Faculty Profiles - NISHIGORI Hiroshi

Advancing the Japanese Medical Education Journal: Academic Evolution and the Significance of Submission Guideline Revisions

Takeda Yuko, Saiki Takuya, Shiibashi Michio, Nishigori Hiroshi, Kikukawa Makoto, Matsuyama Yasushi, Nakamura Mariko, Maeno Takami, Tsuchiya Shizuma, Imafuku Rintaro, Takamura Akiteru, Tsuruta Jun, Yagi Machiko, Miyachi Yuka, Obara Haruo, Nagasaki Kazuya, Nomura Osamu, Kataoka Yuki

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 56 ( 2 ) page： 87 - 98 2025.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japan Society for Medical Education

The role of academic journals evolves with the times. Academic publishing is diversifying, shifting from traditional paper-based formats to broader dissemination through open access. In response to these developments-and to contribute to ongoing progress in medical education-Medical Education (Japan) has undertaken a comprehensive revision of its submission guidelines. As of January 17, 2025, all submissions, peer reviews, and editorial processes are being conducted in accordance with the updated guidelines.
　The Editorial Board convened a round-table discussion to explore recent developments, beginning with the revision of the submission guidelines. This discussion elaborates on the journal's role and its relevance to the academic community, including society members, authors, and readers. It features statements from participating editorial committee members and highlights the key issues discussed, including the criteria each member uses to evaluate manuscripts. The aim is to offer insight into the journal's editorial stance and decision-making process.

DOI： 10.11307/mededjapan.56.2_87

Association between urinary cotinine level and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with uterine myoma: findings from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Kyozuka H., Omoto T., Murata T., Fukuda T., Okoshi C., Isogami H., Yasuda S., Sato A., Ogata Y., Hosoya M., Yasumura S., Hashimoto K., Fujimori K., Nishigori H., Katoh T., Ohga S., Suganuma N., Kageyama S., Shima M., Sobue T., Nakayama T., Inadera H., Yamagata Z., Ito S., Mori C., Yaegashi N., Kishi R., Ohya Y., Yamazaki S., Kamijima M.

Hypertension Research Vol. 48 ( 1 ) page： 102 - 109 2025.1

Publisher：Hypertension Research

The effect of smoking on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is a public concern. Recent evidence suggests that the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is influenced by the presence of uterine fibroids. We explored the association between maternal smoking exposure and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in relation to the presence of uterine fibroids using data from Japan’s largest birth cohort study. This study focused on first-time mothers, and the study population comprised 2752 and 35,294 first-time mothers with and without uterine fibroids, respectively. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was categorized as early-onset (before 34 weeks) and late-onset (after 34 weeks). Maternal smoking exposure was assessed by measuring the urinary cotinine concentration during the mid-trimester. Participants were classified into four quartiles based on their urinary cotinine levels as follows: Q1 (low concentration) to Q4 (high concentration). Multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders revealed that in women without uterine fibroids, the Q3 urinary cotinine level was associated with a modified risk of early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.89). Conversely, for women with uterine fibroids, Q4 urinary cotinine level was associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio: 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.72). In conclusion, this study indicated that the impact of maternal smoking exposure varied based on the presence of uterine fibroids, underscoring the importance of personalized preconception care. (Figure presented.)

DOI： 10.1038/s41440-024-01971-6

Association between daily breakfast habit during pregnancy and neurodevelopment in 3-year-old offspring: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Open Access

AI's Accuracy in Extracting Learning Experiences From Clinical Practice Logs: Observational Study Open Access

Kondo, T; Nishigori, H

JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION Vol. 11 page： e68697 2025

