Faculty Profiles - NARUSE Ichiro

Papers - NARUSE Ichiro

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39. Fundamental experiments of coal and biomass gasification in molten carbonate

IWASAKI Shin, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 41 ( 0 ) page： 83 - 84 2004

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Gasification technology of solid fuels in molten carbonates has been selected as one of the advanced gasification systems. The molten carbonates employed in this study are eutectic salts of Na_2CO_3 (43mol%) and K_2CO_3 (57mol%). As the advantages of utilization of the eutectic salts for coal gasification, the alkali metals play a role for the gasification catalyst, desulfurization solvent and capture material of ash particles. The gasification test results show that the main compositions in the product gas are CO and H_2. H_2S and COS concentrations in the product gas is low enough to introduce the gasified gas into an Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) system, in which H_2S and COS concentrations should be less than 1ppm in the gasified gas.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.41.0_83

1.1 固体の燃焼(1. 燃焼理論,III エネルギー変換技術の進展と研究動向,平成15年における重要なエネルギー関係項目)

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 Vol. 83 ( 8 ) page： 631 - 632 2004

Emissions and Control of Lead and Cadmium during Sludge Combustion

Yao Hong, Naruse Ichiro

アジア・太平洋化学工学会議発表論文要旨集 Vol. 2004 ( 0 ) page： 386 - 386 2004

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

This paper focuses on the emission behaviors of Pb, Cd and Cr during the sewage sludge combustion using a 2 m tall, 40 mm inner diameter electrically heated drop tube furnace. Equilibrium calculations were carried out before to predict the tendency of these trace metal emissions as the same conditions of experiments. The potential use of sorbent to manage emissions of Pb, Cd and Cr for the sewage sludge combustion was also tested. Experimental procedures involved baseline runs of sludge alone and a number of runs with the kaolin addition at 1073, 1148 and 1223K. The sample was collected by the aerosol size fractionation system composed of a water-cooled sampling probe with rapid N2 quenching and a Low Pressure Impactor (LPI). Particle size distributions (PSDs) indicate that most of Pb and Cd are contained in the fine particles (less than 1µm). However, Cr compounds are not enriched in the fine particulates. Since the equilibrium calculations predict that Pb and Cd vaporize at above 973K, these results are due to Pb and Cd vaporization and subsequent reaction in the furnace and/or nucleation in the probe. The addition of 5 % dispersed kaolin power causes an approximate 51 % of Pb and 40 % Cd reduction in the fine particles at the temperature of 1223K during sewage sludge combustion. Pb compound in coarse particles becomes insoluble because of the reaction with kaolin in the furnace.

DOI： 10.11491/apcche.2004.0.386.0

NO and N2O Formation/Decomposition Characteristics during Co-Combustion of Coal with Biomass

Gani Asri, Naruse Ichiro

アジア・太平洋化学工学会議発表論文要旨集 Vol. 2004 ( 0 ) page： 554 - 554 2004

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

Co-combustion technologies of coal with biomass have been applied in several practical coal boilers in order to reduce CO2 emission, fuel cost and so forth. Furthermore, the biomass may be able to enhance the combustion performance and to control NOx emission, since the biomass contains high volatile matter and evolves NH3 as volatile-N species. Emission of NOx from coal combustion has recently become a subject of intense research, because of its increasing concentrations in the atmosphere and its known ability to deplete the ozone layer and also contribute to the Greenhouse effect. However, fundamental combustion and NOx emission characteristics for biomass and mixtures of coal with biomass have not been elucidated precisely yet. From these viewpoints, co-combustion technology is one of the candidates to reduce the NOx emission and enhance the effective utilization of both low-grade coals and biomasses. In this study, fundamentals of pyrolysis characteristics of several types of biomass were studied first, using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The combustion behaviour of biomass, coal and its mixture were tested, using electrically heated drop tube furnace. In the combustion test, the ignition behaviour, Combustion efficiency and NOx (NO and N2O) emission behaviour were focused, based on the results of gas compositions along the furnace axis. The main results obtained show that biomass can enhance the ignition characteristics of the low-volatile coal during co-combustion. NO and N2O formation during the co-combustion affects effect of coal combustion even if the input fuel nitrogen becomes half of that under coal combustion condition. At least NO behavior can be simulated by the homogeneous reaction scheme relating to NOx even at constant temperature. During biomass combustion, fine particulates less than 2 µm are produced as ash particles. Burning biomass with coal shifts the particle size distribution from fine particles to coarse particles.

