Faculty Profiles - SAITO Ryuta

Papers - SAITO Ryuta

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A successful case of surgical embolectomy for acute large vessel occlusion after thoracic endovascular aortic repair Open Access

Muramatsu Yusuke, Fuse Yutaro, Ota Shinji, Nakamura Shigekazu, Kurimoto Futoshi, Watanabe Kazuhiko, Saito Ryuta

Japanese Journal of Stroke Vol. 44 ( 6 ) page： 664 - 669 2022

Language：Japanese Publisher：The Japan Stroke Society

<p>Here, we report a case of acute MCA occlusion in a patient who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for a thoracic aortic aneurysm 2 years ago. An 83-year-old man presented with sudden right hemiparesis and aphasia. CT with contrast revealed occlusion of the left MCA, and MRI revealed mild hyperintense signals in the left MCA area. The aortic arch stent graft partially overlapped the origin of the left common carotid artery on the contrast CT. Therefore, we decided not to perform mechanical thrombectomy via the transaortic approach. Instead, the patient underwent a surgical embolectomy with frontotemporal craniotomy. His symptoms improved remarkably, and he was discharged with only mild aphasia, dysarthria, and disorientation. In a case where mechanical thrombectomy via the transaortic approach is expected to be difficult, surgical embolectomy can be an alternative choice.</p>

DOI： 10.3995/jstroke.11028

Delayed Recurrence of Choroid Plexus Carcinoma in the Sacral Spinal Cord 17 Years after Its Initial Presentation Open Access

Arata NAGAI, Masayuki KANAMORI, Yoshiteru SHIMODA, Mika WATANABE, Ryuta SAITO, Toshihiro KUMABE, Toshimi AIZAWA, Teiji TOMINAGA

NMC Case Report Journal Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 301 - 306 2022

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Neurosurgical Society

Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare malignant tumors of neuro-ectodermal origin, accounting for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. The recurrence rates of CPCs are very high and typically occur in the short-term following surgery, even after gross total removal. Here we present a rare case of CPC with spinal metastasis, which occurred long after its initial presentation. A 25-year-old woman with a history of increased intracranial pressure underwent resection for a tumor of the fourth ventricle, with a histopathological diagnosis of CPC. After tumor resection, she received 30 Gy of radiation therapy to the craniospinal axis and 20 Gy to the primary site, followed by nimustine hydrochloride chemotherapy. The residual lesion completely responded to these treatments. She suffered sensory loss in the sacral region 13 years later, followed by refractory skin ulcer in the sacral region 17 years after the initial treatments. Magnetic resonance imaging at 17 years after the initial treatments showed tumor in the sacral region, which was enlarged upon follow-up after 18 months, causing incontinence and loss of urinary intention. She underwent tumor resection, with a histological diagnosis of recurrent CPC. She received salvage re-irradiation. This case shows that CPC can spread via the cerebrospinal fluid pathways and cause spinal metastasis, with relatively slow clinical course. The present case suggests that patients with CPCs may need long-term follow-up imaging of the total neural axis to identify late recurrence at both the primary site and spinal metastasis.

DOI： 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0056

Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Arachnoiditis Ossificans Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report. Open Access

Yoshitaka Nagashima, Yusuke Nishimura, Hiroshi Ito, Tomoya Nishii, Takahiro Oyama, Ryuta Saito

NMC case report journal Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 295 - 299 2022

