Publisher：International Journal of Social Robotics  

Research is currently being conducted on the use of robots as human labor support technology. In particular, the service industry needs to allocate more manpower, and it will be important for robots to support people. This study focuses on using a humanoid robot as a social service robot to convey information in a shopping mall, and the types of robot behaviors were analyzed. In order to convey the information, two processes must occur. Pedestrians must stop in front of the robot, and the robot must continue the engagement with them. For the purpose of this study, three types of autonomous robot behaviors were analyzed and compared in these processes in the experiment: greeting, in-trouble, dancing behaviors. After interactions were attempted with 5,000+ pedestrians, this study revealed that the in-trouble behavior can make pedestrians stop more and stay longer. In addition, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the robot in a real environment, the comparative results between three robot behaviors and human advertisers revealed that (1) the results of the greeting and dancing behavior are comparable to those of the humans, and (2) the performance of the in-trouble behavior in providing information tasks is higher than that of all human advertisers. These findings demonstrate that the performance of robots is comparable to that of humans in providing information tasks in a limited environment; therefore, it is expected that service robots as a labor support technology will be able to perform well in the real world.

DOI： 10.1007/s12369-022-00907-9

Scopus

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Studies on social robots that can communicate with humans are increasingly important. In particular, semi-aautonomous robots have shown potential for practical applications in which robot autonomy and human teleoperation are jointly used to accomplish difficult tasks. However, it is unknown how the attitude represented in the autonomous behavior of the robots affects teleoperators. Previous studies reported that when humans play a particular role, their attitudes align with that role. The teleoperators of semi-autonomous robots also play the role given to the robots and may assimilate their autonomous expression. We hypothesized that the attitude of teleoperators may align with that of robots through teleoperation. To verify this, we conducted an experiment with conditions under which a participant operated a part of the body of an android robot that autonomously expressed a preferential attitude toward a painting and a condition under which they did not. Experimental results demonstrated that the preferential attitude of participants who teleoperated the android aligned statistically significantly more with that of the robot in comparison to those who did not teleoperate it, thereby supporting our hypothesis. This finding is novel regarding attitude change in teleoperators of semi-autonomous robots and can support the implementation of effective human-robot collaboration systems.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-13829-3

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Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13829-3

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Future service robots mass-produced for practical applications may benefit from having personalities. To engineer robot personalities in significant quantities for practical applications, we need first to identify the personality dimensions on which personality traits can be effectively optimised by minimising the distances between engineering targets and the corresponding robots under construction, since not all personality dimensions are applicable and equally prominent. Whether optimisation is possible on a personality dimension depends on how specific users consider the personalities of a type of robot, especially whether they can provide effective feedback to guide the optimisation of certain traits on a personality dimension. The dimensions may vary from user group to user group since not all people consider a type of trait to be relevant to a type of robot, which our results corroborate. Therefore, we had proposed a test procedure as an engineering tool to identify, with the help of a user group, personality dimensions for engineering robot personalities out of a type of robot knowing its typical usage. It applies to robots that can imitate human behaviour and small user groups with at least eight people. We confirmed its effectiveness in limited-scope tests.

DOI： 10.3390/robotics11010028

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

<p>When an operator teleoperates with semi-autonomous conversational robots simultaneously installed at multiple locations, the operator needs to quickly understand the context of the situation to change the operating robot. Therefore, clarifying suitable summarization methods for each typical situation for the use-case of multiple conversational robots provides sufficient conversational services. In this paper, we proposed a summarization method for each situation and researched if operators can understand the context more quickly by the proposed method than the standard method. Firstly, we categorized conversation situations by task-orientation of possible use-case in conversational robots, and then we focused on the "taking out of food" and "chitchat" as a task-oriented and non-task-oriented conversational situation. Finally, we researched the suited summarization method by comparing the proposed method and the common one. As a result, we found that the proposed method suits for focused conversational situations to understand the contents of a conversation.</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2022.0_2f1gs904

CiNii Research

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

<p>To design a dialogue well and easily implement it into an agent dialogue system, we constructed and verified typical dialogue patterns as “ Dialogue Design Patterns ”. To analyze the dialogues, we defined the “ Standard Dialogue Structure ”that represents simple components of dialogues. This is constructed using the“ Turn ”that is one turn-taking between the dialogue participants, the“ Topic ”that is a series of Turns in which a single question is resolved, the“Topic-shift”that is short interaction in which a consensus is built before moving to the next Topic, and the“ Scene ”that puts together each component. We investigated the frequent patterns of dialogue in the Topic. We analyzed the content of each Turn’s utterances on two axes:“convey-receive”and“logical-emotional”. These Turns were labeled on a four-quadrant impression as“ teach ”(logical convey),“ empathy ”(emotional convey),“ survey ” (logical receive), and“ listen ”(emotional receive). We analyzed the frequency of appearance for these labels in the Turns for each Topic using frequent pattern analysis, and we found several typical patterns that order these labels. We named these the patterns and determined their tendency scores. The tendencies of these patterns were categorized into“ information amount ”,“ cooperation ”, and“ balance ”. Finally, we implemented a dialogue scenario created using the Standard Dialogue Structures and Dialogue Design Patterns in our system. In the feasibility study with local government employees, the achievement rate of agent dialogue was more than 50%, and it higher than our previous system. This shows that dialogues based on Dialogue Design Patterns can facilitate agent dialogue. In conclusion, we showed that applying the Standard Dialogue Structure and Dialogue Design Patterns to dialogues in a human-agent dialogue system is a practical and possible way of easily implementing effective dialogues that facilitate interaction even for novices in dialogue design.</p>

