CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objective: Severe pain and other symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), such as allodynia and hyperalgesia, are associated with abnormal resting-state brain network activity. No studies to date have examined resting-state brain networks in CRPS patients using electroencephalography (EEG), which can clarify the temporal dynamics of brain networks. Methods: We conducted microstate analysis using resting-state EEG signals to prospectively reveal direct correlations with pain intensity in CRPS patients (n = 17). Five microstate topographies were fitted back to individual CRPS patients' EEG data, and temporal microstate measures were subsequently calculated. Results: Our results revealed five distinct microstates, termed microstates A to E, from resting EEG data in patients with CRPS. Microstates C, D and E were significantly correlated with pain intensity before pain treatment. Particularly, microstates D and E were significantly improved together with pain alleviation after pain treatment. As microstates D and E in the present study have previously been related to attentional networks and the default mode network, improvement in these networks might be related to pain relief in CRPS patients. Conclusions: The functional alterations of these brain networks affected the pain intensity of CRPS patients. Therefore, EEG microstate analyses may be used to identify surrogate markers for pain intensity.

DOI： 10.1177/15500594231204174

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本末梢神経学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This work aimed to investigate the involvement of the thalamic nuclei in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and identify the influence of interictal epileptic discharges on the neural basis of memory processing by evaluating the functional connectivity (FC) between the thalamic nuclei and default mode network-related area (DMNRA) using magnetoencephalography. Preoperative datasets of nine patients with MTLE with seizure-free status after surgery and those of nine healthy controls were analyzed. The FC between the thalamic nuclei (anterior nucleus [ANT], mediodorsal nucleus [MD], intralaminar nuclei [IL]), hippocampus, and DMNRA was examined for each of the resting, pre-spike, spike, and post-spike periods in the delta to ripple bands using magnetoencephalography. The FC between the ANT, MD, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex increased in the gamma to ripple bands, whereas the FC between the ANT, IL, and DMNRA decreased in the delta to beta bands, compared with that of the healthy controls at rest. Compared with the rest period, the pre-spike period had significantly decreased FC between the ANT, MD, and DMNRA in the ripple band. Different FC changes between the thalamic nuclei, hippocampus, and DMNRA of specific connections in a particular band may reflect impairment or compensation in the memory processes.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-37834-2

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Mark Allen Group  

Background/Aims

Early mobilisation after acute stroke is recommended worldwide, and autonomic dysfunction is a common complication. However, little is known about autonomic adaptation to postural changes during early mobilisation. The aim of the present study was to clarify the recovery process of autonomic dysfunction after acute stroke regarding adaptation to postural changes.

Methods

A total of 23 patients (mean age 60 ± 11 years) were included in this observational study. Those with a history of arrhythmia, heart failure and diabetes mellitus with diabetic neuropathy were excluded. Autonomic functions were assessed using heart rate variability. Electrocardiograms were recorded when the patients were lying down, sitting up and then lying back down again for 5 minutes in each position. The indices of heart rate variability, total power, high frequency band and low frequency/high frequency ratio, which correspond to total, parasympathetic and sympathetic activity respectively, were calculated to evaluate participants’ autonomic function during the 7 days after the onset of stroke.

Results

From days 3 to 7 after stroke onset, the low frequency/high frequency ratio was significantly higher, and the total power and high frequency were reciprocally lower in the sitting position than in the supine position. On day 7, the total power and high frequency were significantly higher while the low frequency/high frequency ratio was lower than the total power and high frequency values that were recorded on the second and third days after stroke. Blood pressure levels and heart rates also changed, corresponding to changes in heart rate variability.

Conclusions

The patients’ autonomic function, as well as heart rate and blood pressure levels, changed gradually during the first 7 days after onset of stroke. The results could lead to optimised clinical practice in safe early stroke rehabilitation.

DOI： 10.12968/ijtr.2021.0033

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本手外科学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC  

This prospective study investigated psychological factors affecting wound healing in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Fifty patients with PAD in a local hospital were enrolled. The Geriatric Depression Scale short version, Type-D scale 14, Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Functional Independence Measure, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale, Barriers Self-Efficacy Scale, and Mini Nutritional Assessment were applied to assess physical and psychological factors. Wound occurrence and healing were evaluated at 6 months after discharge, and 34 and 30 patients could be followed, respectively. The patient group with wound occurrence showed poorer mental component score (MCS) and better role/social component score (RCS) category scores of SF-36, and a higher stage in the Fontaine classification, than those without wound occurrence. On comparing Fontaine classification-matched subgroups, patients with wound occurrence showed poorer general health factor and MCS and better RCS of SF-36 than those without wound occurrence. Logistic analysis showed that MCS and RCS predicted wound occurrence and needs for local medical treatment, respectively. Among the psychological factors tested, MCS was a major factor associated with wound occurrence in the present study, with wide variation in clinical conditions and factors associated with PAD. Psychological factors were important as biological, physical, and social factors for patients with PAD during the long-term follow-up period, and an appropriate battery to evaluate psychological factors focused on patients with PAD should be developed.

DOI： 10.1177/1534734620943813

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Accumulating evidence from anatomical and neuroimaging studies suggests that the cerebellum is engaged in a variety of motor and cognitive tasks. Given its various functions, a key question is whether the cerebellum also plays an important role in the brain's integrative functions. Here, we hypothesize the existence of connector regions, also known as connector hubs, where multiple resting state networks converged in the cerebellum. To verify this, we employed a recently developed voxel-level network measure called functional connectivity overlap ratio (FCOR), which could be used to quantify the spatial extent of a region's connection to several large-scale cortical networks. Using resting state functional MRI data from 101 healthy participants, cerebellar FCOR maps were constructed and used to identify the locations of connector hubs in the cerebellum. Results showed that a number of cerebellar regions exhibited strong connectivity with multiple functional networks, verifying our hypothesis. These highly connected regions were located in the posterior cerebellum, especially in lobules VI, VII, and IX, and mainly connected to the core neurocognitive networks such as default mode and executive control networks. Regions associated with the sensorimotor network were also localized in lobule V, VI, and VIII, albeit in small clusters. These cerebellar connector hubs may play an essential role in the processing of information across the core neurocognitive networks.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119263

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：メジカルビュー社  

＜文献概要＞慢性疼痛を生じている状態では,疼痛に関連する感覚系に変化が生じているばかりではなく広範囲の脳領域に影響が及んでいる。疼痛の認識は,侵害刺激によって生じる一方,脳の基本活動を決定する複数の神経ネットワークやネットワーク相互の変化によって形成されている可能性がある。それらは感覚・運動機能や認知機能,自律神経活動や自己表出などにさまざまな程度で影響を及ぼし,合併症としての機能障害を生じると考えられる。

