Updated on 2024/05/10

写真a

 
SAWADA Kozue
 
Organization
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Department of Plant Production Sciences Designated assistant professor
Title
Designated assistant professor

Degree 1

  1. 博士(農学) ( 2010.3 ) 

Committee Memberships 1

  1. 日本土壌肥料学会   欧文誌(Soil Science and Plant Nutrition誌)編集委員  

    2014.10 - 2016.9   

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    Committee type:Academic society

Awards 1

  1. SSPN Award

    2010.4   Soil microorganisms have a threshold concentration of glucose to increase the ratio of respiration to assimilation

    Sawada K, Funakawa S, Kosaki T

 

Papers 25

  1. Disentangling divergent factors controlling bacterial and fungal communities in topsoil and subsoil horizons across environmental gradients of tropical volcanic regions

    Han Lyu, Kozue Sawada, Ruohan Zhong, Method Kilasara, Arief Hartono, Randy A. Dahlgren, Shinya Funakawa, Tetsuhiro Watanabe

    Catena   Vol. 239   2024.4

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Soil bacteria and fungi are key drivers of biogeochemical cycling, yet their distribution and primary controlling factors are obscure in tropical volcanic regions. Moreover, bacteria and fungi exhibit varying sensitivities to environmental factors with poorly understood interactions among climate and edaphic factors. To address these gaps, we collected topsoil (0–15 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) (n = 24) across elevational transects in tropical volcanic regions of Tanzania (north-west and south-east slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro: TW and TE) and Indonesia (Mt. Sibyak, Sumatra and Mt. Tengger, Java: IS and IJ). Bacterial and fungal abundances and community structures were assessed using real-time PCR and PCR amplification with 16S/ITS sequencing. We evaluated the impacts of geographic distance, climate, vegetation, soil organic matter (SOM) quality (e.g., mean residence time of SOM pools), and other edaphic properties (e.g., pH, active Al/Fe). Our results revealed that bacteria tend to have a higher abundance/diversity than fungi in carbon- and nitrogen-rich soils having less-degraded SOM. Fungi exhibited less variation than bacteria in abundance/diversity between topsoil and subsoil, likely due to their versatile substrate adaptability. Notably, bacterial and fungal community structures in IJ soils resembled those in TE soils more closely than IS soils, challenging the importance of geographical distance as a soil microbial determinant. Statistical models identified that moisture is a stronger factor than temperature in shaping the community structures of bacteria and fungi either directly or indirectly via regulating edaphic and vegetation properties. Overall, soil pH, active Al/Fe, and SOM quality control bacterial diversity and community structure, whereas soil pH primarily regulates fungal community structure, with vegetation type demonstrating a stronger influence than edaphic factors. In conclusion, climate, particularly moisture as characterized by excess precipitation (precipitation minus evapotranspiration), is the primary factor regulating bacteria and fungi distribution and emerges as a reliable predictor of soil microbial biodiversity.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2024.107907

    Scopus

  2. Conversion from natural coniferous forests to cedar plantations increase soil nitrogen cycling through changing microbial community structures Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Yoshiyuki Inagaki, Soh Sugihara, Takashi Kunito, Jun Murase, Koki Toyota, Shinya Funakawa

    Applied Soil Ecology   Vol. 191   page: 105034 - 105034   2023.11

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105034

  3. Bacterial and fungal community composition and community-level physiological profiles in forest soils Reviewed

    Takashi Kunito, Shota Hibino, Hirotaka Sumi, Kozue Sawada, Ho-Dong Park, Kazunari Nagaoka

    PLOS ONE   Vol. 18 ( 4 ) page: e0284817 - e0284817   2023.4

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

    We characterized the potential functioning and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in the O and A horizons of forest soils using community-level physiological profile (CLPP) based on BIOLOG analysis, and polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of 16S and 18S rDNA fragments, respectively. In addition, relationships between the potential functioning and the community composition in each horizon, and between the O and A horizons, were assessed using Procrustes analysis. For the bacterial and fungal communities, the CLPP and DGGE profile were clearly separated between the O and A horizons in a principal coordinate analysis except for the fungal CLPP. No significant links for CLPP and DGGE profile between the O and A horizons were observed for either bacterial or fungal communities, suggesting that different factors had considerable influence on the microbial communities between the O and A horizons. Significant couplings between bacterial and fungal DGGE profiles (p <0.05 for O horizon; p <0.01 for A horizon), and between bacterial and fungal CLPPs (p = 0.001 for O horizon; p <0.01 for A horizon), were observed in the O and A horizons, implying that common factors strongly influenced the bacterial and fungal communities in each horizon. Although a significant correlation was observed between bacterial community composition and the potential functioning in the A horizon (p <0.01), such a correlation was not observed for the fungal community in the A horizon, and for the bacterial and fungal communities in the O horizon. This finding suggested that potential functioning, which would reflect only rapidly growing microorganisms, was not strongly associated with the composition of the entire microbial community. Further studies are needed to unravel the factors shaping the composition and functioning of microbial communities in forest soils.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284817

  4. Positive priming effects through microbial P-mining in tropical forest soils under N<sub>2</sub>-fixing trees Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Takashi Kunito, Tetsuhiro Watanabe, Natsuko Kitagawa, Han Lyu, Ho Lam Nguyen, Koki Toyota, Shinya Funakawa

    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition     page: 1 - 6   2023.4

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Informa UK Limited  

    DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2023.2199777

  5. Microbial synthesis of arylsulfatase depends on the soluble and adsorbed sulfate concentration in soils Reviewed

    Takashi Kunito, Hiroaki Kurita, Masaki Kumori, Katsutoshi Sakaguchi, Seiya Nishizawa, Kazuki Fujita, Hitoshi Moro, Kozue Sawada, Yuichi Miyabara, Hideshige Toda, Kazunari Nagaoka, Yuichi Ishikawa