DOI： 10.1527/tjsai.36-5_ag21-f

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE VIRTUAL REALITY SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

<p>With the development of engineering technology, many attempts have been made to persuade humans using engineering technology. Research on persuasion toward physical purposes using engineering technology has been conducted. For example, about changing attitudes toward purchasing products. On the other hand, for persuasion toward metaphysical purposes such as understanding abstract concepts and religious ideas, no methodology for using engineering technology has been established. This research aimed to realize persuasion toward metaphysical purposes. We focused on persuasion on the peripheral route in the elaboration likelihood model, and targeted transmission of Buddhist Doctrine as a metaphysical content. In order to achieve this, we have developed the media integrating an android and projection mapping. We discussed the relationship between the conventional media for transmission of Buddhist Doctrine and the developed system, and conducted the field experiment to verify the effectiveness of the developed system. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that the developed system could be effective for the transmission of Buddhist Doctrine. In the future, we plan to verify the effectiveness of the developed system outside of the transmission of Buddhism, and the synergistic effects that occur only by integrating an android and projection mapping in laboratory experiments.</p>

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.26.4_288

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s12369-020-00651-y

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Though existing social robots can already be used in a variety of applications, there are technical limitations to their use, especially outside the laboratory, and humans do not fully trust or recognize them. Considering these problems, a method to make humans accept a robot’s suggestion more easily was investigated. An idea called “sequential persuasion” was developed to use multiple robots distant from each other to deliver small messages, rather than a single robot for the entire interaction. To experimentally validate this concept, a field experiment was performed on a university campus. Two bottles of hand sanitizer were placed in one of the entrances to a building, and their usage was observed under three different conditions: no robot, one robot, and three robots. As people passed through the entrance corridor, the robots promoted the usage of the hand sanitizers. After several days of testing, it was found that the usage increased progressively from no robot to one robot to three robots, indicating that the number of robots influenced the behavior of the humans.

DOI： 10.3390/app11136080

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1111/jcal.12511

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/jcal.12511

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)  

<p>Connected services have been under development in the automotive industry. Meanwhile, the volume of predictive notifications that utilize travel-related data is increasing, and there are concerns that drivers cannot process such an amount of information or do not accept and follow such predictive instructions straightforwardly because the information provided is predicted. In this work, an interactive voice system using two agents is proposed to realize notifications that can easily be accepted by drivers and enhance the reliability of the system by adding contextual information. An experiment was performed using a driving simulator to compare the following three forms of notifications: (1) notification with no contextual information, (2) notification with contextual information using one agent, and (3) notification with contextual information using two agents. The notification content was limited to probable near-miss incidents. The results of the experiment indicate that the driver may decelerate more with the one- and two-agent notification methods than with the conventional notification method. The degree of deceleration depended the number of times the notification was provided and whether there were cars parked on the streets.</p>

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2020edp7068

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：Springer International Publishing  

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-77015-0_25

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Robotics Society of Japan  

<p></p>

DOI： 10.7210/jrsj.39.39

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Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Human Interface Society  

During classroom-type lectures, some students feel difficulty in asking questions, although it is considered to improve the lecture quality and students’ understanding. We propose a system called Robot-Assisted Questioning System (RAQS) that can promote teacher-student communication in the lecture. It allows students to post questions and opinions on an online messaging interface. The messages were sent to a robot to be posed to the teacher, with or without the voting procedure. In this paper, we report a case study of the field experiment in a lecture which was assisted by RAQS. Students found RAQS efficient and useful for improving their communication with the teacher. For the practical use, the results suggest a future improvement of the system to add the function for controlling the number of robot utterance to avoid interference with the teaching process.

DOI： 10.11184/his.22.4_369

CiNii Research

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems  

DOI： 10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9341537

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Disclosing personal matters to other individuals often contributes to the maintenance of our mental health and social bonding. However, in face-to-face situations, it can be difficult to prompt others to self-disclose because people often feel embarrassed disclosing personal matters to others. Although artificial agents without strong social pressure for listeners to induce self-disclosure is a promising engineering method that can be applied in daily stress management and reduce depression, gender difference is known to make a drastic difference of the attitude toward robots. We hypothesized that, as compared to men, women tend to prefer robots as a listener for their self-disclosure. The experimental results that are based on questionnaires and the actual self-disclosure behavior indicate that men preferred to self-disclose to the human listener, while women did not discriminate between robots and humans as listeners for their self-disclosure in the willingness and the amount of self-disclosure. This also suggests that the gender difference needs to be considered when robots are used as a self-disclosure listener.

