研究者詳細 - 石川　哲也

論文 - 石川　哲也

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Interferon signaling suppresses the unfolded protein response and induces cell death in hepatocytes accumulating hepatitis B surface antigen. 査読有り国際共著国際誌

Baudi I, Isogawa M, Moalli F, Onishi M, Kawashima K, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Sato Y, Harashima H, Ito H, Ishikawa T, Wakita T, Iannacone M, Tanaka Y

PLoS pathogens 17 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： e1009228 2021年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PLoS Pathogens

Virus infection, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), occasionally causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is counteractive machinery to ER stress, and the failure of UPR to cope with ER stress results in cell death. Mechanisms that regulate the balance between ER stress and UPR are poorly understood. Type 1 and type 2 interferons have been implicated in hepatic flares during chronic HBV infection. Here, we examined the interplay between ER stress, UPR, and IFNs using transgenic mice that express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (HBs-Tg mice) and humanized-liver chimeric mice infected with HBV. IFNα causes severe and moderate liver injury in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, respectively. The degree of liver injury is directly correlated with HBsAg levels in the liver, and reduction of HBsAg in the transgenic mice alleviates IFNα mediated liver injury. Analyses of total gene expression and UPR biomarkers’ protein expression in the liver revealed that UPR is induced in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, indicating that HBsAg accumulation causes ER stress. Notably, IFNα administration transiently suppressed UPR biomarkers before liver injury without affecting intrahepatic HBsAg levels. Furthermore, UPR upregulation by glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) suppression or low dose tunicamycin alleviated IFNα mediated liver injury. These results suggest that IFNα induces ER stress-associated cell death by reducing UPR. IFNγ uses the same mechanism to exert cytotoxicity to HBsAg accumulating hepatocytes. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism of IFN-mediated cell death. This study also identifies UPR as a potential target for regulating ER stress-associated cell death.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009228

Quality of Life in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Structure and related factors focusing on illness uncertainty. 査読有り

Ozawa N, Sato K, Sugimura A, Maki S, Tanaka T, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M, Ishikawa T, Ando S

Japan journal of nursing science : JJNS 18 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： e12415 2021年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Japan Journal of Nursing Science

Aim: Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a low quality of life (QOL) and illness uncertainty. This study examined the structure of QOL and associated factors, including illness uncertainty, among individuals with NAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire for outpatients with NAFLD. QOL was measured using the Short Form-8. Dietary habits, physical activity level, illness uncertainty, health locus of control, and knowledge of NAFLD were assessed. Path analysis was used to study the associated factors of QOL and their structure, including uncertainty of disease. Results: Path analysis of 168 NAFLD patients indicated that a high Physical Component Summary score on the Short Form-8—representing physical QOL—was predicted by a body mass index <25 kg/m2 and high educational level. A high Mental Component Summary score—representing mental QOL—was predicted by being male, good dietary habits, low illness uncertainty, and presence of consultants. The model showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit without being rejected by the chi-square test (goodness-of-fit index =.947, adjusted goodness-of-fit index =.917, comparative fit index =.967, root mean square error of approximation = 0.023). Conclusions: Nurses need to work closely with NAFLD patients as consultants, providing adequate information about the causes, treatments, and dietary habits, and focusing on the individual's perception of health. This could reduce illness uncertainty and contribute to the improvement of QOL.

DOI： 10.1111/jjns.12415

Novel hepatitis B virus infection mouse model using herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase transgenic mice. 査読有り国際誌

Kanbe A, Ishikawa T, Hara A, Suemizu H, Nanizawa E, Tamaki Y, Ito H

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 36 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 782 - 789 2021年3月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia)