Language：English Publisher：Jmir Medical Education

Background: Improving the quality of education in clinical settings requires an understanding of learners’ experiences and learning processes. However, this is a significant burden on learners and educators. If learners’ learning records could be automatically analyzed and their experiences could be visualized, this would enable real-time tracking of their progress. Large language models (LLMs) may be useful for this purpose, although their accuracy has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: This study aimed to explore the accuracy of predicting the actual clinical experiences of medical students from their learning log data during clinical clerkship using LLMs. Methods: This study was conducted at the Nagoya University School of Medicine. Learning log data from medical students participating in a clinical clerkship from April 22, 2024, to May 24, 2024, were used. The Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education was used as a template to extract experiences. OpenAI’s ChatGPT was selected for this task after a comparison with other LLMs. Prompts were created using the learning log data and provided to ChatGPT to extract experiences, which were then listed. A web application using GPT-4-turbo was developed to automate this process. The accuracy of the extracted experiences was evaluated by comparing them with the corrected lists provided by the students. Results: A total of 20 sixth-year medical students participated in this study, resulting in 40 datasets. The overall Jaccard index was 0.59 (95% CI 0.46-0.71), and the Cohen κ was 0.65 (95% CI 0.53-0.76). Overall sensitivity was 62.39% (95% CI 49.96%-74.81%), and specificity was 99.34% (95% CI 98.77%-99.92%). Category-specific performance varied: symptoms showed a sensitivity of 45.43% (95% CI 25.12%-65.75%) and specificity of 98.75% (95% CI 97.31%-100%), examinations showed a sensitivity of 46.76% (95% CI 25.67%-67.86%) and specificity of 98.84% (95% CI 97.81%-99.87%), and procedures achieved a sensitivity of 56.36% (95% CI 37.64%-75.08%) and specificity of 98.92% (95% CI 96.67%-100%). The results suggest that GPT-4-turbo accurately identified many of the actual experiences but missed some because of insufficient detail or a lack of student records. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that LLMs such as GPT-4-turbo can predict clinical experiences from learning logs with high specificity but moderate sensitivity. Future improvements in AI models, providing feedback to medical students’ learning logs and combining them with other data sources such as electronic medical records, may enhance the accuracy. Using artificial intelligence to analyze learning logs for assessment could reduce the burden on learners and educators while improving the quality of educational assessments in medical education.

DOI： 10.2196/68697

Imaizumi K., Murata T., Isogami H., Fukuda T., Kyozuka H., Yasuda S., Yamaguchi A., Sato A., Ogata Y., Shinoki K., Hosoya M., Yasumura S., Hashimoto K., Fujimori K., Nishigori H., Kamijima M., Yamazaki S., Ohya Y., Kishi R., Yaegashi N., Mori C., Ito S., Yamagata Z., Inadera H., Nakayama T., Sobue T., Shima M., Nakamura H., Suganuma N., Kusuhara K., Katoh T.

Scientific Reports Vol. 14 ( 1 ) 2024.12

Publisher：Scientific Reports

The association between daily breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment remains unknown. We evaluated the association between breakfast habits during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. Data of 72,260 women with singleton deliveries at and after 37 weeks of gestation enrolled during 2011–2014 in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study were analysed. Offspring neurodevelopmental delays at 3 years of age were evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ-3). Participants were stratified by tertiles of maternal daily energy intake (DEI) (Groups 1, 2, and 3:< 1400, 1400–1799, and ≥ 1800 kcal, respectively) during pregnancy and by offspring sex. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for abnormality in communication among participants with daily breakfast consumption habit was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.96). A stratified analysis based on total DEI showed no significant differences in the neurodevelopment of Group 1 offspring. The aOR for abnormality in communication was 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.94) in Group 2. The aOR for abnormality in personal–social characteristics was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.99) in Group 3. Maternal daily breakfast habits are associated with offspring neurodevelopment at 3 years of age, with the association influenced by maternal DEI and offspring sex.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-55912-x

