Faculty Profiles - MIZUNO, Koji

Papers - MIZUNO, Koji

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Effect of Test Conditions on Child Occupant Responses in CRS Reviewed

Koji Mizuno, Takahiro Ikari, Hiroshi Kawahara, Masami Kubota, Susumu Ohsato

International Journal of Automotive Engineering Vol. 2 ( 2 ) page： 26-32 2011.4

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

A child restraint system (CRS) is installed in various vehicles with different seat, seatbelt routing paths, and seatbelt characteristics. In this research, a series of sled tests were conducted using the ECE R44 seat bench utilizing various CRS models under the same crash pulse specified by JNCAP. During the impact in JNCAP, the cushion of the multi-purpose vehicle seat was soft and the CRS rotated, which led to large forward excursions of the CRS and dummy. A trend was observed that there is a linear relationship of the assessment values between the JNCAP tests and the ECE base tests.

Analysis of Maxillofacial Injuries of Vehicle Passengers Involved in Frontal Collisions Reviewed

Masahito Hitosugi, Koji Mizuno, Toshiaki Nagai, Shogo Tokudome

Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 1146-1156 2011.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Purpose: To clarify the incidence and mechanisms of maxillofacial injuries sustained by motor vehicle passengers, in-depth data from the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis, Japan, were retrospectively analyzed.
Materials and Methods: From the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis in-depth data for 1993 through 2005, data were collected for 226 individuals with maxillofacial injuries who were adult passengers involved in frontal motor vehicle collisions. The accident information, a subject's medical data, and anatomic Injury Severity Scores were examined.
Results: The median Injury Severity Score was 2, and the mean equivalent barrier speed of the vehicles was 35.2+-13.0 km/hour. The most common maxillofacial injuries were lacerations (46.7%), followed by abrasions (41.9%), fractures (14.0%), and dental injuries (5.7%). Maxillofacial fractures occurred more often in unrestrained drivers without airbag deployment (18.4%) and less often in restrained drivers with airbag deployment (4.3%). The incidences of fractures caused by impacts with areas other than the steering wheel were markedly decreased using any safety device (35.5% to 0%).
Conclusion: Combined use of seat belts and airbags by occupants decreases fractures compared with completely unrestrained occupants. Furthermore, wearing a seat belt prevents the free flight of drivers within a vehicle and contact with the interior of a vehicle (other than the steering wheel). Although the anatomic Injury Severity Score of maxillofacial injuries was relatively low, because these injuries are also associated with socioeconomic costs, the correct use of safety devices and further development of more
effective injury prevention systems are needed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.joms.2010.05.030

Seatbelt Effectiveness for Rear seat Occupants in Frontal Crashes Reviewed

Vol. 16 ( 1 ) page： 63-74 2011.3

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

In Japan, it became mandatory for rear seat occupants to wear seatbelts as of 2008. This paper summarises the results of full car crash tests for rear seat occupants, and compares the kinematics and injury risk to belted and unbelted rear sear occupants in order to show the effectiveness of seatbelts. Full-width rigid barrier and offset frontal impact tests were conducted using Hybrid III fifth percentile female and 3-year-old dummies in belted or unbelted conditions in the rear seat. In both full and offset frontal tests, the injury measures of the belted fifth female and 3-year-old dummies in the rear seat were relatively low
because contact with the car interior was prevented by the seatbelt, although the head injury criterion and the chest deflection of the fifth female dummy were relatively large. In the tests with the fifth female dummy not belted, its knees and head made contact with the front seatback and the head of the front seat dummy, respectively. Due to this impact by the fifth female dummy, the injury measures of the driver dummy became high. The unbelted 3-year-old dummy moved in the passenger compartment, making contact with several locations in the car. These test results were comparable with accident analyses that show high injury risks to the chest of belted rear seat occupants, and high injury risks to the head and lower extremities in unbelted rear seat occupants.