Language：English Publisher：The Japan Neurosurgical Society

Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare disease, wherein ossified lesions in the subarachnoid space obstruct the flow of spinal fluid or compress the spinal cord, thereby causing myelopathy. Here we describe a rare case of AO and discuss the diagnosis and treatment strategies for this disease. A 66-year-old man with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage presented with gait disturbance and dysuria for 7 months. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) myelography showed syringomyelia at the T5-T8 level and dorsally tethered spinal cord at the T8-T10 level. Preoperative noncontrast CT was not performed. The patient was diagnosed with adhesive arachnoiditis and underwent arachnoidolysis. However, intraoperative findings showed the presence of ossification lesions on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord, and intraoperative ultrasound (IOU) showed a hyperintense lesion with acoustic shadowing on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord, with limited visibility of the spinal cord. After removal of the lesions, IOU showed untethered and well-decompressed spinal cord and restoration of cerebrospinal fluid pulsation. Based on these findings, the patient was finally diagnosed with AO, which is an extremely rare disease, with an unknown frequency of occurrence. Therefore, all patients with adhesive spinal arachnoiditis require a preoperative noncontrast CT scan to evaluate for ossification lesions. In this case, we were fortunate to be able to treat AO with IOU, which demonstrated specific findings.

DOI： 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0036

Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Mimicking a Brain Tumor on Methionine-positron Emission Tomography: A Case Report. Open Access

Taketo Hanyu, Masahiro Nishihori, Takashi Izumi, Kazuya Motomura, Fumiharu Ohka, Shunsaku Goto, Yoshio Araki, Kinya Yokoyama, Kenji Uda, Ryuta Saito

NMC case report journal Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 289 - 294 2022

Language：English Publisher：The Japan Neurosurgical Society

In this article, we report a case wherein a brain tumor was suspected based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings. We made an initial diagnosis of malignant brain tumor based on methionine-positron emission tomography (PET) findings, but the correct diagnosis was dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). The patient was a 45-year-old man with DAVF who developed headache. Methionine-PET imaging showed high methionine uptake in the lesion. Although the tumor was strongly suspected from the findings of methionine-PET, the diagnosis of DAVF could be made correctly only by interpreting digital subtraction angiography and computed tomographic angiography. The findings of methionine-PET, which is considered useful in the diagnosis and denial of brain tumors, made the diagnosis of DAVF more difficult. The increased uptake of methionine-PET in DAVF is an important finding because, to our knowledge, this study is the first to report such finding. The results of this study might be useful for differential diagnoses when the diagnosis is uncertain.

DOI： 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0055

Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suggested a Possibility of Transvenous Embolization in the Superior Petrosal Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report. Open Access

Masahiro Nishihori, Takashi Izumi, Tetsuya Tsukada, Yutaka Kato, Kenji Uda, Kinya Yokoyama, Yoshio Araki, Ryuta Saito

Journal of neuroendovascular therapy Vol. 16 ( 3 ) page： 163 - 169 2022

Language：English Publisher：The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy

OBJECTIVE: Superior petrosal sinus dural arteriovenous fistula (SPS-DAVF) is a rare subtype of intracranial DAVF that sometimes leads to hemorrhagic symptoms following deep venous drainage. Here we report the case of SPS-DAVF with retrograde venous reflux to the cerebellar vein. Preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI was a decisive factor in a safe and effective treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with abnormal MRI findings, which was performed when she had a mild headache during her check-up. DSA revealed left-sided SPS-DAVF, which was diagnosed as Cognard type IIb. Both CTA and DSA could not detect the whole SPS but only the shunt pouch. Using contrast-enhanced MRI, we were able to visualize the presence of the SPS and its continuity within the shunt pouch. 3D-T1 turbo spin echo (SPACE) showed a low-intensity area in the SPS, which was not seen in the 3D-T1 fast field echo (FFE). During the procedure, there was a point where it was difficult to advance the microcatheter, which coincided with the low-intensity area. We achieved effective transvenous embolization from the occluded venous access by devising a surgical technique. CONCLUSION: In addition to the contrast-enhanced 3D-T1 FFE, 3D-T1 SPACE might provide beneficial information for endovascular therapy in the evaluation of venous sinuses, which could not be detected by standard examinations.