Medical education in Japan

錦織　宏　名古屋大学総合医学教育センター長・教授 Open Access

錦織宏

医学教育 Vol. 55 ( 5 ) page： 374 - 376 2024.10

Nishigori, H

MEDICAL TEACHER Vol. 46 ( sup1 ) page： S4 - S10 2024.6

Language：English Publisher：Medical Teacher

The Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education (MCC) currently, there are 82 medical schools in Japan. The combined enrollment capacity of medical schools nationwide stands at 9,217. Students are eligible to enter medical school upon graduation from senior high school. The standard undergraduate medical education curriculum in Japan spans six years. The Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education (MCC), developed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), serves as the guideline for all medical school curricula. The Common Achievement Tests Organization (CATO) conducts the Computer-Based Testing (CBT) and the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in all medical schools. The Japan Accreditation Council for Medical Education (JACME), formally recognized by the World Federation of Medical Education (WFME), is responsible for the accreditation of undergraduate medical education in Japan. The National Examination for Medical Practitioners, administered by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and held annually, is a paper-based examination in which examinees answer multiple-choice questions. After graduating from medical school and obtaining a medical license, individuals progress to a two-year basic postgraduate clinical training program. Upon completion, they advance to a three-to-five-year specialty training phase. The lifelong learning of physicians is overseen by the respective medical societies and the Japan Medical Association. Current issues facing medical education in Japan include bloated curricula, faculty members’ busy schedules and burdens, educational disparities and admission selection, and uneven distribution of specialties. The author believes that medical education should continue to evolve to reflect future changes in society.

DOI： 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2372108

Web of Science

Association of cesarean section and infectious outcomes among infants at 1 year of age: Logistic regression analysis using data of 104,065 records from the Japan Environment and Children's Study Open Access

PubMed

Maeda H., Hashimoto K., Iwasa H., Kyozuka H., Kume Y., Go H., Sato A., Ogata Y., Murata T., Fujimori K., Shinoki K., Nishigori H., Yasumura S., Hosoya M., Kamijima M., Yamazaki S., Ohya Y., Kishi R., Yaegashi N., Mori C., Ito S., Yamagata Z., Inadera H., Nakayama T., Iso H., Shima M., Kurozawa Y., Suganuma N., Kusuhara K., Katoh T.

PLoS ONE Vol. 19 ( 2 February ) 2024.2

Publisher：PLoS ONE

Background There has been a recent decrease in the prevalence of infectious diseases in children worldwide due to the usage of vaccines. However, the association between cesarean delivery and infectious diseases remains unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the association between cesarean delivery and the development of infectious diseases. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study. We used data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which is a prospective, nationwide, government-funded birth cohort study. The data of 104,065 records were included. Information about the mode of delivery, central nervous system infection (CNSI), otitis media (OM), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), gastrointestinal infection (GI), and urinary tract infection (UTI) was obtained from questionnaires and medical records transcripts. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between cesarean delivery and CNSI, OM, URTI, LRTI, GI, and UTI risk. Results We included a total of 74,477 subjects in this study, of which 18.4% underwent cesarean deliveries. After adjusting for the perinatal, socioeconomic, and postnatal confounding factors, children born by cesarean delivery did not have an increased risk of developing CNSI (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-1.35), OM (95% CI 0.99-1.12), URTI (95% CI 0.97-1.06), LRTI (95% CI 0.98-1.15), GI (95% CI 0.98-1.11), or UTI (95% CI 0.95-1.45). Conclusions This nationwide cohort study did not find an association between cesarean delivery and CNSI, OM, URTI, LRTI, GI, and UTI. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the role of cesarean delivery in the development of infectious diseases. Copyright:

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0298950

Prenatal folic acid supplement/dietary folate and cognitive development in 4-year-old offspring from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Open Access

Nishigori H., Nishigori T., Obara T., Suzuki T., Mori M., Imaizumi K., Murata T., Kyozuka H., Ogata Y., Sato A., Shinoki K., Yasumura S., Hosoya M., Hashimoto K., Fujimori K., Kamijima M., Yamazaki S., Ohya Y., Kishi R., Yaegashi N., Mori C., Ito S., Yamagata Z., Inadera H., Nakayama T., Sofue T., Shima M., Nakamura H., Suganuma N., Kusuhara K., Katoh T.