    European Journal of Soil Biology   Vol. 111   page: 103418 - 103418   2022.7

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2022.103418

  6. Comparison of the Structure and Diversity of Root-Associated and Soil Microbial Communities Between Acacia Plantations and Native Tropical Mountain Forests Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinichi Watanabe, Ho Lam Nguyen, Soh Sugihara, Mayuko Seki, Hana Kobayashi, Koki Toyota, Shinya Funakawa

    Frontiers in Microbiology   Vol. 12   page: 735121   2021.9

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Frontiers Media SA  

    Deforestation of native tropical forests has occurred extensively over several decades. The plantation of fast-growing trees, such as <italic>Acacia</italic> spp., is expanding rapidly in tropical regions, which can contribute to conserve the remaining native tropical forests. To better understand belowground biogeochemical cycles and the sustainable productivity of acacia plantations, we assessed the effects of vegetation (acacia plantations vs. native forests) and soil types (Oxisols vs. Ultisols) on soil properties, including the diversity and community structures of bacteria- and fungi-colonizing surface and subsurface roots and soil in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The results in surface soil showed that pH was significantly higher in acacia than in native for Oxisols but not for Ultisols, while exchangeable Al was significantly lower in acacia than in native for Ultisols but not for Oxisols. Bacterial alpha diversity (especially within phylum Chloroflexi) was higher in acacia than in native only for Oxisols but not for Ultisols, which was the same statistical result as soil pH but not exchangeable Al. These results suggest that soil pH, but not exchangeable Al, can be the critical factor to determine bacterial diversity. Acacia tree roots supported greater proportions of copiotrophic bacteria, which may support lower contents of soil inorganic N, compared with native tree roots for both Oxisols and Ultisols. Acacia tree roots also supported greater proportions of plant pathogenic <italic>Mycoleptodiscus</italic> sp. but appeared to reduce the abundances and diversity of beneficial ECM fungi compared with native tree roots regardless of soil types. Such changes in fungal community structures may threaten the sustainable productivity of acacia plantations in the future.

    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.735121

    PubMed

  7. Priming effects induced by C and N additions in relation to microbial biomass turnover in Japanese forest soils. Reviewed

    Sawada Kozue, Inagaki Yoshiyuki, Toyota Koki

    Applied Soil Ecology   Vol. 162   page: 103884 - 103884   2021

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.103884

  8. Impacts of conversion from natural forest to cedar plantation on the structure and diversity of root-associated and soil microbial communities. Reviewed

    Sawada Kozue, Inagaki Yoshiyuki, Sugihara Soh, Funakawa Shinya, Karl Ritz, Toyota Koki

    Applied Soil Ecology, 167, 104027   Vol. 167   page: 104027 - 104027   2021

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.104027

  9. 「ミニマム・ロスの農業」の規範となる自然生態系および伝統的農業生態系土壌における炭素・養分循環の解明 Reviewed

    沢田こずえ, 渡邉哲弘, 舟川晋也

    土と微生物     2021

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  10. Application of biogas digestate with rice straw mitigates nitrate leaching potential and suppresses root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Reviewed

    Yuexi Wang, Chikamatsu Seiya, Tuya Gegen, Sawada Kozue, Toyota Koki, Riya Shohei, Hosomi Masaaki

    Agronomy   Vol. 9   page: 227   2019

  11. Effects of 3-year cultivation on the soil nutrient status in a tropical forest and savanna of Central Africa, as determined by the microbial responses to substrate addition Reviewed

    Soh Sugihara, Yoko Fujimori, Makoto Shibata, Kozue Sawada, Haruo Tanaka, Antoine D, Mvondo Ze, Shigeru Araki, Takashi Kosaki, Shinya Funakawa

    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition   Vol. 64 ( 6 ) page: 728 - 735   2018

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The forest-savanna transition zone is widely distributed on nutrient-poor Oxisols in Central Africa, and a population explosion has led to the rapid cultivation of these vegetation types in this zone. To reveal and compare the effects of short-term (3 years) cultivation on the soil nutrient status of the forest and savanna vegetation in this area, we evaluated microbial nutrient limitation and availability by conducting hourly measurements of soil microbial respiration after the addition of glucose in combination with nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) to soils that were collected from a forest site (FOR), a savanna site (SAV), as well as cropland for 3 years derived from a forest (Crop-F) and a savanna (Crop-S), in eastern Cameroon. The N addition had little effect on the pattern of microbial respiration rate for the FOR and Crop-F sites, indicating N rich for microbes. In contrast, N addition resulted in the increases in maximal respiration rates after the exponential increase for the SAV and Crop-S sites, indicating microbial N limitation, and cultivation accelerated the soil N depletion. Furthermore, we observed that P addition resulted in the increase in the maximal respiration rates, indicating microbial P limitation for all sites, except for FOR site. Since the cultivation significantly affected the microbial properties only in the forest ecosystem, such as the increase in the microbial specific growth rate and the decreased microbial C:N and C:P ratios, these changes would induce the P limitation for Crop-F. These results indicate that (1) the FOR site was a N-rich ecosystem for soil microbes, and 3 years of cultivation in the Crop-F site did not alter the high soil N status but induced microbial P limitation, with the changes in the microbial properties, and that (2) the SAV site was N and P limited for soil microbes, and 3 years of cultivation clearly decreased the soil N availability.

    DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2018.1517585

    Web of Science

  12. Immediate and subsequent effects of drying and rewetting on microbial biomass in a paddy soil Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosaki

    Soil Science and Plant Nutrition     2018

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

  13. Effect of repeated drying-rewetting cycles on microbial biomass carbon in soils with different climatic histories Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosaki

    APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY   Vol. 120   page: 1 - 7   2017.11

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    There are contrasting results regarding the effect of repeated drying-rewetting (DRW) cycles on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and two fundamentally different mechanisms have been postulated. The first is a microbial stress mechanism which will reduce MBC as stress-sensitive microbes die, and the second is a substrate supply mechanism which will increase MBC through the release of a microbial substrate from non-biomass soil organic carbon (C). However, the balance of these two mechanisms has not been fully examined for various soils with different climatic histories, especially for soils from humid areas. We hypothesized that soils subjected to fewer DRW events would be largely affected by the stress mechanism. Therefore, the effect of repeated DRW cycles on MBC and C dynamics was investigated and compared to that of a moist control treatment for four soils with different DRW histories. The first DRW significantly reduced the MBC for soils with less DRW but not for soils with more DRW. However, when comparing the sizes of MBC after 28 days of four DRW cycles and the moist treatment, the result was not related to the microbial resistance of each DRW. Cumulative respired CO2-C over a 4-day moist period after each DRW was always significantly greater than that in the moist treatment even when the MBC was not reduced by the DRW. The results with no change in MBC suggested that the substrate supply mechanism rather than the stress mechanism would be essential for the effect of repeated DRW cycles on MBC and C dynamics.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.07.023

    Web of Science

  14. Substrate-induced respiration responses to nitrogen and/or phosphorus additions in soils from different climatic and land use conditions Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Yoshiyuki Inagaki, Koki Toyota, Takashi Kosaki, Shinya Funakawa

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY   Vol. 83   page: 27 - 33   2017.11

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER  

    The fates of carbon (C) input to soils widely vary under different nutrient availability. In this study, both initial substrate-induced respiration (SIR) rates and substrate-induced growth responses to nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) additions were investigated together because the two approaches had been assessed separately in previous studies. A wide range of Japanese, Thai and Kazakh soils with different land uses were used, including acidic Japanese forest soils with low N availability, which has not been fully examined. We hypothesized that microbes in Japanese forest soils would mainly respond to N addition. The results showed that N addition decreased initial SIR rates to 75-87% for the acidic Japanese and Thai forest soils probably due to the increases in substrate C use efficiencies, but had no effect for other soils. P addition tended to increase initial SIR rates. In addition, P but not N addition resulted in the increases of specific microbial growth rates for all tested soils. In conclusion, soil microbes responded to P addition with enhanced their growth rates and initial SIR rates, whereas they responded to N addition with reduced initial SIR rates probably through efficient use of C only for the Japanese and Thai forest soils. Therefore, nitrogen availability will have a crucial role in microbial use of substrate C especially for acidic forest soils with low N availability.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.10.002

    Web of Science

  15. Short-term respiration responses to drying-rewetting in soils from different climatic and land use conditions Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosaki

    APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY   Vol. 103   page: 13 - 21   2016.7

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    Many surface soils, including those that have rarely experienced dry conditions, may experience more frequent and/or intense drying-rewetting (DRW) events in the future. Such DRW events are likely to induce large and sudden CO2 pulses derived from increased substrate availability owing to their release from non-biomass soil organic C (SOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC); however, few studies have investigated respiration rates following DRW at high time resolutions (e.g., 1 h) or in soils from humid areas. In this study, DRW effects on the dynamics of respiration rates at hourly intervals for 12 h and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) rates were investigated. Soils previously subjected to different DRW frequencies were collected from forest and arable or grassland sites in Japan (humid), Thailand (semi-humid) and Kazakhstan (semi-arid). The relatively humid Japanese and Thai soils were further subjected to five DRW cycles in the laboratory to compare the effects of the first and fifth DRW. Respiration rates after the first and fifth DRW and first DRW to the Japanese and Thai forest soil, respectively, were not fitted by models employing exponentially-decaying functions, and were initially similar to SIR rates. In such cases, C-saturated conditions for surviving microbes would occur probably because of increased substrate availability following release from dead MBC, suggesting the importance of incorporating microbial parameters into SOC models. Respiration rates after DRW to other samples decreased exponentially to a constant rate. In such cases, when increases in the labile and stable C pools by DRW were estimated by the respiration kinetics, the labile C pool would be primarily derived from dead MBC. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.02.010

    Web of Science

  16. Potential nitrogen immobilization as influenced by available carbon in Japanese arable and forest soils Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Koki Toyota, Takashi Kosaki

    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION   Vol. 61 ( 6 ) page: 917 - 926   2015.11

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    Microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization following the addition of organic materials to soils regulates soil N availability, which affects plant growth and N leaching from soils. In this study, the potential for microbial N immobilization was evaluated by short-term incubation experiments following the addition of available carbon (C) under non-limiting conditions of N and phosphorus (P) to seven Japanese arable and forest soils. Glucose was added as a model substrate at concentrations close to microbial biomass C. The forest soils had lower pH and smaller increases in respiration rates after the glucose addition, and higher organic and biomass C compared to the arable soils. Microbial N immobilization, estimated by net decreases in extractable N, was significantly correlated with the concentrations of added glucose and was on average 43mgNg(-1) glucose C during 3- and 7-day incubation for all soils. Net increases in biomass N measured by the chloroform fumigation-extraction method using the common conversion factor of 0.54 at 3 and 7days after the glucose addition were lower than the microbial N immobilization for all soils, and the biomass N accounted for a smaller portion of immobilized N in the arable soils than in the forest soils. Therefore, the present study suggests that microbial N immobilization would be dependent on the concentrations of available C in organic materials and higher than the increases in biomass N, especially for arable soils when organic materials are added to soils under non-limiting conditions of N and P.

    DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2015.1075364

    Web of Science

  17. In situ short-term dynamics of CO2 flux and microbial biomass after simulated rainfall in dry croplands in four tropical and continental ecosystems Reviewed

    Soh Sugihara, Shinya Funakawa, Atsunobu Kadono, Yusuke Takata, Kozue Sawada, Kazumichi Fujii, Takashi Kosaki

    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION   Vol. 61 ( 3 ) page: 392 - 403   2015.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

    The wet-dry cycles of soil primarily drive carbon (C) dynamics in dry croplands that mainly experience sporadic rainfall events. We evaluated the in situ short-term (hourly) dynamics of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux and microbial biomass, to compare the significance of a single rainfall event with/without C substrate to reveal the effects of a single rainfall on the soil C dynamics in clayey dry croplands in four different climates and ecosystems. The experiments were conducted on four clayey dry croplands as follows: Thailand (TH) and Tanzania (TZ) in tropical climates, and Kazakhstan (KZ) and Hungary (HG) in continental climates. Hourly measurements of soil CO2 efflux, in situ microbial biomass (MB) and in situ microbial activity (qCO(2)) were conducted after the application of simulated rainfall (W plots) and rainfall/glucose (WG plots) treatments. We also evaluated the easily mineralizable carbon (EMC) by incubation. The rainfall treatment caused an increase in the qCO(2) but not in MB, causing a clear but short C flush in all W plots (10-37h), while the WG treatment caused an increase both of qCO(2) and MB, resulting in substantially longer and larger C flush in the WG plots (ca. 100h). The ratio of the cumulative soil CO2 flux caused by rainfall treatment to EMC was larger in TH-W and TZ-W plots (8.2 and 4.9%, respectively) than in the KZ-W and HG-W plots (2.9 and 1.1%, respectively). In addition, applied glucose was more heavily mineralized in the TH-WG and TZ-WG plots (15.0 and 9.7%, respectively) than in the KZ-WG and HG-WG plots (6.4 and 3.4%, respectively), because of the different MB increment patterns for the first 24h, i.e., immediate and large MB increments in TH and TZ, but not in KZ and HG. These results reveal a possible mechanism that causes the rapid decomposition of soil organic carbon and applied organic matter in the dry tropical cropland.

    DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2015.1018800

    Web of Science

  18. Effects of the Application of Digestates from Wet and Dry Anaerobic Fermentation to Japanese Paddy and Upland Soils on Short-Term Nitrification Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Koki Toyota

    MICROBES AND ENVIRONMENTS   Vol. 30 ( 1 ) page: 37 - 43   2015

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:JAPANESE SOC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, DEPT BIORESOURCE SCIENCE  

    Wet and dry anaerobic fermentation processes are operated for biogas production from organic matter, resulting in wet and dry digestates as by-products, respectively. The application of these digestates to soil as fertilizer has increased in recent years. Therefore, we herein compared the effects of applying wet digestates (pH 8.2, C/N ratio 4.5), dry digestates (pH 8.8, C/N ratio 23.4), and a chemical fertilizer to Japanese paddy and upland soils on short-term nitrification under laboratory aerobic conditions. Chloroform-labile C, an indicator of microbial biomass, was only minimally affected by these applications, indicating that a small amount of labile N was immobilized by microbes. All applications led to rapid increases in NO3-N contents in both soils, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, but not archaea may play a critical role in net nitrification in the amended soils. The net nitrification rates for both soils were the highest after the application of dry digestates, followed by wet digestates and then the chemical fertilizer in order of decreasing soil pH. These results suggest that the immediate effects of applying digestates, especially dry digestates with the highest pH, on nitrate leaching need to be considered when digestates are used as alternative fertilizers.

    DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME14080

    Web of Science

    PubMed

  19. Use of glucose as a model substrate in soil microbial studies: Overview and future prospects Reviewed

    SAWADA Kozue, TOYATA Koki

      Vol. 67 ( 1 ) page: 32 - 38   2013.4

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:the Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology  

    DOI: 10.18946/jssm.67.1_32

    CiNii Books

    Other Link: http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010852139

  20. Factors relating to glucose utilization efficiency by soil microorganisms Reviewed

    Sawada Kozue, Funakawa Shinya, Kosaki Takashi

    Soil Microorganisms   Vol. 65 ( 1 ) page: 41 - 48   2011.4

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology  

    DOI: 10.18946/jssm.65.1_41

    CiNii Books

    Other Link: http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010810824

  21. Simulating short-term dynamics of non-increasing soil respiration rates by a model using Michaelis-Menten kinetics Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosaki

    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION   Vol. 56 ( 6 ) page: 874 - 882   2010.12

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

    Short-term dynamics of soil respiration rates over time measured at hourly intervals during less than 12 h after microbial substrates were added to soils can be classified into first- order, zero-order and growth-associated types. To simulate the zero-order type respiration rates, a model using Michaelis-Menten kinetics is proposed, because this kinetics model includes a maximum respiration rate but no increase in microbial biomass. In this model, soil respiration by microorganisms was assumed to be the sum of the mineralization of easily available substrates (R), which include both added glucose (G) and substrates released by disturbance such as a mixing treatment (D) and constant mineralization under steady state conditions. By analyzing the short-term dynamics of previously published respiration rates, which show no increase with time, for a Kazakh forest, a Japanese forest and a Japanese arable soils, the parameter values of z(r) and D(0), which indicate the ratio of respired to utilized R and the initial concentration of D, respectively, were estimated. This allowed simulation of the decreasing concentrations of R and estimation of the parameters V(max) and M in the Michaelis-Menten equation. Simulations using the obtained parameter values matched the measured data well. Correlation coefficients (r(2)) and root mean square errors (RMSE) indicated that the simulations usually matched the measured data, which included not only zero-order respiration rates but also first- order respiration rates. Therefore, the proposed model using Michaelis-Menten kinetics can be used to simulate the short-term dynamics of respiration rates, which show no increase over time, when easily available substrates would be added in soils.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2010.00524.x