DOI： 10.11491/apcche.2004.0.554.0

Mechanism of Ash Deposition in Pulverized Coal Reaction under High Temperature Conditions

Naruse Ichiro, Miyauchi Yoshiki, Kato Yuji, Yamashita Toru, Tominaga Hiroaki

アジア・太平洋化学工学会議発表論文要旨集 Vol. 2004 ( 0 ) page： 269 - 269 2004

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

When mineral matters in coal transform during the reaction, the ash compositions as well as the particle size distribution vary. This phenomenon affects fundamental characteristics of ash deposition. In the experiment, three types of coal with the different melting temperature and ash content were burned under the condition of high-temperature air pulverized coal reaction. A water-cooled tube was inserted into the furnace to make the ash adhere. Particle size and composition distributions of ash particles in both reacting coal particles and depositing layer were analyzed, using a Computer Controlled Scanning Microscope (CCSEM). As a result, quantity of the ash deposition on the tube surface increases with a decrease of the melting temperature of coal ash. The growth rate for the coal with low ash-melting temperature became higher. For structure of the deposit layer, fine particles of size less than 3 mm mainly consisted of the initial layer for three types of coal, and the thickness was about 30 mm. Deposition of fine particulates of about 3 mm became a trigger of initial deposition at the stagnation point of tube even if the different types of coal were burned. This phenomenon was also simulated by a simple deposition model, which considered turbulence of flow field, thermophoresis force to the ash particles and so forth. The chemical compositions of ash particles in the reacting particles differed from those in the initial deposition layer. This suggests that the chemical compositions also contribute to the ash deposition phenomena.

DOI： 10.11491/apcche.2004.0.269.0

Enrichment Mechanisms of Alkali Metal Compounds in Fine Particulates during Coal Combustion

Takuwa Tsuyoshi, Naruse Ichiro

アジア・太平洋化学工学会議発表論文要旨集 Vol. 2004 ( 0 ) page： 549 - 549 2004

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

Some trace metal compounds in the fuel tend to be enriched in the fine particulates. The fine particulates with the size of less than 1 m as well as hot metallic vapor with alkali metal compounds cause erosive and corrosive effects to blades of a gas turbine. Therefore, it is necessary to understand behaviors and mechanisms of fine particulates formation with alkali metal compounds during coal combustion. Combustion tests were conducted, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace to burn two types of coal with different Na and K concentrations. The burning particles were collected by a Low Pressure Impactor (LPI). As a result, the enrichment mechanism of Na was elucidated by the size distribution of Na concentration in the fine particulates collected in each stage of the LPI. For the fine particulates, the enrichment phenomena were controlled by an internal reaction of Na compounds vapor with fine ash particulates or nucleation, which depended on the coal type. For the relatively coarse particulates, on the other hand, the gas film diffusion controlled the enrichment of Na compounds into the ash particles with the chemical reactions of Na compounds vapor with the those ash particles.

DOI： 10.11491/apcche.2004.0.549.0

Effect of coal type on emission characteristics of alkali metal compounds in particulate matters

Takuwa T.

Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion page： 229 - 233 2003.12

Formation Characteristics of Fine Particulates with Na Compounds during Coal Combustion

Takuwa Tsuyoshi, Mkilaha I. S. N., Naruse Ichiro

Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol. 36 ( 11 ) page： 1347 - 1351 2003.11

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

Some metal compounds in coal vaporize and form fumes during the combustion. The fumes are usually exhausted through the flue gas. For coal-fired combined power generation systems such as pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC), hot metallic vapors may contact with the surfaces of gas-turbine blades. Since this contact of the hot vapors with the surface has a corrosive effect, it is necessary to control the formation of those fumes, which contain alkali metal compounds. In this paper, the evolution behavior of alkali metal compounds, especially sodium compounds, has been studied, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace with a low-pressure impactor. The main objective in this study is to elucidate the conditions and the possible mechanisms to form alkali metal compounds in particulate matter during combustion. Two types of coal with different sodium contents were tested, where the coal conversion characteristics were established. Furthermore, the evolution and inclusion of sodium compounds into the sub-micron particles were studied in relation to the particle size distribution and sodium fraction distribution in the collected particulates. The study proved that the evolution and inclusion of sodium on sub-micron particles depended on the functions of the coal type. The reaction-controlled mechanism and heterogeneous condensation via chemical reactions during the combustion much more influenced the inclusion of sodium in sub-micron particles. At the coarse particles of above about 0.5 μm, the reaction that formed the particles was mainly via gas film diffusion surrounding the particle.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.36.1347

