Faculty Profiles - OHIRA, Hideki

Papers - OHIRA, Hideki

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Computational properties of decision-making in psychopathy

Oba Takeyuki, Katahira Kentaro, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： 1D-004 - 1D-004 2017.9

Effects of elapsed time after acute stress on decision-making

Yamakawa Kaori, Ohira Hideki

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 81 ( 0 ) page： L-014 - L-014 2017.9

Selective Fair Behavior as a Function of Psychopathic Traits in a Subclinical Population Reviewed

Takahiro Osumi, Hideki Ohira

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 8 ( SEP ) page： 1604 2017.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Psychopathy is a group of personality traits that are associated with violations of social norms. Previous studies have suggested that people with psychopathic traits in subclinical populations do not necessarily display antisocial, self-defeating behaviors, and instead may strategically show adaptive behaviors in response to cues during reciprocal social interactions. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether the association between psychopathic traits and unfair behavior can be moderated by a potential for punishment and social distance (anonymity), which are known to facilitate fair behavior. We focused on two psychopathic traits: primary and secondary psychopathy. Primary psychopathy is characterized by callousness, shallow affect, manipulation, and superficial charm. In contrast, secondary psychopathy is associated with impulsivity and lack of long-term goals, and is related to hostile behavior. A total of 348 undergraduate students determined the amounts of money that they would offer to strangers or friends at their university in hypothetical scenarios of the ultimatum game (UG) and the dictator game (DG). While gender affected decisions in the hypothetical scenarios of the DG, it did not interact with psychopathic traits. The score for primary psychopathy on the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale predicted unfair monetary offers to strangers in the DG, where participants could not be punished. However, compared with their offers in the DG, individuals with higher scores for primary psychopathy made larger offers in the UG, where low offers could trigger punishment from the recipient. Moreover, primary psychopathy did not decrease the amounts of offers in either game when the participant considered the recipient to be a friend. On the other hand, secondary psychopathy was not associated with differences in behavioral fairness depending on a potential for punishment or social distance. Based on these findings, we discuss strategic social skills as a function of primary psychopathy.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01604

Web of Science

Scopus

A simple computational algorithm of model-based choice preference

Asako Toyama, Kentaro Katahira, Hideki Ohira

COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 17 ( 4 ) page： 764 - 783 2017.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

A broadly used computational framework posits that two learning systems operate in parallel during the learning of choice preferences-namely, the model-free and model-based reinforcement-learning systems. In this study, we examined another possibility, through which model-free learning is the basic system and model-based information is its modulator. Accordingly, we proposed several modified versions of a temporal-difference learning model to explain the choice-learning process. Using the two-stage decision task developed by Daw, Gershman, Seymour, Dayan, and Dolan (2011), we compared their original computational model, which assumes a parallel learning process, and our proposed models, which assume a sequential learning process. Choice data from 23 participants showed a better fit with the proposed models. More specifically, the proposed eligibility adjustment model, which assumes that the environmental model can weight the degree of the eligibility trace, can explain choices better under both model-free and model-based controls and has a simpler computational algorithm than the original model. In addition, the forgetting learning model and its variation, which assume changes in the values of unchosen actions, substantially improved the fits to the data. Overall, we show that a hybrid computational model best fits the data. The parameters used in this model succeed in capturing individual tendencies with respect to both model use in learning and exploration behavior. This computational model provides novel insights into learning with interacting model-free and model-based components.

DOI： 10.3758/s13415-017-0511-2

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

High emotional arousal enables subliminal detection of concealed information Reviewed

Osugi, A, Ohira H

Psychology Vol. 8 page： 1482-1500 2017.8

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制御 Reviewed

大平　英樹

BRAIN and NERVE Vol. ６９ ( ４ ) page： 383-395 2017.4

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制御 Reviewed

大平英樹

BRAIN and NERVE Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 383-395 2017.4

Regulation of behavior based on interoception

Ohira H.