DOI： 10.3390/mti4030035

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/01691864.2020.1769724

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM  

DOI： 10.1145/3334480.3375212

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Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

我が国は人口減少社会という次代の社会構造への過渡期にあり，社会・産業構造の再構成に取り組んでいる．人口減少社会においては，人口そのものが少ないために，地域を基盤とした従来のコミュニティ形成が困難となっている．一方，若年層の間では，互いの詳細な個人情報を持たないインターネット上のサービスで実現された「弱いつながり」により，災害時などの互助を実現する「強いコミュニティ」が形成されている．我々は，人口減少社会におけるICT基盤となるサービスは，高齢者や知的ハンディキャップを持つ障碍者など多くの人間が利用でき，バーチャルエージェントも参加し人口減少分を補完し，互助の可能性を増大させ，孤独死などの不安を解消するサービスであると結論づけた．本稿では，「御用聞きAI」に実装した複数の機能について，利用者の評価や実証実験での利用率などの結果とともに，継続採用，停止した実績の紹介を行う．また，実証実験において「御用聞きAI」を実事業として運用した結果を元に，持続可能な仕組みづくりと高齢者の孤独感解消の観点から，基盤サービスとして注力すべき機能を再整理する．これらの考察を踏まえ，人口減少社会に必要な基盤サービスとは具体的にどのような機能を有するサービスであるか，「御用聞きAI」の最新版とともに明らかにする．

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1145/3371382.3378289

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s42452-020-2192-7

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-2192-7/fulltext.html

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Human Interface Society  

While the potential of adopting robots interacting with humans in stores was shown in the previous studies, however robots that can work with people in stores and provide services have not taken root in society yet. In this paper, we realized an android robot which can help the duties of the salespersons at a boutique as well as provide mental support by cooperating with them. We considered that it is important for such robots to not only serve the customers but also support the salespersons. Therefore, we first interviewed salespersons at a boutique to find out what they expect from the robot. The result of the survey showed that they mainly expect three points from the robot: 1) reducing the workload of salesperson, 2) providing mental support for salesperson, and 3) assisting salesperson to establish a good relationship with the customer. To deal with these issues, we implemented an onsite-operated android. Through an 11-day field experiment in a boutique, in which the salespersons used the android, it was observed that the android could contribute to the salespersons in some situation of the work, and more possibilities for the android to contribute to the salespersons in some different aspects was investigated.

DOI： 10.11184/his.22.3_275

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

<p>In this paper, we have described an attempt to gradually induce the intended behavior by continuing dialogue and promoting decision-making. In order to give people social influence through dialogue, it is important to continue the dialogue. Therefore, we described an attempt to keep the conversation between the robot and viewer for a long time in NicoLive Broadcasting. In addition, after the dialogue was able to be continued, it was found that the choice-based dialogue system presented multiple choices and encouraged decision-making, which affected the preferences and purchasing behavior of people.</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2020.0_3j5os9b01

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

<p>Due to recent technological progress, various kinds of information, for example, objective information such as news and subjective information such as recommendations, are conveyed by various methods such as characters, photos, videos, robots, etc. Among them, it has become clear that conveying information using conversation makes it easier for the receiver to remain in memory than simply conveyed information. Therefore, by reconstructing information into conversation, we can convey information more efficiently. Two agents which has incomplete knowledge reconcile each other's knowledge and represent an attempt to understand each other's knowledge with conversation. Then we can reconstruct information into conversation. The two knowledge structures are created by dividing one complete knowledge structure into two incomplete ones. And the two agents aim to bring each knowledge structure closer to the complete one by reconciling each other's knowledge. The original complete knowledge structure is a structure with attributes, and form filling is performed using API. In addition, concrete conversations are created by filling incomplete sentences with words based on attributes. In this paper, we describe in detail the methods and techniques used for a system that realizes reconstructing information into conversation.</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.jsai2020.0_2p4gs1105

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM  

DOI： 10.1145/3369457.3370913

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptz106

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics  

<p>It is well known that prior knowledge and belief substantially influence our attitude toward another person in an interpersonal communication scene. Meanwhile, in many cases, we do not use confirmed prior knowledge and belief in a human-robot interaction scene, because these entities do not have commonly shared identities. Hence, it is still unclear that how prior knowledge and belief affect our attitude toward artificial robots. In this study, we investigated how prior knowledge and belief influence our attitude toward android of "Soseki Natsume" who is one of most famous novelists in Japan. As a result, we found that prior knowledge about Soseki was weakly related to the subject's sense of reality of the android. Furthermore, we also found that the awe of artificial intelligence was strongly related to the subject's sense of reality of the android.</p>

DOI： 10.3156/jsoft.31.5_852

CiNii Books

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1080/01691864.2019.1676823

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/app9173442

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

In semi-autonomous robot conferencing, not only the operator controls the robot, but the robot itself also moves autonomously. Thus, it can modify the operator’s movement (e.g., adding social behaviors). However, the sense of agency, that is, the degree of feeling that the movement of the robot is the operator’s own movement, would decrease if the operator is conscious of the discrepancy between the teleoperation and autonomous behavior. In this study, we developed an interface to control the robot head by using an eye tracker. When the robot autonomously moves its eye-gaze position, the interface guides the operator’s eye movement towards this autonomous movement. The experiment showed that our interface can maintain the sense of agency, because it provided the illusion that the autonomous behavior of a robot is directed by the operator’s eye movement. This study reports the conditions of how to provide this illusion in semi-autonomous robot conferencing.