Background and Aim: The chronicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the result of impaired HBV-specific immune responses that cannot eliminate or cure the infected hepatocytes efficiently. Previous studies have used immunodeficient mice such as herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase NOD/Scid/IL2Rrnull (HSV-TK-NOG) mice. However, it is difficult to analyze the immune response in the previous models. In the present study, we established a novel HBV infection model using herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) mice in which the host immune system was not impaired. Methods: Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase mice were injected intraperitoneally with ganciclovir (GCV). Seven days after GCV injection, GCV-treated mice were transplanted with 1 × 106 hepatocytes from HBV-transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice. Results: Serum alanine aminotransferase levels in HSV-TK mice increased 1 and 2 weeks after GCV injection. The number and viability of hepatocytes from the whole liver of HBV-Tg mice significantly increased using digestion medium containing liberase. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive areas in the liver tissue were observed for at least 20 weeks after HBsAg-positive hepatocyte transplantation. In addition, we measured HBsAg in the serum after transplantation. HBsAg levels in HBV-Tg hepatocyte-replaced mice increased 4 weeks after transplantation. Furthermore, we examined the immune response in HSV-TK mice. The increase in hepatitis B surface antibody levels in replaced mice was maintained for 20 weeks. Also, interferon-γ-producing cells were increased in non-replaced mice. Conclusions: A novel HBV infection mouse model will help to understand the mechanisms of HBV tolerance similar to human chronic HBV-infected patients and can be used to develop a new strategy to treat chronic HBV infection.

DOI： 10.1111/jgh.15142

進行肝細胞癌に対するレンバチニブPD後のラムシルマブ治療の初期経験

葛谷貞二, 石上雅敏, 杉山由晃, 吉岡直輝, 水野和幸, 武藤久哲, 横山晋也, 田中卓, 山本健太, 伊藤隆徳, 石津洋二, 本多隆, 石川哲也, 藤城光弘

Pharma Medica 39 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 72 - 73 2021年2月

Free energy profile of permeation of Entecavir through Hepatitis B virus capsid studied by molecular dynamics calculation 招待有り査読有り

Fujimoto K., Fukai M., Urano R., Shinoda W., Ishikawa T., Omagari K., Tanaka Y., Nakagawa A., Okazaki S.

Pure and Applied Chemistry 92 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 1585 - 1594 2020年10月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Pure and Applied Chemistry

Entecavir, triphosphorylated in liver cells, is an antiviral reagent against Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The reagent inhibits reverse transcription of RNA inside the virus capsid. In the present study, free energy profile of an Entecavir triphosphate (ETVTP) molecule has been calculated when it passes through pores of the capsid along two- and three-fold rotational symmetry axes in order to investigate permeation pathway of the reagent to the inside of the capsid. The calculations have been done based on thermodynamic integration (TI) method combined with all-atomistic molecular dynamic (MD) calculations. A free energy minimum of -19 kJ/mol was found at the entrance of the pore from the outside along the three-fold symmetry axis. This stabilization is from the interaction of negatively charged ETVTP with positively charged capsid methionine residues. This excess free energy concentrates of the reagent at the entrance of the pore by a factor of about 2000. A free energy barrier of approximately 13 kJ/mol was also found near the exit of the pore to the inside of the capsid due to narrow space of the pore surrounded by hydrophobic wall made by proline residues and negatively charged wall by aspartic acid residues. There, ETVTP is partially dehydrated in order to pass through the narrow space, which causes the great free energy loss. Further, the negatively charged residues produce repulsive forces on the ETVTP molecule. In contrast, in the case of the pore along the two-fold symmetry axis, the calculated free energy profile showed shallower free energy minimum, -4 kJ/mol at the entrance in spite of the similarly high barrier, 7 kJ/mol, near the exit of the pore.

