Faculty Profiles - NAKANISHI Kazuki

Papers - NAKANISHI Kazuki

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Pore structure control of macroporous methylsilsesquioxane monoliths prepared by in situ two-step processing Reviewed

Xingzhong Guo, Huan Yu, Hui Yang, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Yang Zhu, Kazuki Nakanishi

JOURNAL OF POROUS MATERIALS Vol. 20 ( 6 ) page： 1477 - 1483 2013.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Macroporous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) monoliths have been prepared by in situ two-step processing using an initial acid catalysis step accompanied by an epoxide-mediated condensation step in the presence of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). We investigate the effects of duration time of acidic step, heat-treatment and hydrothermal treatment on the macroporous morphology and pore structures of MSQ monoliths. The duration time of acidic step gives an important effect on the macroporous morphology and pore structures of MSQ monoliths, resulting from the polymerization of MSQ. Heat-treatment and hydrothermal treatment basically do not spoil the macroporous morphology of MSQ monoliths, while obviously varies the mesopore/micropore structures including pore size, pore volume, and pore size distribution. The macroporous MSQ materials with thick skeleton and intrinsic hydrophobicity are promising for wide applications such as ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), superhydrophobic materials and so on.

DOI： 10.1007/s10934-013-9733-z

Recyclable functionalization of silica with alcohols via dehydrogenative addition on hydrogen silsesquioxane Reviewed

Nirmalya Moitra, Toshiyuki Kamei, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi, Kazuyuki Takeda, Toyoshi Shimada

Langmuir Vol. 29 ( 39 ) page： 12243 - 12253 2013.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Synthesis of class II hybrid silica materials requires the formation of covalent linkage between organic moieties and inorganic frameworks. The requirement that organosilylating agents be present to provide the organic part limits the synthesis of functional inorganic oxides, however, due to the water sensitivity and challenges concerning purification of the silylating agents. Synthesis of hybrid materials with stable molecules such as simple alcohols, rather than with these difficult silylating agents, may therefore provide a path to unprecedented functionality. Herein, we report the novel functionalization of silica with organic alcohols for the first time. Instead of using hydrolyzable organosilylating agents, we used stable organic alcohols with a Zn(II) catalyst to modify the surface of a recently discovered highly reactive macro-mesoporous hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, HSiO1.5) monolith, which was then treated with water with the catalyst to form surface- functionalized silica. These materials were comprehensively characterized with FT-IR, Raman, solid-state NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, thermal analysis, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. The results obtained from these measurements reveal facile immobilization of organic moieties by dehydrogenative addition onto surface silane (Si-H) at room temperature with high loading and good tolerance of functional groups. The organic moieties can also be retrieved from the monoliths for recycling and reuse, which enables cost-effective and ecological use of the introduced catalytic/reactive surface functionality. Preservation of the reactivity of as-immobilized organic alcohols has been confirmed, moreover, by successfully performing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" reactions on the immobilized silica surfaces. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/la402205j

Hierarchically porous monoliths based on N-doped reduced titanium oxides and their electric and electrochemical properties Reviewed

George Hasegawa, Tatsuya Sato, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kousuke Nakano, Takeshi Yajima, Yoji Kobayashi, Hiroshi Kageyama, Takeshi Abe, Kazuki Nakanishi

Chemistry of Materials Vol. 25 ( 17 ) page： 3504 - 3512 2013.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

In this report, we demonstrate a novel synthesis method to obtain reduced titanium oxides with monolithic shape and with a well-defined hierarchically porous structure from the titanium-based network bridged with ethylenediamine. The hierarchically porous monoliths are fabricated by the nonhydrolytic sol-gel reaction accompanied by phase separation. This method allows a low-temperature crystallization into Ti4O7 and Ti3O5 at 800 and 900 C, respectively, with N-doped carbon. These reduced titanium oxides are well-doped with N atoms even under argon atmosphere without NH 3, which accounts for the low-temperature reduction. The resultant monolithic materials possess controllable macropores and high specific surface area together with excellent electric conductivity up to 230 S cm-1, indicating promise as a conductive substrate that can substitute carbon electrodes. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/cm401933a

Synthesis of Concentrated Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Organotellurium-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization Reviewed