DOI： 10.18885/jjs.0000001055

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists  

The purpose of this study was to facilitate screening of attentional functions and to simplify clinical reasoning including prognostic predictions of daily activity. We created and conducted stepwise tasks to observe the improvement process of the attention deficit for every achieved level. Subjects were 14 patients (6 males and 8 females, mean age:74.9 (8.7) (SD)) with cerebrovascular diseases, admitted within 2 months of onset. Using the change of the achievement level of this task, we analyzed the improvement process of the attention function and the relationship between outcomes of the task and existing assessments and daily activity. As a result, the achievement level of the task and existing assessments scores of the subjects were significantly improved. In addition, achievement of the tasks in the initial and final stages significantly correlated with the initial and last scores of existing assessments and daily activity. The achievement level in this task suggested that we could infer an achievement level of daily activity in patients with attention deficits. The present study suggests that a program and scene setting on matching the level of individual attention deficits were possible.

DOI： 10.32178/jotr.41.1_94

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The aging brain undergoes structural changes even in very healthy individuals. Quantifying these changes could help disentangle pathologic changes from those associated with the normal human aging process. Using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 227 carefully selected healthy human cohort with age ranging from 50 to 80 years old at baseline scan, we quantified age-related volumetric changes in the brain of healthy human older adults. Longitudinally, the rates of tissue loss in total gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were 2497.5 and 2579.8 mm3 per year, respectively. Across the whole brain, the rates of GM decline varied with regions in the frontal and parietal lobes having faster rates of decline, whereas some regions in the occipital and temporal lobes appeared relatively preserved. In contrast, cross-sectional changes were mainly observed in the temporal-occipital regions. Similar longitudinal atrophic changes were also observed in subcortical regions including thalamus, hippocampus, putamen, and caudate, whereas the pallidum showed an increasing volume with age. Overall, regions maturing late in development (frontal, parietal) are more vulnerable to longitudinal decline, whereas those that fully mature in the early stage (temporal, occipital) are mainly affected by cross-sectional changes in healthy older cohort. This may suggest that, for a successful healthy aging, the former needs to be maximally developed at an earlier age to compensate for the longitudinal decline later in life and the latter to remain relatively preserved even in old age, consistent with both concepts of reserve and brain maintenance.

DOI： 10.1523/ENEURO.0455-21.2022

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Background: Neural connectivity in brain has been known as indicators for neural function and recovery of brain. Although previous studies reported that neural connectivity predicted the recovery of upper limb function after stroke, the relationship between neural connectivity and lower limb function has not been clear.Objectives: To clarify whether functional connectivity (FC) assessed by electroencephalographiy (EEG) with five electrodes placed on motor-related areas could be related to the functional motor recovery of the lower limbs in patients after stroke.Methods: Twenty-four patients with stroke during the recovery phase were recruited. Motor function of the lower limbs was assessed using Fugl-Meyer Assessment lower limb section (FMAL). EEG signals were recorded by five electrodes (C3, C4, FC3, FC4, and FCz) at rest and during ankle movement. Amplitude envelope correlations, as values for FC, were calculated in α (8-12 Hz), β (13-30 Hz), low-β (13-19 Hz), and high-β (20-30 Hz) frequency bands. The predictive regression equation of the FMAL score in the eighth week after stroke (8 W) was created by FCs in the fourth week (4 W).Results: The higher intra-hemispheric FC in both hemispheres in the resting state and during the ankle movement at 4 W was related to a higher lower limb function at 8 W. Additionally, the higher inter-hemispheric FC between M1 on both sides during the ankle movement was related to a higher function recovery.Conclusions: The intra- and inter-hemispheric FC among motor-related areas at 4 W after stroke might be related to the functional recovery of the lower limbs at 8 W.

DOI： 10.1080/10749357.2020.1864986

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Purpose: Maintenance of cognitive performance is important for healthy aging. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between brain networks and cognitive function in subjects maintaining relatively good cognitive performance. Methods: A total of 120 subjects, with equal number of participants from each age group between 20 and 70 years, were included in this study. Only participants with Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R) total score greater than 83 were included. Anatomical T1-weighted MR images and resting-state functional MR images (rsfMRIs) were taken from all participants using a 3-tesla MRI scanner. After preprocessing, several factors associated with age including the ACE-R total score, scores of five domains, sub-scores of ACE-R, and brain volumes were tested. Morphometric changes associated with age were analyzed using voxel based morphometry (VBM) and changes in resting state networks (RSNs) were examined using dual regression analysis. Results: Significant negative correlations with age were seen in the total gray matter volume (GMV, r = -0.58), and in the memory, attention, and visuospatial domains. Among the different sub-scores, the score of the delayed recall (DR) showed the highest negative correlation with age (r = -0.55, p < 0.001). In VBM analysis, widespread regions demonstrated negative correlation with age, but none with any of the cognitive scores. Quadratic approximations of cognitive scores as functions of age showed relatively delayed decline compared to total GMV loss. In dual regression analysis, some cognitive networks, including the dorsal default mode network, the lateral dorsal attention network, the right / left executive control network, the posterior salience network, and the language network, did not demonstrate negative correlation with age. Some regions in the sensorimotor networks showed positive correlation with the DR, memory, and fluency scores. Conclusion: Some domains of the cognitive test did not correlate with age, and even the highly correlated sub-scores such as the DR score, showed delayed decline compared to the loss of total GMV. Some RSNs, especially involving cognitive control regions, were relatively maintained with age. Furthermore, the scores of memory, fluency, and the DR were correlated with the within-network functional connectivity values of the sensorimotor network, which supported the importance of exercise for maintenance of cognition.

DOI： 10.3389/fnhum.2021.753836

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier {BV}  

The thalamus is critical for the brain's integrative hub functions; however, the localization and characterization of the different thalamic hubs remain unclear. Using a voxel-level network measure called functional connectivity overlap ratio (FCOR), we examined the thalamus' association with large-scale resting-state networks (RSNs) to elucidate its connector hub roles. Connections to the core-neurocognitive networks were localized in the anterior and medial parts, such as the anteroventral and mediodorsal nuclei areas. Regions functionally connected to the sensorimotor network were distinctively located around the lateral pulvinar nucleus but to a limited extent. Prominent connector hubs include the anteroventral, ventral lateral, and mediodorsal nuclei with functional connections to multiple RSNs. These findings suggest that the thalamus, with extensive connections to most of the RSNs, is well placed as a critical integrative functional hub and could play an important role for functional integration facilitating brain functions associated with primary processing and higher cognition.

