研究者詳細 - 横山　智

論文 - 横山　智

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Tracing of fire-induced soil phosphorus transformations using phosphate oxygen isotope ratio 査読有り国際誌 Open Access

Takuya ISHIDA, Isao HIROTA, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

European Journal of Soil Science 75 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： e13591 2024年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The British Society of Soil Science

This study demonstrates that phosphate oxygen isotope (δ18OPO4) analysis effectively detects and monitors fire-induced transformation in soil phosphorus (P). Fires increase bioavailable P, potentially limiting primary production in terrestrial ecosystems. However, understanding the effects of fire on soil P dynamics in the field remains challenging due to the interaction between fire spread and soil properties with high spatial heterogeneity. Soil burning experiments were conducted using a surface soil sample collected in central Japan. The soil was burned in an electric furnace from 50 to 550°C for 3 h, and P concentrations and δ18OPO4 values were determined. The results revealed that high temperatures (>350°C) depleted the soil of organic P (Po) and increased labile and stable inorganic P (Pi) concentrations while significantly decreasing δ18OPO4 values. By contrast, low temperatures (150°C) increased labile Pi and Po concentrations without isotopic shift, indicating that low-intensity fires could increase bioavailable P while conserving soil organic matter. These findings indicate that δ18OPO4 analysis can provide insight into the relationship between P transformations and fire intensity and track subsequent changes in P dynamics over time. Our research highlights the potential of δ18OPO4 in predicting and managing postfire ecological and agricultural impacts.

DOI： 10.1111/ejss.13591

Open Access

Web of Science

Scopus

その他リンク： https://bsssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejss.13591

Package tour distribution channels of major Japanese, Chinese, and South Korean travel agents 査読有り国際誌

Zhina NANGONG, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism 2023年12月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Routledge

This study examines how overseas package tours are designed in China, South Korea, and Japan. It also examines how these tours are arranged between the three countries. The results of in-depth interviews and participant observation showed that the method of creating tours was almost the same across those three countries. However, there were differences in the method of operating tours. In terms of tours from China, Chinese wholesalers prefer other travel agencies as land operators instead of their own foreign subsidiaries; for Japan, they prefer to utilize their foreign subsidiaries; and for South Korea, the wholesaler considers both their subsidiaries and land operators for operating package tours. The concept of “operating power” explains the unique operation of these travel companies. The study concludes that the distribution channels of various package tours are strategically created by wholesalers according to the combination of markets and destinations. It contributes theoretical implications to the study of tourism distribution channels by focusing on regions that have not been included in previous studies. Additionally, it proposes a framework for the process of creating package tours and constructs a concept to explain the diverse ways in which package tours are operated. In terms of practical implications for travel agents, the study provides insights into various tourism distribution channels across different situations.

DOI： 10.1080/1528008X.2023.2294922

Web of Science

Scopus

ラオス中部の焼畑農耕民における生活活動の時間配分と空間分布査読有り

蒋　宏偉、佐藤廉也、横山　智、西本　太

E-journal GEO 18 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 324 - 338 2023年8月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本地理学会

焼畑・漁労・狩猟・採集を生業としているラオス中部の少数民族マンコン集落において，雨季・乾季に分け，成人住民を中心とする生活時間配分調査を行い，主に（1）想起法によって収集した経時的な活動内容の記録，（2）GPSロガーによる生活活動空間情報の記録，および（3）身体活動に費やすエネルギーの加速度計による記録，の3つのデータを収集した．データの分析結果は，労働時間配分における成人男女の分業および男女活動範囲とその相違といった生活活動の時空間パターンを明らかにした．さらに，開発が急ピッチで進んでいるラオス中部地域に生活している焼畑農耕民の各種の生業間の時間配分のつり合いから対象地域の土地利用と生業の変化の解明に重要な手掛かりを提供した．

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.18.324

特集「ラオス小規模社会集団の人口変動と生業変化」によせて

横山　智

E-journal GEO 18 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 258 - 263 2023年8月

