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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

The effectiveness of goal setting has been extensively studied in industrial psychology and has been widely applied in sports contexts. However, the optimal level of goal difficulty remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of different goal difficulty levels on performance using the standing broad jump as a task. Participants (N = 78) were divided into two groups: an easy-goal group and a difficult-goal group. Each group performed standing broad jumps with three goal levels set based on their baseline performance. In the easy-goal group, the target distances were set at 60%, 80%, and 100% of the baseline. In the difficult-goal group, the targets were set at 100%, 120%, and 140% of the baseline. The results revealed that in the easy-goal group, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified a significant main effect of goal difficulty on performance [F (2, 76) = 8.46, p < .01, ηp2 = .18]. Post-hoc multiple comparisons indicated that performance at the 80% (p < .01) and 60% (p < .01) targets was significantly lower than at the 100% target. Additionally, a one-sample t-test revealed a statistically significant decline in performance compared to baseline (t(38) = -2.60, p < .05). Conversely, in the difficultgoal group, no significant differences in performance were observed across the target levels (100%, 120%, and 140%), and performance remained consistent with the baseline. These findings suggest that setting goals below one’s capability may negatively impact performance. For shortterm goal setting, it is recommended to establish targets that exceed one’s current ability.

DOI： 10.14993/0002000736

Open Access

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1038/s41562-024-01960-2

Open Access

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The current view of perceptual decision-making suggests that once the decision is made, a single motor program associated with the decision is carried out, irrespective of the degree of uncertainty involved in the decision-making process. As opposed to this view, we show that different levels of decision uncertainty contextualize actions differently, allowing the brain to form different motor memories based on each context. The match between decision uncertainty during learning and retrieval is critical for successful motor memory retrieval. The same movement trajectory can be associated with different motor memories if each memory is linked to a different level of decision uncertainty. Encoding motor memories based on decision contexts may enhance the robustness of control during the varying neural activities induced by different cognitive states.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1038/s41562-024-01911-x

Open Access

PubMed

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Other Link： https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H00107/

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Sport Psychology  

This study aimed to clarify contribution of implicit pattern perception to decision-making ability in soccer player. To this end, we examined whether the accuracy of implicit pattern-perception of soccer-specific scene differ depending on the soccer playerʼs decision-making ability (Experiment 1) and the influence of the implicitly perceived information on decision-making (Experiment 2). Three coaches classified 30 participants into three groups based on their decision-making ability (high, medium and low). In Experiment 1, images of the soccer scene (3 vs. 3) were presented under five conditions of varying durations (from 17 to 85ms) using a backward-masking method that induces implicit perception. Participantsʼ degree of consciousness to the stimulus was assessed by asking them to indicate the positions of unmarked players (right, left, center, or none), and report their confidence in their response (25% to 100%). Results showed that in the 34ms condition, the correct answers of the high and medium groups were significantly higher than the chance level even though the confidence was only around 25%. In Experiment 2, after presentation of the prime stimuli used in Experiment 1 (17, 34, 85ms), 3 vs. 3 scenes (target stimuli) were presented again until a decision was made. The target stimuli were presented in a congruent or an incongruent manner. The participants also indicated the unmarked playerʼs position in the target stimulus by pressing a button. Here, in the 34ms condition, the difference in the reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli was significantly larger only in the high group. These results suggest that skilled decision makers are superior in implicit pattern-perception and soccer players use it for decision-making.

DOI： 10.4146/jjspopsy.2020-1908

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030668482

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Human Kinetics  

This study examines whether the positive effect of choice on motor learning in a dart-throwing task varies by intrinsic motivation. Participants were allocated to a highly motivated or less-motivated group based on measured task motivation and randomly to a Choice or No Choice group. In Experiment 1, participants in the Choice group chose their dart color. In Experiment 2, they chose when to observe a model demonstration. Results showed that the effect of choice on motor learning differed between highly and less-motivated participants in Experiment 1 (i.e., interaction between motivation and choice) but not Experiment 2 (i.e., main effects of motivation and choice). Specifically, motor learning was enhanced in less-motivated but not highly motivated participants when choosing dart color, while it was enhanced regardless of initial intrinsic motivation when choosing model-demonstration time. Therefore, external provision of choice in a motor-learning situation may not be equally effective across learners.

DOI： 10.1123/jsep.2018-0011

PubMed

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Other Link： https://journals.humankinetics.com/downloadpdf/journals/jsep/41/3/article-p159.xml

Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：福岡大学研究推進部  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2024096535

Language：English   Publisher：日本フットボール学会  

DOI： 10.57547/jssfjpfs.18.1_63

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Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032733215

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 日本体育学会  

サッカーの状況判断研究では、状況判断の良否が知覚・意思決定スキルに起因することが示されている。しかし、これらが対象とする意識的な処理過程だけではスポーツ場面の情報処理を十分に説明できない。そこで、本研究では閾下知覚が後続する情報処理に影響するか、熟練者間の競技レベルの差異に関与するかを調査した。参加者は大学サッカー選手30名（競技レベル高・中・低群）とした。実験課題では、攻撃場面（3対3）の画像（先行刺激）を逆向マスキング法で呈示した後、再度3対3場面（後続刺激）を呈示した（先行刺激と一致画像・不一致画像の2条件）。参加者には後続刺激が右・中・左サイドのいずれかの選手がフリーな画像又は全選手がマークされている画像の4種類から選択反応させた。先行刺激は17、34、85msとした。結果として、後続刺激への一致・不一致条件の反応時間の差分が、中群では85ms条件のみ、高群では34msと85ms条件で増加した。先の実験より34msの情報は意識的な認識が困難であることから、熟練選手の中でも競技レベルの高い者ほど閾下で知覚した情報が後続する情報処理に影響する可能性が示唆された。

DOI： 10.20693/jspehss.69.98_1

CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：鹿屋体育大学  

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CiNii Research

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Other Link： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1609/00000771/

Event date： 2025.8

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2025.3

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2023.9 - 2023.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Event date： 2022.3

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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