DOI： 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103106

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

Conscious perception of a near-threshold (NT) stimulus is characterized by the pre- and post-stimulus brain state. However, the power of pre-stimulus neural oscillations and strength of post-stimulus cortical activity that lead to conscious perception have rarely been examined in individual cortical areas. This is because most previous electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG, respectively) studies involved scalp- and sensor-level analyses. Therefore, we recorded MEG during a continuous NT somatosensory stimulus detection task and applied the reconstructed source data in order to identify cortical areas where the post-stimulus cortical activity and pre-stimulus alpha oscillation predict the conscious perception of NT somatosensory stimuli. We found that the somatosensory hierarchical processing areas, prefrontal areas and cortical areas belonging to the default mode network showed stronger cortical activity for consciously perceived trials in the post-stimulus period, but the cortical activity in primary somatosensory area (SI) is independent of conscious perception during the early stage of NT stimulus processing. In addition, we revealed that the pre-stimulus alpha oscillation only in SI is predictive of conscious perception. These findings suggest that the bottom-up stream of somatosensory information flow following SI and pre-stimulus alpha activity fluctuation in SI as a top-down modulation are crucial constituents of conscious perception.

DOI： 10.1111/ejn.15388

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Quantitative objective measurement of chronic pain is important. We elucidated chronic pain-related cortical neural activity and neural connectivity among pain-related brain regions in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Resting-state magnetoencephalography recordings were performed. Cortical current density and neural connectivity, revealed by amplitude envelope correlation (AEC), were estimated on standardized brain magnetic resonance imaging. Intra-experiment pain was assessed subjectively using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The correlation between current density and VAS scores was calculated for the occipital areas and pain-related cortices. Current density in the primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortex and precuneus in both hemispheres was negatively correlated with the pain VAS score. The AEC and VAS values were significantly correlated for the SII and the precuneus and for the SII and insular cortex in the alpha frequency band in the right hemisphere. In the theta frequency band, the AEC and VAS values correlated for the SII and posterior cingulate cortex in the right hemisphere. Our results suggested that disruption of pain processes and functions in the default mode network occurs in CRPS. Our method targeting the neural mechanism of pain has the potential to offer a clinically objective means of evaluating it.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.05.001

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR STUDY OF PAIN  

<p>Relationship between chronic pain and cortical activity was shortly reviewed. Change in cortical neural activity in patients with chronic pain has been reported in many previous papers. Those previous reports showed characteristics finding of basic rhythm, such as increment of theta activity, depending on the degree of pain and the pathological condition in patients with peripheral and central chronic pain syndrome. Recent studies, including our studies, suggested quantitative analysis of cortical neural activity, such as current density, frequency distribution, and connectivity between pain–related cortical areas, could evaluate subjective chronic pain. Connectivity analysis also suggested chronic pain might induce modulation of large scale network including default mode network, which resulted in modification of sensory and motor cognition and psychological responses in daily life of patients.</p>

DOI： 10.11154/pain.36.42

CiNii Research

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2021241998

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine  

<p>Purpose: The estimation of functional connectivity (FC) measures using resting state functional MRI (fMRI) is often affected by head motion during functional imaging scans. Head motion is more common in the elderly than in young participants and could therefore affect the evaluation of age-related changes in brain networks. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of head motion in FC estimation when evaluating age-related changes in brain networks.</p><p>Methods: This study involved 132 healthy volunteers divided into 3 groups: elderly participants with high motion (OldHM, mean age (±SD) = 69.6 (±5.31), <i>N</i> = 44), elderly participants with low motion (OldLM, mean age (±SD) = 68.7 (±4.59), <i>N</i> = 43), and young adult participants with low motion (YugLM, mean age (±SD) = 27.6 (±5.26), <i>N</i> = 45). Head motion was quantified using the mean of the framewise displacement of resting state fMRI data. After preprocessing all resting state fMRI datasets, several resting state networks (RSNs) were extracted using independent component analysis (ICA). In addition, several network metrics were also calculated using network analysis. These FC measures were then compared among the 3 groups.</p><p>Results: In ICA, the number of voxels with significant differences in RSNs was higher in YugLM vs. OldLM comparison than in YugLM vs. OldHM. In network analysis, all network metrics showed significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) differences in comparisons involving low vs. high motion groups (OldHM vs. OldLM and OldHM vs. YugLM). However, there was no significant (<i>P</i> > 0.05) difference in the comparison involving the low motion groups (OldLM vs. YugLM).</p><p>Conclusion: Our findings showed that head motion during functional imaging could significantly affect the evaluation of age-related brain network changes using resting state fMRI data.</p>

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2020-0081

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CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.48s1.c-181_1

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Neuroimaging studies have shown that the brain is functionally organized into several large-scale brain networks. Within these networks are regions that are widely connected to several other regions within and/or outside the network. Regions that connect to several other networks, known as connector hubs, are believed to be crucial for information transfer and between-network communication within the brain. To identify regions with high between-network connectivity at the voxel level, we introduced a novel metric called functional connectivity overlap ratio (FCOR), which quantifies the spatial extent of a region's connection to a given network. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, FCOR maps were generated for several well-known large-scale resting state networks (RSNs) and used to examine the relevant associations among different RSNs, identify connector hub regions in the cerebral cortex, and elucidate the hierarchical functional organization of the brain. Constructed FCOR maps revealed a strong association among the core neurocognitive networks (default mode, salience, and executive control) as well as among primary processing networks (sensorimotor, auditory, and visual). Prominent connector hubs were identified in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate, lateral parietal, middle temporal, dorsal anterior cingulate, and anterior insula, among others, regions mostly associated with the core neurocognitive networks. Finally, clustering the whole brain using FCOR features yielded a topological organization that arranges brain regions into a hierarchy of information processing systems with the primary processing systems at one end and the heteromodal systems comprising connector hubs at the other end.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117241

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/neuroimage/neuroimage222.html#BagarinaoWMMHKO20

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Recent studies have demonstrated that connector hubs, regions considered critical for the flow of information across neural systems, are mostly involved in neurodegenerative dementia. Considering that aging can significantly affect the brain's intrinsic connectivity, identifying aging's impact on these regions' overall connection strength is important to differentiate changes associated with healthy aging from neurodegenerative disorders. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a carefully selected cohort of 175 healthy volunteers aging from 21 to 86 years old, we computed an intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) metric, which quantifies a region's overall connectivity strength, for whole brain, short-range, and long-range connections and examined age-related changes of this metric over the adult lifespan. We have identified a limited number of hub regions with ICC values that showed significant negative relationship with age. These include the medial precentral/midcingulate gyri and insula with both their short-range and long-range (and thus whole-brain) ICC values negatively associated with age, and the angular, middle frontal, and posterior cingulate gyri with their long-range ICC values mainly involved. Seed-based connectivity analyses further confirmed that these regions are connector hubs with connectivity profile that strongly overlapped with multiple large-scale brain networks. General cognitive performance was not associated with these hubs' ICC values. These findings suggest that even healthy aging could negatively impact the efficiency of regions critical for facilitating information transfer among different functional brain networks. The extent of the regions involved, however, was limited.