ラオス中部天水田農村における人口増加と世代による生業の変化査読有り

高橋眞一、横山　智、西本　太、丹羽孝仁

E-journal GEO 18 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 264 - 278 2023年8月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本地理学会

ラオス中部に位置する天水田稲作農村において，年率2%を超える長期の人口増加と村びとの生業の対応との関連を世代別に明らかにした．1920年代後半に開村した村の第1世代から第4世代まで，生業の要である水田取得が人口増加とともに開田から，相続，そして購入へと変化した．人口増加による土地の余力がなくなってきた第3世代から他の農村への移動が増加した．さらに人口増加が続いた第4世代になってタイへの出稼ぎ専業層の出現によって，人口増加による水田の不足は軽減された．この村における人口増加への対応は，農業生産性の向上，都市への移動ではなく，ラオス中部の水田拡大を背景とした農村間人口移動の加速とタイ出稼ぎの増加であった．そして近年の家族計画普及による人口増加の終焉は，この地域の農村の生業の方向を変えていくであろう．

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.18.264

ラオス北部農村における農村間人口移動: ルアンパバーン県HB村における転出入に着目して査読有り

丹羽孝仁、西本　太、高橋眞一、横山　智

E-journal GEO 18 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 279 - 290 2023年8月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本地理学会

本研究は，ルアンパバーン県HB村の事例分析によって，ラオスの農村地域における人口動態の特徴を農村間人口移動の側面から明らかにした．その結果，農村における人口の変化には，次の3点の農村間人口移動が影響を及ぼしていることが分かった．①移住促進政策や結婚移動などの農村間移動を背景とする社会増減と移動後の自然増減の双方が大きく影響している．②農村間移動において移住先での生計の可能性を最大化できるように，新たな農地の獲得可能性や，従前の居住地にある農地へのアクセシビリティ，血縁・地縁のネットワークの有無が検討されている．③農村間移動が活発な背景には，移動前後で農業を主体とする生業に大きな変化がなく，生計を維持できる可能性が高いことがあげられる．ただし，利用可能な低地水田は限られており，米を十分に獲得することが難しい場合には，出稼ぎによる現金獲得が目指されている．

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.18.279

ラオス北部における遠隔地農村の人口動態と水田所有査読有り

横山　智、高橋眞一、丹羽孝仁、西本　太

E-journal GEO 18 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 291 - 308 2023年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本地理学会

本研究は，ラオス北部の盆地に位置するラオ族が設立した2村において，人口動態と水田所有の変化を3世代にわたって明らかにした．1970年代以降，政府の政策により高地から低地への移住が進められたが，研究対象地域では新しく水田を造成する土地は限られていた．したがって，高地から移住してきた住民であるクム族の多くは，水田を得ることができず，高地に住んでいた時と同様に自給自足的な焼畑農業を継続していた．1970年代以降の水田所有の変化を追跡したところ，水田を入手する一般的な方法は，離村した住民から水田を購入することであり，多くの住民は，その機会を待ちながら，水田の購入資金を準備するために都市へ出稼ぎに行くことが常態化するようになった．このような低地の盆地農村における高地からの移住者は，水田の少ない盆地にとどまるか，都市に移住するかの選択を迫られており，また高地と都市との移住の中継点として盆地農村が機能している

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.18.291

ラオス中部における焼畑民の食料獲得戦略─食事日誌の副食材料データ分析から─ 査読有り

佐藤廉也、蒋　宏偉、西本　太、横山　智

E-journal GEO 18 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 309 - 323 2023年8月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本地理学会

