Language：English   Publisher：Public Health Nutrition  

Objective: Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to lower levels of chronic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) among community-dwelling adults. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Three areas in Japan (Shiga, Fukuoka, or Kyushu and Okinawa). Participants: The present analysis included 13 648 participants (5126 males and 8522 females; age range, 35-69 years) who had been enrolled in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Food group intakes were estimated using a FFQ. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between the quartiles of each energy-adjusted food group intake and log-transformed hsCRP. Results: The following concentration ratios of hsCRP after comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of food group intake were significant: in males, 1.12 (95 % CI 1.02, 1.22) for processed meat, 1.13 (95 % CI 1.03, 1.24) for fish and 0.83 (95 % CI 0.76, 0.90) for nuts; in females, 0.89 (95 % CI 0.81, 0.97) for bread, 1.11 (95 % CI 1.03, 1.19) for processed meat, 0.86 (95 % CI 0.80, 0.92) for vegetables, 1.19 (95 % CI 1.11, 1.29) for fruit, 0.90 (95 % CI 0.84, 0.97) for nuts and 0.88 (95 % CI 0.82, 0.95) for green tea. Conclusions: Processed meat and nut intakes were associated with higher and lower hsCRP levels, respectively, in both sexes. However, for several food groups, including fish and fruit, previous findings from dietary pattern analyses were not supported by the present analyses at the food group level.

DOI： 10.1017/S1368980024001599

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20250041

Open Access

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s00394-025-03819-2

Open Access

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1186/s12937-025-01274-7

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PubMed

Language：English   Publisher：Nutrition Journal  

Background: Cohort studies in Western countries have shown positive long-term benefits of vegetable and fruit consumption in relation to mortality. However, specific characteristics of Asian dietary patterns may modify these associations, and previous studies have limitations. Methods: In the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study, we followed mortality in 34,523 men and 46,888 women. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire to assess these participants’ vegetable and fruit intakes. We estimated the hazard ratio by sex for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to quintiles (Q1–Q5) of vegetable and fruit intakes and adjusted for covariates. Results: We identified 3340 deaths during the follow-up (mean follow-up, 10.7 years). Vegetable intake was significantly and inversely associated with all-cause mortality (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.91 [0.79–1.04] for Q2, 0.84 [0.73–0.96] for Q3, 0.89 [0.78–1.02] for Q4, and 0.83 [0.73–0.95] for Q5; all compared with Q1) and cardiovascular disease mortality (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.75 [0.53–1.07] for Q2, 0.58 [0.40–0.84] for Q3, 0.47 [0.32–0.70] for Q4, and 0.63 [0.44–0.90] for Q5). We observed no significant associations between vegetable intake and cancer mortality. We also found no significant associations of vegetable intake in women or fruit intake in both men and women with all-cause mortality, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other-cause mortality, except for an inverse association of fruit intake with cardiovascular disease mortality in men < 60 years old, and a negative correlation of vegetable intake with other-cause mortality in women with carbohydrate or rice intake less than the median. Conclusions: Men with higher vegetable intake had a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in our Japanese cohort.

DOI： 10.1186/s12937-025-01257-8

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Language：English   Publisher：Scientific Reports  

The impact of diet on the body acid-base balance may be related to the risk of various chronic diseases. This prospective cohort study examined the relationships between the dietary acid load and all-cause and cause-specific mortalities in a large Japanese population. The data of 74,293 participants (aged 35–69 years in the baseline survey) in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study were analyzed. The dietary acid load was estimated using the net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortalities according to the quartiles of the energy-adjusted NEAP score after adjustments for potential confounders. During a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, 3,755 deaths were identified. Participants with higher NEAP score had increased HR of all-cause (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07–1.29) and cause-specific death including cerebrovascular disease death. Sex-stratified analyses showed that NEAP scores were significantly associated with higher HR of all-cause and cause-specific death, including cerebrovascular disease death in male participants, but not in female participants. This study suggests that the dietary acid load may be associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortalities in Japanese male adults.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-025-25081-6

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Language：English   Publisher：European Journal of Nutrition  

Purpose: The present study aimed to clarify associations between coffee intake and kidney function with consideration of the effect modifications from coffee intake-related genetic polymorphisms. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7,468 Japanese participants 35–69 years old (3,953 women: 52.9%) from the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. Coffee intake was estimated with a self-administered questionnaire. Three coffee intake-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (in AHR [rs4410790], HECTD4 [rs2074356], and CYP1A2 [rs762551]) were selected with reference to previous studies. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m²]) and CKD (defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²) were determined. Results: In participants with a slow metabolizing genotype of rs4410790, eGFR with higher coffee intake was 1.64 ml/min/1.73 m² (95% CI 0.29–2.98) lower than with low coffee intake. For a frequent coffee consumer genotype of rs2074356, eGFR in participants with moderate coffee intake was higher than with low coffee intake. For heterozygous-type rs762551, coffee intake was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD (OR: 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.83). Moreover, with the frequent coffee consumer genotype of rs2074356, higher coffee intake was associated with a lower prevalence of CKD (OR: 0.27, 95% CI 0.08–0.78). Conclusion: Associations of coffee intake with kidney function and CKD may differ across coffee intake-related polymorphisms in Japanese adults. These findings suggest that attention should be paid to heterogeneous associations between coffee intake and kidney function according to genetic polymorphisms. Further longitudinal studies are expected to address causal questions of these associations.

DOI： 10.1007/s00394-025-03819-2

Open Access

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PubMed