Faculty Profiles - NARUSE Ichiro

Papers - NARUSE Ichiro

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Biomass Gasification with Oxygen Enriched Air in Packed Bed Gasifier

YOSHIIE Ryo, SHIRATO Daisuke, ODA Masaya, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 64 ( 207 ) page： 74 - 79 2022

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

<p>Biomass gasification processes are recently attracting attention to produce renewable gaseous fuels as alternatives of fossil fuels. However, raw woody biomass resources to be able to use for biomass gasification are limited because the biomass containing high moisture may lead to low heating values of the gaseous fuels produced, which are inappropriate for the use in gas engines. Then, the introduction of oxygen-enriched air into the gasification reactor has been proposed in this study, which can reduce heat loss during the gasification due to the sensible heat of nitrogen in the gasified gas and increase concentrations of combustible substances in the syngas. Additionally, high partial pressure of oxygen promotes the gasification reaction rates, improving the carbon conversion efficiency. A downdraft packed bed gasifier, which is known to be suitable for small-scale distributed utilization of biomass resources, was selected for woody biomass gasification experiments in this study. After switching the inlet gas from air to oxygen enriched air, the temperature at the top surface of biomass pellet bed rose sharply. The temperature through the packed bed was also kept high under the oxygen enriched air gasification, compared with the normal air gasification. Moreover, the syngas with more H<sub>2</sub> and CO significantly increased. The thermo-equilibrium calculations were conducted to confirm the gaseous compositions and their difference between the air and oxygen enriched air gasification. As a result, the calculation was almost consistent with the experimental results obtained.</p>

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.2103

Reduction Characteristics of Iron Oxide using Carbonaceous Materials Derived from Wastes

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 33 ( 0 ) page： 11 - 17 2022

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from ironmaking processes should be reduced to avoid global warming. One promising solution is the effective utilization of organic waste materials in ironmaking processes. In this study, fundamental research on the application of organic waste materials, carbonized municipal waste (CMW) and carbonized woody biomass (CWB), as reducing agents was conducted experimentally to make metal iron from iron oxide. In the reduction experiments of the mixture of iron oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) with reducing agents (CMW, CWB, coal and graphite), metal iron was obtained with CMW and CWB. This is because the reactivity of fixed carbon in CMW and CWB is higher than that in coal and graphite. As a result, CMW and CWB are usable as reducing agents to make reduced iron.

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.11

Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O on char NO<sub>x</sub> generation behaviors in the waste incineration

SHO Rintaro, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, DENDA Tomohiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2022.32 ( 0 ) page： 2205-08-04 2022

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

<p>In recent years, low air ratio high temperature combustion has become the mainstream in waste stoker incinerators in order to improve boiler efficiencies, while NO<sub>x</sub> generation due to high temperature in the furnace has become a new problem. In this study, the NO<sub>x</sub> generation behavior derived from nitrogen in char was evaluated by simulating the char combustion area in the incinerator in the combustion experiment of the biomass char sample by DTF (Drop tube Furnace) using the combustion atmosphere as a parameter. In particular, we focused on the effects of high-concentration H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations due to exhaust gas recirculation and confirmed that H<sub>2</sub>O contributes to the reduction of NO<sub>x</sub> emissions.</p>

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2022.32.2205-08-04

1-04　Deposition characteristics of Si compounds on the De-NOx catalyst for PC boilers

SHIBATA Ryuya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, OKA Takanori, YOSHIDA Takuya, YATABE Shota

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 58 ( 0 ) page： 8 - 9 2021.10

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>Since a large amount of NOx, that is one of air pollutants, arises from coal combustion process, the SCR method is generally applied for coal-fired power stations to reduce NOx emissions. In the SCR method, NH<sub>3</sub> is introduced into the flue gas at De-NOx catalyst, and NOx is reduced to N<sub>2</sub> by catalytic reaction. This De-NOx catalyst is located upstream of the exhaust gas treatment process, and exposed to a lot of soot and dust particles in the flue gas. Previous studies have revealed that the deterioration of De-NOx catalyst is caused by the deposition of the silica compounds on its surface. Then, the adhesion conditions of these silica compounds were experimentally clarified in this study. De-NOx catalyst samples were exposed to siloxane vapor in simulated flue gas. The formation of silica layer on the surface of De-NOx catalyst was observed by SEM/EDX. The experimental results suggested that silica layer became more explicit in gas including impurities, such as SO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and NO.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.58.0_8