焼畑・漁撈・家畜飼養・狩猟・採集を生業とし，自給的な食生活を維持しているラオス中部のマイノリティ（マンコン）の村において，一年を通じた食生活を把握するとともに，世帯の食料獲得戦略を考察した．データは食事日誌法によって収集し，毎食ごとの主菜・副菜メニューとともに，それらの副食の食材を誰がどこで獲得したのかを記録し，世帯の構成に注意を払いつつ分析した．結果として，子どもが10歳代の時期に世帯の生活収支（生産量から消費量を差し引いた値）もプラスに転じることが推測され，子どもの成長に応じた家計への貢献が重要な役割を果たしていることが示唆された．

DOI： 10.4157/ejgeo.18.309

食文化の商品化とその真正性－フランス・リヨンのブションを事例に－査読有り

村上繭子, 横山　智

地理空間 14 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 1 - 17 2021年6月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：地理空間学会

フランス・リヨンでは1990年代以降，「美食都市」として食文化をアピールし，外国人観光客を集める政策を推進した。そして，伝統食を提供するレストランである「ブション」での食事がリヨンの食文化とみなされるようになった。しかし，伝統食を提供せずにブションを名乗る観光客向けのレストランが増加したため，伝統的な食事を提供するブションに対して，ブション協会がラベルを与えて「真正なリヨンのブション」を認定する動きが見られた。リヨンの食文化の真正性は，ブションのラベル作成によって構築され，そのラベルを得たブションのアイデンティティの確立と差異化を図る手段として機能した。しかし，トリップアドバイザーの口コミを用いた量的および質的な統計分析では，ラベルによる真正性は，ブション利用客の店への評価に影響を与えておらず，ブションの利用客に対してラベルの意味が正しく理解されていないことが明らかになった。

DOI： 10.24586/jags.14.1_1

Transition of farmland use in a Japanese mountainside settlement: An analysis of the residents' career histories 査読有り国際共著

Gen SHOJI, Kunimitsu YOSHIDA, Satoshi YOKOYAMA, Eric C. THOMPSON

Geographical Review of Japan Series B 93 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 15 - 26 2020年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Association of Japanese Geographers

A key problem faced by Japanese agriculture is the decline in the number of fulltime farmers due to the aging population, which combined with the absence of farm successors is leading to abandoned and under-used farmland. Under these conditions, we analyze the shifts in labor force allocation within households, between households, and between different communities, in order to secure the continuity of farming activities. Recent agricultural policies aim to increase the active participation in farming of women and of returning farmers, people who left their hometown to engage in non-agricultural work but return to or take up farming after retirement. The study examines strategies to maintain the continuous use of farmland despite the declining numbers of farmers by analyzing the Tachi settlement, whose residents commute for work to the nearby urban areas of Kanazawa and Komatsu cities in Ishikawa prefecture. The study analyzed the occupations of household members in this settlement and evaluated how the residents’ employment choices have influenced the continuous use of farmland in the area. Many studies in agricultural geography in Japan on systems of farmland use and community farming have focused on households centered on a male head-of-household. Our study is original in its focus on the occupations of all individuals in each household to assess the allocation of farming labor in rural households and other mechanisms to maintain their farmland, such as consigning work to other farmers, or renting out their farmland. Over the past decades, with the decline in the number of successors willing to inherit the farms, the number of farms taken over by the next generation has decreased in Tachi, and those responsible for the farmland have had to request help from outside their settlement. However, the study reports some recent positive trends (a family moving back to the settlement and taking up farming, including leasing previously abandoned land). Consequently, farmland use is being localized again within the settlement. Our case study, Tachi, can be considered a representative case study, as it encapsulates many of the recent trends in development of marginal rural communities Japan (rapid socio-demographic decline and its impact on the continuity of farmland use and management practices, especially in terms of labor allocation, but also regarding the mechanisms of renting out/lending farmland). The limited local scale allows for the detailed survey of the entire community as well as an in-depth analysis of data. Findings of this study might prove useful in the elaboration of rural/farming policies with the potential of wider implementation in similar areas in Japan but also (at the broader scale) in Asia.