    Web of Science

    J-GLOBAL

  22. Threshold concentrations of glucose to increase the ratio of respiration to assimilation in a Japanese arable soil and a strongly acidic Japanese forest soil Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosaki

    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION   Vol. 55 ( 5 ) page: 634 - 642   2009.10

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

    It is widely recognized that the efficiency of substrate C use in acid and/or disturbed soils by soil microorganisms is relatively low based on the observation that metabolic quotients (qCO(2)) are usually high in these soils. In the present study, threshold concentrations of glucose, at which the ratio of respiration to assimilation by soil microorganisms began to increase, were comparatively analyzed using two soils differing in pH and disturbance, a Japanese arable soil disturbed by cultivation and a strongly acidic Japanese forest soil. Varying concentrations of glucose C, generally less than those in the microbial biomass C, were added to the two soils. The ratio of respired to utilized glucose C remained at approximately 20% when lower concentrations of glucose were added and respiration rates did not increase (zero-order types), whereas the ratio increased when the concentrations of added glucose exceeded a certain level and respiration rates increased (growth-associated types). The substrate-induced respiration rate a few hours after the addition of glucose increased only for the growth-associated types, although chloroform-labile C increased in both types as the concentrations of added glucose increased. The results clearly confirmed the presence of a threshold concentration of glucose above which the ratio of respiration to assimilation increased. The threshold concentrations in Japanese arable and forest soils were lower than the concentration previously reported in a moderately acidic Kazakh forest soil. The lower threshold concentrations observed in the Japanese arable and forest soils are considered to result from different microbial growth characteristics after the addition of glucose linked with a shorter lag period before the exponential increase of the respiration rate and a lower ratio of substrate induced respiration rate to biomass C, respectively. The results suggest that the efficiency of substrate C use in acid and disturbed soils is relatively low in situations where higher concentrations of substrates are occasionally supplied with temporal C &apos;flushes&apos;, such as may occur in the rhizosphere or in the vicinity of plant residues.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2009.00400.x

    Web of Science

  23. Different effects of pH on microbial biomass carbon and metabolic quotients by fumigation-extraction and substrate-induced respiration methods in soils under different climatic conditions Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosaki

    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION   Vol. 55 ( 3 ) page: 363 - 374   2009.6

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

    Soil microbial biomass C, the metabolic quotient ([qCO(2)] respiration rate to biomass ratio) and growth characteristics, such as lag period and specific respiration increment after the addition of glucose to the soil, were determined for 19 surface soils varying widely in pH and land use under different climatic conditions in Asia. The soil samples included natural undisturbed forest and grassland soils, and disturbed soils affected by cultivation or slash and burn agricultural practices. Although chloroform labile C was significantly correlated with the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) rate, the ratio of chloroform labile C to SIR was negatively correlated with soil pH. The SIR-biomass C to organic C ratio was significantly correlated with soil pH, but this correlation was not observed between pH and the biomass C to organic C ratio using the fumigation-extraction (FE) method. Similarly, the qCO(2) measured using SIR-biomass C (SIR-qCO(2)) was negatively correlated with soil pH, whereas the qCO(2) measured using FE-biomass C (FE-qCO(2)) was not correlated with pH. These results were in contrast to several reports on the significant correlations between soil pH and FE-biomass C to organic C ratio and FE-qCO(2) using soil samples collected from a relatively narrow range of climatic conditions. Therefore, it could be concluded that soil pH can indirectly affect the FE-biomass C to organic C ratio and FE-qCO(2) by affecting the quality and decomposition of litter and soil organic matter, but has a more direct effect on the SIR-biomass C to organic C ratio and SIR-qCO(2) by inhibiting the mineralization of glucose in acid soils. Although the lag period and the specific respiration increment were not well correlated with any measured variables, the lag period was significantly lower in the disturbed soils than in the natural undisturbed soils. This suggests that the lag period after glucose addition could be used as a good indicator of disturbance.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2009.00378.x

    Web of Science

  24. Soil microorganisms have a threshold concentration of glucose to increase the ratio of respiration to assimilation Reviewed

    Kozue Sawada, Shinya Funakawa, Takashi Kosak

    SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION   Vol. 54 ( 2 ) page: 216 - 223   2008.4

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:BLACKWELL PUBLISHING  

    The ratio of respiration to assimilation of glucose in soil microorganisms is reported to increase as the concentrations of added glucose increase. To explain this, a conceptual model has already been proposed in which the glucose acquired by soil microbes is incorporated into either storage compounds or storage compounds together with structural compounds only if sufficient glucose is available for growth. The model also suggested that glucose incorporation into storage compounds required less respiration and more assimilation than incorporation into structural compounds. We hypothesized that soil microbes start to invest acquired glucose into the synthesis of structural compounds when added glucose exceeds a threshold concentration. To confirm this hypothesis we investigated the patterns of glucose use after the addition of glucose C at 23 to 311% of biomass C, levels that are much lower than those tested in previous studies. Respiration rates did not increase (zero-order types) when added glucose C ranged from 23 to 47% of biomass C, but they did increase (growth-associated types) when glucose C was more than 78% of biomass C. The ratio of respiration to utilized glucose was approximately 20% for the zero-order types, but was higher than 20% and increased as the concentrations of added glucose increased for the growth-associated types. In addition, the substrate-induced respiration rate at 12 h after the glucose addition increased only for the growth-associated types, although chloroform-labile C increased in both types as the concentrations of added glucose increased. These results suggested that structural compounds were synthesized only for the growth-associated types and, thus, there was a threshold concentration of glucose over which structural compounds started to be synthesized in soil microbes and the ratio of respiration to assimilation started to increase.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00235.x

    Web of Science

  25. The main functions of the fallow phase in shifting cultivation by Karen people in northern Thailand-a quantitative analysis of soil organic matter dynamics Reviewed