DOI： 10.3389/fnagi.2020.592469

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

White matter (WM) fiber bundles change dynamically with age. These changes could be driven by alterations in axonal diameter, axonal density, and myelin content. In this study, we applied a novel fixel-based analysis (FBA) framework to examine these changes throughout the adult lifespan. Using diffusion-weighted images from a cohort of 293 healthy volunteers (89 males/204 females) from ages 21 to 86 years old, we performed FBA to analyze age-related changes in microscopic fiber density (FD) and macroscopic fiber morphology (fiber cross section [FC]). Our results showed significant and widespread age-related alterations in FD and FC across the whole brain. Interestingly, some fiber bundles such as the anterior thalamic radiation, corpus callosum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus only showed significant negative relationship with age in FD values, but not in FC. On the other hand, some segments of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway only showed significant negative relationship with age in FC, but not in FD. Analysis at the tract-level also showed that major fiber tract groups predominantly distributed in the frontal lobe (cingulum, forceps minor) exhibited greater vulnerability to the aging process than the others. Differences in FC and the combined measure of FD and cross section values observed between sexes were mostly driven by differences in brain sizes although male participants tended to exhibit steeper negative linear relationship with age in FD as compared to female participants. Overall, these findings provide further insights into the structural changes the brain's WM undergoes due to the aging process.

DOI： 10.1002/hbm.25008

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Background/Aims Both apathy and depression occur during the recovery period following stroke; however, the relationship between post-stroke apathy and depression is still unclear. The present study investigated the clinical course of apathy and its association with depression, cognitive function and daily function during the recovery period after stroke. Methods A total of 42 patients (29 male and 13 female, aged 69.1 ± 12.4 years) who had experienced stroke participated in this study. Each participant was assessed using the Apathy Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Assessment of Attention and Trail-Making-Test parts A and B. Quality of life was evaluated using the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale. Physical function and functional status were assessed using the Brunnstrom Stages of Stroke Recovery and Functional Independence Measure respectively. Results The incidence of apathy did not change from the time of admission to discharge. Apathy Scale score did not correlate with Self-rating Depression Scale score at admission, but it did correlate at the time of discharge. Patients with apathy after stroke suffered from greater cognitive disturbance and attention and executive dysfunctions than those without apathy. Total Functional Independence Measure score did not correlate with Apathy Scale or Self-rating Depression Scale score, but there was an association between Self-rating Depression Scale score and the Functional Independence Measure motor and Brunnstrom scores at discharge. Conclusions Apathy and depression had different relationships with cognitive and physical function during the recovery stage after stroke. The prevalence of apathy and depression changed, with the interrelationship between apathy and depression altering during the recovery period. Symptoms of apathy and depression should be distinguished from each other and appropriately evaluated to provide effective intervention to support physical and mental recovery after stroke.

DOI： 10.12968/ijtr.2018.0070

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OBJECTIVE: The authors recently reported a novel subsecond analysis method of analyzing EEG-functional MRI (fMRI) to improve the detection rate of epileptic focus. This study aims to validate the utility of this method for presurgical evaluation in pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. METHODS: Among 13 patients with focal epilepsy undergoing presurgical examinations including simultaneous EEG-fMRI at 3T, 11 patients had interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) during fMRI. The authors used the sequence of topographic maps during the IEDs as a reference to obtain subsecond fMRI activation maps with the same temporal resolution as the EEG data, and constructed "spike-and-slow-wave-activation-summary" (SSWAS) maps that showed the activation frequency of voxels during IEDs. Clusters were defined by thresholding the SSWAS maps (voxel value > 10), and those containing voxels with the top 3 highest activation frequencies were considered significant. Significant hemodynamic responses using conventional event-related (ER) analysis and SSWAS maps were compared with the resection areas and surgical outcomes at 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: Using ER analysis, 4 (36%) of 11 patients had significant hemodynamic responses. One of 4 patients had significant hemodynamic responses in the resection area and good surgical outcome. Using SSWAS maps, 10 (91%) of 11 patients had significant hemodynamic responses. Six of 10 patients had significant hemodynamic responses in the resection area, and 5 of the 6 patients achieved good surgical outcomes. The remaining 4 patients had significant hemodynamic responses distant from the resection area, and only 1 of the 4 patients achieved good surgical outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SSWAS maps were 83.3%, 75.0%, 83.3%, and 75.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the clinical utility of SSWAS maps for presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. The findings indicated that subsecond EEG-fMRI analysis may help surgeons choose the resection areas that could lead to good surgical outcomes.

DOI： 10.3171/2020.1.JNS192567

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Deep-seated epileptic focus estimation using magnetoencephalography is challenging because of its low signal-to-noise ratio and the ambiguity of current sources estimated by interictal epileptiform discharge (IED). We developed a distributed source (DS) analysis method using a volume head model as the source space of the forward model and standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography combined with statistical methods (permutation tests between IEDs and baselines and false discovery rate between voxels to reduce variation). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combined DS (cDS) analysis in surgical cases. In total, 19 surgical cases with adult and pediatric focal epilepsy were evaluated. Both cDS and equivalent current dipole (ECD) analyses were performed in all cases. The concordance rates of the two methods with surgically identified epileptic foci were calculated and compared with surgical outcomes. Concordance rates from the cDS analysis were significantly higher than those from the ECD analysis (68.4% vs. 26.3%), especially in cases with deep-seated lesions, such as in the interhemispheric, fronto-temporal base, and mesial temporal structures (81.8% vs. 9.1%). Furthermore, the concordance rate correlated well with surgical outcomes. In conclusion, cDS analysis has better diagnostic performance in focal epilepsy, especially with deep-seated epileptic focus, and potentially leads to good surgical outcomes.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-62098-5