Yamago, Shigeru, Yahata, Yoshikazu, Nakanishi, Kouji, Konishi, Shota, Kayahara, Eiichi, Nomura, Akihiro, Goto, Atsushi, Tsujii, Yoshinobu

Macromolecules Vol. 46 ( 17 ) page： 6777 - 6785 2013.9

Preparation of mullite monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeletons via the sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation Reviewed

Xingzhong Guo, Wenyan Li, Kazuki Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Yang Zhu, Hui Yang

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Vol. 33 ( 10 ) page： 1967 - 1974 2013.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Mullite monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesostructured skeletons have been prepared via the sol gel process accompanied by phase separation in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Gelation of Al2O3-SiO2 binary system with chloride salts as an additional precursor has been mediated by propylene oxide (PO) as an acid scavenger, while PEO worked as a phase-separation inducer. The dried gel and that heat-treated at 800 degrees C are amorphous, and gamma-Al2O3 or Si-Al spinel phase nanocrystals are crystallind at 900-1000 degrees C. After heat-treated at and above 1100 degrees C for 5 h, the complete crystalline mullite is generated, and the macroporous monoliths in large dimensions of more than 15 mm x 15 mm x 10 mm are obtained. Heat-treatment at 200-1400 degrees C does not basically spoil the macroporous structure of monoliths, while decreases the macropore size and significantly alters the phase compositions and micro-mesoporous structure. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.02.018

Sol-gel synthesis of macroporous TiO2 from ionic precursors via phase separation route Reviewed

Wenyan Li, Xingzhong Guo, Yang Zhu, Yang Hui, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi

JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol. 67 ( 3 ) page： 639 - 645 2013.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

Monolithic macroporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) derived from ionic precursors has been successfully prepared via the sol-gel route accompanied by phase separation in the presence of formamide (FA) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The addition of FA promotes the gelation, whereas PVP enhances the polymerization-induced phase separation. Appropriate choice of the starting compositions allows the production of cocontinuous macroporous TiO2 monoliths in large dimensions, and controls the size of macropores. The resultant dried gel is amorphous, whereas anatase and rutile phases are precipitated at 500 and 900 A degrees C respectively, without spoiling the macroporous morphology. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements revealed that the dried gels exhibits mesostructure with a median pore size of about 3 nm and BET surface area of 228 m(2)/g, whereas 15 nm and 73 m(2)/g for the gels calcined at 600 A degrees C.

DOI： 10.1007/s10971-013-3123-5

Other Link： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-4780

Gelation behavior and phase separation of macroporous methylsilsesquioxane monoliths prepared by in situ two-step processing Reviewed

Xingzhong Guo, Wenyan Li, Hui Yang, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Yang Zhu, Kazuki Nakanishi

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Vol. 67 ( 2 ) page： 406 - 413 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

An in situ two-step processing using an initial acid catalysis step accompanied by an epoxide-mediated condensation step in the presence of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is reported, and macroporous cocontinuous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) monoliths have been successfully prepared by this processing. We explain the hydrolysis, gelation behavior and phase separation of MTMS(methyltrimethoxysilane)-MeOH(methanol)-HCl-PO(propylene oxide) system and the in situ effect of NH4Cl, and examine the macroporous morphology and pore structures of MSQ monoliths obtained under different conditions. Macroporous MSQ monolith under optimized conditions possesses a narrow macropore size distribution between 3 to 10 μm, surface area as high as 366 m 2·g-1 and minimal shrinkage of only 1 %. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

DOI： 10.1007/s10971-013-3094-6

Hierarchically porous nickel/carbon composite monoliths prepared by sol-gel method from an ionic precursor Reviewed

