristics of iron oxide by volatile matters in woody biomass.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_62

Regeneration of Used Alkali Carbonates for Gaseous Sulfur Removal in a Gasification System

Raharjo Slamet, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS 27 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 2762 - 2766 2013年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is expected to play an important role as one of a number of highly efficient conversion technologies for carbonaceous resources. However, it is vital to remove as much H 2S and COS as possible. Our previous study suggested that the molten alkali carbonates of 43 mol of Na2CO3 + 57 mol of K 2CO3 can completely adsorb them at 1173 K to form alkali sulfides. Furthermore, to enhance the overall efficiency in the gasification system, the regeneration characteristics of the used alkali carbonates should be studied. Therefore, the current study works on that issue. The optimum regeneration condition for experiments was estimated by chemical equilibrium software, FactSage 6.2, prior to the regeneration experiments. Chemical equilibrium calculations suggested that a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam could regenerate the used alkali carbonates. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated tube reactor using a mixture of CO2 and steam as the regeneration agent. As a result, the remaining sulfur in solid after regeneration experiments was around 5 mass % of the total sulfur content in the raw sample at an optimum temperature range of 650-773 K. It is expected that around 95% of alkali sulfides was converted back to alkali carbonates. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ef400219q

Reduction mechanisms of ash deposition in coal and/or biomass combustion boilers

Naganuma Hiroshi, Ikeda Nobuya, Ito Tadashi, Matsuura Mikio, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL 106 巻頁： 303 - 309 2013年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Fuel

Some ash particles in solid fuels adhere on heat exchanger tube surfaces inside coal and/or biomass combustion boilers. The authors have already proposed a surface treatment on tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, to reduce ash deposition. Understanding reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition is necessary to evaluate effects of the surface treatment technique on the reduction of ash deposition. The reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition were elucidated due to physical and chemical aspects, measuring adhesion forces between the ash particles and some alloy specimens of the tube at high temperature under the simulated boiler conditions. As a result, the adhesion force increased with time and depended on both the ash types and the alloy specimens. The thermal spraying of Ni-alloy, in particular, could reduce the adhesion force. Moreover interface reactions between the ash particles and the alloy specimen played an effective role in increasing the adhesion force, alkali metal compounds in the ash samples also related to an increase of the adhesion force. Fe, which was one of the main alloy elements, diffused into the ash deposition layer beyond the interface. This observation result suggested that the interface reactions of the ash particles with the alloy caused an increase of the adhesion force. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.017

Reaction behavior during heating biomass materials and iron oxide composites

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ohno Ko-ichiro, Maeda Takayuki, Nishioka Kold, Shimizu Masakata

FUEL 104 巻頁： 58 - 61 2013年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Fuel

Effective utilization of biomass materials as a reducing agent in the ironmaking process is one of the key technologies for environmental protection. In this work, in order to study the possibility of effective use of woody biomass as a reducing agent in the carbon composite method, we carried out experiments of the thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of mixture of woody powder and iron oxide. Conversion ratio into H2 from woody powder was almost the same between thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of the mixture sample. Conversion ratio into CO by reduction was larger than that by thermal decomposition. The final reduction degrees of mixture samples at the temperature from 1273 to 1573 K were 100%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.019

The mechanism of gravity shedding of ash deposits in coal fired boiler

Sato N., Ueno S., Aramaki H., Nunome Y., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I.

30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013 5 巻頁： 4053 - 4060 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the gravity shedding mechanisms of ash deposits experimentally. A horizontal furnace, which could simulate the temperature profile in practical boilers, was used in this experiment. The pulverized coal was burned in this furnace. The typical bituminous coal was selected as a sample coal. The gravity shedding of ash deposits was observed, inserting a water-cooling tube into the furnace during combustion. After the experiments, the cross-sectional surface of the water-cooling tube was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscopy. The ash deposits before shedding were found to be between 2 and 3 mm thick. The ash deposits near the metal surface consisted of ash particles, while the surface of the ash deposits partly consisted of lightly sintered ash particles. After shedding, the remaining ash layer was found to be 500 μm thick on the tube surface.

微粉炭ボイラにおける灰付着低減技術の開発(Session 1)

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集 22 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： vi - vii 2013年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

In order to enhance net power generation efficiency obtained by pulverized coal fired boilers more, it is necessary to fundamentally develop reduction technologies of ash deposit during operation. The thermal coating technology on surfaces of heat exchanger tubes was applied to reduce the ash deposit during coal combustion in this study. Such several tests as the ash melting experiments at high temperature, the deposition experiments of ash particles and the measurements of deposition force after long-term keeping under the simulated boiler condition were carried out. Consequently, the Ni alloy specimen was selected as the best coating material to control the ash deposit. Finally, that coating material was also tested in practical boilers and showed the good performance on the reduction of ash deposit.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_vi

固体燃料の利用技術と環境

成瀬一郎

日本燃焼学会誌 55 巻 ( 172 ) 頁： 87 - 93 2013年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本燃焼学会