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本整形外科学会  

Publisher：Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience  

DOI： 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00007

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Backgrounds: Neural biomarkers to predict motor recovery have been used in the field of rehabilitation. Functional connectivity (FC) among the brain regions recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging systems have been reported, but convenient method to estimate FC for clinical situation has not been established.Objectives: This observational study investigated the relationship between neural functional connectivity obtained by electroencephalography (EEG) and the upper limb function in patients during recovery stage after stroke.Methods: Twenty-four patients in the recovery stage between 4 and 8 weeks after the onset of stroke (mean age: 62 ± 12 (SD)) were enrolled. The EEG signals were obtained by five electrodes placed on the motor-related areas (C3, C4, FC3, FC4, and FCz in the International 10-20 system) for 60 sec at rest and during finger movement on the affected side, and amplitude envelope correlations as measures of FC among the areas were calculated. Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was used to assess upper limb motor function.Results: The FMA scores evaluated at 4W (33 ± 24 (SD)) were improved by 8W (42 ± 23) (p < .001). The FCs in α and β bands calculated between the electrodes in the ipsi-lesional hemisphere were correlated negatively with the FMA score at 4W after stroke. The FCs obtained at 4W could be used to predict the FMA score at 8W after stroke.Conclusions: The FCs recorded at rest, as well as during the finger motor task, by the five electrodes placed on motor-related areas could be used to predict the motor function and recovery of the upper limb affected by stroke. The results indicate the possibility of using FCs recorded by conventional EEG with electrodes as biomarkers to predict motor recovery after stroke.

DOI： 10.1080/10749357.2019.1658429

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本てんかん学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOS PRESS  

BACKGROUND: Several studies on carpal tunnel syndrome have reported pain that exists beyond the median nerve territory of the affected hand. However, the mechanism is unknown. PURPOSE: We investigated the cause of extra-territorial pain by the analysis of clinical assessments and cortical activity using magnetoencephalography. METHODS: To compare patients with and without extra-territorial pain, fourteen patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were assessed using clinical examination, such as patients' profile, paresthesia, physical tests, and psychological tests. The physical assessment included tactile threshold and static and moving two-point discrimination sensations on digital pulp. Neural activation in the cerebral cortex was also measured using z-scores calculated by magnetoencephalography. RESULTS: Among fourteen patients, ten patients had pain in the affected median nerve territory only and four patients had extra-territorial pain. When comparing the groups, the static and moving two-point discrimination sensation values in patients with extra-territorial pain were larger than those of patients without the pain (p < 0.05). The supra-marginal gyrus, mid-part of the precentral sulcus, angular gyrus in the left hemisphere, bilateral sensorimotor areas for legs, and bilateral isthmus-cingulate areas showed larger z-scores in patients with extra-territorial pain than in patients without the pain (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The static and moving two-point discrimination sensations signify the ability of tactile spatial acuity. Bilateral sensorimotor areas were activated in sites that were not the hand. Furthermore, the inferior parietal lobule in the left hemisphere, which synthesizes and integrates multiple sensations showed high activation. Our findings suggested that the mechanism of extra-territorial pain was associated with dysfunction of spatial cognition.

DOI： 10.3233/NRE-193007

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PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is (1) to observe the effect of the background music (BGM) in the incubator on heart rate variability (HRV) during the first few weeks of life in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive (NICU) and growing care units (GCU) and (2) to investigate the effect of environmental music on autonomic function in the infants. METHODS: Thirty infants, including premature (26 3/7 - 38 4/7 weeks) and low-birth weight (LBW) (946-2,440 g) infants, admitted to the NICU or GCU were involved. The heart rate, low- (LF, 0.05-0.15 Hz) and high- (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) frequency HRV components, and LF/HF ratio were measured. The BGM, lullabies for a baby, was delivered through a speaker in the incubator, and the HRV components were compared among before, during, and after intervention with BGM. RESULTS: The mean HR did not change among the experimental conditions. The LF and HF values decreased during the BGM condition, but not LF/HF, compared with the condition before BGM. CONCLUSIONS: The present results showed that an auditory environment affected the autonomic function of infants with a range of BGM in the NICU/GCU. The present study also suggested that BGM, a non-invasive and non-pharmacological intervention, could be an evaluation tool for autonomic function in infants in NICU/GCU.

DOI： 10.3233/NPM-180174

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PubMed

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.47s1.f-83_2

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本生体磁気学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

We investigate changes in brain function before and after carpal tunnel release. Magnetoencephalography (MEG), during which we recorded somatosensory evoked cortical magnetic fields (SEFs), and a clinical evaluation were performed before surgery and 6 months after. The distance on the vertical axis between the equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) for the first and third digits before surgery was significantly less than after surgery. There were no significant differences in values between the control participant and patients after surgery. In terms of distal motor latency, there was a negative correlation with the distance. The recovery function of the root mean square (RMS) before surgery for the N20m was less suppressed at 10 ms of ISI in patients, compared to controls. There were no significant differences in the RMS values for patients before and after surgery. Our results indicate that treating peripheral nerve lesions, such as in carpal tunnel release, positively modifies brain function.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-56190-8

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本臨床神経生理学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Healthy aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain even in individuals who are free of neurodegenerative diseases. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a carefully selected cohort of participants, we examined cross sectional changes in the functional organization of several large-scale brain networks over the adult lifespan and its potential association with general cognitive performance. Converging results from multiple analyses at the voxel, node, and network levels showed widespread reorganization of functional brain networks with increasing age. Specifically, the primary processing (visual and sensorimotor) and visuospatial (dorsal attention) networks showed diminished network integrity, while the so-called core neurocognitive (executive control, salience, and default mode) and basal ganglia networks exhibited relatively preserved between-network connections. The visuospatial and precuneus networks also showed significantly more widespread increased connectivity with other networks. Graph analysis suggested that this reorganization progressed towards a more integrated network topology. General cognitive performance, assessed by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised total score, was positively correlated with between-network connectivity among the core neurocognitive and basal ganglia networks and the integrity of the primary processing and visuospatial networks. Mediation analyses further indicated that the observed association between aging and relative decline in cognitive performance could be mediated by changes in relevant functional connectivity measures. Overall, these findings provided further evidence supporting widespread age-related brain network reorganization and its potential association with general cognitive performance during healthy aging.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-019-47922-x

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PubMed

Language：Japanese   Publisher：株式会社医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1552201638

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019275438

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本リハビリテーション医学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本手外科学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ebcr.2018.09.011

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PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: The effect of tacit learning systems (TLSs) on brain plasticity are as of yet unknown. We developed a myoelectric hand prosthesis equipped with a TLS to auto-regulate forearm rotation in response to upper extremity movement patterns. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of tacit learning on the central nervous system during a prosthesis control exercise. METHODS: The experienced prosthetic user performed a series of simple mechanical tasks with the TLS inactivated (the baseline condition) and then with it activated (the enhanced, experimental condition). The process was video recorded. Subsequently, the participant viewed video recordings of each condition (baseline and experimental) during magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography recordings. RESULTS: Stronger connections between the motor area and other cortical areas were observed, as indicated by a significant increase in coherence values. CONCLUSIONS: Integration and interoperability may underlie tacit learning and promote motor function-related adaptive neuroplasticity.