Yasuki Kido, Kazuki Nakanishi, Nao Okumura, Kazuyoshi Kanamori

MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS Vol. 176 page： 64 - 70 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Utilizing a facile sol-gel reaction accompanied by phase separation, rigid monolithic nickel hydroxide-based xerogels and nickel/carbon composites with hierarchical porosity have been successfully fabricated. In the synthetic route starting from nickel chloride as a nickel precursor, trimethylene oxide acts as a gelation initiator to increase pH in a reaction solution. In addition, poly(acrylic acid) plays a double role as a phase separation inducer and as a co-constituent with nickel hydroxide to comprise continuous gel skeletons in the micrometer range. As a result, obtained xerogels possess well-defined macropores evidenced by microscopy observation and mercury porosimetry. Subsequent heat-treatment in air led to the crystallization of NiO at 300 degrees C, while calcination under argon flow brought about the formation of nickel/carbon (Ni/C) composites with hierarchical pores and large specific surface area at temperatures higher than 300 degrees C. This is the first report on the preparation of rigid monolithic xerogels and metal/carbon composite with well-defined macropores based on a metal salt precursor containing "divalent" cation. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.03.042

Preparation of a hierarchically porous AlPO4 monolith via an epoxide-mediated sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation Reviewed

Wenyan Li, Yang Zhu, Xingzhong Guo, Kazuki Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Hui Yang

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol. 14 ( 4 ) page： 045007 2013.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD

Monolithic aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) with a macro-mesoporous structure has been successfully prepared via the sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Gelation of the system has been mediated by propylene oxide (PO), while PEO induces a phase separation. The dried gel is amorphous, whereas the crystalline tridymite phase precipitates upon heating above 1000 degrees C. Heat treatment does not spoil the macroporous morphology of the AlPO4 monoliths. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements revealed that the skeletons of the dried gels possess a mesostructure with a median pore size of about 30 nm and a surface area as high as 120 m(2) g(-1). Hydrothermal treatment before heat treatment can increase the surface area to 282 m(2) g(-1).

DOI： 10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/045007

Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Hydrogen Silsesquioxane Monoliths and Embedding of Metal Nanoparticles by On-Site Reduction Reviewed

Nirmalya Moitra, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Toyoshi Shimada, Kazuyuki Takeda, Yumi H. Ikuhara, Xiang Gao, Kazuki Nakanishi

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS Vol. 23 ( 21 ) page： 2714 - 2722 2013.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH

A facile synthesis of a new class of reactive porous materials is reported: hierarchically porous hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSiO1.5, HSQ) monoliths with well-defined macropores and mesopores. The HSQ monoliths are prepared via sol-gel accompanied by phase separation in a mild condition, and contain micrometer-sized co-continuous macropores and high specific surface area reaching up to 800 m2 g-1 because of the small mesopores. A total preservation of Si-H, which is always an issue of HSQ materials, is confirmed by 29Si solid-state NMR. The HSQ monolith has then been subjected to reduction of noble metal ions to their corresponding metal nanoparticles in simple aqueous solutions under an ambient condition. The nanoparticles produced in this manner are immobilized on the HSQ monolith and are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Both the bare HSQ and nanoparticles-embedded HSQ are promising as heterogeneous catalysts, exhibiting reusability and recyclability.

DOI： 10.1002/adfm.201202558

Fabrication of large-sized silica monolith exceeding 1000 mL with high structural homogeneity Reviewed

Riichi Miyamoto, Yukiko Ando, Chie Kurusu, Hong-zhi Bai, Kazuki Nakanishi, Masamichi Ippommatsu

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE Vol. 36 ( 12 ) page： 1890 - 1896 2013.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH

Reproducible fabrication of the hierarchically porous monolithic silica in a large volume exceeding 1000 mL has been established. By the hydrothermal enlargement of the fully accessible small pores to exceed 50 nm in diameter, the capillary force emerged on solvent evaporation was dramatically reduced, which allowed the preparation of crack-free monoliths with evaporative solvent removal under an ambient pressure. The local temperature inhomogeneity within a reaction vessel in a large volume was precisely controlled to cancel the heat evolved by the hydrolysis reaction of tetramethoxysilane and that consumed to melt ice cubes dispersed in the solution, resulting in large monolithic silica pieces with improved structural homogeneity. Homogeneity of the pore structure was confirmed, both on macro- and mesoscales, using SEM, mercury intrusion, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. Furthermore, the deviations in chromatographic performance were examined by evaluating multiple smaller monolithic columns prepared from the monolithic silica pieces cut from different parts of a large monolith. All the daughter columns thus prepared exhibited comparable performances to each other to prove the overall homogeneity of the mother monolith. Preliminary results on high-speed separation of peptides and proteins by the octadecylsilylated silica monolith of the above production have also been demonstrated.