Scopus

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Effect of NaCl-Doping on the Calcination Characteristics in Desulfurization Processes

Murakami Takahiro, Kurita Noriyuki, Naruse Ichiro

Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol. 36 ( 3 ) page： 225 - 230 2003.3

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

Desulfurization performance of wasted seashells was found to be over twice as high as that of limestone, which was currently used as a desulfurizer in fluidized bed coal combustors. NaCl-doping into limestone was also found to be effective in improving the desulfurization efficiency. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of calcined seashell, limestone and NaCl-doped limestone, on the other hand, not only the calcined seashell but also the NaCl-doped limestone had strong peaks of CaO crystal, and those two materials also had high desulfurization activity. This improvement was hypothesized to be due to NaCl causing a change in the crystal structure of CaO. In order to elucidate the effect of NaCl addition on the CaO crystal structure in the incineration of CaCO3, the change of structures was simulated by means of molecular dynamics simulations of CaO. In the simulation one molecule of NaCl was exchanged into one molecule of CaO. A pair correlation functions and the distances between Ca and O atoms, which were obtained by the simulations, were compared with those from the crystal CaO. NaCl-doping affected the crystalization temperature of CaO. The crystallization temperature increased due to adding a little bit of NaCl. From the result of the pair correlation functions obtained in NaCl-doped CaO, the difference of the potential energy of NaCl from that of CaO seemed to contribute to the crystallization of the bulk of CaO. The simulation and experimental results obtained suggested that NaCl-doping contributed to crystallizing the CaO molecules.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.36.225

Scopus

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Effect of NaCl-doping on the Calcination Characteristics in Desulfurization Processes Reviewed

T. Murakami, N. Kurita and I. Naruse

Journal of Chemical Engineering, Japan Vol. 36 ( 3 ) page： 225-230 2003.3

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Effect of NaCl-doping on the Calcination Characteristics in Desulfurization Processes Reviewed

T. Murakami, N. Kurita, I. Naruse

Journal of Chemical Engineering, Japan Vol. 36 ( 3 ) page： 225-230 2003.3

1-10. Behaviors of Ash Deposition under High-temperature Pulverized Coal Reaction Conditions

KATO Yuji, MIYAUCHI Yoshiki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 12 ( 0 ) page： 42 - 43 2003

Fundamental Study on Co-combustion Characteristics of Low-grade Coal with Biomass

GANI Asri, NISHIKAWA Kunihiro, MORISHITA Keiju, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2003 ( 0 ) page： 107 - 110 2003

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Fundamental pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of several types of biomass were studied, using a thermogravimetric analyzer. An electrically heated drop tube furnace was employed to elucidate the effect of the biomass addition on the combustion behavior, NOx emission characteristics and ash formation. The results obtained show that pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of biomass depend on lignin and cellulose compositions in the biomass. The biomass can enhance the ignition of the low-grade coal. However, NO and N_2O emission behaviors under the co-combustion condition resemble those under the coal combustion condition. When the only biomass is burned, fine particulates of less than 2μm are produced. However, the coal ash captures the fine particulates from biomass during co-combustion.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2003.13.107

Emission behavior and control of trace metal components during dried swage sludge combustion

TAKIGAWA Yohei, YAO Hong, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2003 ( 0 ) page： 103 - 106 2003

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Trace metal components in wastes evolve and/or concentrate in fine particulates during the combustion or incineration processes. Some of them may be emitted as a gaseous phase or fine particulates to the atmosphere. When released to the atmosphere, however, those compounds may cause adverse effects to the ecological system. In this study, the optimum sorbent to capture them during combustion is tested in burning dried sewage sludge at temperature ranging from 1073 to 1223 K, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Both formation behaviors of particulate mater and capture characteristics of trace elements by the optimum sorbent are discussed under practical combustion conditions. This study also conducts the leaching test of trace metals in the by-product.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2003.13.103