DOI： 10.1515/pac-2020-0109

非肝癌症例と肝発癌症例の違いに関与する腸内細菌の検討

本多隆, 石上雅敏, 山本崇文, 犬飼庸介, 杉山由晃, 吉岡直輝, 水野和幸, 武藤久哲, 横山晋也, 田中卓, 山本健太, 伊藤隆徳, 石津洋二, 葛谷貞二, 石川哲也, 藤城光弘

肝臓 61 巻 ( Suppl.2 ) 頁： A701 - A701 2020年9月

Short-term high-fat diet intake leads to exacerbation of concanavalin A-induced liver injury through the induction of procoagulation state. 査読有り国際誌

Nanizawa E, Tamaki Y, Sono R, Miyashita R, Hayashi Y, Kanbe A, Ito H, Ishikawa T

Biochemistry and biophysics reports 22 巻頁： 100736 - 100736 2020年7月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports

Obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) are known to cause proinflammatory and procoagulation states and suggested to become a risk of developing thromboembolic diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually associated with obesity and HFD, and a part of NAFLD is known to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the pathogenesis of which has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we examined the influence of short-term HFD on hepatic expression of the molecules related to inflammation, coagulation, metabolism, and cellular stresses from the perspective that HFD itself can be a risk for the development to NASH. In the analysis in short-term (4 days to 14 days) HFD-fed mice, we found out that HFD increased hepatic expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tissue factor (TF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNAs, and fibrin/fibrinogen deposition in the liver tissues. And it was suggested that metabolic alterations and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses induced by the HFD intake were associated with this proinflammatory and procoagulation states. When we administered concanavalin A (Con A) to these HFD-fed mice, the extent of liver injury was dramatically exacerbated in HFD-fed mice. Heparin treatment to Con A-administered, HFD-fed mice (for 4 days) profoundly ameliorated the extent of liver injury. These suggest that even short-term of HFD intake induces proinflammatory and procoagulation states in the liver and thereby increases the susceptibility of the liver to circulating inflammatory stimuli. We think that it may explain a part of NASH pathogenesis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100736

A prospective trial of vaccine to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 招待有り査読有り国際誌

Nishikawa K, Kimura K, Kanda Y, Sugiyama M, Kakihana K, Doki N, Ohashi K, Bae SK, Takahashi K, Ishihara Y, Mizuno I, Onishi Y, Onozawa M, Onizuka M, Yamamoto M, Ishikawa T, Inoue K, Kusumoto S, Hashino S, Saito H, Kanto T, Sakamaki H, Mizokami M

Bone marrow transplantation 55 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 1388 - 1398 2020年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Bone Marrow Transplantation

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation reportedly occurs frequently after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in resolved HBV-infected patients. Here, 50 patients with resolved HBV infections and scheduled to undergo HSCT were enrolled; all subjects were vaccinated with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine 12 months after HSCT and the incidence of HBV reactivation was monitored. The patients’ characteristics were: median age, 61 (34–72) years; male/female, 27/19; allogeneic/autologous, 40/6; bone marrow/peripheral blood stem cells/cord blood, 26/16/4. Of the 46 patients who underwent HSCT, 19 were excluded and did not make it to vaccination due to relapse of underlying disease, HBV reactivation within 12 months of HSCT, or transfer of patients. The remaining 27 were vaccinated 12 months after HSCT and monitored for 2 years. Six showed HBV reactivation, with a 2-year cumulative reactivation incidence of 22.2%; the same incidence was 27.3% only in allogeneic HSCT patients. Factors associated with HBV reactivation included the discontinuation of immunosuppressants (P = 0.0379) and baseline titers of antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (P = 0.004). HBV reactivation with vaccination following HSCT could occur despite maintenance of serum anti-HBs at more than protective levels.

DOI： 10.1038/s41409-020-0833-5

Complete response of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma achieved by sorafenib dose re-escalation after failure of long-term low-dose-sorafenib treatment combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: a case report. 査読有り

Muto H, Kuzuya T, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M

Clinical journal of gastroenterology 13 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 397 - 402 2020年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology

Few reports have described dose re-escalation after long-term low-dose sorafenib leading to good outcomes. Here, we report the case of an 80-year-old woman with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who achieved complete response from sorafenib dose re-escalation after the failure of long-term low-dose sorafenib treatment combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Sorafenib therapy was initiated at 400 mg once daily due to old age and low platelet count. 5 months later, this dose was reduced to 200 mg once daily because of adverse events. Best radiological antitumor response by sorafenib treatment alone was judged as stable disease according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. 1 year later, she showed progressive disease owing to the progression of intrahepatic lesions. She received combination therapy with low-dose sorafenib (200 mg every other day) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, which proved relatively effective for three and a half years. Antitumor response by the fourth transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and subsequent low-dose sorafenib was clearly progressive disease. At that time, sorafenib-related adverse events were well-controlled. Sorafenib dose was re-escalated to 200 mg once daily. After this re-escalation, tumor markers declined rapidly, and adverse events remained tolerable. 4 months later, complete response was achieved.