DOI： 10.3233/NRE-182514

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PubMed

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに・目的】 </p><p>脳活動のネットワークとしての機能が明らかにされつつある中で、皮質各領域間のfunctional connectivity (FC) が重要視されている。脳卒中後は主に半球内，半球間のFCの低下が報告されており，運動機能のバイオマーカーとして注目されている。FC は研究領域では測定されているものの，機器や費用面からリハビリテーション領域への応用には課題が多い。脳波 (EEG) は比較的安価でベッドサイド等でも簡便に測定可能である。本研究では脳卒中１症例を対象にEEGを用い，運動関連領域6電極に限定してFCを解析し，運動機能との関連を調べた。</p><p>【方法】 </p><p>対象は脳梗塞 (左内包後脚～放線冠) で右片麻痺を呈した40歳代男性１名とした。運動機能はSIAS運動項目 (SIAS-m) ，Fugl-Meyer 評価法 上肢項目 (FMAU) ・下肢項目 (FMAL) ，簡易上肢機能検査 (STEF) を用いて評価した。EEGは日本電気三栄社製 Biotop (6R-12) を用い，国際10-10法に準じてC3, C4, FC3, FC4, Cz, FCzの6電極で測定した (sampling周波数1000Hz) 。課題条件は麻痺側手指運動 (手指条件) および足関節底背屈運動 (足条件) 各30秒間とした。解析はBrainstormを用い，notch filter，band pass filter 0.5-100Hzで前処理後，β帯域 (12-30Hz) における各電極間のFCをamplitude envelope correlation (AEC) にて分析した。評価・測定は発症後1ヶ月，2ヶ月および9ヶ月に実施した。</p><p>【結果】 </p><p>運動機能に関してSIAS-mは発症後1 / 2 / 9ヶ月の順に 3-1,4-4-1 / 3-1,4-4-1 / 4-4,4-4-1だった。上肢はFMAU 45 / 53 / 66，STEF 36 / 51 / 81と経時的に改善，下肢はFMAL 20 / 25 / 27であった。AECは，手指条件では機能改善に伴い半球間 (C3-C4，FC3-FC4) および非損傷半球内 (C4-FC4) で減少，損傷半球内 (C3-FC3) は変化なかった。一方，足条件では半球間および損傷半球内は機能変化に伴い若干増加し，非損傷半球内は変化なかった。また運動前領域正中~損傷半球 (FCz-C3，FCz-FC3) および非損傷半球 (FCz-C4，FCz-FC4) では2条件とも経時的に増加した。</p><p>【考察】 </p><p>上肢機能は手指で顕著に改善した。機能回復レベルには非損傷半球からの半球間抑制が関与する (Silasi et al., 2014) ため，手指条件での半球間および非損傷半球内のAECの減少は半球間抑制の減弱を反映していると推察した。一方，足条件のAECは手指と異なり半球間抑制の減弱に値する変化を示さなかった。これは手指と足での半球間抑制の違い (Volz et al., 2015) や，足関節の麻痺の残存などが原因と考えた。また手指条件での損傷半球内AECが初期から高値で変化がないことから，手指の機能予後を反映する可能性も考えられた。運動前領域正中~損傷半球および非損傷半球間のAECは2条件とも経時的に大きく増加した。この変化は脳卒中後の運動発現に関する神経機序の回復や再構築を示していると推察した。Wu et al. (2015) は機能回復の程度は損傷側の運動野と運動前野のFCに相関すると報告しており，本研究でも類似の変化が認められた。今後多数症例でこれらの仮説の検証を行いたい。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>本研究はヘルシンキ宣言を遵守し，名古屋大学医学部医学系研究科生命倫理審査委員会（承認番号17-602），および刈谷豊田総合病院倫理委員会（第302号）の承認を得て実施した。対象者には書面にて本人に研究の趣旨を説明し，同意を得た。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46s1.e-63_1

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-01845-0_49

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Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MARK ALLEN GROUP  

Background/Aims: The course of recovery of performance with attention function has not been sufficiently investigated during the period for rehabilitation after stroke. A sequential desk-top task was applied, whose performance required the spatiotemporal attention function step by step, to patients after stroke. The relationship between the sequential task and conventional assessments of cognitive function was also assessed.Methods: A sequential desk-top task with 13 levels of peg-carrying performance, which involved attention function, was applied to 24 patients with a disturbance of attention function after stroke. The outcomes of the sequential task were compared with the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part A and B, Hamamatsu type Japanese syllabary selection test sentence (Syllabary), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Ponsford's Attentional Rating Scale, and Functional Independence Measure.Findings: All participants showed significant progress in the level of the sequential desk-top task. The levels achieved in the sequential task were correlated with the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part A, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Syllabary, and Functional Independence Measure.Conclusions: The results of the sequential desk-top task suggested the recovery course of the attention function, and the results of the task predicted the functional recovery revealed by other test batteries.

DOI： 10.12968/ijtr.2018.25.12.665

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Brain activity was recorded using a whole-head magnetoencephalography system followed by coherence analysis to assess neural connectivity in 10 healthy right-handed adults to clarify differences in neural connectivity in brain regions during action observation from several perspectives. The subjects were instructed to observe and memorize or imitate the hand action from a first-person or second-person visual perspective. The brain activity in coherence was modified among frontal and central, sensorimotor, and mirror neuron system-related regions based on the visual perspectives of finger movements. The regional activity in coherence changed similarly under the imitation and observation tasks compared with the condition of observing static hand figures. The information from different visual perspectives of body movements was processed in the frontal-central regions related to sensorimotor processes and partially in mirror neuron system.

DOI： 10.1123/mc.2017-0053

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PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Objective/Background: Older people with dementia often show behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia such as agitation, aggression, and depression that affect their activities of daily living, and hence reduce the quality of life of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a new technological intervention-a parametric speaker, creating a narrow personal acoustic environment, which may reduce the manifestation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia symptoms. Methods: A parametric speaker was placed on the ceiling of a large day room, and personally selected pieces of music were provided in a narrow space just under the speaker during the intervention. Two older residents with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia participated in the experiment. Results: Playing pieces of favorite music via the parametric speaker decreased their behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia during the intervention. In addition, this intervention reduced the burden on caregivers. One of the advantages of using parametric speaker was being able to create a personal space in a common room. Conclusion: We considered that the parametric speaker might be useful to reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the burden on caregivers, providing individualized rehabilitation for the improved quality of life of residents.