DOI： /10.1080/13588265.2010.514770

有限インパルス応答を適用した衝撃時の乗員応答予測 Reviewed

長坂　圭，水野幸治

自動車技術会論文集 Vol. 42 ( 2 ) page： 67-72 2011.3

斜め側突時のCRS子ども乗員の挙動解析 Reviewed

崔　英愛，山口真誠，城戸健太，水野幸治，田中良知，吉田良一

自動車技術会論文集 Vol. 42 ( 1 ) page： 67 - 72 2011

FE simulation of frontal crash sled test with ISOFIX child restraint system Reviewed

Vol. 35 ( 5 ) page： 401 - 404 2011

The Effectiveness of Matching of Front Rail Height in Car-to-Car Crashes Reviewed

Koji Mizuno, Yuji Arai

International Journal of Crashworthiness Vol. 15 ( 6 ) page： 571-579 2010.12

Analysis of Loading of Lower Extremities Based on Bending Moment in Car-Pedestrian Collisions Reviewed

Daisuke Nakane, Sadayuki Kuwahara, Yasuhito Ozeki, Junichi Taniguchi, Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Crashworthiness Vol. 15 ( 5 ) page： 481-490 2010.11

Occupant Responses in Child Restraint Systems Subjected to Full-Car Side Impact Tests Reviewed

Hideki Yonezawa, Yoshinori Tanaka, Naruyuki Hosokawa, Yasuhiro Matsui, Koji Mizuno, Ryoichi Yoshida

SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 744-767 2010.8

ECE R44試験条件における各種CRSでのHybrid III 3YOとQ3との応答比較に関する考察 Reviewed

田中良知，米澤英樹，細川成之，松井靖浩，水野幸治，山口真誠，吉田良一

自動車技術会論文集 Vol. 41 ( 3 ) 2010.5

Countermeasures to Mitigate Head and Neck Injuries to Toddlers in Frontal and Lateral Vehicle Crash Conditions Reviewed

Tanya Kapoor, William Altenhof, Andrew Howard, Anne Snowdon, Jim Rasico, Fuchun Zhu, Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Crashworthiness Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page： 17-37 2010

Basic Parameters Affecting Child Occupant Responses in Side Impact Reviewed

Tanya Kapoor, William Altenhof, Andrew Howard, Anne Snowdon, Jim Rasico, Fuchun Zhu and Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Vol. 4 ( 4 ) page： 300-314 2010

有限要素解析に基づく歩行者事故における衝突車両の前面形状が歩行者の胸部傷害に及ぼす影響 Reviewed

松井靖浩，高橋国夫，西本雄俊，水野幸治，一杉正仁，中根大祐，和波真吾

自動車技術会論文集 Vol. 41 ( 5 ) page： 1017-1022 2010

Occupant Responses in Child Restraint Systems Subjected to Full-Car Side Impact Tests Reviewed

13. Hideki Yonezawa, Yoshinori Tanaka, Naruyuki Hosokawa, Yasuhiro Matsui, Koji Mizuno, Ryoichi Yoshida

Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 744-767 2010

The Kinematic Behavior and Responses of Hybrid III 3YO Dummy and Child Human FE Model in ISOFIX CRS in Frontal Impact Reviewed

Jia Hu, Koji Mizuno

International Journal of Crashworthiness Vol. 14 ( 4 ) page： 391-404 2009.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

An ISOFIX-attached child restraint system (CRS) implements a simple, rigid and standardised attachment to a vehicle seat compared to the conventional-type CRS attached by a vehicle seat belt. The goal of this research is to investigate the kinematic behaviour and responses of a child restrained by an ISOFIX CRS in frontal impact and to investigate the effect of utilising a force limiter in the top tether of the ISOFIX CRS on reducing injury assessment measures. A finite-element (FE) model of a Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy and a child human model restrained by a five-point harness conventional-type CRS (using a vehicle seat belt for installation) and a five-point harness ISOFIX CRS were developed and validated using frontal sled tests. Since the thoracic region of the spine of the human model is flexible as compared to the Hybrid III dummy model, the contact behaviour of the chin and chest differs between the Hybrid III dummy model and the child human model. This behaviour led to different upper neck forces and moments. The energy absorption efficiency of the CRS harness for the chest was calculated to understand the relation with the chest acceleration levels in various usage conditions. A top-tether force limiter proved to be useful. Particularly, the torso of both the Hybrid III dummy model and the child human FE model showed an upright posture in the ISOFIX CRS with a top-tether force limiter, and the head and chest accelerations and upper neck forces and moments were reduced, although the head excursion increased slightly.