DOI： 10.1007/s12328-019-01066-7

Correlation of serum zinc levels with pathological and laboratory findings in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 査読有り国際誌

Ito T, Ishigami M, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Toyoda H, Kumada T, Fujishiro M

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 32 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 748 - 753 2020年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Objective Chronic liver diseases are associated with zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, no previous studies have examined the relationship between serum Zn levels and hepatic pathological findings in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to investigate the serum Zn levels in NAFLD patients based on pathological/laboratory findings. Methods We evaluated a total of 191 NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy with the goal of identifying laboratory markers and pathological findings associated with serum Zn levels. Results Zn levels significantly decreased along with progression of hepatic fibrosis (P = 0.039), but there were no significant differences among inflammatory grades. Zn levels were most strongly correlated with albumin levels (r = 0.410, P < 0.001). In addition, Zn levels were significantly correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.284, P < 0.001), hyaluronic acid (r = -0.230, P < 0.001), branched chain amino acid/tyrosine molar ratio (BTR) (r = 0.278, P < 0.001), FIB-4 index (r = -0.238, P < 0.001), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) (r = -0.261, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, albumin [odds ratio (OR), 9.244 (per 1 g/dL decrease) [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.261-32.744]; P < 0.001], BTR [OR, 1.545 (per 1 decrease) (95% CI, 1.115-2.140); P = 0.009], and HOMA-IR [OR, 1.048 (per 1 increase) (95% CI, 1.019-1.167); P = 0.028] were significantly associated with Zn deficiency. Conclusion The progression of liver fibrosis, but not inflammation, is associated with lower serum Zn levels in biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. Serum Zn levels were correlated with nutrition markers and insulin resistance.

DOI： 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001587

Sorafenib <i>vs</i>. Lenvatinib as First-line Therapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis. 査読有り国際誌

Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Fujishiro M

Anticancer research 40 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 2283 - 2290 2020年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Anticancer Research

Background/Aim: We aimed to compare the outcomes between sorafenib and lenvatinib as first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with major portal vein tumor thrombosis (Vp3/4). Patients and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 41 HCC patients with Vp3/4 and Child-Pugh A. Results: The outcomes in the lenvatinib group (n=13) were significantly better than those in the sorafenib group (n=28) [best objective response rate according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors: 53.8% vs. 14.3%; p=0.0193, best disease control rate: 92.3% vs. 35.7%; p=0.0008, median overall survival (OS): not reached vs. 187 days; p=0.0040, respectively]. Lenvatinib treatment was the only significant predictor of better OS and time to tumor progression. No patient needed to discontinue lenvatinib treatment due to drug-related adverse events. Conclusion: Compared with sorafenib, lenvatinib treatment for advanced HCC with Vp3/4 may lead to more favorable outcomes.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.14193

Initial Experience of Ramucirumab Treatment After Lenvatinib Failure for Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. 査読有り国際誌

Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Fujishiro M

Anticancer research 40 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 2089 - 2093 2020年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Anticancer Research

Background/Aim: The outcomes of ramucirumab after lenvatinib failure for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels of ≥400 ng/ml are unknown. Patients and Methods: Of 12 patients treated with ramucirumab after lenvatinib failure, 10 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Results: The disease control rate of 80% at 6 weeks and the median time to progression of 3.1 months were the same by both the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and the modified RECIST. AFP reduction was seen in 5 patients at 2 weeks and in 3 patients at 6 weeks. The incidence of grade 3 adverse events was low at 10%. The albumin.bilirubin scores within 6 weeks did not worsen. Conclusion: Ramucirumab might have potential therapeutic efficacy and safety in advanced HCC patients after lenvatinib failure. Further studies are needed to confirm the outcomes of ramucirumab after lenvatinib failure.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.14167