DOI： 10.5797/jnet.cr.2021-0029

Atypical Incomplete Detachment Following PulseRider Deployment. Open Access

Shunsaku Goto, Takashi Izumi, Masahiro Nishihori, Yoshio Araki, Kinya Yokoyama, Kenji Uda, Ryuta Saito

Journal of neuroendovascular therapy Vol. 16 ( 8 ) page： 409 - 412 2022

Language：English Publisher：The Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy

OBJECTIVE: Owing to the limited time since the introduction of the PulseRider (PR), inconsequential or rare complications that clinicians should be aware of remain unreported yet. Here, we report a rare complication of incomplete detachment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old male underwent PR-assisted coil embolization for a basilar tip aneurysm. Coiling was completed, and the detachment procedure was performed using a detachment machine; the success signal was observed. The delivery microcatheter was subsequently advanced back up to the proximal markers, and no reapproximation of the proximal markers, which indicates successful detachment, was observed. However, only one of the proximal markers returned to the microcatheter, and incomplete detachment of only one leg was detected. Ultimately, electrical detachment was not possible, and physical separation by tension was achieved. CONCLUSION: Our case report presents a rare case of a detachment problem in the PR. The PR could not be detached, although the signal revealed successful detachment. Therefore, careful withdrawal of the delivery wire by checking not only the proximal markers but also the behavior of the entire PR and coil complex is important.

DOI： 10.5797/jnet.cr.2021-0095

A Case of Isolated ACTH Deficiency with Suspected Origin from Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Saito Tsuyoshi, Yoshida Mitsuhiro, Nakabayashi Kiyo, Aimi Yuri, Ishida Mamoru, Hamasaki Hajime, Terao Kazuichi, Nakajima Shoko, Nawashiro Tomoki, Saito Ryuta

Spinal Surgery Vol. 36 ( 1 ) page： 88 - 93 2022

Language：Japanese Publisher：The Japanese Society of Spinal Surgery

<p> The patient was a 46-year-old man who presented with fatigue for 6 months. His activities of daily living (ADL) gradually worsened and he was transported to our hospital’s emergency room because of difficulty in walking due to muscle weakness in the extremities. His weight had decreased by 20 kg in 6 months, and he was almost bedridden. Upon arrival, he presented with emaciation, hypotension, and muscle weakness predominantly in the proximal portions. However, he showed no clumsiness in the hands, pain, sensory disorders, or bladder-rectal disturbances. Only Hoffman’s reflex was positive. Deep tendon reflexes were almost normal in his upper limbs but flaccid in his lower limbs. The Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was 14/17. Images of the cervical spine showed a developmental narrow canal, cervical spondylotic changes at C4-7 levels, and cervical spinal cord compression with myelomalacia at C4-6 levels. These findings suggested cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, laboratory data showed mild hyponatremia (sodium 135 mmol/L) and hypothyroidism (free thyroxine [T4] 1.00 ng/ml, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] 6.62 µIU/ml). Based on radiology, endocrinology, and neurology consultations, the patient was diagnosed with an isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Hydrocortisone (20 mg/day) administration dramatically improved his symptoms and ADL. The JOA score improved to 17/17 over a few months, and the patient returned to his daily life. He has been followed-up without surgery until now.</p><p> Several differential diagnoses other than CSM involve muscle weakness of the extremities. Even if there is a clear cervical spine lesion on imaging, it is important to consider whether it is a lesion actually responsible for the symptoms. Cooperation with other departments is also necessary. In particular, if a patient has endocrine diseases, such as in this case, it can cause fatal complications during surgery. Therefore, we should pay attention to these patients and initiate prophylactic measures if the patient needs surgery.</p>

DOI： 10.2531/spinalsurg.36.88

Laminectomy triggers symptomatic growth of spinal schwannoma in a patient with schwannomatosis. International journal Open Access

Takahiro Oyama, Yusuke Nishimura, Yoshitaka Nagashima, Tomoya Nishii, Masahito Hara, Masakazu Takayasu, Ayako Sakakibara, Ryuta Saito