Scientific Reports Vol. 13 ( 1 ) 2023.12

Publisher：Scientific Reports

We evaluated the association between maternal prenatal folic acid supplement use/dietary folate intake and cognitive development in 4-year-old offspring (N = 3445) using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Cognitive development was evaluated using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. Multiple regression analysis revealed that offspring of mothers who started using folic acid supplements pre-conception had a significantly higher language-social developmental quotient (DQ) (partial regression coefficient 1.981, 95% confidence interval 0.091 to 3.872) than offspring of mothers who did not use such supplements at any time throughout their pregnancy (non-users). Offspring of mothers who started using folic acid supplements within 12 weeks of gestation had a significantly higher cognitive-adaptive (1.489, 0.312 to 2.667) and language-social (1.873, 0.586 to 3.159) DQ than offspring of non-users. Regarding daily dietary folate intake from preconception to early pregnancy, multiple regression analysis revealed that there was no significant association with any DQ area in the 200 to < 400 µg and the ≥ 400 µg groups compared with the < 200 µg group. Maternal prenatal folic acid supplementation starting within 12 weeks of gestation (but not adequate dietary folate intake from preconception to early pregnancy) is positively associated with cognitive development in 4-year-old offspring.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-36484-8

Association between gestational age at threatened preterm birth diagnosis and incidence of preterm birth: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Open Access

Murata T., Isogami H., Imaizumi K., Fukuda T., Kyozuka H., Yasuda S., Yamaguchi A., Sato A., Ogata Y., Shinoki K., Hosoya M., Yasumura S., Hashimoto K., Nishigori H., Fujimori K., Kamijima M., Yamazaki S., Ohya Y., Kishi R., Yaegashi N., Mori C., Ito S., Yamagata Z., Inadera H., Nakayama T., Sobue T., Shima M., Nakamura H., Suganuma N., Kusuhara K., Katoh T.

Scientific Reports Vol. 13 ( 1 ) 2023.12

Publisher：Scientific Reports

We evaluated the association between gestational age at threatened preterm birth (TPTB) diagnosis and preterm birth (PTB) incidence using a nationwide birth cohort. Data of 94,236 women with singleton deliveries from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (enrolled between 2011 and 2014) were analysed. Participants were divided based on parity and gestational age at TPTB diagnosis (22–24, 25–27, 28–30, 31–33, and 34–36 weeks). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for PTB before 37 and 34 weeks in women from all groups, using participants without TPTB as the reference. The adjusted ORs for PTB before 37 weeks were the highest in the latest gestational age group in nulliparous and multiparous women without previous PTB, while those before 34 weeks were the highest in the earliest and latest gestational age group in multiparous women without previous PTB and in the earliest gestational age group in multiparous women with previous PTB. The association between gestational age at TPTB diagnosis and PTB incidence varies based on maternal parity and PTB before 37 or 34 weeks. Further studies with detailed clinical data and a unified TPTB diagnosis protocol are necessary to clarify this association.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-023-38524-9

文化人類学的医療を学ぶ

宮地純一郎, 錦織宏

月刊地域医学 Vol. 37 ( 9 ) page： 65 2023.9

Report on Workshops at the 55th Annual Conference Reviewed Open Access

Takeda Yuko, Tsuchiya Shizuma, Saiki Takuya, Maeno Takami, Imafuku Rintaro, Matsuyama Yasushi, Yagi Machiko, Kikukawa Makoto, Obara Haruo, Shiibashi Michio, Nakamura Mariko, Takamura Akiteru, Nagasaki Kazuya, Kobayashi Shizuko, Tsuruta Jun, Miyachi Yuka, Nishigori Hiroshi

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 54 ( 4 ) page： 406 - 409 2023.8

Narrative Review of Feedback -From Definition to Recent Discussion- Reviewed Open Access

Kimura Takeshi, Nishigori Hiroshi

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 54 ( 3 ) page： 255 - 265 2023.6

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japan Society for Medical Education

Feedback is an educational activity that occurs in a variety of settings in medical education and has been widely discussed since 2008, when Ridder et al. defined it as "Specific information about the comparison between a trainee's observed performance and a standard, given with the intent to improve the trainee's performance." (Ridder et al., 2008, p.3). Since then, discussions on effective feedback have shifted from a behaviorist, instructor-centered approach to a more multifaceted approach that focuses on relationship and the learner as recipient of feedback, or the learner's potential ability to make use of feedback (self-regulated learning, feedback literacy).