Favorable radiological antitumor response at 2 weeks after starting lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. 査読有り国際誌

Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Fujishiro M

Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology 50 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 374 - 381 2020年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Hepatology Research

Aim: We aimed to investigate the radiological antitumor response at 2 weeks after starting lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in real-world practice. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 40 patients who received lenvatinib. Radiological antitumor response was evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results: The objective response rate at 2 weeks and best overall response on confirmation of complete response, partial response (PR), and stable disease required (confirmed response) were 57.5% and 32.5%, respectively. Based on confirmed response, the overall survival rate was significantly longer in patients with an objective response rate than in those with stable disease or progressive disease after 12 months (73.2% and 54.2%, P = 0.0358). All 13 patients with an objective response rate on confirmed response were evaluated as PR at 2 weeks. The alpha-fetoprotein ratio at 2 weeks was a significant factor associated with PR of response rate at 2 weeks. The median relative dose intensity from 2 to 6 weeks was significantly lower than that from 0 to 2 weeks (69.6% vs. 100%, P < 0.0001). Stratified by the antitumor response at 6 weeks considering the image evaluation at 2 weeks, the median relative dose intensity from 2 to 6 weeks was significantly lower in patients with progressive disease than in those with PR or stable disease (45.2% vs. 72.6%, P = 0.0482). Conclusions: The radiological antitumor response at 2 weeks was favorable. Information on a favorable visible therapeutic response very early after lenvatinib initiation can help patients maintain their motivation for treatment, and allow physicians to continue treatment effectively and safely.

DOI： 10.1111/hepr.13452

Effect of weight change and lifestyle modifications on the development or remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: sex-specific analysis. 査読有り国際誌

Yoshioka N, Ishigami M, Watanabe Y, Sumi H, Doisaki M, Yamaguchi T, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Haruta JI, Fujishiro M

Scientific reports 10 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 481 - 481 2020年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports

The effects of changes in various lifestyle habits on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been well elucidated. We aimed to clarify how weight change and lifestyle modifications were associated with the development or remission of NAFLD. In this longitudinal cohort study, we reviewed the periodic health checkup data of 1,421 subjects with no causes of liver disease besides NAFLD who had received at least two health checkups between 2009 and 2018. The prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 34.1% (484/1,421). During follow-up period (4.6 ± 2.8 years), 104 subjects developed NAFLD and 127 subjects demonstrated NAFLD remission. The frequency of NAFLD development or that of NAFLD remission significantly increased as the larger weight gain or weight loss was, respectively (both, p < 0.001). Approximately 40% of the subjects who maintained ≥ 1%/year weight loss achieved NAFLD remission. By multivariate analysis, quitting smoking were independently associated with NAFLD development (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.86; 95% CI, 1.24–6.62). Subjects who quit smoking demonstrated large weight gain (≥1%/year) significantly more frequently than the other subjects (p < 0.001). In sex-specific analysis, starting to exercise was independently associated with NAFLD remission in men (AOR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.25–4.53).

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-57369-9

Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bile Duct Invasion. 国際誌

Tanaka T, Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Fujishiro M

Oncology 98 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 621 - 629 2020年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Oncology (Switzerland)