Surgical neurology international Vol. 13 page： 261 - 261 2022

Language：English

BACKGROUND: Schwannomatosis (SWN) is genetically similar to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and represents a NF2 gene mutation. Previous studies have shown that these mutations in both neurons and Schwann cells can lead to the development of schwannomas after nerve crush injuries. Here, we reviewed the potential pathoanatomical mechanisms for the development of a trauma-induced spinal schwannomas in a 55-year-old male with SWN. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 49-year-old male had originally undergone a L3-L5 lumbar laminectomy for stenosis; the schwannomas seen on the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were not resected. Now at age 55, he newly presented with low back pain and numbness in the left L5 dermatome, and he was diagnosed with an L4 vertebral level cauda equina tumor on MRI. Following gross-total resection, the histopathological assessment revealed a Ki-67 labeling index 5-10% in hotspots (i.e., slightly higher than the normal range of schwannomas) and a 20% mosaic loss of SMARCB1. Based on these criteria, he was diagnosed as having SWN. CONCLUSION: In this patient with SWN, compression/physical trauma to nerves of the cauda equina during the L3-L5 laminectomy 6 years ago likely caused the progression of schwannoma.

DOI： 10.25259/SNI_453_2022

The preoperative focal cerebral blood flow status may be associated with slow flow in the bypass graft after combined surgery for moyamoya disease Reviewed Open Access

Yoshio Araki, Kinya Yokoyama, Kenji Uda, Fumiaki Kanamori, Takashi Mamiya, Kai Takayanagi, Kazuki Ishii, Kazunori Shintai, Masahiro Nishihori, Tetsuya Tsukada, Kazuhito Takeuchi, Kuniaki Tanahashi, Yuichi Nagata, Yusuke Nishimura, Takafumi Tanei, Yoshitaka Nagashima, Shinsuke Muraoka, Takashi Izumi, Yukio Seki, Ryuta Saito

Surg Neurol Int Vol. 13 page： 511 2022

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between early postoperative slow flow in bypass grafts and preoperative focal cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients who underwent combined surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods: The subjects were 18 patients (22 surgeries) who underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before surgery. The CBF value of the middle cerebral artery territory was extracted from the SPECT data, and the value relative to the ipsilateral cerebellar CBF (relative CBF, or RCBF) was calculated. The association between RCBF and early postoperative slow flow in the bypass graft was investigated. In addition, the correlation between the revascularization effect and preoperative RCBF was analyzed. Results: In four of 22 surgeries (18.2%), slow flow in the bypass graft was identified in the early postoperative period. Preoperative RCBF in the slow flow and patent groups was 0.86 ± 0.15 and 0.87 ± 0.15, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.72). The signal intensity of four slow-flowed bypasses was improved in all cases on magnetic resonance angiography images captured during the chronic phase (mean of 3.3 months postoperatively). The revascularization scores were 2 ± 0.82 and 2.1 ± 0.68 in the slow flow and patent groups, respectively, and did not differ significantly (P = 0.78). A significant correlation was not observed between preoperative RCBF and the revascularization effect. Conclusion: No significant association was observed between preoperative RCBF and early postoperative slow flow in bypass grafts in patients with MMD undergoing combined surgery. Given the high rate of improved depiction of slow-flowed bypass in the chronic postoperative phase, the conceptual significance of an opportune surgical intervention is to maintain CBF by supporting the patient's own intracranial-extracranial conversion function.

DOI： 10.25259/SNI_772_2022

Downward penetrating endplate screw technique under O-arm navigation posterior fusion in patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. International journal Open Access

Daimon Shiraishi, Yu Yamamoto, Ishii Motonori, Yusuke Nishimura, Masahito Hara, Ryuta Saito, Masakazu Takayasu

Surgical neurology international Vol. 13 page： 436 - 436 2022

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: A downward penetrating endplate screw (PES) technique combined with caudal anchor screws inserted in the upward direction under O-arm navigation (i.e., crossing screw technique) avoided screw backout and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in three patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). METHODS: The PES techniques were utilized for patients with T12 (one patient) and L1 (two patients) spontaneous fusion across the targeted vertebrae, with minimal damage to the involved endplates/intervertebral discs. The average number of instrumented vertebrae was 5.3. RESULTS: There were no perioperative complications over the mean follow-up period of 28.7 months; no screw loosening, and no PJK. CONCLUSION: The PES technique prevented screw backout, and PJK in three patients with lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures and DISH.