DOI： 10.3390/fi11070143

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ACM  

DOI： 10.1145/3284432.3284448

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/jcal.12325

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018. The first robotic copies of real humans have become available. They enable their users to be physically present in multiple locations simultaneously. This study investigates the influence that the embodiment of an agent has on its persuasiveness and its perceived personality. Is a robotic copy as persuasive as its human counterpart? Does it have the same personality? We performed an experiment in which the embodiment of the agent was the independent variable and the persuasiveness and perceived personality were the dependent measurements. The persuasive agent advertised a Bluetooth headset. The results show that an android is perceived as being as persuasive as a real human or a video recording of a real human. The personality of the participant had a considerable influence on the measurements. Participants who were more open to new experiences rated the persuasive agent lower on agreeableness and extroversion. They were also more willing to spend money on the advertised product.

DOI： 10.1007/978-981-10-8702-8_14

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

採択率: 44.4%

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence  

<p>In this study, we developed and evaluated a dialogue system which enables an android robot to have a chat with users on Niconico Live provided by Dwango Co., Ltd. which is a live streaming service. In Niconico Live, broadcasters can talk to users who write comments displayed on the video stream. Therefore, by using Niconico Live chat, we eliminated speech recognition errors which can occur during speech conversations. In addition, the dialogue system can keep consistency of conversation by selecting the comment to which it can correctly respond because many comments are shown simultaneously on the video stream. The dialogue system was designed as a retrieval-based one which finds the appropriate response to user's utterance from a dialogue corpus. Therefore, we collected a dialogue corpus containing 4,460 pairs of comments and robot responses by teleoperating the android robot talking with users, as a first step. In the next step, we completed the dialogue system on Niconico Live integrating the dialogue corpus into it. To evaluate the performance of the dialogue system, we recorded the conversation between the android and users while running the designed system. After that, we showed the recorded conversation to evaluators and asked them how they feel about the naturalness and consistency of the conversation. Results of the experiment indicate that Niconico Live users perceived the responses of the dialogue system to be natural and found the chat with the android entertaining. Through this study, we demonstrated the applicability of the dialogue system on Niconico Live. However, it is difficult to discuss its effectiveness when applying it to other situations or other communication media such as a humanoid robot or a virtual agent. Therefore, as a future work, conducting a comparative experiment might lead to better understanding of the effectiveness of the dialogue system for androids.</p>

DOI： 10.1527/tjsai.DSH-G

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmermd.2018.2a1-c14

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI AG  

Even after long-term exposures, androids with a strikingly human-like appearance evoke unnatural feelings. The behavior that would induce human-like feelings after long exposures is difficult to determine, and it often depends on the cultural background of the observers. Therefore, in this study, we generate an acting performance system for the android, in which an android and a human interact in a stage play in the real world. We adopt the theatrical theory called Contemporary Colloquial Theatre Theory to give the android natural behaviors so that audiences can comfortably observe it even after long-minute exposure. A stage play is created and shown in various locations, and the audiences are requested to report their impressions of the stage and their cultural and psychological backgrounds in a self-evaluating questionnaire. Overall analysis indicates that the audience had positive feelings, in terms of attractiveness, towards the android on the stage even after 20 min of exposure. The singularly high acceptance of the android by Japanese audiences seems to be correlated with a high animism tendency, rather than to empathy. We also discuss how the stage play approach is limited and could be extended to contribute to realization of human-robot interaction in the real world.

DOI： 10.3390/fi9040075

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

<p>本研究では、株式会社ドワンゴが提供するニコニコ生放送サービス上で、人と雑談対話エンジンが協調してアンドロイドを操作し、雑談対話コーパスを収集しながら雑談対話エンジンの漸進的な自律性の獲得を目指すシステムを提案する。ニコニコ生放送では配信された映像を不特定多数のユーザが視聴するため、効率的な対話コーパス収集が可能である。本稿では上記手法を実装・運用し、雑談対話エンジンの一定の自律性の獲得を確認した。</p>

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.JSAI2017.0_2N23

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

A key challenge in designing humanoid robots is producing natural and human-like behaviour. This study addressed this challenge by developing an instructive interface to design natural and human-like behaviour in a humanoid robot that will be helpful not only for professional robot motion designers but also for nonprofessionals. A staging method called contemporary colloquial theatre theory has been developed in the field of theatre to reproduce the natural behaviour of humans. Based on the theory, to design robot behaviour, we extracted implicit knowledge from a director's instructions given to a robot actor in a robot theatre project, where the robot functions as an actor and interacts with human actors. This paper shows the validity of applying this knowledge extraction method by means of a public stage play entitled Night On The Milky Way Train and two short plays created for the purpose of carrying out an analysis. Our analysis produced important rules for designing the behaviour of humanoid robots. The rules were extracted in forms suited to the instructive function of the interface. In this paper, we report the results of a subjective experiment conducted to verify the effectiveness of this function. Our experimental results suggest that the rules derived are effective in improving robot behaviour. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.robot.2016.11.017

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (conference, symposium, etc.)  

採択率: 42.9%<br />
ベストペーパー候補

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本認知科学会  

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.23.411

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging  

DOI： 10.5104/jiep.19.378

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DOI： 10.11225/jcss.23.411

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Association for Computing Machinery, Inc  

The future role of android robots is discussed. Survey results reveal that people are capable of viewing androids as companions and will accept androids operating in various roles within human society
however, people are uncomfortable with androids operating in roles in which they are able to persuade humans to do something, affect humans' minds, or supervise young children. To examine people's response to an actual android robot within human society, an android capable of operating as "lecturer" was implemented and an evaluative experiment conducted. It was found that androids can evoke feelings of attentiveness that are much stronger than those evoked by existing media. Furthermore, use of the lecturer android did not improve efficiency. It is possible that people expected the android to have human-like abilities because of its human-like appearance. However, regardless of the cause, it is clear from the experiment that it is necessary to program androids with more human-like functions if they are to fill useful roles within human society.