DOI： 10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.15

Smallholder's labor allocation for livelihood diversification: A case study in an upland village in northern Laos 査読有り国際共著

Khamphou PHOUYYAVONG, Shinsuke TOMITA, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Tropics 29 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 9 - 24 2020年6月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Tropical Ecology

Livelihood diversification involves the well-characterized strategies of smallholder farmers to combine risk aversion under a market economy. Since livelihood diversification studies have focused on diversifying income sources to include non-farm and off-farm income, the benefit of adding subsistence-oriented farming to the livelihood portfolio has been underestimated. This form of livelihood diversification is broadly observable in Southeast Asia, and could be another risk aversion strategy to cope with unpredictable market conditions. This study examined the role of swidden farming in livelihood diversification through the analysis of individuals’ labor allocation in livelihood portfolio, annual working hours, and seasonal changes in working hours in a village in northern Laos. Information was obtained through direct interviews with 133 individuals. Interviews were conducted in 2017 and gathered information on demographic features, economic activities, and monthly working hours for individual in 2016. The results indicated: 1) Individual’s livelihood portfolio was determined by the assets that the ethnic group and each household held to a large extent; 2) Livelihood diversification took place at the individual level rather than at household level, through an increase in annual working hours, as well as monthly working hours during the peak period of labor demand; and 3) Labor demand for swidden farming was moderate, so villagers can incorporate it into their livelihood portfolio. The study highlighted that flexibility would be another facet of livelihood diversification. Swidden farming was likely to play a pivotal role in its flexibility, but it was not important as an income source.

DOI： 10.3759/tropics.MS19-08

Impact of forage introduction on cattle grazing practices and crop-livestock systems: A case study in an upland village in northern Laos 査読有り国際共著国際誌

Khamphou PHOUYYAVONG, Shinsuke TOMITA, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Rangeland Journal 41 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 323 - 334 2019年8月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Australian Rangeland Society

Lao smallholders are experiencing livestock grazing land constraints due to resettlement, increasing cattle numbers and commercial cash crop plantations. In this paper we describe changes in cattle grazing systems in an upland village in northern Laos, including the role of forage crops and their effects on cattle productivity. We interviewed 92 Hmong and Khmu households about their migration history, cattle grazing practices, cattle productivity and other livelihood activities. In addition, we measured the heart girths of 231 cattle. We found that the traditional free-range cattle grazing has diverged into three distinct systems incorporating fields fenced to different degrees. Although none of the three systems increased cattle body size, the forage pasture and swidden-farming system successfully increased the grazing capacity compared with other systems. Thus, this method appeared to be the most suitable for Hmong smallholders to manage crop and cattle production in the context of land constraints. Efforts should be made to examine how the newly implemented systems could attenuate villager livelihood and pre-emptively address the problems associated with degrading fallow land.

DOI： 10.1071/RJ18102

Scopus

Trends in the application of <i>bacillus</i> in fermented foods 査読有り国際誌

Keitarou KIMURA, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Current opinion in biotechnology 56 巻頁： 36 - 42 2019年4月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier

Bacillus species such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are widely used to produce fermented foods from soybeans and locust beans in Asian and West African countries, respectively. Genomic information for B. subtilis strains isolated from Asian Bacillus-fermented foods (BFFs) has been gathered, and the chemical components of fermented products were defined with metabolomic approaches, facilitating the development of new starter strains and the evaluation of health claims. On the other hand, although advanced studies have been performed for some commercially produced BFFs, home-manufactured products still remain to be characterized in rural areas. In West Africa, the microbial flora of BFFs was examined in detail, leading to the isolation of candidates of the starter that produced bacteriocin against Bacillus cereus contaminating the products. These studies may provide a choice of Bacillus strains in food application and increase opportunities for further usage of Bacillus in foods.