DOI： 10.25259/SNI_762_2022

Current Clinical Applications of Three-dimensional Printing in Spine Surgery and Education

Nagashima Yoshitaka, Nishimura Yusuke, Akahori Sho, Takeuchi Kazuhito, Uda Kenji, Ito Hiroshi, Saito Ryuta

Spinal Surgery Vol. 36 ( 3 ) page： 296 - 301 2022

Language：Japanese Publisher：The Japanese Society of Spinal Surgery

<p> The clinical applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing in the field of spine surgery and education have recently begun to progress. Technological advances have made it relatively inexpensive and easy to create 3D models. Herein, we explain how to construct a full-scale model using a 3D printer, and review articles on the current clinical applications and limitations. Creation of a 3D model based on the patient’s radiographic image data facilitates understanding of the complicated anatomy. This model enables improvements in visual understanding, preoperative surgical planning, and gives the surgeon a training opportunity. Furthermore, 3D printer technology can also be useful during surgery, and 3D printed surgical guidance systems have previously been successfully used for spine surgery. 3D printing patient-specific guides and templates are highly useful to facilitate safe screw insertion. In addition, 3D printers can be used to create patient-specific implants.</p>

DOI： 10.2531/spinalsurg.36.296

覚醒下手術中痙攣発作コントロールにおけるレベチラセタム・ペランパネル併用療法の有効性について

本村和也, 齋藤竜太

神経治療学 Vol. 39 ( 4 ) page： 655 - 655 2022

Scurvy with non-traumatic epidural hematoma: a case report

Takido Yuhei, Nagakura Masamune, Kato Mihoko, Saito Ryuta

Nervous System in Children Vol. 47 ( 3 ) page： 309 - 313 2022

Language：Japanese Publisher：The Japanese Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

<p>Scurvy due to Vit.C deficiency was widely prevalent in the world during the Age of Discovery. It reduces strength of vessel wall and causes bleeding. Nowadays, it is a rare and uncommon disease. We present a case of epidural hematoma associated with scurvy.</p><p> A 4-year-old girl admitted to our hospital with symptoms of difficulty in walking, leg pain, and bleeding from the swelled gums lasting 2.5 months. The blood cell count, hemogram and coagulation factors in laboratory data were normal. She had a headache without obvious trauma. CT scanning revealed an epidural hematoma in the right frontal region. A removal of epidural hematoma with hemostasis was performed. Re-bleeding did not occur after surgery, but the anemia was progressed. Other symptoms had also gotten worse. An interview about her daily meal revealed she was extremely picky eater. As the serum Vit.C concentration was quite low, she was finally diagnosed with scurvy. After starting oral administration of Vit.C, her symptoms quickly improved.</p><p> In modern times, it is extremely rare to experience nutritional disorders in developed country. However, mal-nutrition can be occur due to some reason like this case. Intracranial hemorrhage without history of underlying disease or trauma and accompanied with multi-organ findings may be caused by nutritional disorders.</p>

DOI： 10.34544/jspn.47.3_309

Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression and balloon kyphoplasty to decompress lumber canal stenosis aggravated by osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A technical note. International journal Open Access

Yoshitaka Nagashima, Yusuke Nishimura, Motonori Ishii, Tomoya Nishii, Nobuhisa Fukaya, Takahiro Oyama, Takashi Abe, Hiroyuki Kato, Eisuke Tsukamoto, Takafumi Tanei, Ryuta Saito

Surgical neurology international Vol. 13 page： 538 - 538 2022

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) associated with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) remains unclear. Here, we have combined a minimally invasive unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) alone with balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) for LCS aggravated by OVF. METHODS: ULBD with BKP was performed in three patients who showed LCS associated with OVFs on MR images with progressive lower extremity neurological deficits. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. Radiological outcomes were evaluated using multiple parameters (i.e., fractured vertebral body height, lumbar lordosis [LL], and focal angle of the fractured vertebral body). RESULTS: Over 6 postoperative months, the NRS and JOA scores were clearly improved while radiological parameters remained maintained (i.e., loss of fractured vertebral body height was only 0.3-1.4 mm in all cases). Two of the three cases showed restoration of LL and focal angle postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The combination of ULBD with BKP is an effective option for LCS aggravated by OVF.

