研究者詳細 - 大平　英樹

論文 - 大平　英樹

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Attenuated right ventricular energetics evaluated using <sup>11</sup>C-acetate PET in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Yoshinaga K., Ohira H., Tsujino I., Oyama-Manabe N., Mielniczuk L., Beanlands R.S.B., Katoh C., Kasai K., Manabe O., Sato T., Fujii S., Ito Y.M., Tomiyama Y., Nishimura M., Tamaki N.

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 41 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 1240 - 1250 2014年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Purpose: The right ventricle (RV) has a high capacity to adapt to pressure or volume overload before failing. However, the mechanisms of RV adaptation, in particular RV energetics, in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are still not well understood. We aimed to evaluate RV energetics including RV oxidative metabolism, power and efficiency to adapt to increasing pressure overload in patients with PH using 11C-acetate PET. Methods: In this prospective study, 27 patients with WHO functional class II/III PH (mean pulmonary arterial pressure 39.8±13.5 mmHg) and 9 healthy individuals underwent 11C-acetate PET. 11C-acetate PET was used to simultaneously measure oxidative metabolism (k mono) for the left ventricle (LV) and RV. LV and RV efficiency were also calculated. Results: The RV ejection fraction in PH patients was lower than in controls (p=0.0054). There was no statistically significant difference in LV k mono (p=0.09). In contrast, PH patients showed higher RV k mono than did controls (0.050±0.009 min-1 vs. 0.030±0.006 min-1, p<0.0001). PH patients exhibited significantly increased RV power (p<0.001) and hence increased RV efficiency compared to controls (0.40±0.14 vs. 0.017±0.12 mmHg·mL·min/g, p=0.001). Conclusion: The RV oxidative metabolic rate was increased in patients with PH. Patients with WHO functional class II/III PH also had increased RV power and efficiency. These findings may indicate a myocardial energetics adaptation response to increasing pulmonary arterial pressure. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

DOI： 10.1007/s00259-014-2736-4

Scopus

INFLUENCES OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON FUNCTIONAL BRAIN-BODY ASSOCIATION IN DECISION-MAKING

Ohira Hideki, Matsunaga Masahiro, Yamakawa Kaori, Toyama Asako

PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE 76 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： A32 - A32 2014年4月

島の機能と自己感査読有り

大平英樹

Brain and Nerve 66 巻頁： 417-427 2014年

意思決定と島の機能査読有り

大平英樹

神経心理学 30 巻頁： 11-18 2014年

Dual learning processes underlying human decision-making in reversal learning tasks: functional significance and evidence from the model fit to human behavior.

Bai Y, Katahira K, Ohira H

Frontiers in psychology 5 巻 ( AUG ) 頁： 871 2014年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Psychology

Humans are capable of correcting their actions based on actions performed in the past, and this ability enables them to adapt to a changing environment. The computational field of reinforcement learning (RL) has provided a powerful explanation for understanding such processes. Recently, the dual learning system, modeled as a hybrid model that incorporates value update based on reward-prediction error and learning rate modulation based on the surprise signal, has gained attention as a model for explaining various neural signals. However, the functional significance of the hybrid model has not been established. In the present study, we used computer simulation in a reversal learning task to address functional significance in a probabilistic reversal learning task. The hybrid model was found to perform better than the standard RL model in a large parameter setting. These results suggest that the hybrid model is more robust against the mistuning of parameters compared with the standard RL model when decision-makers continue to learn stimulus-reward contingencies, which can create abrupt changes. The parameter fitting results also indicated that the hybrid model fit better than the standard RL model for more than 50% of the participants, which suggests that the hybrid model has more explanatory power for the behavioral data than the standard RL model. © 2014 Bai, Katahira and Ohira.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00871

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Neural and sympathetic activity associated with exploration in decision-making: further evidence for involvement of insula.

Ohira H, Ichikawa N, Kimura K, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 8 巻 ( November ) 頁： 381 - 12 2014年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

We previously reported that sympathetic activity was associated with exploration in decision-making indexed by entropy, which is a concept in information theory and indexes randomness of choices or the degree of deviation from sticking to recent experiences of gains and losses, and that activation of the anterior insula mediated this association. The current study aims to replicate and to expand these findings in a situation where contingency between options and outcomes is manipulated. Sixteen participants performed a stochastic decision-making task in which we manipulated a condition with low uncertainty of gain/loss (contingent-reward condition) and a condition with high uncertainty of gain/loss (random-reward condition). Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET), and cardiovascular parameters and catecholamine in the peripheral blood were measured, during the task. In the contingent-reward condition, norepinephrine as an index of sympathetic activity was positively correlated with entropy indicating exploration in decision-making. Norepinephrine was negatively correlated with neural activity in the right posterior insula, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and dorsal pons, suggesting neural bases for detecting changes of bodily states. Furthermore, right anterior insular activity was negatively correlated with entropy, suggesting influences on exploration in decision-making. By contrast, in the random-reward condition, entropy correlated with activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices but not with sympathetic activity. These findings suggest that influences of sympathetic activity on exploration in decision-making and its underlying neural mechanisms might be dependent on the degree of uncertainty of situations.

DOI： 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00381

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Genetic variations in the human cannabinoid receptor gene are associated with happiness.