DOI： 10.1177/1569186118759611

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study aims to elucidate age-related intrinsic brain volume changes over the adult lifespan using an unbiased data-driven structural brain parcellation. Anatomical brain images from a cohort of 293 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 21 to 86 years were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA). ICA-based parcellation identified 192 component images, of which 174 (90.6%) showed a significant negative correlation with age and with some components being more vulnerable to aging effects than others. Seven components demonstrated a convex slope with aging; 3 components had an inverted U-shaped trajectory, and 4 had a U-shaped trajectory. Linear combination of 86 components provided reliable prediction of chronological age with a mean absolute prediction error of approximately 7.2 years. Structural co-variation analysis showed strong interhemispheric, short-distance positive correlations and long-distance, inter-lobar negative correlations. Estimated network measures either exhibited a U- or an inverted U-shaped relationship with age, with the vertex occurring at approximately 45-50 years. Overall, these findings could contribute to our knowledge about healthy brain aging and could help provide a framework to distinguish the normal aging processes from that associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.014

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/neuroimage/neuroimage169.html#BagarinaoWMMHKY18

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

OBJECTIVE: Epileptic spikes are associated with rapidly changing brain activation involving the epileptic foci and other brain regions in the "epileptic network". We aim to resolve these activation changes using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings. METHODS: Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings from 9 patients with epilepsy were used in the analysis. Our method employed the whole scalp EEG data to generate regressors for the analysis of fMRI data using the general linear model. RESULTS: We were able to resolve, with milliseconds temporal resolution, changes in activation patterns involving suspected epileptic foci and other brain regions in the epileptic network during spike and slow wave. Using summary maps (called SSWAS maps) which show the activation frequency of voxels, we found that suspected epileptic foci tend to be significantly active during this interval. SSWAS maps also enabled the detection of the epileptic foci in 4 of 5 patients where the conventional event-timing-based analysis failed to identify. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated the efficacy of the method and the potential application of SSWAS maps to identify epileptic foci. SIGNIFICANCE: The method could help resolve activation changes during epileptic spike and could provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of these changes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.11.018

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© 2017 The present pilot study was aimed to clarifying neural activity related with the feed-forward function, sensory-motor integration processed before motor performance. Brain magnetic fields were recorded using a whole-head magnetoencephalography system before vocalization under various levels of surrounding noise in nine healthy volunteers. Participants were instructed to read a word presented on a monitor under auditory conditions with white noise of 60, 80, and 100-dB. The vocal strength of the participants significantly increased with an increase in the intensity of environmental noise. Neural connectivity associated with coherence was calculated among the vocalization-related brain areas selected: truncal area in the primary motor area (M1), premotor area (PM), supplementary motor area (SMA), posterior inferior frontal area (pIF), and posterior part of the superior temporal area (pST). Coherence between M1 and pIF in the frontal cortex without vocalization and auditory pST in the temporal area before vocalization was negatively correlated with the level of environmental noise and vocal strength, respectively. We considered that the findings in this pilot study are, at least partially, relevant to the feed-forward function for vocalization.

DOI： 10.1016/j.npbr.2017.12.006

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

The number of elderly people with dementia increases year by year, and about 20% of people in Japan over 65 years old are estimated to be dementia patients in 2030. Because dementia is difficult to be treated after the symptoms advance, early detection of dementia is important. The peak latency of P300 is one of the EEG (Electroencephalogram) features. It has been reported that the peak latency of P300 is dependent on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) score. If MMSE score can be estimated by measuring the latency of P300, it is expected to be used for the early detection of dementia. However, no regression equation between MMSE score and the latency of P300 had been identified yet. The authors measured the peak latency of P300 of dementia patients who were attending the Geriatrics of Nagoya University hospital and identified a multiple regression equation with MMSE score as the objective variable, and the latency of P300, age, years of education, alpha wave power as the explanatory variables. The 95% confidence interval of estimated MMSE score was +/- 3.09.

DOI： 10.1109/SCIS-ISIS.2018.00041

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Other Link： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/scisisis/scisisis2018.html#MiwaYFHMYSUK18

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics  

<p>The number of elderly people with dementia increases year by year, and about 20% of people in Japan over 65 years old are estimated to be dementia patients in 2030. Because dementia is difficult to be treated after the symptoms advance, early detection of dementia is important. The peak latency of P300 is one of the EEG (Electroencephalogram) features. It has been reported that the peak latency of P300 is dependent on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) score. If MMSE score can be estimated by measuring the latency of P300, it is expected to be used for the early detection of dementia. However, no regression equation between MMSE score and the latency of P300 had been identified yet. The authors measured the peak latency of P300 of dementia patients who were attending the Geriatrics of Nagoya University hospital and identified a multiple regression equation with MMSE score as the objective variable, and the latency of P300, age, educational background as the explanatory variables. The 95% confidence interval of estimated MMSE score was ±3.15. This paper incorporates alpha wave as a new explanatory variable for the regression equation. The result shows that the alpha wave is statistically significant for the estimation of the MMSE score, and the 95% confidence interval of estimated MMSE score is reduced to ±3.09.</p>

DOI： 10.14864/fss.34.0_15

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本てんかん学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：NAGOYA UNIV, SCH MED  

Visual dysfunction can be caused by several abnormalities, including dysfunctions in the visual cortex and retina. Our aim was to investigate changes in visual evoked brain responses in the primary visual cortex associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Sixteen healthy control subjects and ten patients with PD participated in this study. We assessed the visual evoked magnetic field (VEF) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Checkerboard pattern reversal (CPR) and monotonous grating pattern (MGP) stimulations were used. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to analyze brain volume and generate a tractogram. Cognitive and olfactory function, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores were evaluated in patients with PD. Four components of the VEF (1M, 2M, 3M, 4M) were observed following stimulation. For both stimuli, results from the 1M and 2M components were significantly greater and the latency of the 1M component was increased markedly in the PD group compared with the healthy control group. In the PD group, 1M latency correlated with the UPDRS score of 1 for both stimuli, and a correlation was observed between olfactory function and the UPDRS score of 3 for the CPR stimulation alone. We suggest that the conduction delay observed following visual stimulation occurs peripherally rather than in the primary visual cortex. Degeneration of selective elements of the visual system in the retina, possibly midget cells, may be involved.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.79.2.147

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本小児神経学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Neural connectivity was measured during motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) using magnetoencephalography in nine healthy subjects, MI, and at rest. Lower coherence values during ME and MI between sensorimotor areas than at rest, and lower values during MI between the left supplementary motor area and inferior frontal gyrus than ME suggested the sensorimotor network of MI functioned with similar connectivity to ME and that the inhibitory activity functioned continuously during MI, respectively.