DOI： 10.25259/SNI_971_2022

11C-methionine- and 18F-FDG-PET double-negative metastatic brain tumor from lung adenocarcinoma with paradoxical high 18F-FDG uptake: A case report. International journal Open Access

Kuniaki Tanahashi, Masaki Hirano, Lushun Chalise, Takahiko Tsugawa, Yuka Okumura, Tetsunari Hase, Fumiharu Ohka, Kazuya Motomura, Kazuhito Takeuchi, Yuichi Nagata, Norimoto Nakahara, Naozumi Hashimoto, Ryuta Saito

Surgical neurology international Vol. 13 page： 372 - 372 2022

Language：English

BACKGROUND: Imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-methionine (MET)-PET can delineate primary and metastatic brain tumors. Lesion size affects the sensitivity of both scans and histopathological features can also influence FDG-PET, but the effects on MET-PET have not been elucidated. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report an unusual case of metastatic brain tumors without accumulation of FDG or MET, contrasting with high FDG uptake in the primary lung lesion. The brain lesions were identified as adenocarcinoma with a more mucus-rich background, contributing to the indistinct accumulation of both FDG and MET. CONCLUSION: Histopathological characteristics can affect both MET and FDG accumulation, leading to findings contradicting those of the primary lesion.

DOI： 10.25259/SNI_264_2022

Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain following a Spinal Cord Lesion with Past Spinal Surgical Histories Using a Paddle Lead Placed on the Rostral Side of the Lesion: Report of Three Cases. Open Access

Nobuhisa Fukaya, Takafumi Tanei, Yusuke Nishimura, Masahito Hara, Nobuhiro Hata, Yoshitaka Nagashima, Satoshi Maesawa, Yoshio Araki, Ryuta Saito

NMC case report journal Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 349 - 355 2022

Language：English Publisher：The Japan Neurosurgical Society

Spinal cord parenchymal lesions may induce intractable neuropathic pain. However, the efficacy of conventional spinal cord stimulation for the neuropathic pain following spinal cord lesions remains to be controversial. In this study, we present three cases of spinal cord stimulation using a paddle lead at the rostral side of the spinal lesion causing pain symptoms. Good pain reductions were achieved using conventional stimulation in one case and using differential target multiplexed stimulation in two cases. Case 1: A 55-year-old man presented with neuropathic pain affecting his bilateral upper extremities due to a traumatic cervical spinal cord injury. Conventional stimulation via a paddle-type electrode was able to reduce the pain from 8 to 4 via a visual analog scale. Case 2: A 67-year-old man had undergone three spinal surgeries. He presented with pain and numbness of bilateral lower extremities due to a spinal cord lesion by thoracic disc herniation. Differential target multiplexed stimulation via a paddle-type electrode achieved excellent pain reduction, that is, from 9 to 2 on the visual analog scale. Case 3: An 80-year-old man presented with pain in his bilateral upper extremities due to a cervical spinal cord lesion caused by compression and spinal canal stenosis. Posterior cervical decompression and paddle-type electrode placement were performed simultaneously. Differential target multiplexed stimulation was able to achieve excellent pain reduction, from 7 to 2 on the visual analog scale. Spinal cord stimulation using a paddle lead at the rostral side of the spinal lesion and differential target multiplexed stimulation may provide significant opportunities for patients with intractable neuropathic pain following spinal cord lesions.