Because the frequency of bile duct invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is very rare, there is limited clinical evidence to demonstrate the outcomes of systemic therapy in HCC with bile duct invasion. Our aim was to clarify the efficacy and safety of sorafenib treatment in patients with unresectable advanced HCC with bile duct invasion. Methods: One hundred and seventy-five patients with advanced HCC were enrolled in this study. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of sorafenib between patients without bile duct invasion [B (-) group, n = 165] and those with bile duct invasion [B (+) group, n = 10]. Results: There were no significant differences in the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) and the confirmed disease control (DC) rate between the B (-) and the B (+) groups (13.9 vs. 20.0%, p = 0.637 for ORR; 47.2 vs. 70.0%, p = 0.202 for DC rate, respectively). There were no significant differences in median overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) between the B (-) group and the B (+) group (14.8 vs. 14.1 months, p = 0.780 for OS; 3.4 vs. 5.7 months, p = 0.277 for TTP, respectively). Post-treatment factors associated with good OS were changes in albumin-bilirubin score (0-6 weeks) of <0.25, and antitumor response at 6 weeks of DC. Though 5 of 10 patients (50%) in the B (+) group had bile duct complications, such as obstructive jaundice and biliary bleeding, these 5 patients were able to recover from biliary troubles by careful and vigorous management with biliary endoscopic intervention, and were able to continue sorafenib therapy safely. Conclusions: Our present results suggest that sorafenib might have potential therapeutic efficacy and safety in advanced HCC patients with bile duct invasion. In case of biliary tract troubles before and during sorafenib treatment, early biliary management may be important to continue sorafenib therapy safely. Further studies are needed to confirm the outcomes of sorafenib in advanced HCC patients with bile duct invasion.

DOI： 10.1159/000507051

Serum Nutritional Markers as Prognostic Factors for Hepatic and Extrahepatic Carcinogenesis in Japanese Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. 査読有り国際誌

Ito T, Ishigami M, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Toyoda H, Kumada T, Fujishiro M

Nutrition and cancer 72 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 884 - 891 2020年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Nutrition and Cancer

Serum zinc (Zn) levels and the branched chain amino acid/tyrosine molar ratio (BTR) were reported to decrease with the progression of various chronic liver diseases. We investigated the impact of BTR and Zn on the incidence of malignancies in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 179 Japanese NAFLD patients who underwent liver biopsy were enrolled. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and extrahepatic malignancies developed in 7 (3.9%) and 10 (5.6%) patients, respectively, during the follow-up period (median 7.9 years). Patients with low BTR levels (<5.0) and Zn deficiency (<70 μg/dL) had significantly higher incidences of HCC and extrahepatic malignancies (P < 0.001 and 0.026), respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed the following risk factors: liver fibrosis (F3–4) (hazard ratio [HR] 24.292, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.802–210.621, P = 0.004) and BTR < 5.0 (HR 5.462, 95% CI 1.095–27.253, P = 0.038) for HCC, and serum Zn level <70 μg/dL (HR 3.504, 95% CI 1.010–12.157, P = 0.048) and liver inflammation (A2–3) (HR 3.445, 95% CI 0.886–13.395, P = 0.074) for extra-hepatic malignancies. In conclusion, serum BTR and Zn levels were useful for predicting HCC and extrahepatic malignancies in NAFLD, respectively.

DOI： 10.1080/01635581.2019.1653474

Sarcopenia impairs health-related quality of life in cirrhotic patients. 査読有り国際誌

Ando Y, Ishigami M, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Fujishiro M

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 31 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 1550 - 1556 2019年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Aim Sarcopenia is associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population. However, in cirrhotic patients, as the development of sarcopenia is closely related to declined liver function, which also impairs HRQOL, whether sarcopenia deteriorates HRQOL independently from declined liver function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of sarcopenia on HRQOL impairment in cirrhotic patients. Patients and methods A total of 88 cirrhotic patients [median age, 69 years; range: 31-79 years; 49 male (55.7%), 45 with hepatocellular carcinoma (51.1%)] were analyzed. We measured HRQOL using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 questionnaire and identified factors contributing to scores lower than 50 in physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary, and role-social component summary (RCS) scores. Results Twenty-four (27.2%) patients had sarcopenia. PCS and RCS scores were significantly lower in patients with sarcopenia compared with those without sarcopenia. Patients with Child-Pugh (CP) classification B or C showed significantly lower scores in PCS and RCS than those with CP classification A. On multivariate analysis, the presence of sarcopenia was the only factor associated with low PCS scores [odds ratio (OR): 11.6; P = 0.031]. Female sex (OR: 3.34; P = 0.034), CP classification B or C (OR: 3.19; P = 0.037), and presence of sarcopenia (OR: 4.64; P = 0.016) were identified as independent factors for low RCS scores. Conclusion Sarcopenia independently impairs physical and role-social HRQOL in cirrhotic patients.