DOI： 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.09.001

Scopus

PubMed

Driving forces for livelihood structure changes in Vietnam's northwestern mountainous region: A case study on Yen Chau district, Son La province 査読有り国際共著

NGUYEN Thi Hong Ngoc, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Tropics 27 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 81 - 97 2019年3月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Tropical Ecology

Twenty years of long-term maize monoculture that began in the 1990s have resulted in the heavily maize-dependent economy of the northwestern mountainous region of Vietnam, especially in Yen Chau, the core production area. Before 2014, maize accounted for over 70% of the agricultural area. The continuous decrease in maize production value has strongly affected the Tai Dam community in Yen Chau and led to the replacement of various livelihood activities. This contributed to a major shrinkage of the maize area by 28.2% by the end of 2017. This study aims to investigate the determinants of the rapid development of different livelihood trends in Lac Ken, Suoi Bun, and Luong Me villages. A detailed social and statistical investigation was conducted of 198 households in 2016 and 220 households in 2017. The findings of this study indicate that small differences in cultivated land areas and infrastructure facilities have fostered the formation of and changes in livelihood structures. The areal withdrawal of maize occurred concurrently with the increasing trend of fruit tree and sugarcane cultivation. Never-before-seen migrant work unexpectedly became a promising livelihood activity for local farmers. Differences in internal and external forces are believed to be the driving factors behind the new forms of livelihood activities.

DOI： 10.3759/tropics.MS18-09

Web of Science

Influence of trading structure on maize seed selection by farmers in Vietnam: Case study on Yen Chau district, Son La province 査読有り

NGUYEN Thi Hong Ngoc, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Geographical review of Japan series B 91 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 40 - 53 2018年12月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Association of Japanese Geographers

Maize is the most important cash crop in Vietnam’s northern mountainous region. It is credited with eradicating hunger and alleviating poverty. However, the continuous decreasing trend in the global maize price since 2013 has resulted in various socioeconomic problems. Yen Chau district follows a cultivation regime of annually changing maize varieties. This goes against the objectives of national test procedures for new seed. This study aimed to establish whether the annually changing seed cultivation regime is the consequence of the fierce competition between seed enterprises. We found that the maize trading structure is centered on a three-level trader network that plays a crucial role in connecting stakeholders. Strong social relationships along with weak credit/production commitments between farmers and traders have facilitated maize production throughout the region. Seed and supply enterprises target traders to promote their products and are the most important information channel for farmers. This study’s findings suggest that seed selection in Yen Chau has no scientific basis but is the result of market factors.

DOI： 10.4157/geogrevjapanb.91.40

日本納豆とアジア納豆—おかずか調味料か？招待有り

横山　智

科学 88 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 1228 - 1234 2018年12月

東南アジアとヒマラヤの納豆とその起源査読有り

横山　智

医と食 8 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 19 - 23 2016年2月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：生命科学振興会

納豆を日本の伝統食だと思っている日本人は多い。納豆が日本の伝統食であることは間違いないが、日本独自の食ではない。1960 年代終わりに提唱された『照葉樹林文化論』では、味噌や納豆のようなダイズ発酵食品が東南アジアやヒマラヤなどの照葉樹林帯でつくられていることが示され、また1970年代に中尾佐助が提示した「納豆の大三角形」という仮説では、中国雲南省で納豆が発祥したと論じられた。ところが、1980 年代以降、納豆の起源を探る学術的調査は全く実施されていない。本稿では、ほとんど知られていない東南アジアとヒマラヤの納豆文化を紹介し、新たな視点から納豆の起源に迫っていきたい。

Access to livelihood assets under the influence of a climate event in upland northern Laos 査読有り国際共著

Phanxay INXAY, Isao HIROTA, Satoshi YOKOYAMA

Geographical Review of Japan Series B 87 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 131 - 145 2015年7月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Association of Japanese Geographers