DOI： 10.2176/jns-nmc.2022-0218

Atypical radiographic case of arachnoid web without scalpel sign. International journal Open Access

Yoshitaka Nagashima, Yusuke Nishimura, Hiroshi Ito, Takahiro Oyama, Tomoya Nishii, Tomomi Gonda, Hiroyuki Kato, Ryuta Saito

Surgical neurology international Vol. 13 page： 108 - 108 2022

Language：English

BACKGROUND: Spinal arachnoid webs (SAW) occur when abnormally thickened bands of arachnoid membranes commonly located dorsal to the thoracic spine cause blockage of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, resulting in focal cord compression and myelopathy. The pathognomonic MR finding for SAW is the "positive scalpel sign" comprised of an enlarged dorsal CSF space with a normal ventral subarachnoid space. The main differential diagnostic consideration for SAW is idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH); however, for ISCH, MR studies classically demonstrate ventral displacement of the spinal cord through an anterior dural defect. Here, we describe a 60-year-old female with an atypical SAW at the T3-T4 level (i.e., the preoperative MR failed to demonstrate the "positive scalpel sign"). Nevertheless, at surgery, intraoperative ultrasonography confirmed that SAW was present and was decompressed/marsupialized/removed. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 60-year-old female presented with sensory impairment to both lower extremities. The thoracic MR images showed an enlarged dorsal CSF space at the T3-T4 level but without the "scalpel sign" suggesting "interruption" of CSF flow by thickened bands of focal dorsal arachnoidal tissues. Although the initial preoperative diagnosis was ISCH, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) confirmed the presence of a thickened arachnoid band, confirming the diagnosis of a SAW that was appropriately decompressed/resected. CONCLUSION: Correctly, establishing the preoperative diagnosis of a SAW based on MR imaging may sometimes be difficult as the typical "scalpel sign" may not be present in all patients. Notably, in cases like this one, IOUS may critically confirm the diagnosis of SAW thus leading to appropriate SAW decompression/removal.

DOI： 10.25259/SNI_179_2022

Clinical and Radiological Clues of Traumatic Craniocervical Junction Injuries Requiring Occipitocervical Fusion to Early Diagnosis. International journal Open Access

Daimon Shiraishi, Yusuke Nishimura, Isaac Aguirre-Carreno, Masahito Hara, Satoshi Yoshikawa, Kaoru Eguchi, Yoshitaka Nagashima, Hiroshi Ito, Shoichi Haimoto, Yu Yamamoto, Howard J Ginsberg, Masakazu Takayasu, Ryuta Saito

Neurospine Vol. 18 ( 4 ) page： 741 - 748 2021.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to find the clinical and radiographic characteristics of traumatic craniocervical junction (CCJ) injuries requiring occipitocervical fusion (OC fusion) for early diagnosis and surgical intervention. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with CCJ injuries presenting to St. Michaels Hospital in Toronto who underwent OC fusion and looked into the following variables; (1) initial trauma data on emergency room arrival, (2) associated injuries, (3) imaging characteristics of computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (4) surgical procedures, surgical complications, and neurological outcome. RESULTS: All patients were treated as acute spinal injuries and underwent OC fusion on an emergency basis. Patients consisted of 10 males and 2 females with an average age of 47 years (range, 18-82 years). All patients sustained high-energy injuries. Three patients out of 6 patients with normal BAI (basion-axial interval) and BDI (basion-dens interval) values showed visible CCJ injuries on CT scans. However, the remaining 3 patients had no clear evidence of occipitoatlantal instability on CT scans. MRI clearly described several findings indicating occipitoatlantal instability. The 8 patients with normal values of ADI (atlantodens interval interval) demonstrated atlantoaxial instability on CT scan, however, all MRI more clearly and reliably demonstrated C1/2 facet injury and/or cruciate ligament injury. CONCLUSION: We advocate measures to help recognize CCJ injury at an early stage in the present study. Occipitoatlantal instability needs to be carefully investigated on MRI in addition to CT scan with special attention to facet joint and ligament integrity.