Effectiveness of Wearing Seatbelt for Rear Seat Occupants in Full Frontal Rigid Barrier Impact tests Reviewed

Yasuhiro MATSUI, Koji MIZUNO, Takahiro IKARI, Kenichi TOMITA

Vol. 34 ( 1 ) page： 99-106 2009.6

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effectiveness of seatbelt for rear seat occupants in frontal crashes. The Hybrid III AF05 and 3 YO dummies were seated in the rear seat with belted or unbelted condition, and full frontal rigid barrier impact tests were
carried out. For the belted AF05 dummy in the rear seat, the injury risk was low, on the other hand, when the AF05 was not belted, risks to head injury and femur fracture were particularly high due to contact with several locations in car interior. When the 3 YO dummy was not restrained by the child restraint systems, the unbelted 3 YO dummy was flied over the front seat, which resulted in the possibility of high injury risk due to contact with several locations in car interior.

Comparison of Human FE Model and Crash Dummy Response in Various Child Restraint Systems Reviewed

Koji Mizuno, Kazuya Iwata, Tatsuya Namikiri, Nobuhiko Tanaka

International Journal of Crashworthiness Vol. 14 ( 2 ) page： 139-149 2009.4

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

In order to investigate injuries to various body regions of a child in detail, a child finite element (FE) model had been developed previously. In this study, a pelvis with a child anatomical structure was newly developed and incorporated into the existing model. In examining a method for modelling the pelvis, it was shown that the anatomical structures of a child should be represented in order to evaluate stress distributions. This updated child FE model was exercised using sled test simulations with various child restraint systems (CRS), such as a 5-point harness, an impact shield and a safety vest. The FE analyses were also conducted using a Hybrid III 3-year-old (3YO) FE model. The main differences between the kinematic
behaviour of the Hybrid III 3YO and child FE models were due to the flexibility of the thoracic spine in the child FE model. In analyses with the 5-point harness and the impact shield CRS, the predicted injury measures were comparable between the two models; whereas in the safety vest the injury measure predictions were noticeably different. It was demonstrated that the child FE model is useful to examine the behaviour, local deformation and stress distributions of a child during impacts, which could be difficult to predict using the Hybrid III 3YO FE model.

*Effectiveness and Evaluation of SEAS of SUV in Frontal Impact Reviewed

Koji Mizuno, Yuji Arai, Kunio Yamazaki, Hidenobu Kubota, Hideki Yonezawa, Nariuki Hosokawa

International Journal of Crashworthiness Vol. 13 ( 5 ) page： 553-541 2008.10

Load Limiting Behaviour in CRS Tether Anchors as a Method to Mitigate Head and Neck Injuries to Children in Frontal Crash Reviewed

Tanya Kapoor, William Altenhof, Miroslav Tot, Wencheng Zhang, Andrew Howard, Jim Rasico, Fuchun Zhu, Koji Mizuno

Traffic Injury Prevention Vol. 9 ( 3 ) page： 243-255 2008

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

This study focuses on methods to reduce injuries, specifically in the head and neck region, sustained by children seated in forward-facing child restraint system during a frontal vehicle crash. The main objective of this research was to implement load-limiting behavior into the upper tether and lower LATCH anchors of the CRS in order to reduce the neck injury criteria by increasing forward head excursion.

Occupant Responses in Child Restraint Systems in Side Impact Tests Reviewed

International Journal of Vehicle Safety Vol. 3 ( 3 ) page： 14-41 2008

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Papers - MIZUNO, Koji