DOI： 10.1145/2814940.2814960

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：Association for Computing Machinery  

The roles of robots in the real world have become more diverse depending on their bodily properties. In this study, we aim to determine the roles that androids, whose bodily properties resemble humans, could serve in the real world. Selling and purchasing are common human activities. Therefore, we proposed the use of an android as a salesperson with cognitive and affective strategies utilizing the advantages of online-and counter-selling methods. We conducted a field study to investigate whether androids could sell goods in a department store. As a result, our sales strategies worked well and the android could sell 43 sweaters that cost approximately 100 dollars each for 10 days. These results are important knowledge for determining how androids may serve new roles and communicate with humans in the real world.

DOI： 10.1145/2702613.2702967

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：ISCA-INT SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSOC  

In an effort to relieve the mental stress experienced by speakers in foreign language speech education classes, an experiment using a tele-operated robot was conducted and its effect was evaluated. The robot was utilized in the following class environment: the teacher and classmates were not able to see the actual appearance of the speaker; however, the speaker could visually recognize the tele-operated robot speaking as its proxy, and was aware of the fact that the teacher and classmates also recognized the situation. The results of statistical analysis of subjective evaluation by the speakers to evaluate the effect on stress show that the degree of stress in speakers was lower when conversations with the teacher were conducted indirectly via the robot than doing so directly. A similar tendency is indicated by the results of subjective evaluation by the listeners in this experiment to imagine the case that they themselves are speakers. These results confirm that it is possible to relieve the mental stress experienced by speakers by utilizing a tele-operated robot.

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.18974/tvrsj.20.1_15

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Against the background of the uncanny valley hypothesis we investigated how people react towards an android robot in a natural environment dependent on the behavior displayed by the robot (still vs. moving) in a quasi-experimental observational field study. We present data on unscripted interactions between humans and the android robot "Geminoid HI-1" in an Austrian public cafe and subsequent interviews. Data were analyzed with regard to the participants' nonverbal behavior (e.g. attention paid to the robot, proximity). We found that participants' behavior towards the android robot as well as their interview answers were influenced by the behavior the robot displayed. In addition, we found huge inter-individual differences in the participants' behavior. Implications for the uncanny valley and research on social human-robot interactions are discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/s12369-013-0198-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE Computer Society  

In this paper, we discussed an autonomous android robot that is recognized as a social entity by observers in the real world. We conducted field experiments to investigate what kind of function the android needs in order to be recognized as a social and humanlike entity by visitors. In the field experiment, the android made conversation with multiple visitors by using several touch displays. The result showed that the visitors evaluate the android as humanlike even though this interaction differs from normal human-human interaction. Moreover, the experiment suggested that the android has a social influence - Advertisement effect on visitors.

DOI： 10.1145/2559636.2559811

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

Due to human sensitivity for humanlike objects, designing human-like behavior for a robot that interacts with humans remains a central issue in the HRI field. This issue is formidable because human-likeness is an important factor for better interaction since it can easily convey negative impressions if the design is not perfect, as in the uncanny valley phenomena. This paper addresses this issue with a novel approach that utilizes implicit know-how for performing on stage and is dedicated to represent human beings. Contemporary colloquial theatre theory (CCTT), which is a method of directing plays, is appropriate for this purpose since its reality-oriented instructions are directly applicable for improving robot behavior. In this paper, we report case studies on performing a play involving both humans and a robot. The play in our study was evaluated in public performances in Japan. We report detailed analysis of comparable short plays on human-robot interaction or human-human-robot interaction. Our analysis implies that utterance and motion timings should be tuned depending on the situation. Future work will use a motion capture system to get more precise data and more useful knowledge.

DOI： 10.1109/ROMAN.2014.6926248

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.11509/isciesci.58.12_486

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This paper suggests an android system which can give a speech as a substitute for Prof. Ishiguro. Android&#039;s behavior is implemented by playing recorded motion and voice extracted from Prof. Ishiguro. The problem here is a lack of adaptability, the android behaves samely in any situations. It is a one of most important elements to behave adaptively to the situations. This paper focuses on gaze behavior. Stochastic gaze transition model and a model generating gaze from speech are considered.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, we proposed the design method for an autonomous android robot that is recognized as an intelligent and a social entity by observers in the real world. To create this kind of robot, we were focused on the situatedness where the android works. We have developed the autonomous android system which enable to interact with visitors based on the concept of situatedness. We conducted two field experiments. The result showed that the visitors evaluated the android has humanlike intelligence. Experiments&#039; results indicated that by making the intelligence definition for each specific situation and design the system based on it, the android might have potential to be recognized as a social and intelligent entity.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)   Publisher：IGI Global  

In this chapter, the authors describe two human-like android robots, known as Geminoid and Telenoid, which they have developed. Geminoid was developed for two reasons: (1) to explore how humans react or respond the android during face-to-face communication and (2) to investigate the advantages of the android as a communication medium compared to traditional communication media, such as the telephone or the television conference system. The authors conducted two experiments: the first was targeted to an interlocutor of Geminoid, and the second was targeted to an operator of it. The results of these experiments showed that Geminoid could emulate a human's presence in a natural-conversation situation. Additionally, Geminoid could be as persuasive to the interlocutor as a human. The operators of Geminoid were also influenced by the android: during operation, they felt as if their bodies were one and the same with the Geminoid body. The latest challenge has been to develop Telenoid, an android with a more abstract appearance than Geminoid, which looks and behaves as a minimalistic human. At first glance, Telenoid resembles a human
however, its appearance can be interpreted as any sex or any age. Two field experiments were conducted with Telenoid. The results of these experiments showed that Telenoid could be an acceptable communication medium for both young and elderly people. In particular, physical interaction, such as a hug, positively affected the experience of communicating with Telenoid.