Brain and Nerve Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 383 - 395 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Brain and Nerve

It is well known that the insular cortex (Brodmann areas 13,14, 15, and 16) located deep inside the Sylvian fissure is associated with mental functions such as perception, language, cognition, affect, and movement. In particular, the insular cortex has been linked to interoception, which is the representation of bodily physiological states that is used to regulate bodily states and mental functions. Recently, a common principle to explain such functions of the insular cortex has been proposed. The principle posits that the anterior insula generates predictions of future bodily states, computes the error by comparing the prediction with the actual sensory signals, and integrates the body with the mind by minimizing the prediction error. This article describes the functions of the insular cortex, and discusses the possibility that an error-minimizing function can affect decision-making to regulate behaviors.

Scopus

[Regulation of Behavior Based on Interoception].

Ohira H

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo Vol. 69 ( 4 ) page： 383 - 395 2017.4

Influence of diaper types on the physical and psychological burden experienced by mothers and infants while changing diapers-Evaluation by heart rate variability and behavior coding of mothers and infants- Reviewed

Ayami SUGA, Akiko TANGE, Hiroki ISHIKAWA, Maki URAGUCHI, Hideki OHIRA

Vol. 16 ( 2 ) page： 197-203 2017.3

脳活動の同期を導くメカニズムー定藤論文へのコメントー Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 59 ( 3 ) page： 283-291 2017

Emotional arousal at memory encoding enhanced P300 in the concealed information test

Akemi Osugi, Hideki Ohira

Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 8 ( JAN ) page： 2334 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Frontiers Media S.A.

Previous studies have reported that the concealed information test (CIT) is a reliable and powerful method for detecting information. However, the external validity of the CIT studies has not been fully proven. In particular, few studies have examined the effects of emotional arousal at memory encoding on physiological responses in the CIT. The present study investigated the influence on the CIT of the magnitude of emotional arousal at memory encoding of a mock crime, using the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP). In accord with the assumptions of excitation-transfer theory, we presented emotionally arousing pictures before a mock crime. Participants were randomly assigned to either a high emotional arousal group (n = 10) or a low emotional arousal group (n = 11), viewing pictures expected to arouse emotion at a high or low level, respectively. Subsequently, all participants enacted the same mock crime, in which they were instructed to stab a pillow with a sharp-edged tool (e.g., a kitchen knife or ice pick) as if harassing a mannequin lying on a bed. After the antecedent emotional experience, the P300-based CIT was conducted. Participants in the high arousal group showed significantly greater P300 amplitudes in response to a probe stimulus compared with the low arousal group. No differences were found between the groups in response to irrelevant stimuli. These results support the notion that emotional arousal influences the P300 in the CIT paradigm.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02334

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Neural and Genetic Correlates of the Social Sharing of Happiness

Masahiro Matsunaga, Hiroaki Kawamichi, Tomohiro Umemura, Reiko Hori, Eiji Shibata, Fumio Kobayashi, Kohta Suzuki, Keiko Ishii, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Yasuki Noguchi, Misaki Ochi, Hidenori Yamasue, Hideki Ohira

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE Vol. 11 ( DEC ) page： 718 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Happiness is regarded as one of the most fundamental human goals. Given recent reports that positive feelings are contagious (e.g., the presence of a happy person enhances others' happiness) because of the human ability to empathize (i.e., sharing emotions), empathic ability may be a key factor in increasing one's own subjective level of happiness. Based on previous studies indicating that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the serotonin 2A receptor gene [HTR2A rs6311 guanine (G) vs. adenine (A)] is associated with sensitivity to emotional stimuli and several mental disorders such as depression, we predicted that the polymorphism might be associated with the effect of sharing happiness. To elucidate the neural and genetic correlates of the effect of sharing happiness, we first performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a "happy feelings" evocation task (emotional event imagination task), during which we manipulated the valence of the imagined event (positive, neutral, or negative), as well as the presence of a friend experiencing a positive-valence event (presence or absence). We recruited young adult women for this fMRI study because empathic ability may be higher in women than in men. Participants felt happier (p < 0.01) and the mentalizing/ theory-of-mind network, which spans the medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, temporal poles, and precuneus, was significantly more active (p < 0.05) in the presence condition than in the absence condition regardless of event valence. Moreover, participants with the GG (p < 0.01) and AG (p < 0.05) genotypes of HTR2A experienced happier feelings as well as greater activation of a part of the mentalizing/ theory-of-mind network (p < 0.05) during empathy for happiness (neutral/presence condition) than those with the AA genotype. In a follow-up study with a vignette-based questionnaire conducted in a relatively large sample, male and female participants were presented with the same imagined events wherein their valence and the presence of a friend were manipulated. Results showed genetic differences in happiness-related empathy regardless of sex (p < 0.05). Findings suggest that HTR2A polymorphisms are associated with the effect of sharing happiness by modulating the activity of the mentalizing/ theory-of-mind network.