According to the supply trend of primary energy resources, the resources of such fossil fuels as oil, natural gas and coal have still been consumed steadily worldwide. Among those fossil fuels, the coal resource has the highest ratio of reserves to production. On the other hand, the global environmental issues have strongly been focused recently. In these points of view, the coal must be utilized efficiently and ecologically as well as carbon neutral resources like biomass and solid wastes should also be utilized more effectively. The coal, biomass and solid wastes are generally categorized as solid fuel. Even for the biomass, it is necessary to convert it high-efficiently and environment-friendly. However, those solid fuels have not only their own structural difficulties, but also compositional diversity. In order to solve those difficulties, the harmonization between the theory or model and the social needs is necessary, and the interdisciplinary cooperation will also be effective.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.55.172_87

Volatilization characteristics of boron compounds during coal combustion

Noda Naoki, Ito Shigeo, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE 34 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 2831 - 2838 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

Boron behavior during coal combustion was studied experimentally and theoretically. Seven types of coal with different boron concentrations were pyrolyzed or burned, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In order to understand the effect of coal type on the boron component of ash, chemical equilibrium calculations were made to determine which boron compounds contributed to forming the boron compounds found in the ash particles. Additionally, XAFS analyses were also carried out to evaluate the results obtained by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Some boron compounds in coal were volatilized, and others remained in the molten coal ash after combustion. Both the chemical equilibrium calculations of the boron compounds under the combustion condition and the boron analysis of the ash particles by the XAFS suggested that the boron compound contained in the ash was mainly B 2O3. The boron compounds were concentrated in the molten slag during combustion. The enrichment of boron into the ash as particles was related to the amount of slag formed. The index, (Base/Acid ratio) × (Ash content), correlates well with the volatilization fraction of boron even in the actual power plants. © 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.018

膜分離溶媒抽出による廃潤滑油の再生手法

片岡直也, 義家亮, 成瀬一郎, 植木保昭, 布目陽子

廃棄物資源循環学会研究発表会講演集 24 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 355 2013年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

現在，潤滑油は多岐の産業分野にわたって使用されており，国内で年間84万kLの廃潤滑油が発生しているが，再生潤滑油としての再生割合は約6％に留まる．本研究で提案する膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出は，溶媒抽出の際に使用する有機溶媒のほぼ100％がプロセス内で循環するため省資源であり，残渣は廃油中の不純物成分のみであることから廃棄物を低減できる．本研究ではこの膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による再生手法の実証を目指す基盤研究として，セミバッチ試験による膜分離溶媒抽出のモデル化および，廃油・溶媒を連続供給する連続処理装置の構築，長時間の運転におけるプロセスの評価を行った．モデル化に際して，Kedem-Katchalskyの式を用いることで，膜内への溶媒の侵入を考慮した膜分離溶媒抽出のモデルを構成することができた．また，連続抽出装置を構築し，連続運転条件において900minの長時間抽出を行うことができた．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.24.0_355

No.62 固体酸化物燃料電池における微量成分による劣化挙動解明(灰・微量元素(2))

資源・エネルギー

成瀬一郎, 神原信志, 汲田幹夫, 大友順一郎, 坂田興, 野田玲治, 義家亮

化学工学 = Chemical engineering 76 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 620 - 627 2012年10月

笈田晃行, 義家亮, 成瀬一郎, 植木保昭, 布目陽子

石炭科学会議発表論文集 49 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 120 - 121 2012年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

In recent years, protections of environmental pollution and global warming are most important issues to discuss the world energy use. Efficient and clean use of fossil energy resources in the world has been increasing in importance. Coal is produced all over the world also, and it amount of reserves is larger than any other fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, etc.). Consequently, IGFC (Integrated gasification fuel cell combined cycle) has been attracting attention as one of efficient coal utilization. However, trace elements in coal are emitted to coal syn-gas in vapor phase, and affect fuel cell electrodes to deteriorate their performances. In this study, we assess the effect of trace element in syn-gas on SOFC power generation. We have tested a button cell in 900℃ for about 20 hours with simulated gas doped vapor As and Se.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.49.0_120

Reduction of ash deposition in pulverized coal fired boilers

Naruse I., Yoshiie R., Ueki Y., Matsuura M., Naganuma H.

Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion 頁： 517 - 522 2012年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion

This study proposes reduction technology of ash deposition on the heat exchanger tube in pulverized coal fired (PCF) boilers. Thermal spraying technique is adopted to change the surface properties of tube to reduce the ash deposition. As a result, Ni alloy as a thermal spraying material played an effective role to reduce the deposition under both the ash deposition experiments and the actual coal combustion experiments. However, it is necessary to change ash types in order to evaluate that the thermal spraying technology is universally useful or not. If this technology will be applied to the commercialized PCF boilers, additionally, the effectiveness for the long-term will also be studied as well as the theoretical elucidation on the reduction of ash deposition must be discussed. In this study, therefore, four types of coal ash with different melting points were tested as samples for the ash deposition experiments. The long-term ash adhesion experiments were also carried out, using a precise tension tester at high temperature. As the theoretical approaches, the compositions of each ash particle depositing on the tube surface were analyzed by a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector, thereby the interfacial reactions between the ash deposition layer and the heat exchanger tube were discussed. Those results obtained were also compared to the results obtained by the thermal equilibrium calculations. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.