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Yamakawa K, Fukuyama S, Shinoda J, Yamada J, Ohira H

PloS one 9 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： e93771 2014年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PLoS ONE

Happiness has been viewed as a temporary emotional state (e.g., pleasure) and a relatively stable state of being happy (subjective happiness level). As previous studies demonstrated that individuals with high subjective happiness level rated their current affective states more positively when they experience positive events, these two aspects of happiness are interrelated. According to a recent neuroimaging study, the cytosine to thymine single-nucleotide polymorphism of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene is associated with sensitivity to positive emotional stimuli. Thus, we hypothesized that our genetic traits, such as the human cannabinoid receptor 1 genotypes, are closely related to the two aspects of happiness. In Experiment 1, 198 healthy volunteers were used to compare the subjective happiness level between cytosine allele carriers and thymine-thymine carriers of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene. In Experiment 2, we used positron emission tomography with 20 healthy participants to compare the brain responses to positive emotional stimuli of cytosine allele carriers to that of thymine-thymine carriers. Compared to thymine-thymine carriers, cytosine allele carriers have a higher subjective happiness level. Regression analysis indicated that the cytosine allele is significantly associated with subjective happiness level. The positive mood after watching a positive film was significantly higher for the cytosine allele carriers compared to the thymine-thymine carriers. Positive emotion-related brain region such as the medial prefrontal cortex was significantly activated when the cytosine allele carriers watched the positive film compared to the thyminethymine carriers. Thus, the human cannabinoid receptor 1 genotypes are closely related to two aspects of happiness. Compared to thymine-thymine carriers, the cytosine allele carriers of the human cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, who are sensitive to positive emotional stimuli, exhibited greater magnitude positive emotions when they experienced positive events and had a higher subjective happiness level. © 2014 Matsunaga et al.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0093771

大平英樹

感情心理学研究 21 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 91 - 91 2014年

実行系機能課題遂行による自動的感情制御 : 事象関連脳電位を用いた検討(日本基礎心理学会第32回大会,大会発表要旨)

飯田沙依亜, 木村元洋, 木村健太, 林俊介, 大庭丈幸, 大平英樹, 金子一史

基礎心理学研究 32 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 247 - 248 2014年

持続的な不信感の神経相関

鈴木敦命, 木山幸子, 國見充展, 大平英樹, 川口潤, 中井敏晴

感情心理学研究 22 巻 ( Supplement ) 頁： 24 - 24 2014年

感情的意思決定を支える脳と身体の機能的関連査読有り

大平英樹

心理学評論 57 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 98 - 123 2014年

島の機能と自己感査読有り

大平英樹

Brain and Nerve 66 巻頁： 417-427 2014年

意思決定と島の機能査読有り

大平英樹

神経心理学 30 巻頁： 11 - 18 2014年

意思決定と島の機能査読有り

大平英樹

神経心理学 30 巻頁： 11-18 2014年

Eye movements during emotion recognition in faces

Schurgin, MW; Nelson, J; Iida, S; Ohira, H; Franconeri, SL; Franconeri, SL

JOURNAL OF VISION 14 巻 ( 13 ) 頁： 14 2014年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Journal of Vision

When distinguishing whether a face displays a certain emotion, some regions of the face may contain more useful information than others. Here we ask whether people differentially attend to distinct regions of a face when judging different emotions. Experiment 1 measured eye movements while participants discriminated between emotional (joy, anger, fear, sadness, shame, and disgust) and neutral facial expressions. Participant eye movements primarily fell in five distinct regions (eyes, upper nose, lower nose, upper lip, nasion). Distinct fixation patterns emerged for each emotion, such as a focus on the lips for joyful faces and a focus on the eyes for sad faces. These patterns were strongest for emotional faces but were still present when viewers sought evidence of emotion within neutral faces, indicating a goal-driven influence on eye-gaze patterns. Experiment 2 verified that these fixation patterns tended to reflect attention to the most diagnostic regions of the face for each emotion. Eye movements appear to follow both stimulus-driven and goal-driven perceptual strategies when decoding emotional information from a face.

DOI： 10.1167/14.13.14

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Effects of uncovering gaze target mismatch in human-robot joint visual attention on evaluation of understanding and impressions of robot. 査読有り

Takeshi Konno, Shoji Nagataki, Masayoshi Shibata, Takashi Hashimoto, Hideki Ohira

Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2014, Quebec City, Canada, July 23-26, 2014 2014年

Modulation of emotion by cognitive activity

Iida S., Tanabe H., Nakao T., Ohira H.

Psihologijske Teme 22 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 205 - 219 2013年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Psihologijske Teme

While emotions themselves are beneficial for our survival, they are also the targets to be regulated appropriately to adapt to social environments. Previous studies have demonstrated that cognitive strategies such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression can effectively enhance and attenuate emotions. Such cognitive strategies of emotion regulation are based on cortical modulation of sub-cortical emotion-related brain regions. Though in the prior studies emotion regulation was conducted in parallel with or after the emotion elicitation, a series of our studies showed that prior cognitive activities can automatically and unintentionally attenuate subsequent emotional responses. In this article, after reviewing the previous findings about emotion regulation, we introduce our empirical findings showing that cognitive activities where the neural system of emotion regulation would be recruited can unintentionally and automatically dampen psychological and physiological emotional responses. Finally, we propose possible neural mechanisms underlying modulation of emotion by cognitive activity.

Scopus

急性ストレスがPavlovian-instrumental-transferの学習プロセスに与える影響

山川香織, 松永昌宏, 大平英樹

ストレス科学 28 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 209 - 209 2013年10月

プルースト現象と炎症反応との関連

松永昌宏, 山川香織, 大平英樹, 柏木光義

ストレス科学 28 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 210 - 210 2013年10月

Association between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and subjective happiness level in Japanese adults. 査読有り

Matsunaga M, Isowa T, Yamakawa K, Ohira H

Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice 2013年10月

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