Degradation Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with Trace Hydrocarbons Open Access

ZHANG Hui, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 100 ( 9 ) page： 169 - 176 2021.9

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>The effects of hydrocarbon-contained in fuel gas on SOFC with Ni-YSZ as anode are evaluated in this study. Low concentration of toluene was mixed with 96.9％ hydrogen and 3.1％ steam to simulate bio-syngas, corresponding to current developments of biomass gasification technology. Power generation performance was investigated under Galvano-static-mode with toluene concentrations from 0 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup> to 1900 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup> at 850<sup> </sup>°C for 30 hours. Impedance spectroscopy under OCV conditions was also conducted to assess SOFC’s internal resistance. As the result, SOFC shows a good stability and generation performance without toluene exposure. However, the voltage decreases even under a low concentration of 380 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup> while keeping current density constant at 200 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, this degradation tends to be serious as concentration of toluene increases. Dramatic voltage drop and visible carbon deposition should not be insignificant when toluene’s concentration was 1900 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup>. This performance loss seems to be recovered to a certain extent without serious structure destruction on anode.</p>

DOI： 10.3775/jie.100.169

Degradation Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with Trace Hydrocarbons

Zhang Hui, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki

JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF ENERGY Vol. 100 ( 9 ) page： 169 - 176 2021.9

3-1-3　Effect of Temperature and Gasifying Agents on the Gasification Behavior of Biomass Char

WANG Yuxin, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 38 - 39 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>In recent years, biomass gasification technology has been attracting more and more attention as an environmentally friendly biomass conversion technology. Biomass char gasification is the most important step of the overall operation of biomass gasification. The char gasification reaction is the limiting step in the global gasification reaction and is of major importance in designing biomass gasifier. In this study, biomass char gasification experiments in H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub> and their mixtures were carried out in a batch type vertical tube furnace. The gasification characteristics and temperature dependence of biomass char in various gasifying agents were experimentally investigated. We also studied the mixed atmosphere gasification and found the char reactivity in a mixed atmosphere of steam and carbon dioxide can be expressed as the sum of the individual reactivity obtained in single atmosphere gasification experiments.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.30.0_38

5-1-1　Formations of environmental pollutants from oxy-coal combustion in fluidized bed

Yamanaka Kento, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 122 - 123 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>Oxy-fuel combustion has drawn attention all over the world as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). This technology enriches CO<sub>2</sub> in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with adding pure oxygen to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO<sub>2</sub> for CCS. Meanwhile, bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) combustion has advantages of high combustion efficiency due to its homogeneous particle mixing and temperature. However, there are few studies of BFB boiler with oxy-fuel combustion system focusing on the formation mechanism of sulfur oxides such as SO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>3</sub>. In this study, we focused on the mechanism of sulfur oxides formation under oxy-fuel BFB combustion. We conducted lab-scale BFB coal combustion experiment under air, CO<sub>2</sub>-O<sub>2</sub>, and oxy-fuel conditions, and measured SO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>3</sub> and NO emissions in flue gas. Then, we compare the formation behaviors and reaction mechanisms of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxide under those three atmospheres.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.30.0_122

O-08　Combustion Behaviors of Biomass in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed

KATO Koki, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, NARUKAWA Kimihito, NAKAMURA Hideki

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 16 ( 0 ) page： 19 - 20 2021.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>Woody biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. The use of woody biomass is expected to expand in the future. In order to use biomass efficiently as a fuel, it is necessary to clarify its combustion characteristics. Therefore, in this study, in order to clarify the combustion characteristics of biomass, a biomass combustion experiment was conducted using a bubble fluidized bed. Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) was used as an experimental sample. The effect of temperature on the combustion behaviors of biomass was experimentally considered.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.16.0_19

