CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Center For Education In Liberal Arts And Sciences  

We participated in the 2020 General Education, Pedagogy, and Assessment Conference held by Association of American Colleges & Universities (AAC&U) and collected information about the design and implementation of educational assessment. We identified four characteristics of assessment in the United States that could inform the enhancement and dissemination of educational assessment in Japan. These characteristics were: proposition/conduct of new forms of assessment combining qualitatively and quantitatively; trust in assessment; readiness for the conduct of assessment by schoolwide networks; and awareness of improvability through sharing of information.

DOI： 10.18910/79448

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/11094/79448

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本教育工学会  

CiNii Research

Authorship：Lead author  

Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.18910/75496

CiNii Research

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Netherlands  

How can Euler diagrams support non-consequence inferences? Although an inference to non-consequence, in which people are asked to judge whether no valid conclusion can be drawn from the given premises (e.g., All B are A
No C are B), is one of the two sides of logical inference, it has received remarkably little attention in research on human diagrammatic reasoning
how diagrams are really manipulated for such inferences remains unclear. We hypothesized that people naturally make these inferences by enumerating possible diagrams, based on the logical notion of self-consistency, in which every (simple) Euler diagram is true (satisfiable) in a set-theoretical interpretation. The work is divided into three parts, each exploring a particular condition or scenario. In condition 1, we asked participants to directly manipulate diagrams with size-fixed circles as they solved syllogistic tasks, with the result that more reasoners used the enumeration strategy. In condition 2, another type of size-fixed diagram was used. The diagram layout change interfered with accurate task performances and with the use of the enumeration strategy
however, the enumeration strategy was still dominant for those who could correctly perform the tasks. In condition 3, we used size-scalable diagrams (with the default size as in condition 2), which reduced the interfering effect of diagram layout and enhanced participants’ selection of the enumeration strategy. These results provide evidence that non-consequence inferences can be achieved by diagram enumeration, exploiting the self-consistency of Euler diagrams. An alternate strategy based on counter-example construction with Euler diagrams, as well as effects of diagram layout in inferential processes, are also discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s10849-017-9259-x

Web of Science

Scopus

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：ジアース教育新社  

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：ジアース教育新社  

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：ジアース教育新社  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：ジアース教育新社  

CiNii Books

Language：Japanese   Publisher：ジアース教育新社  

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：ジアース教育新社  

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

We examined the factors that produce differences in generating scenarios on the near future using the scanning method. Participants were asked to briefly read (scan) 151 articles about new technology, the latest customs, fashion, social change, value system transition, or emerging social problems, and then to generate three scenarios about the near future based on the articles. We compared the generated scenarios between scanning method experts and non-experts with no prior experience with the scanning method. We found that experts generated more unique scenarios than non-experts did, and that experts and non-experts differed in the diversity of articles referenced when generating scenarios. We discuss the relationship between the present findings and previous findings on divergent thinking. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.005

Web of Science

Scopus

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

<p>大学では様々な事業が行われているが，それらが大学の構成員に十分に周知されているとは言えない状況である．本研究では，大学における事業広報用ポスターに対して，デザインや詳細ページへのアクセス方法の提示（URL，QR，検索用キーワード提示 等），設置場所（掲示板，トイレの洗面台・個室 等）などの様々な組み合わせについて，より効果的な広報方法について検討した。</p>

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

Since Internet has become widespread in our modern society, it is considered popular to use Internet for information gathering when we generate new ideas. In this study, we focus on clarifying the influence of ways of information gathering by using Internet search on idea generation. We conducted an experiment, in which participants were asked to generate ideas about technology and service, that followed information gathering by using Internet search. In our experiment, five outside experts rated all ideas generated in terms of Originality, New Value, and Reality. As a result, many participants gathered technical information about the target of idea generation task which contributed to the result that the ideas generated by them were rated lower in terms of Originality and New Value. This way of information gathering was considered to be caused by the participants' tendency of Internet search such as using search words which seemed closely related to the task given and following links from one page to another. Our findings suggest that the tendency to gather technical information, which occurs with the use of Internet search, negatively affect performance in creative idea generation about technology and service.