DOI： 10.11307/mededjapan.54.3_255

Reflection on Interprofessional Collaboration Based on Uncomfortable Experiences Reviewed Open Access

Sano Itsuki, Morishita Mariko, Nishigori Hiroshi

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 54 ( 3 ) page： 281 - 287 2023.6

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japan Society for Medical Education

The first author set up a study group with other members in 2014, aiming to improve multidisciplinary collaboration through reflection and discussions on discomfort ( “Moyatto” in Japanese) while focusing on group members’ experiences at work. One-hour online sessions were conducted monthly with multidisciplinary professionals from several institutions. We reflected on interprofessional collaboration based on Moyatto. This paper describes the history of the study group’s inception and development, the learning process of each session, and the theory as a framework. It also reports on the practice and changes in our study group, concluding that interprofessional collaboration requires first-order reflection within a same-profession group and second-order reflection among diverse professionals.

DOI： 10.11307/mededjapan.54.3_281

2. A Newly Established Quality/Competency "Taking a Multi-Systemic View towards a Patient as a Living Person" Reviewed Open Access

Haruta Junji, Ando Takayuki, Endo Amane, Kaneko Makoto, Shikino Kiyoshi, Nagamine Yuiko, Nishigori Hiroshi, Fujikawa Hirohisa, Yamanashi Hirotomo

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 54 ( 2 ) page： 142 - 148 2023.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japan Society for Medical Education

Based on the social context of an aging society and surveys conducted since 2020, the need for comprehensive perspectives and approaches that consider patients'psychosocial background and a cross-organ perspective has been identified. As a result, a new quality and ability, namely comprehensive attitudes toward patients, has been established as part of the core curriculum for medical education in FY2022. Specific learning objectives include "holistic perspectives and approaches," "community perspectives and approaches," "life perspectives and approaches," and "social perspectives and approaches". An educational design that draws on multiple learning theories to enable reflection on one's own way of being has been proposed to integrate abstract and concrete, conceptual and experiential, and self and others perspectives. It is expected that this medical education will lead to improvement in the well-being of individuals, families, and communities.

DOI： 10.11307/mededjapan.54.2_142

Forword　In Featuring the Special Topics Reviewed Open Access

Nishigori Hiroshi, Konishi Yasuhiko

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 54 ( 2 ) page： 133 - 133 2023.4

Summary　Outline of the 2022 Revision of the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education in Japan Oversight of the Revision : Evidence-Based Medical Education Reviewed Open Access

Nishigori Hiroshi

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 54 ( 2 ) page： 199 - 202 2023.4

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japan Society for Medical Education

The 2022 revision of the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education by the Japan Society for Medical Education was based on several data sets including academic papers and survey results. It is recommended that the formation of a team consisting of diverse attributes, sufficient discussion using a web conference system, smooth communication between the government and academic societies, and dialogue with organizations related to medical education be continued in the next revision. On the other hand, collaboration and communication with academic societies in specialized fields is an issue for the future.　Although the revised Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education is the product of the collective wisdom of experts in medical education in Japan in the early 2020s, it is by no means a legal mandate imposed by the state, nor does it force faculty members of each university to follow it blindly. We hope that those involved in medical education will use this Model Core Curriculum, which was prepared with an eye to society 20 years from now, as a reference guide, and at the same time, we hope that those involved in education in the field will implement the updated guidelines while sometimes questioning them.

DOI： 10.11307/mededjapan.54.2_199

Association of labour duration in spontaneous deliveries with low neonatal Apgar scores and foetal acidosis: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Open Access

Murata T., Yasuda S., Imaizumi K., Isogami H., Fukuda T., Kyozuka H., Yamaguchi A., Sato A., Ogata Y., Shinoki K., Hosoya M., Yasumura S., Hashimoto K., Nishigori H., Fujimori K., Kamijima M., Yamazaki S., Ohya Y., Kishi R., Yaegashi N., Mori C., Ito S., Yamagata Z., Inadera H., Nakayama T., Iso H., Shima M., Nakamura H., Suganuma N., Kusuhara K., Katoh T.

Scientific Reports Vol. 12 ( 1 ) 2022.12

Publisher：Scientific Reports

This study evaluated the association between labour duration (LD) and incidence of low neonatal Apgar scores and foetal acidosis. Data of 37,682 women with full-term singleton spontaneous vaginal deliveries from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study were analysed. Women were classified according to the median LD as nulliparous (< 10 or ≥ 10 h) or multiparous (< 5 or ≥ 5 h) and further into five subcategories: nulliparous (< 10.0, 10.0–12.9, 13.0–15.9, 16.0–18.9, and ≥ 19 h) and multiparous (< 5.0, 5.0–7.9, 8.0–10.9, 11.0–13.9, and ≥ 14.0 h). Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (ORs) for outcomes in women with over-median LD. Over-median LD exhibited no statistically significant association with low neonatal Apgar scores. The adjusted ORs for both umbilical artery (UmA-pH) < 7.2 and < 7.1 were increased in nulliparous women with over-median LD, whereas only the adjusted OR for UmA-pH < 7.2 was increased in multiparous women with over-median LD. Moreover, this association manifested as a plateau in nulliparous women with LD ≥ 13 h and without dose-dependent association in multiparous women.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-24359-3

Association of Chlamydia trachomatis infection with pregnancy outcomes among Japanese pregnant women: The Japan environment and children’s study Open Access

Yasuda S., Kyozuka H., Endo Y., Kanno A., Murata T., Fukusda T., Yamaguchi A., Sato A., Ogata Y., Kuse M., Hosoya M., Yasumura S., Hashimoto K., Nishigori H., Fujimori K., Kamijima M., Yamazaki S., Ohya Y., Kishi R., Yaegashi N., Mori C., Ito S., Yamagata Z., Inadera H., Nakayama T., Iso H., Shima M., Kurozawa Y., Suganuma N., Kusuhara K., Katoh T.

PLoS ONE Vol. 17 ( 11 November ) 2022.11

Publisher：PLoS ONE

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection on pregnancy outcome in pregnant Japanese women. We utilized the data from a nationwide birth cohort study, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), for this study. We enrolled 26,385 individuals who could refer to data on pregnancy outcomes and confounding factors, with data on CT. Binominal logistic regression models were used to determine whether pregnant women with CT positivity were at more risk of experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes, preterm birth (PTB), preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (pPROM), low birth weight (LBW) infants, small for gestational age (SGA) births, or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, marital status, smoking status, and education status, there were no significantly increased risks of PTB, pPROM, LBW infants, SGA, and HDP in the odds ratios. No significant increase in the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed in any of the subgroup analyses, which were limited to the pregnancy women in Fukushima prefecture, where CT screening could be confirmed at 28-30 weeks of gestation. We believe that the results of this study will make a significant contribution to the future of medical care for pregnant women in Japan. Our findings are important for medical practitioners to contribute to the future medical treatment of Japanese pregnant women, and also to contribute to pre-conception care for Japanese society as a whole, including pregnant women.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0275573

Development of an Educational Program on Cultural Competence for Psychiatric Professionals Reviewed Open Access

Sano Itsuki, Morishita Mariko, Nishigori Hiroshi

Igaku Kyoiku / Medical Education (Japan) Vol. 53 ( 5 ) page： 447 - 452 2022.10

Language：Japanese Publisher：Japan Society for Medical Education

We developed an educational program on cultural competence for psychiatric professionals. Regarding social justice education that critically questions dominant ideologies, we held weekly 30-minute discussion groups with multidisciplinary professionals. Rather than focusing on a particular culture group, we aimed to realize through critical self-reflection, as advocated by Kumagai and Lypson, that “there is a part of the other that I cannot know,” and named this group the “Discussion Group on Otherness.” Using essays on medical culture written by researchers in the medical humanities as our main teaching material, we discussed what is (or should be) the relevant problem. This article discusses the issues that have emerged so far, the responses to these issues, and future developments.

DOI： 10.11307/mededjapan.53.5_447