DOI： 10.4018/978-1-4666-4607-0.ch064

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD  

Our research focuses on the social aspects of teleoperated androids as new media for human relationships and explores how they can contribute and encourage people to associate with others. We introduced Telenoid, a teleoperated android with a minimalistic human design, to elementary school classrooms to see how children respond to it. We found that Telenoid encourages children to work cooperatively and facilitates communication with senior citizens with dementia. Children differentiated their roles spontaneously and cooperatively participated in group work. In another class, we applied Telenoid to remote communication between schoolchildren and assisted living residents. The children felt relaxed about continuing their conversations with the elderly and positively participated in them. The results suggest that limited functionality may facilitate cooperation among participants, and varied embodiments may promote the learning process of the association with others, even those who are unfamiliar. We propose a teleoperated android as an educational tool to promote socialization.

DOI： 10.1142/S0219843613500072

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

This paper outlines our ongoing project, which aims to investigate the effects of robot embodiment and operator modality on an operator's task efficiency and concomitant level of copresence in remote social interaction. After a brief introduction to related work has been given, five research questions are presented. We discuss how these relate to our choice of the two robotic embodiments "DARYL" and "Geminoid F" and the two operator modalities "console interface" and "head-mounted display". Finally, we postulate that the usefulness of one operator modality over the other will depend on the type of situation an operator has to deal with. This hypothesis is currently being investigated empirically using DARYL at Freiburg University.

DOI： 10.1109/HRI.2013.6483510

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In a field experiment with N = 75 participants, the android telecommunication robot Telenoid was introduced in three different ways: participants either read a short story presenting the Telenoid as character, a non-narrative information leaflet about it, or they received no preliminary introduction at all before interacting with the robot. Perceived usefulness and behavioral intentions to adopt the robot were significantly higher in the story condition than in both other conditions. In line with the Technology Acceptance Model, reported usefulness additionally served as a mediator between treatment and adoption intention. This study is the first to apply findings from Narrative Persuasion to HRI and can prompt further discussion about stories as means to increase user acceptance of new robotic agents.

DOI： 10.1109/HRI.2013.6483567

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Teleoperators of android robots occasionally feel as if the robotic bodies are extensions of their own. When others touch the teleoperated android, even without tactile feedback, some operators feel as if they themselves have been touched. In the past, a similar phenomenon named "Rubber Hand Illusion" has been studied for its reflection of a three-way interaction among vision, touch and proprioception. In this study, we examined whether a similar interaction occurs when replacing a tactile sensation with android robot teleoperation
that is, whether the interaction among vision, motion and proprioception occurs. The result showed that when the operator and the android motions are synchronized, operators feel as if their sense of body ownership is transferred to the android robot. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-642-34103-8_40

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

We previously investigated body ownership transfer to a teleoperated android body caused by motion synchronization between the robot and its operator. Although visual feedback is the only information provided from the robot, due to body ownership transfer, some operators feel as if they were touched when the robot's body was touched. This illusion can help operators transfer their presence to the robotic body during teleoperation. By enhancing this phenomenon, we can improve our communication interface and the quality of the interaction between operator and interlocutor. In this paper, we examined how the change in the operator's perspective affects the body ownership transfer during teleoperation. Based on past studies on the rubber hand illusion, we hypothesized that the perspective change will suppress the body owner transfer. Our results, however, showed that in any perspective condition, the participants felt the body ownership transfer. This shows that its generation process may differ in the body ownership transfer for teleoperated androids and the rubber hand illusion. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343891

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this study, we examine the factors with which robots are recognized as social beings. Participants joined sessions of the Ultimatum Game, a procedure commonly used for examining attitudes toward others in the fields of economics and social psychology. Several agents differing in their appearances are tested with speech stimuli that are expected to induce a mentalizing effect toward the agents. As a result, we found that while appearance itself did not show significant difference in the attitudes, the mentalizing stimuli affected the attitudes in different ways depending on robots' appearances. This results showed that such elements as simple conversation with the agents and their appearance are important factors so that robots are treated more humanlike and as social beings. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343851

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

It needs to be investigated how humanoid robots may affect people in the real world when they are employed to express the presence, a feel of being there, in tele-communication. We brought Telenoid, a tele-operated humanoid robot, into a classroom at an elementary school to see how schoolchildren respond to it. Our study is exploratory and we focused on the social aspects that might facilitate communication between schoolchildren. We found that Telenoid affected the way children work as group. They participated in the group work more positively, became more spontaneous, and differentiated their roles. We observed that Telenoid's limited capability led them to change their attitudes so that they could work together. The result suggests that the limited functionality may facilitate cooperation among participants in classroom setting. © 2012 ACM.

DOI： 10.1145/2212776.2212814

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Teleoperated androids, which are robots with humanlike appearances, are being produced as new media of human relationships. We explored the potential of humanoid robots and how they affect people in the real world when they are employed to express a telecommunication presence and a sense of being there. We introduced Telenoid, a teleoperated android, to a residential care facility to see how the elderly with dementia respond to it. Our exploratory study focused on the social aspects that might facilitate communication between the elderly and Telenoid's operator. Telenoid elicited positive images and interactive reactions from the elderly with mild dementia, even from those with severe cognitive impairment. They showed strong attachment to its child-like huggable design and became willing to converse with it. Our result suggests that an affectionate bond may be formed between the elderly and the android to provide the operator with easy communication to elicit responses from senior citizens. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343890

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In recent years, research has increased on very human-like androids, generally investigating the following: (1) how people treat such very human-like androids and (2) whether it is possible to replace such existing communication media as telephones or TV conference systems with androids as a communication medium. We found that androids have advantages over humans in specific contexts. For example, in a collaboration theatrical project between artists and androids, audiences were impressed by the androids that read poetry. We, therefore, experimentally compared androids and humans in a poetry-reciting context by conducting an experiment to illustrate the influence of an android who recited poetry. Participants listened to poetry that was read by three poetry-reciting agents: the android, the human model on which the android was based, and a box. The experiment results showed that the enjoyment of the poetry gained the highest score under the android condition, indicating that the android has an advantage for communicating the meaning of poetry. © 2012 IEEE.

DOI： 10.1109/ROMAN.2012.6343811

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Fuji Technology Press  

This paper describes two field tests conducted with shopping mall visitors and with aged persons defined as in their 70s to 90s. For both of the field tests, we used an android we developed called Telenoid R1 or just Telenoid. In the following field tests we interviewed participants about their impressions of the Telenoid. The results of the shopping mall showed that almost half of the interviewees felt negative toward Telenoid until they hugged it, after which opinions became positive. Results of the other test showed that the majority of aged persons reported a positive opinion and, interestingly, all aged persons who interacted with Telenoid gave it a hug without any suggestion to do so. This suggests that older persons find Telenoid to be acceptable medium for the elderly. Younger persons may also find Telenoid acceptable, seeing that visitors developed positive feelings toward the robot after giving it a hug. These results should prove valuable in our future work with androids.

DOI： 10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0592

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this research, a new system of telecommunication called "Telenoid" is presented which focuses on the idea of transferring human's "presence". Telenoid was developed to appear and behave as a minimal design of human features. (Fig. 2(A)) A minimal human conveys the impression of human existence at first glance, but it doesn't suggest anything about personal features such as being male or female, old or young. Previously an android with more realistic features called Geminoid was proposed. However, because of its unique appearance, which is the copy of a model, it is too difficult to imagine other people's presence through Geminoid while they are operating it. On the other hand, Telenoid is designed as it holds an anonymous identity, which allows people to communicate with their acquaintances far away regardless of their gender and age. We expect that the Telenoid can be used as a medium that transfers human's presence by its minimal feature design.

DOI： 10.1145/2048259.2048274

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

近年,見かけが人間に酷似したロボット,アンドロイドの研究がおこなわれている.一方で,視線,とりわけ相手と目を合わせるという動作(アイコンタクト)は,我々の社会生活にとって重要な役割を果たしている.近年の研究から,ロボットや対話メディアとのとのコミュニケーションにおいても視線の重要性が報告されており,目を合わせる機能の必要性が増えつつある.しかし,視線知覚そのものに関する実験的な研究はそれほど多くはないため,人と目が合うための条件や,条件に影響を与える要因が明らかではない.そこで,人と目を合わせる機能が最も必要とされるアンドロイドや他の対話メディアを用いて,人と目が合うための条件を検証する実験をおこなった.実験により,人と目が合うための条件に影響を与える要因を特定する.人と目が合うための条件に影響を与える要因として,目の形状や対象の見た目,視線の動き方が影響することが明らかになった.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

It is known that teleoperators of android robots occasionally experience bodily image extension. Even though only visual feedback is provided, when others touch at the robotic body, the operator feels as if s/he had been touched. A similar phenomenon named &quot;Rubber Hand Illusion&quot; is known which is said to reflect a three-way interaction among vision, touch and proprioception. In this research, we examined whether similar interaction occurs when replacing tactile sensation with synchronization of operating an android robot. The result showed that as the degree of synchronization raise, the participants began feeling the robotic body as part of their own body.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, we describe the ITACO system that is able to built an emotional relationship between human and interactive system by migratable agent. The agent in an ITACO system is able to migrate into interactive system within an environment. We carried out the two psychological experiments to verify whether an ITACO system is able to built an emotional relationship between human and interactive system such as robot and table lamp. As the results of experiments, we could show that emotional relationship gave an influence to human&#039;s behavior and cognitive abilities.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this paper, we discuss a methodology of interaction design investigating factors regarding relation between humans and artifacts. Concretely, we introduce the results of our researches, i.e., ITACO system using an agent migration mechanism, Embodied Communication emerging from cooperative gesture, Sociality of Robots based on the balance theory, and RobotMeme applied mutual adaptation between human and robot. We will bring the problems of interaction design through this survey of our researches into relief.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：IEEE  

In this paper we describe an ITACO system that is able to construct an emotional relationship between humans and interactive systems by a migratable agent. The agent in the ITACO system can migrate between interactive systems within an environment. We conducted psychological experiments to verify whether the ITACO system can construct an emotional relationship between humans and interactive systems such as a robot and a table lamp. The experimental results show that emotional relationships were constructed between humans and interactive systems. Thus emotional relationships gave an influence to human's behavior and cognitive abilities.

DOI： 10.1109/ROMAN.2008.4600640

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

本研究の目的は我々が提案しているITACOシステムを用いて、見た目を変化させるエージェントを人間がどのように認知するかに関して検証することである。特に本稿では、エージェントの姿が見えない場合、人間との対話にどのような影響があるかを検証した。

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)   Publisher：SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN  

Our purpose in this paper is realizing a natural interaction between humans and artifacts by an ITACO system. The ITACO System is able to construct a relationship between humans and artifacts by a migratable agent. The agent in the ITACO system can migrate to various artifacts within an environment to construct a relationship with humans. We conducted the two experiments to confirm effects for human by a relationship that was constructed between humans and artifacts. The experimental results showed that a relationship gave some influences to human's behaviors and cognitive abilities. The results also showed that the ITACO system and the migratable agent were an effective method to realize a natural interaction between them.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-540-85483-8_31

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：システム制御情報学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers  

DOI： 10.11509/isciesci.58.12_486

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

This paper suggests an android system which can give a speech as a substitute for Prof. Ishiguro. Android&#039;s behavior is implemented by playing recorded motion and voice extracted from Prof. Ishiguro. The problem here is a lack of adaptability, the android behaves samely in any situations. It is a one of most important elements to behave adaptively to the situations. This paper focuses on gaze behavior. Stochastic gaze transition model and a model generating gaze from speech are considered.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

In this paper, we proposed the design method for an autonomous android robot that is recognized as an intelligent and a social entity by observers in the real world. To create this kind of robot, we were focused on the situatedness where the android works. We have developed the autonomous android system which enable to interact with visitors based on the concept of situatedness. We conducted two field experiments. The result showed that the visitors evaluated the android has humanlike intelligence. Experiments&#039; results indicated that by making the intelligence definition for each specific situation and design the system based on it, the android might have potential to be recognized as a social and intelligent entity.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：ヒューマンインタフェース学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：人工知能学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

近年,見かけが人間に酷似したロボット,アンドロイドの研究がおこなわれている.一方で,視線,とりわけ相手と目を合わせるという動作(アイコンタクト)は,我々の社会生活にとって重要な役割を果たしている.近年の研究から,ロボットや対話メディアとのとのコミュニケーションにおいても視線の重要性が報告されており,目を合わせる機能の必要性が増えつつある.しかし,視線知覚そのものに関する実験的な研究はそれほど多くはないため,人と目が合うための条件や,条件に影響を与える要因が明らかではない.そこで,人と目を合わせる機能が最も必要とされるアンドロイドや他の対話メディアを用いて,人と目が合うための条件を検証する実験をおこなった.実験により,人と目が合うための条件に影響を与える要因を特定する.人と目が合うための条件に影響を与える要因として,目の形状や対象の見た目,視線の動き方が影響することが明らかになった.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers  

It is known that teleoperators of android robots occasionally experience bodily image extension. Even though only visual feedback is provided, when others touch at the robotic body, the operator feels as if s/he had been touched. A similar phenomenon named &quot;Rubber Hand Illusion&quot; is known which is said to reflect a three-way interaction among vision, touch and proprioception. In this research, we examined whether similar interaction occurs when replacing tactile sensation with synchronization of operating an android robot. The result showed that as the degree of synchronization raise, the participants began feeling the robotic body as part of their own body.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：ヒュ-マンインタフェ-ス学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

In this paper, we describe the ITACO system that is able to built an emotional relationship between human and interactive system by migratable agent. The agent in an ITACO system is able to migrate into interactive system within an environment. We carried out the two psychological experiments to verify whether an ITACO system is able to built an emotional relationship between human and interactive system such as robot and table lamp. As the results of experiments, we could show that emotional relationship gave an influence to human&#039;s behavior and cognitive abilities.

researchmap

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Information Processing Society of Japan (IPSJ)  

In this paper, we discuss a methodology of interaction design investigating factors regarding relation between humans and artifacts. Concretely, we introduce the results of our researches, i.e., ITACO system using an agent migration mechanism, Embodied Communication emerging from cooperative gesture, Sociality of Robots based on the balance theory, and RobotMeme applied mutual adaptation between human and robot. We will bring the problems of interaction design through this survey of our researches into relief.

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：社団法人 人工知能学会  

本研究の目的は我々が提案しているITACOシステムを用いて、見た目を変化させるエージェントを人間がどのように認知するかに関して検証することである。特に本稿では、エージェントの姿が見えない場合、人間との対話にどのような影響があるかを検証した。

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：人工知能学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：人工知能学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：社団法人 人工知能学会  

２者対話における身体動作に含まれる両者の関係性を考慮した，新しいインタラクティブシステムのデザイン手法を提案する．本稿では，そのための基礎実験を実施し，その妥当性を検証した．

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：人工知能学会  

DOI： 10.11517/pjsai.JSAI05.0.218.0

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