    FUNAKAWA Shinya, HAYASHI Yoshikazu, TAZAKI Ikuko, SAWADA Kozue, KOSAKI Takashi

    Tropics   Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page: 1 - 27   2006.3

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    Language:English   Publisher:JAPAN SOCIETY OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY  

    To clarify the various functions of the fallow phase in the shifting cultivation system in northern Thailand, the fluctuation of fertility-related properties of soils throughout land-use stages was analyzed and the soil organic matter (SOM) budget was quantitatively evaluated, with special reference to soil microbial activities. The factors that have ensured the long-term sustainability of the shifting cultivation system can be summarized as follows: (1) Some soil properties relating to soil acidity improve when SOM increases in the late stages of fallow. The litter input may be supplying bases that are obtained via tree roots from further down the soil profile to the surface soil. This simultaneous increase in SOM and bases in the surface soil through forest-litter deposition in the late stages of fallow has an increasing effect on nutritional elements. (2) The decline in soil organic C during the cropping phase may be compensated by litter input during 6-7 years of fallow. With regards to overall budget, the organic matter input through incorporation of initial herbaceous biomass into the soil system after establishment of tree vegetation (approximately in the fourth year) was indispensable for maintaining the SOM level. (3) The succession of the soil microbial community from rapid consumers of resources to stable and slow utilizers, along with the establishment of secondary forest, retards further leaching loss of nitrogen (N) and enhances N accumulation in the forest-like ecosystems. It is noteworthy that during the fallow period, nitrifying activity of soil microbes, which was once activated in the cropping phase, is apparently suppressed. As a result, nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) effluent from soil layers was remarkably decreased, even in the initial stages of fallow. The functions of the fallow phase listed above can be considered essential to the maintenance of this forest-fallow system. Agricultural production can therefore be maintained with a fallow period of around 10 years, which is somewhat shorter than widely believed. Traditional shifting cultivation in the study village is shown to be well adapted to its soil-ecological condition.

    DOI: 10.3759/tropics.15.1

    CiNii Books

    J-GLOBAL

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Books 4

  1. 土壌生化学(実践土壌学シリーズ 3)

    沢田こずえ( Role: Joint author ,  第3章「微生物バイオマスと群集構造」、P. 25-38、)

    朝倉書店  2019 

  2. 土のひみつ~食料・環境・生命~

    沢田こずえ, 豊田剛己( Role: Contributor ,  第5-3章:土壌に窒素が供給されると大気中の二酸化炭素が減少する?)

    朝倉書店  2015.9 

  3. Research Approaches to Sustainable Biomass Systems

    ( Role: Contributor)

    Elsevier  2013.10 

  4. 改訂新土壌微生物実験法

    沢田こずえ( Role: Contributor ,  第11-3章:基質誘導呼吸法)

    養賢堂  2013.7 

MISC 3

  1. 書評:金子信博編「土壌生態学(実践土壌学シリーズ2)」 Invited

    沢田こずえ

    日本土壌肥料学雑誌   Vol. 90   page: 106   2019

  2. 書評:Kevin R Tate 編 「Microbial Biomass: A Paradigm Shift in Terrestrial Biogeochemistry」 Invited

    沢田こずえ

    土と微生物   Vol. 72 ( 1 ) page: 57 - 58   2018.4

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Book review, literature introduction, etc.  

  3. Soil microorganisms have a threshold concentration of glucose to increase the ratio of respiration to assimilation(SSPN AWARD)

    Sawada Kozue, Funakawa Shinya, Kosaki Takashi

    Abstracts of the meeting, the Society of the Science of Soil and Manure   ( 56 ) page: 237 - 237   2010.9

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  

    CiNii Books

Presentations 2

  1. 「分解者」の定義に当てはめて土壌微生物とその働きを考える Invited

    沢田こずえ

    日本生態学会自由集会  2017.3.15 

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    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

  2. 「ミニマム・ロス」の農業の規範となる自然生態系土壌における微生物群集組成と養分循環の解明 Invited

    沢田こずえ

    日本土壌微生物学会2021年度大会シンポジウム(東京)  2021.6 

KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) 13

  1. 多様な土壌における有機炭素蓄積ポテンシャルの解明

    Grant number:23H03524  2023.4 - 2026.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    渡邉 哲弘, 沢田 こずえ, 柴田 誠

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    土壌は陸域最大の炭素プールであり、土壌への有機炭素の蓄積は、大気中の二酸化炭素濃度を減少させる重要な方策となっている。本研究では、有機炭素蓄積メカニズムの異なる土壌を対象として、表面科学に基づく有機炭素-粘土鉱物界面の解析と、最先端の微生物群集組成および活性の解析によって、土壌ごとに異なる有機炭素蓄積ポテンシャルを明らかにする。さらに、土壌生成学に基づき、気候、地質情報から有機炭素蓄積ポテンシャルの空間分布を解明する。

  2. 熱帯土壌におけるリン利用性が有機物分解・蓄積に与える影響

    Grant number:22K05931  2022.4 - 2025.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(C)

    沢田 こずえ, 渡邉 哲弘, 國頭 恭

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost:\960000 )