DOI： 10.1002/jssc.201300123

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Confined in Hierarchically Porous Monolithic Silica: A New Function in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Separations Reviewed

Yang Zhu, Kei Morisato, Wenyan Li, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol. 5 ( 6 ) page： 2118 - 2125 2013.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been homogeneously introduced into hierarchically porous monolithic silica columns with well-defined macropores and SBA-15-type hexagonally ordered mesopores by using ethanol as the mild reductant. Within the cylindrical silica mesopores treated with aminopropyl groups as the host, monocrystalline Ag NPs and nanorods are obtained after being treated in silver nitrate/ethanol solution at room temperature for different durations of reducing time. The loading of Ag NPs in the monolith can be increased to 33 wt % by the repetitive treatment, which also led to the formation of polycrystalline Ag nanorods in the mesopores. Although the bare silica column cannot separate aromatic hydrocarbons, good separation of those molecules by noncharged Ag NPs confined in the porous structure of the monolith has been for the first time demonstrated with the Ag NP-embedded silica column. The NP-embedded monolithic silica would be a powerful separation tool for hydrocarbons with different number, position, and configuration of unsaturated bonds.

DOI： 10.1021/am303163s

Macroporous SiO2 monoliths prepared via sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation Reviewed

Xing-Zhong Guo, Wen-Yan Li, Yang Zhu, Kazuki Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Hui Yang

Wuli Huaxue Xuebao/ Acta Physico - Chimica Sinica Vol. 29 ( 3 ) page： 646 - 652 2013.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Macroporous SiO2 monoliths were prepared via a sol-gel process accompanied by phase separation using a tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) precursor, 0.01 mol·L-1 HCl catalyst, propylene oxide (PO) gelation agent, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, viscosity-averaged molecular weight (Mv): 10000) phase separation inducer. Monoliths were characterized by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/ TG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis (BET). The mechanism of the epoxide-mediated sol-gel reaction and PEO induced phase separation was discussed. The addition of PEO induced phase separation, and monolithic SiO2 with a cocontinuous macroporous skeletal structure was obtained at PEO/TMOS molar ratio of 0.0018. Monoliths had a narrow pore size distribution of 1-3 μm, surface area as high as 719 m2·g-1 and pore volume of 0.48 m3·g-1. This sol-gel transition is mediated by PO because of its strong nucleophilic properties and irreversible ring-opening reaction. Simultaneous phase separation is induced by PEO adsorbed on the SiO2 oligomers. © Editorial office of Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica.

DOI： 10.3866/PKU.WHXB201212252

New Li2FeSiO4-carbon monoliths with controlled macropores: effects of pore properties on electrode performance Reviewed

George Hasegawa, Mai Sannohe, Yuya Ishihara, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi, Takeshi Abe

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS Vol. 15 ( 22 ) page： 8736 - 8743 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Monolithic Li2FeSiO4-carbon composites with well-defined macropores have been prepared from the silica-based gels containing Li, Fe, and carbon sources. The macroporous precursor gels can be fabricated by the sol-gel method accompanied by phase separation. A fine control of the macropore size in the resultant composites has been achieved by controlling the macropore size of the precursor gels simply by adjusting the starting compositions. The effects of pore properties on Li insertion-extraction capabilities have been investigated by utilizing the resultant Li2FeSiO4-carbon composites as the cathode of lithium ion batteries. The electrodes prepared from the Li2FeSiO4-carbon composites with different macropore sizes exhibit significant differences in the charge-discharge properties. The results strongly suggest that the smaller macropore size (equal to the thinner macropore skeletons) and the presence of micro-and mesopores in the macropore skeletons (hierarchically porous structure) are desirable for a better electrode in the case of Li2FeSiO4, which has extremely low ionic and electrical conductivities.