DOI： 10.1080/08990220.2016.1257985

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

Objectives: To examine the temporal stability and variability of neuronal synchronization among the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (cSI) and contralateral (cSII) and ipsilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (iSII) in response to median nerve stimulation. Methods: Both the spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals as the pre-stimulus condition and somatosensory evoked magnetic-fields (SEF) were recorded in eleven healthy subjects. We calculated a phase-locking value (PLV) between two areas among cSI, cSII, and iSII in five frequency bands (theta: 5–7 Hz, alpha: 8–12 Hz, beta: 15–29 Hz, gamma-1: 30–59 Hz, and gamma-2: 60–90 Hz), and compared the PLV among in pre-stimulus and stimulus conditions. Results: The PLV between cSI and cSII for the theta band activity varied within 2 s from the stimulus onset. On the other hand, the PLV between cSI and iSII for the alpha band did not vary within 2 s. Conclusion: The fluctuation of neuronal synchrony among sensory-related cortices in response to median nerve stimulation depends on the induced frequency band and inter-region. Significance: This study is the first to report the temporal characteristic of stimulus-driven neural synchrony following somatosensory stimulation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cnp.2017.05.002

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Physical Therapy  

DOI： 10.15063/rigaku.11240

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publisher：Fujita Medical Society  

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Patients with right-hemisphere brain lesions often show unilateral neglect, which causes various difficulties in their daily lives. Disturbances in visuospatial cognition, including unilateral neglect, can be tested quantitatively using questionnaires, yet visuospatial cognition is related not only to the visual system, but also to other cognitive and behavioral functions. Such functions should be assessed by integrative visuo-cognitive tasks. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to clarify visual disturbances in patients with brain lesions using multi-modal visual function tests including three-dimensional and dynamic visual tasks.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> We recruited 29 patients, 14 with right- and 15 with left-hemispheric brain lesions, and age-matched control subjects. We conducted depth perception tests and static and active motion detection tests to clarify subjects’ three-dimensional visual recognition performance.</p><p><b>Results:</b> There were no significant differences between the patients and controls on any of the visual function tests, except for the static detection test with a mosaic background. However, patients’ total scores on the visual function tests were lower than those of the controls.</p><p><b>Discussion:</b> The observed decline in total visual function scores suggests that visual dysfunction caused by stroke should be evaluated not by a single visual function test, but by a series of such tests. We propose that visual functioning in daily life should be evaluated using multi-modal visual function tests.</p>

DOI： 10.20407/fmj.3.3_67

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

<p>Effective behaviors optimized for various situations are enabled by various sensory information. How does the brain deal simultaneously with information from different sensory systems? Investigation of multisensory processing began from neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies at the level of single neurons. Accumulation of knowledge concerning neurons and progress in recording techniques of human brain activity have led to a massive expansion in recent neuroscientific studies using various combinations of brain activity recording and cognitive tasks. In this paper, we briefly review recent neuroscientific studies related to multisensory convergence and interaction, focusing on electrophysiological and imaging studies in humans.</p>

DOI： 10.7600/jpfsm.6.301

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CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに】</p><p></p><p>急性期脳卒中では自律神経機能（autonomic nervous function，ANF）の低下が報告されているが詳細は明らかではない（Orlandi, 2000）。脳卒中早期のリハビリテーション（リハ）において，姿勢変化による血圧変動は脳血流に直接影響するため十分考慮すべき点であり，ANFの測定には非侵襲性，簡便性から心拍変動（heart rate variability，HRV）がよく用いられる（Raedt, 2015）。また，脳卒中の主な併存症である糖尿病（DM）患者においてもANFは低下する（Stuckey, 2013）。本研究ではHRVを用いて急性期脳卒中におけるANFの回復過程をDMの併存に着目して検討した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>対象は急性期初発脳卒中者のうち，自律神経作動薬の使用者や，著明な不整脈，DM性末梢神経障害を有するものを除外した30名とし，DMのないS群DMを有するDM群に分けた。第7病日までを評価期間とし，各回背臥位（pre），端座位（sit），背臥位（post）の順に姿勢変換した。HRVは各姿勢5分間の心拍データを周波数解析し，高周波成分（HF：0.15～0.4Hz）のnormalized unit（HFnu）を副交感神経，低周波成分（LF：0.04～0.15Hz）とHFの比（LF/HF比）を交感神経の指標とした。心拍数（HR），血圧（SBP，DBP）は3回の平均を用いた。各指標の姿勢変換による影響と経時的変化を検討した。統計処理はTukey-Kramer法，Spearmanの順位相関係数を用い，有意水準は5%未満とした。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>S群は23名（平均60±11歳，NIHSS 8点（中央値）），DM群は7名（59±13歳，NIHSS 5点，HbA1c 6.7%（中央値））であった。S群では第3病日以降，HFnuはsitで低下しpostで上昇，LF/HF比，DBP，HRはsitで上昇しpostで低下する一定の変化を示した。経時的にはLF/HF比，HFnu，SBPおよびHRで第2，第3病日に比べ第7病日で有意差が見られ，HFnuは経過日数と正の相関，LF/HF比，SBP，HRは負の相関を示した。一方，DM群では姿勢変換に対し，第4病日以降，HRのみsitで上昇を示したが，他の指標は第7病日においても一定しなかった。SBPのみ経過日数と負の相関を示した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>DMのない急性期脳卒中者のANFは，第3病日には交感神経，副交感神経とも姿勢変換に適応して変化し，経時的に副交感神経は第7病日まで日ごとに上昇，交感神経は低下していた。これは，発症直後は交感神経活動が亢進しておりSBP，HRが高値となるが，1週までに副交感神経活動が徐々に上昇することを示唆していた。またDM併存症例では一定の傾向を示さず，1週後でもANFは安定していないと考えられた。これらは脳卒中早期リハ実施におけるリスク管理上，考慮すべき点と考えられた。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1023

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疼痛特に慢性疼痛に関しては、患者の自覚的訴えに基づいてなされる評価とともに、生体反応としてのバイオマーカーの検出が求められる。持続する疼痛は脳の可塑的変化を介して疼痛関連の脳活動を生じると考えられ、近年、発達の著しい脳機能解析による解明が期待される。本稿では、複合性局所疼痛症候群(CRPS)を有する患者を対象とし、非侵襲的に詳細な脳神経活動が計測可能な脳磁計を用いて記録した安静時脳活動解析により、自覚的疼痛指標と脳活動との関連を報告する。(著者抄録)

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