O-09　Ash Deposition Behaviors in Biomass Fired Boiler

YAMASHITA Tatsuya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, SATO Naoki

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 16 ( 0 ) page： 21 - 22 2021.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>Operational problems in biomass-fired boilers include ash deposition to heat transfer tubes and corrosion of heat transfer tubes. Therefore, in this study, we focused on potassium compounds in biomass and conducted an ash deposition experiment using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In the experiment, potassium-containing mineral (K-feldspar) was used as simulated ash. The amount of ash deposition in various atmospheres was measured. The cross section of samples was observed and analyzed by SEM-EDX, and the atmosphere dependence of the ash deposition characteristics was experimentally considered.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.16.0_21

Tar generation and decomposition in downdraft packed bed reactor for woody biomass gasification

YOSHIIE Ryo, YAMADA Atsushi, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of Thermal Science and Technology Vol. 16 ( 3 ) page： JTST0034 - JTST0034 2021

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers and The Heat Transfer Society of Japan

<p>When the biomass gasifier is connected with a gas engine system directly, tar should be removed from the syngas to prevent the engine from breaking down. A downdraft packed bed gasifier has the advantage for low tar emission because the syngas passes through the char gasification zone downstream of the reactor, where tar compounds can be trapped and decomposed. Then, objective of this study is to confirm the tar decomposition behaviors inside the downdraft packed bed reactor. Woody biomass gasification experiments were carried out, using an auto-thermal downdraft packed bed gasifier. The reactor’s height and inner diameter were 1000mm and 100mm, respectively. Black pine pallets were continuously fed into the reactor from the top. The gasifying agent was air, which was introduced into the reactor at the air-fuel equivalent ratio of 0.49. The packed bed height was kept to be constant at 600mm. The reactor has eleven thermo-couples and eleven sampling ports at the wall along the flow direction. They were used for measurements of temperature profiles and gas compositions in the reactor. Micro-GC was used for the measurement of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>, and FIDGC was used for other hydrocarbons. In some ports among them, tar in syngas was also sampled via dichloromethane scrubbing in ice-bath, and analyzed for molecular weight distributions of tar compounds by TOF-MS. As a result, tar and larger hydrocarbons were confirmed to be generated in the upstream, and then decomposed downstream inside the downdraft reactor.</p>

DOI： 10.1299/jtst.2021jtst0034

Absorption characteristics of mercury in exhaust gas by denitration catalyst

Nakayama Kota, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 32 ( 0 ) page： 409 2021

Fundamental combustion behaviors of dried sewage sludge

YOSHIIE Ryo, KOBAYASHI Kazushi, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, KAWAI Takuya, ENDO Masato

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2021.31 ( 0 ) page： 309 2021

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

<p>It is important to use combustible waste products as sustainable energy resources for reducing the usage of fossil fuels. One of the simplest ways to do that is the thermal recycling, in which waste products are burned in boilers to drive steam turbines and so on. To design boilers with high efficiencies and low environmental impacts, the residence time for char burnout in combustion zone should be appropriately estimated for each solid fuel. Sewage sludge accounts for 20% of industrial waste products discharged in Japan, although the large part of it is just incinerated without thermal recycling. Then, the objective in this study is to investigate fundamental combustion behaviors of sewage sludge as a solid fuel, in particular, to estimate char burnout in sewage sludge combustion, compared with other solid fuels like woody biomass. Thermo-gravimetrical analysis was combined with iso-thermal combustion experiments of dried sewage sludge samples. Effects of temperature and oxygen concentration were examined, and experimental results were analyzed based on reaction kinetics.</p>

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2021.31.309

Combustion rate analysis of woody biomass including volatile matter and fixed carbon

Mizoguchi Soki, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 32 ( 0 ) page： 251 2021

Recent progress in tar removal by char and the applications: A comprehensive analysis

Zeng X., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I., Wang F., Han Z., Xu G.