    土壌有機物量の増加による肥沃度改善によって単位面積あたりの農業生産性を向上させ、「持続可能な集約化」を達成することは、生産性の低下や農地と熱帯林の競合が顕在化している熱帯地域において、喫緊の課題となっている。本研究では、熱帯土壌において、リンの形態と量および微生物の群集組成と機能が、有機物分解・蓄積に与える影響を解明する。以上によって、熱帯農地において、効率的な土壌有機物量の増加による「持続可能な集約化」達成を目指す。
    土壌有機物量の増加による肥沃度改善によって単位面積あたりの農業生産性を向上させ、「持続可能な集約化」を達成することは、生産性の低下や農地と熱帯林の競合が顕在化している熱帯地域において、喫緊の課題となっている。本研究では、熱帯土壌において、リンの形態と量および微生物の群集組成と機能が、有機物分解・蓄積に与える影響を解明し、効率的な土壌有機物量の増加による「持続可能な集約化」達成を目指す。具体的には、近年急速に発展してきた13Cトレーサー法と分子生物学的手法を応用し、熱帯土壌において、リンの形態と量および微生物の群集組成と機能が、プライミング効果に与える影響を解明する。
    2022年度は、基質を添加して培養した土壌における炭素・リン獲得酵素活性や細菌・真菌の量や群集組成を測定し、基質添加による正のプライミング効果との関係を解明した。また、インドネシアの標高が異なる土壌において、微生物群集組成を解析した。
    現在、インドネシアとベトナムの土壌において、リンの形態と量を測定するための方法を模索している。
    2022年度は、リンマイニングによる正のプライミング効果が起こることがすでに分かっているベトナムの土壌において、そのメカニズム解明のために、添加なし、無機態窒素のみ添加(N)、無機態リンのみ添加(P)、13C標識グルコースのみ添加(C)、CN添加、CP添加、CNP添加の処理を加えた後培養した土壌における、炭素・リン獲得酵素活性や細菌・真菌の量や群集組成を測定した。その結果、正のプライミング効果は、フォスファターゼによる有機態リンの加水分解とは関係なく起こることが分かった。また、プライミング効果に関わる細菌・真菌群集組成や機能予測解析による機能遺伝子は、同定できなかった。
    さらに、インドネシアの標高が異なる土壌において、微生物群集組成を解明した。
    現在、インドネシアとベトナムの土壌において、リンの形態と量を測定するために、最適な酵素添加法(多量のフィターゼやフォスファターゼ添加によって遊離される無機態リンの定量)を模索している。
    ベトナムの土壌において、リンマイニングによる正のプライミング効果のメカニズム解明のために、有機酸生成にかかわる遺伝子(pqqC)やフォスファターゼ生成にかかわる遺伝子(phoC, phoD)をreal-time PCRによって定量する。また、インドネシア土壌に加えて、よりリン利用性が低いと考えられるカメルーン土壌においても、微生物群集組成を解明する。
    リンの形態と量を測定するための酵素添加法については、NaOH溶液抽出によって沈殿した有機物が吸光度測定を妨害することが分かったので、今後は有機酸抽出による測定法を検討する。

  3. Controlling mechanism of accumulation and decomposition of soil organic carbon

    Grant number:20H04322  2020.4 - 2023.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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  4. Relationship between Soil Microbial Diversity and Priming Effects in Forest Ecosystems

    Grant number:19K20434  2019.4 - 2023.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists

    Sawada Kozue

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    Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost:\960000 )

    This study elucidated the effects of differences in mycorrhizal types (ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), soil acidity, and N and P limitation on microbial community composition and diversity and the effect of C addition to promote organic matter degradation (priming effect) in forest soils.
    The results revealed that differences in mycorrhizal types significantly affected microbial community composition and diversity, but not the priming effect. The priming effect was suppressed in highly acidic soils in Japan. The priming effect through P mining occurred in P-poor tropical forest soils, and the priming effect through N mining occurred in N-poor temperate forest soils. These results are essential for accurately predicting C dynamics in forest soils.

  5. Development of integrated soil management technology towards rehabilitation of degraded soils in the Tropics

    Grant number:18H02315  2018.4 - 2022.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Kosaki Takashi

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    The negative spiral of poverty and hunger caused by soil degradation is becoming more severe especially in tropical regions. In this research, in addition to the conventional quantitative management of organic matter, we hypothesized that the management of soil microbial functions, such as mineralization/immobilization of organic matter, should be possible to effectively rehabilitate and conserve degraded soil. We conducted the field experiments in Tanzania and India, to reveal the relationship between the soil microbial community and its function under different land managements.
    The results showed that 1) the difference in the microbial carbon use efficiency caused by land use (forest and cropland) was mainly due to the difference in the fungal community, 2) In a large amount of farm yard manure application plot, soil microbial function, such as carbon mineralization, was improved, resulting in the efficient accumulation of organic matter in the soil.

  6. Establishment of "Minimum-loss" agriculture

    Grant number:17H06171  2017.5 - 2022.3

    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science  Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)

    Funakawa Shinya

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    As a result of a detailed analysis of nutrient dynamics in natural ecosystems and conventional farming systems in different regions of the world, it was found that the appropriate use of organic resources that match the climate and soil conditions is necessary in order to control the loss of resources such as nitrogen leaching from agricultural lands. The input of organic matter into the soil directly accumulates resources such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil as organo-mineral complexes, and indirectly, through physical, chemical, and biological reactions, these resources are accumulated as temporary storage. It is necessary to develop site-specific management by recognizing soil properties, including mineralogical, chemical, and microbial properties of soils.

  7. 土壌の乾燥再湿潤による有機物分解メカニズムの解明と定量的解析

    Grant number:17J40120  2017.4 - 2020.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  特別研究員奨励費

    沢田 こずえ

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    将来の気候変動によって、土壌が乾燥再湿潤される回数が増加すると予測されている。土壌が乾燥再湿潤されると、微生物基質炭素(C)の増加を引き金として、微生物活性の増加とそれによる土壌からのCO2や養分放出量の増加というカスケード反応が起こる。そこで本研究では、乾燥履歴や微生物群集組成が異なる土壌を用いて、乾燥再湿潤による有機物分解メカニズムの解明を行うことを目的とする。
    今年度は、これまでの研究(Sawada et al. 2010)を応用し、Michaelis-Menten式を改良したモデル式を構築し、乾燥再湿潤処理後のCO2放出速度のシミュレートを試みた。その結果、農耕地土壌やカザフスタン森林土壌などでは、一般によく用いられる一次反応式よりも、Michaelis-Menten式を用いたモデル式の方が、フィッティング精度が向上した。つまり、乾燥再湿潤後のCO2放出速度は、微生物バイオマス量が制限要因になる場合があるため、パラメータにバイオマスの指標を加えることで精度が向上することが分かった。その一方、日本森林土壌などでは、乾燥再湿潤後のCO2放出速度は、指数関数的に増加後減少したため、一次反応式でもMichaelis-Menten式でもフィッティングできなかった。つまり、微生物バイオマスのみでなく、微生物の増減もモデルに組み込む必要があることが分かった。以上の成果は、乾燥再湿潤による有機物分解を定量的に解析するうえで重要な成果である。