DOI： 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001472

Successful Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Regorafenib after Sorafenib-induced Hypersensitivity. 査読有り

Yoshioka N, Kuzuya T, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Ishigami M, Fujishiro M

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 58 巻 ( 19 ) 頁： 2803 - 2808 2019年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Internal Medicine

Sorafenib and regorafenib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and which have similar chemical structures and toxicity profiles. We herein report a case in which regorafenib treatment could be continued for 10 months and stable disease could be maintained for a long period despite the discontinuation of sorafenib due to grade 4 liver injury and grade 3 fever. The severe adverse events could be attributed to drug hypersensitivity, since a drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) indicated sensitivity to sorafenib. A DLST for regorafenib was negative. This is the first report showing that regorafenib could be safely administered after the discontinuation of sorafenib due to hypersensitivity.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.2812-19

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of candidates for second-line therapy, including regorafenib and ramucirumab, for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib treatment. 査読有り国際誌

Kuzuya T, Ishigami M, Ito T, Ishizu Y, Honda T, Ishikawa T, Hirooka Y, Fujishiro M

Hepatology research : the official journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology 49 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1054 - 1065 2019年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Hepatology Research

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of candidates for second-line therapy, including regorafenib and ramucirumab, for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sorafenib treatment. Methods: Of 122 patients, 103 were radiologically confirmed as progressive disease (PD) (sorafenib-refractory group), and 19 discontinued sorafenib therapy due to adverse events prior to radiologic PD (sorafenib-intolerant group). Patients in the sorafenib-refractory group were divided into two subgroups each, according to their eligibility for second-line treatment (second-line-in and -out group), regorafenib (RESORCE-in and -out group), or ramucirumab (REACH-2-in and -out group). Results: Patients included in the non-candidate group were those with α-fetoprotein level <400 ng/mL (n = 51, 49.5%), daily sorafenib dose <400 mg (n = 44, 42.7%), Child–Pugh B or C (n = 40, 38.8%), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ≥2 (n = 24, 23.3%). The percentages of candidates were 57.3% for second-line, 35.0% for regorafenib, and 23.3% for ramucirumab. The median post-progression survival (PPS) was significantly longer for the second-line-in and the RESORCE-in groups than in the non-candidate groups (12.6 and 11.0 months vs. 3.0 and 6.1 months, respectively). The PPS was not significantly different between the REACH-2-in and -out groups. A significant predictor of candidates for second-line treatment at sorafenib initiation was a Child–Pugh score of 5 (A5). Conclusions: Not all patients refractory to sorafenib were candidates for second-line therapy. A Child–Pugh score of A5 at sorafenib initiation was an important and favorable factor related to eligibility for second-line therapy and good outcomes.

DOI： 10.1111/hepr.13358

Induction of humoral and cellular immune response to HBV vaccine can be up-regulated by STING ligand. 査読有り国際誌

Ito H, Kanbe A, Hara A, Ishikawa T

Virology 531 巻頁： 233 - 239 2019年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Virology

A persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by a lack of or a weak immune response to HBV. Efficient induction of the HBV-specific immune response leads to the clearance of HBV. Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is a cytoplasmic sensor of intracellular DNA from microbes and host cells. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) that is a ligand of the STING pathway as an HBV vaccine adjuvant. Wild-type (WT) mice and HBV-transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice were immunized with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and cGAMP. The vaccination with HBsAg and cGAMP significantly enhanced the humoral and cellular immune response to HBsAg in WT and HBV-Tg mice. Cytokine production related to Th1 and Th2 responses and the activation of antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues were induced by cGAMP. Vaccination using cGAMP may overcome tolerance in patients with chronic HBV infection.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.013

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