Carbon Resources Conversion Vol. 3 page： 1 - 18 2020.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Carbon Resources Conversion

Tar catalytic removal by char is a promising technology for gasification process because of its porous structure, good catalytic activity, low cost, and easy to treatment after deactivation. To provide comprehensive information on the tar catalytic removal by char, this study focuses on the ongoing efforts and advances from fundamental researches to the industrial applications. The tar removal efficiency by char much depends on reaction conditions and char property, such as char origin, porous structure, the functional group on char surface, carbon structure, and AAEM components. The typical reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism, and the deactivation, will be introduced. Then, for the different gasification processes, the potential or typical applications of tar removal by char are discussed and compared. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and improvement in scaling up, commercializing tar removal technologies and integrating the gasification process, are also evaluated and analyzed in this review.

DOI： 10.1016/j.crcon.2019.12.001

Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Partial Pressure on Combustion Behavior of Sewage Sludge Char

Kazushi Kobayashi, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse, takuta Kawai

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 31 ( 0 ) page： 227 2020

Effects of gas compositions on NOx formation during char combustion in waste incineration

YOSHIIE Ryo, TSUKAMOTO Kazutaka, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, USUKI Taichi, DENDA Tomohiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2020.30 ( 0 ) page： 304 2020

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

An incineration process is the most dominant method of the waste disposal in Japan. A stoker furnace incinerator is widely used for the waste incineration. In the stoker furnace incinerator, waste products can be sufficiently stirred and burned completely. Recently, low air ratio and high temperature incineration have been applied to the stoke furnace incinerator to improve efficiencies of power generations. However, they result in the increase in the amount of air pollutant NOx due to their higher flame temperatures. In addition, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system, which is also applied into advanced incinerators, makes the NOx formation more complicated. In this research, NOx and other gaseous emissions from RDF char combustion were experimentally analyzed, investigating effects of exhaust gas compositions on NOx formations.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2020.30.304

O-17　Biomass Gasification in Oxygen-enriched Air with Packed Bed Gasifier

ODA Masaya, Shirato Daisuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 15 ( 0 ) page： 31 - 32 2019.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>In recent years, biomass gasification processes are attracting attention to produce renewable gaseous fuels. However, it is difficult to use raw biomass because it has low heating values. So, we considered the introduction of oxygen enriched air. By supplying oxygen-enriched air, the heat loss due to water evaporation can be compensated. It is considered that partial combustion of the fuel can be promoted and sufficient heat can be obtained. In the experiments, we used a packed bed gasifier. This gasifier is small in size and suitable for small-scale distributed utilization of biomass. From the experimental results, it was found that even if moisture content of the wet biomass is high, the gasification of the biomass is possible by increasing the oxygen concentration of the gasifying agent. The syngas contained more H<sub>2</sub> and CO compared with normal biomass gasification.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.15.0_31

P-3-2 Elucidation of gasification behavior of various biomass

SHIRATO Daisuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 248 - 249 2019.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>In recent years, due to problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming, biomass has attracted attention as an alternative energy source. So we focused on biomass gasification. In this study, gasification experiments of three types of biomass are conducted as preliminary experiments of gasification by packed bed gasifier. Assuming that the gas produced when each sample burns completely is assumed as a gasifying agent, the mass loss and gas yield of the sample during gasification were measured.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_248

P-3-9 Effect of mixing various biomasses on combustion behaviors of biomass

KATO Koki, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, NARUKAWA Kimihito, MORII Kazuhiko

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 262 - 263 2019.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

<p>Biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy of fossil fuel. It is expected that the use of woody biomass will increase in the future. In order to use biomass efficiently as fuel, it is necessary to clarify its combustion characteristics. So, in this study, in order to clarify the combustion characteristic of biomass, pyrolysis and combustion experiment during the temperature rising process of two kinds of biomass were conducted by using the thermogravimetric analyzer. Two kinds of woody biomass were used as experimental samples. The effects of mixing each biomass on the combustion behavior of woody biomass were discussed.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_262

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