DOI： 10.3389/fnins.2017.00718

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

座談会：「感情の心理学的構成主義に見るこれからの感情研究」

大平英樹, 木村健太, 白井真理子, 藤原健

エモーション・スタディーズ Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 38 - 51 2017

脳活動の同期を導くメカニズムー定藤論文へのコメントー Reviewed

大平英樹

心理学評論 Vol. 59 ( 3 ) page： 283-291 2017

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制御

大平英樹

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩 Vol. 69 page： 383 - 395 2017

Influences of Diaper Types on the Physical and Psychological Burden Experienced by Mothers and Infants while Changing Diapers

SUGA Ayami, TANGE Akiko, ISHIKAWA Hiroki, URAGUCHI Maki, OHIRA Hideki

Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering Vol. 16 ( 2 ) page： 197 - 203 2017

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Kansei Engineering

When infants are in their crawling stage, both mothers and infants experience difficulties while changing diapers. We evaluated the effects of pull-up type diaper on physical and psychological burden in comparison to the nappy-type diaper. Twenty-four mother-infant dyads participated in this study. According to the behavioral observation analysis, negative behaviors of mothers and infants while changing pull-up type diapers were significantly lesser than while changing the nappy-type. Pull-up type diapers took mothers 30% lesser time to change, while allowing infants more physical movements than the nappy-type. A spectral analysis of infants' heart rate variability showed that low-high frequency ratio and the change in normalized unit percentage (Nu%) were significantly lower when pull-up type diapers were changed. Negative emotion-related behaviors of both mothers and infants significantly correlated with change in Nu% of infants. Lower physical and psychological burden while changing diapers was associated with pull-up type diapers.

DOI： 10.5057/jjske.tjske-d-16-00092

CiNii Research

Predictive coding, interoception, and affect

Ohira Hideki

Emotion Studies Vol. 3 ( 1 ) page： 2 - 12 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society for Research on Emotions

<p>Lisa Feldman-Barrett, who has promoted a psychological constructivism theory of affect, recently proposed the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding (EPIC) model of affect, on the basis of the perspective of predictive coding. The theoretical framework of predictive coding argues that the brain creates inner models which can provide predictions for perception and motor movement, and that perception and behaviors are emerged from Bayesian computations rooted on the predictions. The EPIC model expands this perspective into interoception, which is perception of inner body states, and tries to explain phenomena of affect as integrative experiences based on interoception. This article introduces concepts of the EPIC model and examines the model by referencing to empirical findings.</p>

DOI： 10.20797/ems.3.1_2

CiNii Research

内受容感覚に基づく行動の制 Reviewed

大平英樹

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩 Vol. 69(4) page： 383 - 395 2017

S. ボウルズ・H. ギンタス（著）竹澤正哲・大槻　久・高橋伸幸・稲葉美里・波多野礼佳（訳）『協力する種：制度と心の共進化』（2017年，NTT出版）

大坪庸介, 中尾央, 大平英樹

社会心理学研究 Vol. 33 ( 1 ) page： 39 - 44 2017

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Papers - OHIRA, Hideki