DOI： 10.14923/transinfj.2014jdp7065

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

<p>大学では様々な事業が行われているが，それらが大学の構成員に十分に周知されているとは言えない状況である．本研究では，大学における事業広報用ポスターに対して，デザインや詳細ページへのアクセス方法の提示（URL，QR，検索用キーワード提示　等），設置場所（掲示板，トイレの洗面台・個室　等）などの様々な組み合わせについて，より効果的な広報方法について検討した。</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2015.0_1d5os22b5

CiNii Research

Authorship：Lead author  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_2ev-1-079

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：cognitivesciencesociety.org  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

In this study, we investigate how people manipulate diagrams in logical reasoning, especially no valid conclusion (NVC) tasks. In NVC tasks, premises are given and people are asked to judge whether "no consequence can be drawn from the premises." Here, we introduce a method of asking participants to directly manipulate instances of diagrammatic objects as a component of inferential processes. We observed how participants move Euler diagrams, presented on a PC monitor, to solve syllogisms with universally quantified sentences. In the NVC tasks, 88.6% of our participants chose to use an enumeration strategy with multiple configurations of conclusion diagrams and/or a partial-overlapping strategy of placing two circles. Our results provide evidence that NVC judgment for tasks with diagrams can be reached using an efficient way of counter-example construction.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-662-44043-8_21

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：[日本認知科学会]  

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

<p>近年最も身近な人工物となったインターネットを利用してアイデア生成のための情報収集を行った場合，どのような情報収集傾向が見られるのか，またその情報収集傾向が生成されるアイデアの質にどのような影響を与えるのかを検討した．インターネットを利用して情報を収集させた後，アイデア生成を行わせたところ，多くの実験参加者が技術的な情報を収集する傾向があり，独自性の低いアイデアが生成されることが明らかになった．</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2014.0_2g54

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2014  

We analyze the information discrepancy between diagrammatic representations and logical reasoning, which we call visual biases in diagrammatic reasoning. Diagrammatic representations contain semantic information, which is based on the topological configurations of objects, and visual information, such as geometric location. In principle, visual information is unnecessary to the validity of logical reasoning. However, people are so sensitive to visual information such as size and shape in diagrams that they occasionally do not ignore irrelevant information. This phenomenon leads to mistakes in logical reasoning. We addressed this issue in the present study. In Experiment 1, we assessed whether and how a visual bias of external diagrams affects reasoning performance. We asked participants to directly manipulate size-fixed (Euler) diagrams while solving syllogistic tasks. In Experiment 2, we tested whether size-scalable diagrams were able to reduce a visual bias of diagrams in logical reasoning.

Scopus

Authorship：Lead author  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：ヒューマンインタフェース学会  

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：東京大学大学院教育学研究科附属学校教育高度化センター  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

Previous studies of innovation have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, there is a risk of leaking new ideas by users who join a discussion to generate ideas. In order to avoid the risk, this study proposes a new workshop method to generate business ideas. In the workshop method, idea generators are required to discuss new business ideas based on information that is organized by users who do not join the discussion and thus never know new ideas that are created in this workshop. Idea generators who are given the user-organized information are considered to be able to create new ideas using the given information. We conducted an experiment to test this. In our experiment, participants were divided into two groups: the first group was asked to generate new business ideas based on the information with user perspective while the second group was asked to do so based on the information with engineer perspective. Performance of the first group was compared with that of the second group. Eight outside experts rated all ideas generated in terms of novelty, benefit and feasibility. The result showed that the ideas generated by the first group were rated significantly higher in terms of novelty as well as lower in terms of feasibility than the ideas generated by the second group. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey carried out to those who joined this workshop supported this finding. Our findings suggest that our workshop method is useful for bringing user perspective into actual business idea generation. © The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 2013.