1.1 固体の燃焼(1. 燃焼理論,III エネルギー変換技術の進展と研究動向,平成14年における重要なエネルギー関係事項)

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 Vol. 82 ( 7 ) page： 462 - 463 2003

58. Effect of surface treatment technology on adhesion control of pulverized coal ashes

NAGANUMA Hiroshi, NARUSE Yuichi, NARUSE Ichiro, KATO Yushi, MIYAUCHI Yoshiki, ITO Tadashi, MIKI Ryouji

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 40 ( 0 ) page： 118 - 119 2003

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In pulverized coal combustors, melting ashes generated during combustion usually adhere to surface of heat exchanger tubes, so that the ash deposition forms a insulation layer surrounding the tubes. In order to prevent this problem, surface treatment technology of the tube to control the ash adhesion was applied in this study. Test pieces with various surface properties were inserted into actual coal combustion atmosphere to evaluate the adhesion characteristics. After the adhesion tests, the amount of ash deposition, physical and chemical analyses of ash deposition layer and so forth were performed. Consequently, the ash adhesion could be controlled by the surface treatment technology.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.40.0_118

E155 石炭とバイオマスの混焼特性

ガニアスリ, 西川国博, 森下桂樹, 成瀬一郎

熱工学コンファレンス講演論文集 Vol. 2003 ( 0 ) page： 201 - 202 2003

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：一般社団法人日本機械学会

Fundamentals of pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of several types of biomass were studied, using a thermogravimetric analyzer. In order to elucidate effect of the biomass addition on coal combustion behavior, combustion performance, NOx emission characteristics and ash formation were discussed, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. The results obtained showed that pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of biomass depended on lignin and cellulose composition in the biomass. The biomass could enhance the ignition of the low-rank coal. However, NO and N_2O emission behaviors under the co-combustion condition resembled those under the coal combustion. When the biomass was burned alone, fine particulates of less than 2,, m are produced. Under the co-combustion condition, coal ash could capture the fine particulates from the biomass during combustion.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeted.2003.201

59. Deposition experiment of simulated coal ash by thermal spraying burner

Kato Yuji, Miyauchi Yoshiki, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 40 ( 0 ) page： 120 - 121 2003

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Recently, high temperature coal utilization technologies have been focused. However, those technologies have some problems such as slagging and fouling due to molten coal ash. Therefore, it is necessary to study characterization of ash deposition and its mechanisms. This work studies fundamental characteristics on ash deposition, using a thermal spraying burner. Several kinds of inorganic particle are tested as a simulated coal ash. In the experiments, the deposition mass was weighed, and cross-section of the deposition layers was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.40.0_120

Integration of a transposon into the Gli3 gene in the Pdn mouse.

Ueta E, Nanba E, Naruse I

Congenital anomalies Vol. 42 ( 4 ) page： 318 - 22 2002.12

Comparative Study of Lead and Cadmium Compounds Capture by Sorbents

Yao Hong, Saito Noboru, Mkilaha Iddi S.N., NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol. 35 ( 5 ) page： 401 - 408 2002.5

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

Trace metal compounds, which are emitted from combustion systems such as waste incinerators, coal combustors, and so forth, enrich in fine particulates, usually formed during various stages of combustion. Owing to the difficulties of capturing fine particulates by conventional particulate dust collection systems, these are exhausted in the atmosphere. Fundamentals of the emission and control of trace metal compounds of lead and cadmium were studied at relatively low temperature (1073–1273 K), using a thermobalance. In order to capture these trace metal compounds, seven types of sorbent, namely alumina, silica, kaolin, limestone, scallop, zeolite and apatite, were used. As a result, the natural aluminosilicate materials like kaolin and zeolite were found to be effective in capturing lead and cadmium chemically. Although the presence of HCl decreases capture efficiencies, the products didn’t react with HCl. The types of kaolin had a little influence on the capture efficiency and processes in general. On the other hand, the calcium-based sorbents like limestone, scallop and apatite, could capture both the trace metals and chlorine. On the presence of HCl, the capture efficiencies of these sorbents decreased sharply. Both alumina and silica have low ability to capture trace metal compounds. Moreover, in reducing atmosphere, all sorbents showed low capture abilities since the products were reduced.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.35.401

Scopus

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