  8. 土壌微生物の養分獲得戦略に基づく有機物分解促進メカニズムの解明

    Grant number:13J40116  2013.4 - 2017.3

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  特別研究員奨励費

    沢田 こずえ

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    将来、大気CO2濃度の上昇による植物の光合成促進に伴って、土壌へのC供給量が増加すると予想される。土壌へ易分解性Cが添加されると、もともと土壌に存在する有機物の無機化が促進(正のプライミング効果)または遅延(負のプライミング効果)される。また、人間活動の発展に伴って、大気中のN化合物濃度が増加した結果、土壌へのN負荷量も増加している。土壌へ無機態Nが添加されると、プライミング効果が抑制または促進される。本研究は、「N供給能が低い日本森林土壌では、プライミング効果に与える無機態N添加の影響が大きい」という仮説を検証するために、高知県スギ林とヒノキ林土壌において、プライミング効果に与える無機態N添加の影響を評価することを目的とした。
    結果、ヒノキ土壌では、グルコース添加によって負のプライミング効果が起こった。また、土壌有機物由来微生物バイオマスCが増加した。ヒノキは糸状菌が優占するので、糸状菌が体内に炭素を貯めこむことによってCO2放出が抑えられるのかもしれない。一方、スギ土壌へグルコースのみ添加した場合は、プライミング効果は起こらなかったが、グルコースとともに無機態Nを添加した場合、正のプライミング効果が起こった。また、58日間で添加グルコースCを上回るCO2-Cが積算で放出され、C収支がマイナスとなったことから、スギへのC・N添加の影響は極めて大きいことが分かった。また、この時土壌有機物由来微生物バイオマスNの代謝回転が速くなった。
    以上から、①ヒノキでは、無機態N添加の有無にかかわらず正のプライミング効果が起こらなかった、②スギでは、無機態N添加によってバイオマスNの代謝回転が早まり、正のプライミング効果が起こったことが分かった。

  9. 「ミニマム・ロスの農業」実現を目指して

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  10. 熱帯畑作地における有機物の「質・量」統合的生態系管理による劣化土壌修復技術の創出

    基盤B

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    2年目にあたる本年度は、課題1:土地利用が土壌微生物群集の多様性・機能および群集内・間の炭素利用効率に与える影響の解明、に取り組むため、昨年度に引き続き、タンザニアにおいて、土地利用が異なる4地点から採取した土壌の分析を行った。この結果、アンプリコン解析を用いた土壌微生物の群集構造の解析およびシャノン指数を用いた多様性評価の結果、炭素利用効率が高い地点で、1)特定の微生物群集が存在すること、2)微生物の多様性が高いこと、を明らかにした。以上のことは、仮説「農地化に伴う微生物群集構造の変化は炭素利用効率を低下させる」を支持している。
    これに加えて、土壌の理化学性と微生物群集構造は類似しているが、微生物の多様性と炭素利用効率には有意な差がある、畑地と乾燥林の2地点を対象に、添加した炭素を実際に体内に取り込んだ微生物の群集構造や多様性を特定するために、Stable Isotope Probe法を用いた実験を行い、試料を作成した。次年度以降、これら試料中の微生物群集を、アンプリコン解析により評価することで、実際に基質を利用している微生物群集が土地利用間でどの程度違うのか、に着目して、2地点の炭素利用効率の違いを検討する。
    また、上述した結果は熱帯酸性土壌であるタンザニアでの実験結果であるが、熱帯アルカリ性土壌であるインドでも同様の調査を実施し、類似の試験設定で各種試料を採取している。次年度以降、同様の実験を行い解析することで、より広範な生態環境条件下を対象とした仮説の検証を行う。
    上述したとおり、当初の計画通り、昨年度入手した分析試料の分析や解析が順調に進んでいる。加えて、現在までに得られた結果も仮説を支持するものとなっていることから、(2)おおむね順調に進展している、といえる。
    課題1の達成のために、引き続き1-2年目に採取・精製した試料を用いた分析を行う。具体的には、SIP法を用いた土壌微生物の群集内における炭素資源利用特性の評価(タンザニアの試料)と、土地利用ごとの土壌理化学性と土壌微生物の群集構造および炭素利用効率の関係性解明(インドの試料)である。これらの遂行により、仮説「農地化に伴う微生物群集構造の変化は炭素利用効率を低下させる」を熱帯地域において実証する。
    次に、課題2:多様な有機物の施用が有機物分解速度に与える影響の解明、に関しては、COVID-19の影響も考慮しつつ、安全第一としたうえで、慎重かつ柔軟に研究を進めることとする。具体的には、万が一、現地での圃場試験ができなかった場合には、すでに手元にある現地土壌を用いて、日本国内で類似の培養実験を実施することを検討する。
    加えて、得られた研究成果を国内外の学会で発表するとともに、投稿論文の取りまとめを行う。

  11. 熱帯土壌におけるリン利用性が有機物分解・蓄積に与える影響

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  12. 土壌有機炭素の蓄積・分解を制御するメカニズムの解明

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  13. 森林生態系における土壌微生物の多様性とプライミング効果の関係

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