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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The stem is one of the major organs in seed plants and is important for plant survival as well as in agriculture. However, due to the lack of clear external landmarks in many species, its developmental and evolutionary processes are understudied compared to other organs. Recent approaches tackling these problems, especially those focused on KNOX1 and BLH transcription factors belonging to the TALE homeodomain superfamily have started unveiling the patterning process of nodes and internodes by connecting previously accumulated knowledge on lateral organ regulators. Fossil records played crucial roles in understanding the evolutionary process of the stem. The aim of this review is to introduce how the stem evolved from ancestorial sporophyte axes and to provide frameworks for future efforts in understanding the developmental process of this elusive but pivotal organ.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102594

PubMed

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Plant stems comprise nodes and internodes that specialize in solute exchange and elongation. However, their boundaries are not well defined, and how these basic units arise remains elusive. In rice with clear nodes and internodes, we found that one subclade of class I knotted1-like homeobox (KNOX1) genes for shoot meristem indeterminacy restricts node differentiation and allows internode formation by repressing YABBY genes for leaf development and genes from another node-specific KNOX1 subclade. YABBYs promote nodal vascular differentiation and limit stem elongation. YABBY and node-specific KNOX1 genes specify the pulvinus, which further elaborates the nodal structure for gravitropism. Notably, this KNOX1 subclade organization is specific to seed plants. We propose that nodes and internodes are distinct domains specified by YABBY-KNOX1 cross-regulation that diverged in early seed plants.

DOI： 10.1126/science.adn6748

Open Access

PubMed

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society of Breeding  

<p>Stem length is a crucial agronomic trait in rice breeding. The short stature of rice dwarf mutants is caused by shortening of internodes, resulting in five distinct internode elongation patterns: dn, dm, d6, nl and sh. Several genetic studies have been conducted; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying these internode elongation patterns remain unclear. In this study, we examined two Daikoku dwarf (<i>d1</i>) mutants, T65(<i>d1-1</i>) and Kin(<i>d1-7</i>), which display contrasting internode elongation phenotypes. Anatomical observation revealed that T65(<i>d1-1</i>) exhibits a dm-type internode elongation pattern due to the lack of the second internode counted from the top, while Kin(<i>d1-7</i>) shows a dn-type pattern with a relatively elongated second internode. To identify the genetic factors influencing these phenotypes, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using two F₂ populations derived from reciprocal crosses between them. The QTL analysis showed that the second internode length is regulated by three QTLs on chromosomes 4, 5, and 6. Epistatic effects were observed through the analysis of F₃ progenies, indicating that the combination of Kin(<i>d1-7</i>) alleles at these QTLs is associated with an increased second internode length. Furthermore, specific combinations of alleles result in varying degrees of elongation in the second internode, significantly impacting the internode elongation pattern. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic factors influencing the internode elongation patterns in rice.</p>

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.24036

Open Access

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

CiNii Research

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Responsible for pages：6   Book type：General book, introductory book for general audience

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Event date： 2025.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2024.9

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Author：Other 

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Author：Other 

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