DOI： 10.14245/ns.2142860.430

Two cases of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma with different clinical features according to the World Health Organization classification: case report and review of the literature. International journal Open Access

Tomoya Nishii, Yoshitaka Nagashima, Yusuke Nishimura, Hiroshi Ito, Takahiro Oyama, Mamoru Matsuo, Ayako Sakakibara, Satoko Shimada, Ryuta Saito

Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) Vol. 7 ( 4 ) page： 532 - 539 2021.12

Language：English

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) have been classified as one entity by the World Health Organization in 2016 due to gene fusion between NAB2 and STAT6. In the Central Nervous System (CNS), a hypocellular, collagenized tumor with a classic SFT phenotype is considered grade I, whereas more densely cellular tumors mostly corresponding to the HPC phenotype are classified as grade II or III (anaplastic) depending in mitotic count (<5 vs. >5 mitoses per 10 high-power fields). Herein, we report two cases of targeted SFT/HPC in which pathological differences and WHO grading affect clinical features. A 75-year-old woman presented with headache and had an intradural extramedullary tumor at the C1 to C2 level. The tumor was well-circumscribed and attached only to the dura mater. It was totally removed and diagnosed SFT/HPC grade I. In contrast, a 68-year-old woman presented with numbness in the right upper limb and had an intradural extramedullary tumor at the medulla to C3 levels The tumor was irregularly marginated and strongly adherent to the spinal cord and involved the vertebral artery. It was sub totally removed and diagnosed SFT/HPC grade II. To the best of our knowledge, there are only 12 cases of SFT/HPC at the craniocervical junction, including the present two cases, of which four that were adherent to the spinal cord or involved the vertebral artery were grade II or III. Although the location of the tumor was almost the same, there were significant differences in the intraoperative findings according to the WHO grading.

DOI： 10.21037/jss-21-83

Resting State Networks Related to the Maintenance of Good Cognitive Performance During Healthy Aging. International journal Open Access

Satoshi Maesawa, Satomi Mizuno, Epifanio Bagarinao, Hirohisa Watanabe, Kazuya Kawabata, Kazuhiro Hara, Reiko Ohdake, Aya Ogura, Daisuke Mori, Daisuke Nakatsubo, Haruo Isoda, Minoru Hoshiyama, Masahisa Katsuno, Ryuta Saito, Norio Ozaki, Gen Sobue

Frontiers in human neuroscience Vol. 15 page： 753836 - 753836 2021.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Purpose: Maintenance of cognitive performance is important for healthy aging. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between brain networks and cognitive function in subjects maintaining relatively good cognitive performance. Methods: A total of 120 subjects, with equal number of participants from each age group between 20 and 70 years, were included in this study. Only participants with Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R) total score greater than 83 were included. Anatomical T1-weighted MR images and resting-state functional MR images (rsfMRIs) were taken from all participants using a 3-tesla MRI scanner. After preprocessing, several factors associated with age including the ACE-R total score, scores of five domains, sub-scores of ACE-R, and brain volumes were tested. Morphometric changes associated with age were analyzed using voxel based morphometry (VBM) and changes in resting state networks (RSNs) were examined using dual regression analysis. Results: Significant negative correlations with age were seen in the total gray matter volume (GMV, r = -0.58), and in the memory, attention, and visuospatial domains. Among the different sub-scores, the score of the delayed recall (DR) showed the highest negative correlation with age (r = -0.55, p < 0.001). In VBM analysis, widespread regions demonstrated negative correlation with age, but none with any of the cognitive scores. Quadratic approximations of cognitive scores as functions of age showed relatively delayed decline compared to total GMV loss. In dual regression analysis, some cognitive networks, including the dorsal default mode network, the lateral dorsal attention network, the right / left executive control network, the posterior salience network, and the language network, did not demonstrate negative correlation with age. Some regions in the sensorimotor networks showed positive correlation with the DR, memory, and fluency scores. Conclusion: Some domains of the cognitive test did not correlate with age, and even the highly correlated sub-scores such as the DR score, showed delayed decline compared to the loss of total GMV. Some RSNs, especially involving cognitive control regions, were relatively maintained with age. Furthermore, the scores of memory, fluency, and the DR were correlated with the within-network functional connectivity values of the sensorimotor network, which supported the importance of exercise for maintenance of cognition.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2021.753836

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