Climate events pose major challenges to food production and the livelihoods of rural inhabitants in northern Laos, where upland rice using swidden production is an important crop. The onset of the rainy season in this area is one such climate event, and it has occurred earlier and with less regularity in recent years. Not all households are able to cope with these changes. This study examines the ability of local farmers to cope with rice insufficiency. This investigation also clarifies household strategies in dealing with the climate event. We randomly interviewed 63 of 95 household heads, and performed a paired sample t test to examine the significance of differences in three household groups between the 2010 normal climate and the 2011 climate event. The groups were categorized according to rice self-sufficiency in 2011: groups I are households with rice self-sufficiency, group II are those facing a rice shortage of up to 3 months, and group III are those with insufficient rice for over 3 months. We also conducted a one-way ANOVA to examine the significance of differences in livelihood strategies among the three groups. We found that the household labor force was the most important factor in enhancing the villagers’ ability to deal with the climate event and that the level of impact of that event shaped their coping strategies. Households with substantial labor force had more options for coping strategies than those with smaller ones. The villagers faced different levels of impact and adopted different coping strategies accordingly. Non-timber forest product collection was the principle livelihood strategy in response to non-climate factors such as education, access to health services, provision of equipment and clothing, and overcoming the impact of the climate event. Households heavily affected by the early rainy season onset tended to engage in intensive activities such as off-farm activity and outside work, rather than their major livelihood activities in the village (upland crop and livestock production).

DOI： 10.4157/geogrevjapanb.87.131

Livelihood factors and household strategies for an unexpected climate event in upland northern Laos 査読有り国際共著国際誌

Phanxay INXAY, Satoshi YOKOYAMA, Isao HIROTA

Journal of Mountain Science 12 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 483 - 500 2015年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study examines the effects of a climate event on livelihood assets of households in upland northern Laos, when the early onset of the rainy season as a result of climate change led to a failure to burn swidden systems. A Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is applied to estimate rural livelihood assets associated with differences in climate conditions, such as the 2010 normal climate and the 2011 climate event, and to compare household strategies in each climate condition. The findings indicate that natural capital had the highest index value in the 2010 normal climate, whereas human capital had the highest value in the 2011 climate event. Financial capital had the lowest index in both climate conditions. Residents at the research site were better off in terms of natural capital but worse off in terms of financial capital. This indicates that the government and other rural development agencies should not only manage natural resources; income-generation activities are also needed. We conclude that natural resources, as well as non-timber forest product (NTFP) gathering and off-farm activity, were the most important strategies for the entire research site under the normal climate condition. NTFP gathering and outside work are important in meeting subsistence needs and augmenting income levels in households when the rainy season begins early as a result of climate change. Outside employment was an additional strategy in households to achieve their livelihood goals, including food security and household income generation, under conditions of economic change and climate events.

DOI： 10.1007/s11629-013-2879-y

A review of studies on swidden agriculture in Japan: cropping system and disappearing process 査読有り

Satoshi YOKOYAMA, Isao HIROTA, Sota TANAKA, Yukino OCHIAI, Eiji NAWATA, Yasuyuki KONO

Tropics 22 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 131 - 155 2014年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：The Japan Society of Tropical Ecology

This paper reviewed some of the major study results published mainly in Japanese on swidden agriculture which was once practiced in Japan. In this review, a focus was placed on the natural environment in which swidden agriculture was practiced, cropping systems, crop cultivation in swidden fields, the transition of swidden agriculture at the end of the disappearing stage, and the utilization of millet cultivated in swidden agriculture. Swidden agriculture of temperate Japan featured cultivation primarily of millet, and was characterized by highly sophisticated and complex cropping systems according to the natural environment, which varied from one region to another. In the 1970s, however, swidden agriculture which had been continuously practiced as a primary means of subsistence in mountainous areas of Japan ceased to exist. Accordingly, the review will primarily focus on studies from the 1950s to 1970s, the post-war period in which a large number of research findings were produced from the perspectives of the humanities and natural sciences. The methodologies and perspectives adopted in the studies on Japanese swidden agriculture are definitely applicable to currently conducted studies of swidden agriculture in tropical regions.

DOI： 10.3759/tropics.22.131

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