DOI： 10.1527/tjsai.28.409

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese  

Previous studies of innovation have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, there is a risk of leaking new ideas by users who join a discussion to generate ideas. In order to avoid the risk, this study proposes a new workshop method to generate business ideas. In the workshop method, idea generators are required to discuss new business ideas based on information that is organized by users who do not join the discussion and thus never know new ideas that are created in this workshop. Idea generators who are given the user-organized information are considered to be able to create new ideas using the given information. We conducted an experiment to test this. In our experiment, participants were divided into two groups: the first group was asked to generate new business ideas based on the information with user perspective while the second group was asked to do so based on the information with engineer perspective. Performance of the first group was compared with that of the second group. Eight outside experts rated all ideas generated in terms of novelty, benefit and feasibility. The result showed that the ideas generated by the first group were rated signifi

DOI： 10.1527/tjsai.28.409

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

<p>製品に関するアイデアを生成する際のユーザ視点の有益性は数多く報告されているが，情報漏洩等のリスクを考えると，企業における製品開発アイデアの生成に，常にユーザを直接参加させることはできない．そこで本研究では，アイデア生成時に与える情報を操作した実験を行った．その結果，ユーザ視点で作成された情報を与えることで，直接ユーザを参加させずともユーザ視点が取り込まれたアイデアが生成されることを示した．</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2013.0_1i4os11b5

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

Previous studies of innovation have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, there is a risk of leaking new ideas by users who join a discussion to generate ideas. In order to avoid the risk, this study proposes a new workshop method to generate business ideas. In the workshop method, idea generators are required to discuss new business ideas based on information that is organized by users who do not join the discussion and thus never know new ideas that are created in this workshop. Idea generators who are given the user-organized information are considered to be able to create new ideas using the given information. We conducted an experiment to test this. In our experiment, participants were divided into two groups: the first group was asked to generate new business ideas based on the information with user perspective while the second group was asked to do so based on the information with engineer perspective. Performance of the first group was compared with that of the second group. Eight outside experts rated all ideas generated in terms of novelty, benefit and feasibility. The result showed that the ideas generated by the first group were rated significantly higher in terms of novelty as well as lower in terms of feasibility than the ideas generated by the second group. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey carried out to those who joined this workshop supported this finding. Our findings suggest that our workshop method is useful for bringing user perspective into actual business idea generation.

DOI： 10.1527/tjsai.28.409

CiNii Research

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

J-GLOBAL

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)   Publisher：東京大学大学院教育学研究科附属学校教育高度化センター  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：cognitivesciencesociety.org  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Cognitive Science Society  

This paper proposes a computational model of the practical cognitive processes involved in insightful human problem solving. The solutions to insight problems require a drastic shift from an ‘impasse’ stage to the ‘insight’ stage. The impasse stage frequently experienced with insight problems is generally assumed to reflect special ‘constraints’ on the solver. It is also generally assumed that three mechanisms are necessary in order to escape from impasses: a mechanism to avoid failed trials, a chaotic mechanism, and a goal-orienting mechanism. The proposed model involves a system of simultaneous differential equations with each variable denoting a node in a neural network model. Constraints are modeled in terms of controls on the easiness with which the nodes are activated. The system has two special terms; one is a chaotic function representing the chaotic mechanism, and the second guides the system in the direction that maximizes an evaluation function value in representing the avoidance of failed trials. Through the representation of the goal-orienting mechanism, the model selects an operator that minimizes the difference between the current state and the goal state. Simulation results demonstrate that the model successfully models the cognitive processes of insightful problem solving, and provide evidence that all three mechanisms necessary for insight.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.15.644

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Research

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：[日本認知科学会]  

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

Previous studies of innovation have recognized that many innovations are developed by users. However, there is a risk of leaking new ideas by users who join a discussion to generate ideas. In order to avoid the risk, this study proposes a new workshop method to generate business ideas. In the workshop method, idea generators are required to discuss new business ideas based on information that is organized by users who do not join the discussion and thus never know new ideas that are created in this workshop. Idea generators who are given the user-organized information are considered to be able to create new ideas using the given information. We conducted an experiment to test this. In our experiment, participants were divided into two groups: the first group was asked to generate new business ideas based on the information with user perspective while the second group was asked to do so based on the information with engineer perspective. Performance of the first group was compared with that of the second group. Eight outside experts rated all ideas generated in terms of novelty, benefit and feasibility. The result showed that the ideas generated by the first group were rated significantly higher in terms of novelty as well as lower in terms of feasibility than the ideas generated by the second group. Furthermore, a questionnaire survey carried out to those who joined this workshop supported this finding. Our findings suggest that our workshop method is useful for bringing user perspective into actual business idea generation. © The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 2013.

DOI： 10.1527/tjsai.28.409

Scopus

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本小児がん学会  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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Event date： 2017.11 - 2017.12

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Language：English  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech