Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-023-06308-9

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Scopus

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-023-06308-9/fulltext.html

Language：Japanese  

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-022-05675-z

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Ecological Indicators  

The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Endl. fine root shedding and the morphological traits of the resulting root litter. We developed a method for direct monthly sampling of root litter from the fine root system in the field. We proposed a field incubation method using centrifuge tubes with glass beads as the medium and throughfall as the nutrient solution, in which an undamaged sample of the fine root system still connected to the tree is inserted. Using this method, we collected root litter from C. obtusa for 12 months after the installation. The monthly amounts of the root litter of from the incubated fine root systems differed significantly among the sampling months. On the other hand, the morphological traits such as the root litter length and diameter of each branch order did not differ significantly among months. The first-order root litter was shorter than the incubated living first-order roots. The first-order roots were shed both at the branching positions and in the middle of first-order roots. We concluded that fine root litter with similar morphology is shed every month. Assessment of the fine root litter traits by using the new direct sampling method and the new soil ecological indicator “initial tissue C inputs” from fine roots into forest soil will improve our understanding of forest belowground carbon cycling and its indexation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109276

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Forests  

Tree resistance to uprooting can be estimated as the critical turning moment in tree-pulling experiments. The depth at the center point of rotation (Dcp) in tree-pulling experiments is measured as an indicator of below-ground traits and is related to this critical turning moment. However, few researchers have investigated the relationship between the Dcp and maximum root depth. Our objective in this study was to clarify whether the Dcp in tree-pulling experiments can be estimated as the maximum root depth of Pinus thunbergii Parl. in sandy soils. We also estimated which position of displacement of the center of rotation (Cp) can be applied as the Dcp. We conducted tree-pulling experiments, and compared the Dcp obtained from images with the measured maximum root depth. We found significant positive correlations between the Dcp and maximum root depth. The Cp displacement concentrated immediately below the stem when the maximum critical turning moment was reached. This position should be measured as the Dcp, which is related to the maximum root depth. We found that the Dcp can serve as a parameter, preventing the need for uprooting, when tree-pulling experiments are performed to obtain an important below-ground trait for understanding the critical turning moment.

DOI： 10.3390/f13091506

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Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Forest Research  

Archaea live in extreme environments and have been found in non-extreme environments in recent years. Although most studies have focused on the nitrification function of archaea in forest soils, few studies have focused on how archaea in rhizospheres are involved in nutrient absorption. To elucidate the archaeal community pattern inhabiting the fine roots of trees, we examined the taxonomic identity and community structure of archaea in Japanese cedars (Cryptomeria japonica). Root samples were collected from six C. japonica plantations in central Japan. DNA was separately extracted from the first- and third-order roots, and archaeal taxa were determined by the cloning method focusing on 16S rDNA. As a result, 90% of the sequences were classified as in the phylum Thaumarchaeota, with 1.1b and 1.1c groups in the phylum accounting for 65% and 25%, respectively. Archaeal community structures were significantly correlated with soil pH, but neither the root orders nor the plantation sites showed significant clustering. These results suggest that Thaumarchaeota is the dominant archaeal group in the fine roots of C. japonica, and community structures are affected by a proximate chemical factor of soil acidity.

DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2022.2108657

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Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Forest Environment  

DOI： 10.18922/jjfe.64.1_39

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Plant and Soil  

Purpose: Clarification of root architecture is important for understanding tree root functions. 3D laser scanning reconstructs the 3D structure of root system with high accuracy, but the devices are large and expensive. The Structure-from-Motion with multi-view stereo-photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) method reconstructs the 3D structure of an object from multiple images. This method is suitable for field research because it acquires the 3D data with a commercially available digital camera. Our aim in this study was to test the applicability of the SfM-MVS method for morphological measurement of tree root systems. Methods: The 3D root system model was created using a dummy and three black pine (Pinus thunbergii) root systems. Image data were collected from the root systems using a camera and reconstructed using the free software, VisualSfM and MeshLab. We evaluated the accuracy of morphological data estimated from the 3D models by comparing them with real data obtained from manual measurements of the root systems. Results: The 3D reconstructions of the dummy and black pine root systems were successful. The root mean squared error values for the morphological features in the pine root systems ranged from 4 to 24%, which was sufficiently accurate for a successful 3D model. However, the RMSE values were larger than that of dummy root, ranging from 2 to 9%. Conclusion: The SfM-MVS method is a new tool, based on non-specialised equipment and free software, to obtain the 3D structure of tree root systems. The morphological features of it can be successfully measured from the reconstructed models.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-022-05448-8

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115544

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Scopus

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Aim Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used for estimating root biomass, estimating pull-out resistance force of roots, and reconstructing root system architecture. Although GPR can estimate the diameter of a single root, it has not yet been verified whether it can successfully estimate the diameters of adjacent roots or whether rock fragments occurring in the soil matrix can be misidentified as roots. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the visual properties of GPR images of root bundles and rock fragments, and (2) clarify whether they have the potential to create non-negligible errors in GPR surveys. Methods Root bundle samples buried in a sandy soil bed were scanned using 900 MHz and 1500 MHz antennas. Sole roots of Cryptomeria japonica and rock fragments in the bed were also scanned. Results A bundle of root formed one hyperbola with an apex in the radar profile, like a sole root. However, the contrast of the hyperbolas was weak and GPR indices relating to diameter were reduced compared to those of the comparably sized sole root. Stones did not form clear images, but boulders were faintly visible with non-negligible GPR indices. Conclusions For evaluation of root biomass, adjacent roots had the potential to lead to significant errors. Similarly, in reconstructions of root system architecture, adjacent roots might lead to incorrect modelling of root point connections, because of incorrect diameters. For pull-out resistance force, adjacent roots could lead to only underestimation, i.e., safe-side error. Misidentification of rock fragments as roots depends on their sizes.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-021-05116-3

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Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are intimately associated with fine roots and are involved in nutrient acquisition. However, little information is available on the links between roots of individual orders and fungus colonization and community structure. Our aim was to elucidate AM fungal communities in the fine root systems of the temperate coniferous tree species, Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae). Methods We characterized the morphological traits of AM fungi microscopically and determined the community structure of AM fungi using metabarcoding with an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) focusing on lower-order roots from first to third order roots. Results Paris-type and Arum-type AM morphologies were both generally more prevalent on first-order roots than on second- or third-order roots, but the colonization rates by the Paris type were higher than those by the Arum type. We found a total of 48 fungal operational taxonomic units dominated by Glomeraceae, and all the AM taxa detected on third order roots were also found on first and/or second order roots. In the case of the second and third orders, AM fungal communities were affected by soil conditions: electrical conductivity, pH, and N concentration. Conclusion These results suggest that the abundance and species richness of AM fungi vary among lower root order systems, and that the AM community is sensitive to soil conditions and turns over as roots age.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-021-05147-w

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Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japanese Society for Root Research  

<p>On the night of July 11, 2020, the giant <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> tree collapsed during the heavy rainfall event in Okute Town, Gifu. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the root system of the fallen tree together with the weather conditions such as heavy rainfall at the time. In July 2020, there were few sunshine hours which could induce higher water contents of the tree and soils. A large area of decay was observed in the root system close to the center of the stem and roots remaining in the soil showed signs of stripping. Using a laser scanner, the three-dimensional structure of the tree was digitally reproduced, and the volume of root system was estimated to be 43.2 m³. The diameter of the root-soil plate and the volume ratio to the aboveground part suggested that the root system of the tree was relatively small compared with those of other <i>C. japonica</i> trees. Based on the evaluation of the root system and weather conditions, the soil reinforcement by roots could be reduced due to decay during the long-term growth periods, and the balance between the above- and below-ground parts of the tree might be disrupted by the increase in the water contents of the tree and soils caused by prolonged rainfall and lack of sunlight.</p>

DOI： 10.3117/rootres.30.65

CiNii Research

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MDPI  

Three-dimensional (3D) root system architecture (RSA) is a predominant factor in anchorage failure in trees. Only a few studies have used 3D laser scanners to evaluate RSA, but they do not check the accuracy of measurements. 3D laser scanners can quickly obtain RSA data, but the data are collected as a point cloud with a large number of points representing surfaces. The point cloud data must be converted into a set of interconnected axes and segments to compute the root system traits. The purposes of this study were: (i) to propose a new method for easily obtaining root point data as 3D coordinates and root diameters from point cloud data acquired by 3D laser scanner measurement; and (ii) to compare the accuracy of the data from main roots with intensive manual measurement. We scanned the excavated root systems of two Pinus thunbergii Parl. trees using a 3D laser scanner and neuTube software, which was developed for reconstructing the neuronal structure, to convert the point cloud data into root point data for reconstructing RSA. The reconstruction and traits of the RSA calculated from point cloud data were similar in accuracy to intensive manual measurements. Roots larger than 7 mm in diameter were accurately measured by the 3D laser scanner measurement. In the proposed method, the root point data were connected as a frustum of cones, so the reconstructed RSAs were simpler than the 3D root surfaces. However, the frustum of cones still showed the main coarse root segments correctly. We concluded that the proposed method could be applied to reconstruct the RSA and calculate traits using point cloud data of the root system, on the condition that it was possible to model both the stump and ovality of root sections.

DOI： 10.3390/f12081117

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Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

Regeneration by sprouting in secondary forests is a necessary technique not only for the utilization of forest resources, but also for maintaining forest health by regrowth and avoiding slope instability caused by over-sized aboveground biomass. The strength of soil reinforcement by roots generally decreases during the tree death process in deforestation, such as clear-cutting, whereas root system strength temporarily decreases in trees that regenerate sprouting after cutting. However, quantitative evaluation of decreasing soil reinforcement by roots and slope stability has not been conducted during regeneration. In this study, we evaluated changes in the number of roots and root distribution up to 3 years after cutting in the regeneration process of Quercus serrata, a major dominant species of secondary forests in warm and cool temperate zones in Japan. We also estimated soil reinforcement by roots: additional cohesion from roots using the root bundle model, and slope stability based on a factor of safety by dividing the effect of the tree root system into vertical and horizontal cohesion with soil physical properties. After cutting at the height of approximately 0.2 m, the aboveground sprouting branches immediately regenerated, whereas the belowground root system gradually decayed. The additional cohesion from roots in trees before cutting was calculated as 34.6 kPa, whereas it decreased significantly to 21.7 kPa in living stumps 3 years after cutting. The value for the factor of safety with a saturated soil thickness of 0.7 m was calculated as 1.20 in soil under trees before cutting, whereas it decreased significantly to 1.11 in soil under living stumps in the 3 years after cutting. The safety factor?s value to 0.99 in soil under dead stumps, which did not regenerate sprouts within 3 years after cutting. We concluded that the probability of slope failure was significantly greater in the dead stumps than in the living stumps and could vary depending on the dynamics of above and below-ground parts, including fine roots.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106169

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Key message Tree roots hold soil that is dramatically heavier than the tree biomass, wet or dried. This soil might compensate for the imbalance between above- and belowground mass. Root-soil plates are recognized to play an important role in root anchorage of plate-like root system, however, actual measurements of their mass have rarely been reported. Even though the root-soil plate mass is often estimated using aboveground allometric indices, no research confirms the validity. Seven root-soil plates of Cryptomeria japonica fallen by Typhoon Jebi were divided into roots and soil, and their weights were directly measured. Mass of the seven plates ranged from 251 to 3070 kg on a dry basis. Roots accounted for 8% of total plate mass and soil for 92%. The mass of the soil held in the plates was 2.8 times greater than tree biomass. The root-to-shoot biomass ratio was 0.26, whereas the ratio of root-soil plate mass to shoot biomass was 3.9, meaning that the root-soil plate mass was much greater than aboveground biomass. These results suggest that the soil mass held in the plate is the main component of whole-tree mass including the plate. The root system holds soil weighing as much as 13 times the root system's mass. The soil might balance the aboveground weight of the tree by adding mass. Aboveground allometric indices are good indicators of root-soil plate mass and allow the belowground mass to be estimated to understand tree anchorage without soil disturbance.

DOI： 10.1007/s00468-020-02054-y

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：農学生命科学研究支援機構  

CiNii Books

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD  

The effect of biotic factors impacted by abiotic conditions on nematode communities is not fully understood in forest ecosystems. Monoculture forests with low understory diversity would provide an ideal model system to investigate the relationship between nematode community structure and environmental factors in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to clarify the determinant environmental factors shaping community structures of soil nematodes in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests. Nematodes collected from litter and soil samples were morphologically identified at the family or genus level and divided into trophic groups. Nematodes were discriminated into a total of 40 (including 2 unique taxa) and 52 (including 14 unique taxa) taxa in litter and soil samples, respectively. Variation in microhabitat substrates created contrasting nematode assemblages between litter and soil samples. Moreover, nematodes identified from litter habitats were a subset of those from soil samples. Bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes were present in high proportions in both sample types. Herbivorous nematodes were the third most abundant trophic group in soil samples, but were rare in litter samples. The nematode community structure in soils was significantly ordinated by water, C, N, hyphae, and soil pH. The pH is most likely to affect ecological function of soil nematodes indirectly by altering microbial biomass. Our results showed that microhabitat substrates, that is, soil and litter, have a crucial effect on nematode assemblage patterns in temperate coniferous forests. Moreover, soil nematode assemblages were diversified due to the high spatial heterogeneity of proximate soil environments.

DOI： 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108044

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Aims The purpose of this study was to clarify how the morphological traits of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Endl. roots vary with soil acid buffering capacity (ABC), i.e., along a gradient in soil acidification. We used an order-based root classification system instead of a diameter-based root classification system, as the former relates better to root function. Methods We sampled 210 intact fine root systems up to the fourth order and measured the morphological traits of a total of 16,657 individual branch-order roots in three C. obtusa stands with high soil ABC and four stands with low soil ABC. Results We found significant differences in the morphological traits of the first- to fourth-order roots between the soil ABCs. In the low-ABC soils, the fine root systems consisted of more and thinner roots than in the high-ABC soils. The diameter of the second-order roots was positively correlated with the soil pH and the concentration of base cations, but negatively with soil aluminum. Conclusion Morphological traits of fine roots are sensitive indicators of soil acidification in C. obtusa forests.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-020-04561-w

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Scopus

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER  

Tree root diameter and root distribution are crucial factors for root reinforcement in forest soils and can be estimated using nondestructive ground-penetrating radar (GPR). However, no studies on estimating root reinforcement have been performed using GPR. The aim of this study was to evaluate root reinforcement using GPR in thinned and unthinned stands of Cryptomeria Japonica in Andisols. Roots in each stand were detected using a 900 MHz GPR and the diameter and horizontal distribution of roots were estimated. Roots were also excavated to compare their GPR estimates. The relationships between root diameter and tensile force were established through field pullout tests. Finally, root reinforcements in each stand were estimated using the recently proposed root bundle model (RBM). There were no significant differences in the diameter frequency distribution of roots estimated between thinned and unthinned stands, determined using either the GPR or excavation methods. The detection frequency of the number of roots > 5 mm in diameter using GPR was 27.2%, but it increased to 58.7% for roots > 10 mm. The waveform indexes, determined using the sum of time intervals between zero crossings (ET) of all reflection waveforms of GPR, had a significant linear relationship with the diameters of excavated roots, indicating that waveform index could be used to estimate root diameter using the GPR index in these stands. Furthermore, the relationship between the root tensile force (F) and- root diameter (d) was estimated as F = 15.69 d(1.75) (R-2 = 0.87). The root reinforcements at the center of gaps between individual trees were estimated to be 23.4-32.9 kPa in the thinned stand and 8.8-23.9 kPa in the unthinned stand using GPR. These values ranged from 31.9% to 170.7% of those obtained by using the excavation method. There were no significant differences in root reinforcement between thinned and unthinned stands, regardless of the method used. This study revealed that GPR, together with diameter-tensile force relationships, can nondestructively estimate root reinforcement in managed forests. This protocol can be applied to manage forests to evaluate the effects of management on belowground roots.

DOI： 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104227

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Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Aims This study assessed intraspecific variation in morphological traits of the fine root branch orders of Cryptomeria japonica, and identified variation in the diameter of the first three-order roots among species types with mycorrhiza, and the diameter of first-order roots at the family level. Methods Diameter, length, and specific root length of branch order roots (up to the fourth-order) were measured in intact fine root systems collected in four C. japonica stands. Relationships between soil chemical properties and morphological traits of the first- to fourth-order roots were investigated. The diameter of roots of 52 tree species reported in previous studies was compared at species types with mycorrhiza and at family level. Results The diameter of first-order roots in C. japonica varied by 1.2 times among stands. Negative correlations between soil NH4+ content and specific root length of the second- and third-order roots were observed in C. japonica. The diameter of first- and second-order roots forming arbuscular mycorrhiza in coniferous trees were significantly higher than those of roots forming ectomycorrhiza in coniferous and broadleaf trees. The diameter of first-order roots in Cupressaceae were significantly larger than those of Pinaceae, Sapindaceae, Betulaceae, and Fagaceae. Conclusions Clarifying intraspecific variation in morphological traits of C. japonica lower-order roots may contribute to understanding their responses to different site conditions such as soil inorganic nitrogen contents.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-019-04264-x

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Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003221

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Main conclusionWe developed simple algorithms for reconstructing tree root system architecture using only the root point coordinate and diameter, which can be systematically obtained without digging up the root systems.Root system architecture (RSA) is strongly related to various root functions of the tree. The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) RSA model using systematically obtained information on root locations and root diameters at the locations. We excavated root systems of Cryptomeria japonica and systematically obtained XYZ coordinates and root diameters using a 10-cm grid. We clarified the patterns of the root point connections and developed a reconstructed root system model. We found that the root diameters farther from the stump centre are smaller. Additionally, we found that the root lengths of the segments running between the base and the connected root point were smaller than those of other root segments, and the inner angle between the base and the stump and between the base and the connected root point was narrower than for the other pairs. The new RSA model developed according to these results had average accuracies of 0.64 and 0.80 for estimates of total volume and length, respectively. The developed model can estimate 3D RSA using only root point data, which can be obtained without digging up root systems. This suggests a wide applicability of this model in root function evaluation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00425-018-3011-x

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PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s10533-019-00540-1

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Other Link： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10533-019-00540-1.pdf

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The extent of damage to Pinus thunbergii trees in coastal forests resulting from the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 differed depending on the local environment. The height (H) of P. thunbergii was generally limited in stands closer to the coastline and these trees could fail due to the force of the tsunami. The resistance forces of coastal forests to tsunamis are expressed as critical turning moments and measured by tree pulling experiments. However, few studies have focused on the differences in the critical turning moment between stands with locally different environmental conditions among P. thunbergii coastal forests. We determined the differences in the critical turning moments of P. thunbergii in two contrasting sites having different distances from the coastline. We also estimated the tolerance of P. thunbergii in the two sites against loading from tsunami. Two experimental plots, sea-side and land-side, in a coastal P. thunbergii forest were established with different depths of the water table belowground and wind forces. In both plots, the aboveground traits, including the diameter at breast height (DBH), and H x DBH2 of P. thunbergii, were positively correlated with the critical turning moments. In particular, when P. thunbergil had the same H x DBH2 between the plots, there were no differences in the critical turning moments. This result suggested that P. thunbergii at the sea-side had acclimated for 50 years to their environment by changing shallow tap roots for shallower belowground water and developing horizontal roots for strong winds. The depth of the center point of rotation was significantly deeper and was positively correlated with moments in the land-side plot, suggesting changes from a tap root system to a plate root system in the sea-side plot with a shallower water table. The estimated loading from the tsunami with a 2 m wave height was over the critical turning moments for both plots. P. thunbergii trees at the sea-side plot could be more susceptible to overturning by lower-height waves than at the land-side plot because of differences in aboveground traits of H x DBH. We propose that the practical management of coastal forests is to create an embankment by raising the ground level to develop tree growth with capable of enhanced resilience to tsunamis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.040

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J-GLOBAL

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Brill  

<title>Summary</title>
We surveyed the distribution of nematodes in 56 cones of <italic>Pinus thunbergii</italic> collected from both live branches and on the forest floor in three coastal and inland habitats and in 11 cones of <italic>P. taeda</italic> collected at different heights. We identified 47 nematodes to family or genera by analysis of an 18S small subunit rRNA gene sequence. The frequencies of occurrence of free-living cone nematodes were 97% in coastal <italic>P. thunbergii</italic>, 92% in inland <italic>P. thunbergii</italic>, and 82% in <italic>P. taeda</italic>. Phylogenetic analysis assigned the nematodes to four clades with high bootstrap values. Nine sequences that were found only in cones on live branches were clustered with <italic>Panagrobelus stammeri</italic> and an unknown <italic>Panagrobelus</italic> sp. Our results imply that nematodes are commonly associated with cones in pine forest ecosystems and that a capacity for anhydrobiosis may be a key to surviving above-ground.

DOI： 10.1163/15685411-00003221

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Other Link： https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/nemy/21/4/article-p389_4.xml

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Key messageUse of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can non-destructively estimate diameter and distribution of coarse roots in Cryptomeria japonica in weathered granite soils under field conditions.AbstractGround-penetrating radar (GPR) has been used as an assessment tool for non-destructive detection of tree root biomass, but few studies have estimated root diameter under forest field conditions. The aim of this study was to clarify whether coarse root diameter of C. japonica in weathered granite soils can be estimated using GPR in a forest. Roots of mature C. japonica were scanned using a 900MHz GPR antenna before being excavated. The diameter and distribution of excavated roots were compared with those identified by GPR, and the relationships between the diameter and waveform indices in radar profiles were also examined. The detection frequency of the number of roots larger than 5mm in diameter was 47.7%. Limiting factors affecting root detection using GPR in forest field conditions were small root diameter, increasing root depth, and number of adjacent roots. Only one waveform index, using the sum of time intervals between zero crossings (sigma T, ns) of all reflection waveforms of GPR within the range from the first break time at the root top to the delay point time at the root bottom, had a significant relationship with excavated root diameters. A linear regression model was constructed to estimate root diameter using sigma T, and a significant positive relationship in diameter between GPR-estimated and excavated roots was confirmed. The results in this study indicate that the diameter and distribution of C. japonica coarse roots under forest field conditions could be estimated using GPR and this technique could contribute to future evaluation of slope stability by evaluating tree roots under vulnerable soils, such as weathered granite.

DOI： 10.1007/s00468-018-1741-9

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Soil nematodes are involved in nutrient cycles through feeding on microorganisms, and the extent of their functioning is affected by subtle environmental changes and by biological interactions. Considering these features, soil nematodes can serve as bio-indicators reflecting environmental changes in a given ecosystem. However, the mechanism of shaping community structures of nematodes is not well understood due to the complex biological interactions in forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to clarify the nematode communities and their determinant factors in both coastal and inland Pinus thunbergii forests of central Japan under contrasting environmental conditions. For this purpose, nematodes retrieved from soil samples were morphologically identified at generic levels and discriminated into trophic groups. We also determined whether nematode community structures varied with coastal or inland locations based on non-metric multidimensional scaling. Our results showed that generic richness of nematode at inland habitats (16.2 +/- 0.7, mean +/- SE) was significantly greater than that at coastal habitats (12.4 +/- 0.4). Moreover, the non-metric multidimensional scaling scatter-plot showed nematode communities clustered significantly within their respective coastal and inland habitats. These clusterings were further significantly influenced by surrounding environmental factors; soil water content, soil temperature, litter layer thickness, pH, total both N and C concentrations and C:N ratio. For characteristic trophic groups, microbial-feeding nematodes were represented in coastal forests while predaceous ones were dominated in inland forests. Our study provided fundamental knowledge on the formation of nematode community structures that were shaped by environmental filtering.

DOI： 10.1080/13416979.2018.1516920

Web of Science

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

© 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. Aims: The different root systems of Pinus thunbergii observed after the tsunami in 2011 were possibly influenced by different groundwater levels before the tsunami. The aims of this study were to quantify the tap and horizontal root structure and evaluate their relationship with the above-ground parts under different groundwater levels in a coastal P. thunbergii forest. Methods: Two plots, sea- and land-side, with different groundwater levels, in a P. thunbergii stand, were established, and the entire root-systems of three select trees each were harvested to evaluate the biomass, lengths, and cross-sectional areas of the tap and horizontal roots. Results: In the sea-side plot, which had a shallower groundwater level, plate root systems with thicker and longer horizontal roots, but fewer tap roots were observed, whereas tap root systems were well developed in the land-side plots, where the groundwater level was deeper. The root-to- shoot ratio was significantly higher in the sea-side plot than in the land-side plot. Conclusion: We confirmed that quantitative contrasting root systems of P. thunbergii develop under different groundwater levels and higher biomass allocation to horizontal roots occur under shallower groundwater depths, emphasizing the need for management practices that promote the development of tap root systems to enhance resistance to tsunamis.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-018-3630-9

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Scopus

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

Soils have an important role as a reservoir of essential elements for forest ecosystems. Although previous chronosequence studies have determined accumulation rates of several elements in soils, they have not focused on sulfur (S), a secondary macronutrient. We investigated S accumulation rates in five volcanic soils, dated by the use of tephras from the following volcanoes: Mt. Komagatake (tephra Ko-a, 1929 CE), Mt. Tarumae (tephra Ta-a, 1739 CE), Mt. Fuji (tephra F-Ho, 1707 CE), Towada caldera (tephra To-a, 915 CE), and Mt. Haruna (tephra Hr-FP520, 520 CE). The soils were sampled from A horizons formed above the tephra layer, and total S and pedogenic minerals (Ald, Fed, Alo, and Feo) were analyzed to determine the relationships between their estimated pools and soil age. The fractionation of S by oxidation state was determined by S K-edge XANES analysis in constituents of soils from Mt. Komagatake and Mt. Haruna. Our results showed that the S accumulation rate was almost constant over the last millennium. To extend our analysis to longer soil formation times, we extrapolated the S accumulation–age relationship to 10 cal. ka and compared the resulting values with previously reported S data from horizons that likely developed during that time period in soils from Mt. Nantai dated by tephra Nt-S (14–15 cal. ka). The similarity of the extrapolated values to the Nantai soil values suggests that the S accumulation rate may have been constant since 10 cal. ka. In addition, the growth of the S pool with soil age was linearly proportional to the growth of pedogenic mineral pools. Sulfur isotope composition of soil total S depended not on soil age, but rather on the soil origin as indicated by location. The predominant oxidation state of the S fraction changed from reduced to oxidized with soil age during the Holocene. These results suggest that the constant S accumulation rate may reflect the variable influence of exogenous S sources as well as the association of S compounds with pedogenic minerals. Sulfur compounds may accumulate at a constant rate in Japanese volcanic soils as the result of biological transformation followed by retention of S in association with the pedogenic minerals.

DOI： 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.023

Web of Science

Scopus

J-GLOBAL

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Fine root respiration (R (r) ) is closely linked with fine root morphology, especially with specific root length (SRL), in short-term measurements in some tree species. However, whether these relationships are also valid across different stands and seasons is not yet known. This study aimed to investigate these relationships in the fine roots of Chamaecyparis obtusa.The R (r) , mean root diameter, and SRL of fine root segments of two C. obtusa stands were determined every three months over two years.We detected significant positive correlations between R (r) and SRL of fine root segments across the stands over two years. The relationship of R (r) with SRL was stronger than that with the mean diameter of fine roots. The slopes and intercepts for the R (r) and SRL relationships did not differ among stands and measurement times. Further, we proposed a simple approach for estimating CO2 flux from fine roots at the stand level based on SRL and confirmed that the ranges of estimated CO2 values were comparable with those of values reported using the conventional approach.The fine root morphology typified by SRL is a key variable in R (r) of fine roots and CO2 flux at the stand level.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-017-3499-z

Web of Science

Scopus

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Calcium (Ca) is a key cation in the soil acidification process and in the fertility of forest soils. We investigated total concentrations of Ca, magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) in both soil and fresh leaf litter in eight plantation stands of Cryptomeria japonica divided into two groups of highly contrasting soil acid buffering capacity (ABC). In addition to conventional methods, we used a double-crystal high resolution X-ray fluorescence (HRXRF) spectrometer to determine Ca fractions in soils with low and high ABC. Total Ca had accumulated in the 0-10 cm depth horizons of the high-ABC soils, but not in the low-ABC soils. The exchangeable Ca concentration was correlated with total Ca concentration in the 0-10 cm depth of the low-ABC soils. Calcium-K alpha(1,2) emission spectra of the 0-10 cm soils obtained by HRXRF spectrometry separated the total Ca into two fractions, suggesting that the predominant Ca constituents had either passed through biological processes or were derived from weathering hydration in both the high- and low-ABC soils. Calcium concentration in the fresh leaf litter was significantly lower in the stands with low-ABC soil than in those with high-ABC soil and was positively correlated with soil exchangeable Ca concentration in the low-ABC stands; no such correlation was observed in the high-ABC stands. Exchangeable Ca pools in the 0-10 cm depth range were equal to or less than the annual input of Ca via leaf litterfall in the low-ABC stands, but were seven times the annual input in the high-ABC soils. These results suggested that the accumulation of Ca in the upper soil occurs via the process of Ca circulation within C. japonica ecosystems, and that sufficient supply of Ca for tree needs was accompanied by the large accumulation of available Ca by C. japonica in the high-ABC soils. Nevertheless, it is likely that only small amounts of Ca were circulated in the stands on low-ABC soil. The lack of Ca accumulation in the surface soil and the accompanying tight circulation of Ca in the plant-soil system may explain the observed positive feedback in which ABC is gradually reduced in low-ABC soils. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.04.022

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

We aimed to clarify the intraspecific variation in the morphological traits of branch orders under different soil conditions in Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl.
We investigated the morphological traits of branch orders, based on 16,351 individual roots that were dissected from 12 intact fine root systems, up to a diameter of 2 mm at three C. obtusa stands. We also measured the concentrations of soil carbon, nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen.
The intact fine root systems up to the diameter of 2 mm had branched into between five and seven orders. The diameter of first- to fourth-order roots and the lengths of second- and third-order roots were significantly different among the three stands. The morphological traits of lower order (first to third) roots correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations, but higher order (fourth to sixth) roots correlated with soil carbon concentrations.
We clarified the possible ranges of intraspecific variation in the morphological traits of root branch orders within C. obtusa. Both the lower and higher orders of the intact fine root systems were tightly related to the surrounding soil conditions.

DOI： 10.1007/s11104-017-3230-0

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

Several recent studies have used the net sheet method to estimate fine root production rates in forest ecosystems, wherein net sheets are inserted into the soil and fine roots growing through them are observed. Although this method has advantages in terms of its easy handling and low cost, there are uncertainties in the estimates per unit soil volume or unit stand area, because the net sheet is a two-dimensional material. Therefore, this study aimed to establish calculation procedures for estimating fine root production rates from two-dimensional fine root data on net sheets. This study was conducted in a hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Endl.) stand in western Japan. We estimated fine root production rates in length and volume from the number (RN) and cross-sectional area (RCSA) densities, respectively, for fine roots crossing the net sheets, which were then converted to dry mass values. For these calculations, we used empirical regression equations or theoretical equations between the RN or RCSA densities on the vertical walls of soil pits and fine root densities in length or volume, respectively, in the soil, wherein the theoretical equations assumed random orientation of the growing fine roots. The estimates of mean fine root (diameter &lt;1 mm) production rates were similar to 80-100 gm(-2) year(-1) using the empirically obtained regression equations, whereas those from the theoretical equations were similar to 40-50 gm(-2) year(-1). The difference in the estimates was attributed to larger slope values of the empirical regression equations than those of the theoretical equations, suggesting that fine root orientation was not random in our study site. In light of these results, we concluded that fine root production rates were successfully estimated from two-dimensional fine root data on the net sheets using these calculation procedures, with the empirical regression equations reflecting fine root orientation in the study site.

DOI： 10.1093/treephys/tpx044

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Cryptomeria japonica, which is one of the main silvicultural species in Japan, accumulates calcium (Ca) in soils with high acid buffering capacity (ABC) but has depleted Ca in soils with low-ABC over the past two decades. However, the contribution of fine roots in C japonica to the accumulation or depletion of Ca in soils with different ABCs has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to clarify the responses of C. japonica fine roots in terms of biomass and morphology in eight plantation stands to soils with two contrasting ABCs, which have different trends of soil acidification. We evaluated the biomass and specific root length (SRL) of fine roots divided into three diameter classes (&lt;0.5, 0.5-1.0, and 1.0-2.0 mm), obtained from the organic layer and two mineral soil layers from 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths, in soils with high- and low-ABCs. We also investigated root traits of seedlings grown in soil monoliths in-situ in a greenhouse condition to compare the response of mature trees in stands. The biomass of fine roots (&lt;2.0 mm) in mature C japonica was significantly higher and the SRL was significantly lower in low ABC soils than in high-ABC soils. In the organic layer, the biomass of very fine roots (&lt;0.5 mm) at the organic soil layer in low ABC soils was higher than that in high ABC soils. However, the SRL and the dry weight of the seedlings in the greenhouse condition showed no differences between the soils with two contrasting ABCs. We concluded that fine roots of C japonica stands could have changed and contributed differently to soils with contrasting ABCs. The conflicting root responses of mature trees in stand and seedlings under controlled conditions suggest that careful caution should be taken to extrapolate in situ mature trees from the results of seedlings, particularly when evaluating the effects of soil degradation such as soil acidifications on sustainable C. japonica plantation forests. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.043

Web of Science

Scopus

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2931-0

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2024.2

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：京都   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：兵庫県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：兵庫県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：兵庫県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：兵庫県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：兵庫県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：兵庫県立大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：富山県   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：新潟コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：愛媛大学  

Event date： 2023.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2023.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：明治大学農学部   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Niigata   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Niigata   Country：Japan  

Other Link： https://www.acidrain2020.org/

Event date： 2023.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Niigata   Country：Japan  

Other Link： https://www.acidrain2020.org/

Event date： 2023.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Niigata   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鳥取   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2023.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：富山大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：三重大学生物資源学部   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：三重大学生物資源学部   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：三重大学生物資源学部   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：三重大学生物資源学部  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Venue：神戸ポートオアシス多目的ホール   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：神戸ポートオアシス多目的ホール   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：つくば国際会議場   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：九州大学農学部   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京農業大学世田谷キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2022.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2022.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Penn State University Park Campus   Country：United States  

Event date： 2022.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Penn State University Park Campus   Country：United States  

Event date： 2022.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Penn State University Park Campus   Country：United States  

Event date： 2022.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：千葉大学オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：千葉大学オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：千葉大学オンライン   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Venue：京都(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形(online)  

Event date： 2021.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋（online)  

Event date： 2021.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Korea(online)  

Event date： 2021.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2021.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：北海道（オンライン）  

Event date： 2021.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：北海道（オンライン）  

Event date： 2021.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：信大（オンライン）  

Event date： 2021.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：信大（オンライン）  

Event date： 2021.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：信大（オンライン）  

Event date： 2021.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2021

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2020.11

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2020.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2020.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2020.5

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2020.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2020

Event date： 2020

Event date： 2020

Event date： 2020

Event date： 2019.10

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：Mie   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2019.6 - 2019.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Mexico  

Event date： 2019

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Event date： 2019

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

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<p>[in Japanese]</p>

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<p>[in Japanese]</p>

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<p>[in Japanese]</p>

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<p>[in Japanese]</p>

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<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.132.0_604

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.128.0_617

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.128.0_337

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.130.0_805

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.131.0_338

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.130.0_801

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.130.0_468

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.131.0_436

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.130.0_140

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.133.0_481

CiNii Research

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.133.0_213

CiNii Research

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.133.0_211

CiNii Research

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

<p>[in Japanese]</p>

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.133.0_212

CiNii Research

Audience： College students,　Graduate students,　Teachers,　Researchesrs,　General,　Scientific,　Civic organization,　Governmental agency,　Media

Audience： College students,　Graduate students,　Teachers,　Researchesrs,　General,　Scientific,　Civic organization,　Governmental agency

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

Author：Other 

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Author：Other 

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