DOI： 10.1039/c3cp50352f

Sol-gel synthesis of zinc ferrite-based xerogel monoliths with well-defined macropores Reviewed

Yasuki Kido, Kazuki Nakanishi, Kazuyoshi Kanamori

RSC ADVANCES Vol. 3 ( 11 ) page： 3661 - 3666 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Starting from an aqueous solution, porous zinc ferrite-based xerogel monoliths have been prepared via a sol-gel route accompanied by phase separation mediated by propylene oxide in the presence of poly(acrylamide). The xerogels possess well-defined macropores, and the macroporous morphologies could be easily controlled (macropore size ranges from 0.55 to 1.29 mu m) by simply changing the starting composition. As-dried xerogel samples were amorphous under X-ray diffraction, while heat-treatment in air brought about the formation of spinel type ferrite phase, ZnFe2O4. Calcination under Ar atmosphere allowed the crystallization of various iron-based phases/carbon composites (Fe3O4, Fe1-delta O, Fe3N, Fe4N, Fe3C, and Fe). Samples heated under Ar flow exhibited hierarchical pore structures, including continuous macropores, in addition to mesopores and micropores embedded in the carbon-containing composite matrices.

DOI： 10.1039/c3ra22481c

Erratum: Hierarchically porous monoliths of oxygen-deficient anatase TiO<sub>2-x</sub> with electronic conductivity (RSC Advances (2013) DOI:10.1039/C3RA40545A) Reviewed

A. Kitada, G. Hasegawa, Y. Kobayashi, K. Miyazaki, T. Abe, K. Kanamori, K. Nakanishi, H. Kageyama

RSC Advances Vol. 3 ( 48 ) page： 26475- 2013

Hierarchically Porous Monoliths of Oxygen-deficient Anatase TiO2-x with Electronic Conductivity (vol 3, pg 7205, 2013) Reviewed

Atsushi Kitada, George Hasegawa, Yoji Kobayashi, Kohei Miyazaki, Takeshi Abe, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi, Hiroshi Kageyama

RSC ADVANCES Vol. 3 ( 48 ) page： 26475 - 26475 2013

Layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based monolith with interconnected hierarchical channels: enhanced sorption affinity for anionic species Reviewed

Yasuaki Tokudome, Naoki Tarutani, Kazuki Nakanishi, Masahide Takahashi

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A Vol. 1 ( 26 ) page： 7702 - 7708 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

Monolithic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with interconnected channels have been expected to enhance sorption rate as well as increase accumulation of anions. Although powder molding can form easily-handled LDH compacts, interconnected channel formation therein has not been achieved. Herein, we demonstrate cm-scale monolithic LDH-based composites with interconnected hierarchical channels via a spontaneous sol-gel reaction. The synthesis was performed on Mg-Al hydrotalcite-type LDHs starting from metal chlorides aqueous/ethanolic solution with poly(ethylene oxide) incorporated. Addition of propylene oxide triggers a sol-gel reaction to form monolithic xerogels with a formula of [ Mg0.66Al0.33(OH)(2)Cl-0.33 center dot 2.92H(2)O]center dot 3.1Al(OH)(3). LDH crystals together with aluminum hydroxide crystals homogeneously build up gel skeletons with well-defined hierarchical channels. The interconnected channel in mm range (macrochannel) are formed as a phase-separated structure, whereas the channel in nm range (nanochannel) are as interstices of primary particles. The channel architectures are preserved in the course of rehydration process, affording enhanced sorption affinity for anion species in the process. Both of macro and mesochannels as well as high charge density of the obtained LDHs (Mg/Al = 2.0) contribute to enhanced anion sorption in the monolithic xerogels. The materials obtained here opens up applications of high performance adsorbents and ion-storage free from diffusion limitation.

DOI： 10.1039/c3ta11110e

Hierarchically porous monoliths of oxygen-deficient anatase TiO2-x with electronic conductivity Reviewed

Atsushi Kitada, George Hasegawa, Yoji Kobayashi, Kohei Miyazaki, Takeshi Abe, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi, Hiroshi Kageyama

RSC ADVANCES Vol. 3 ( 20 ) page： 7205 - 7208 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY

We report an electrically conducting oxygen-deficient anatase TiO2-x monolith with macro/meso/micro trimodal pores, prepared by reducing insulating porous TiO2 monoliths at low temperature. Without adding any conductive materials, the TiO2-x monolith itself was electrically conducting enough for lithium insertion, potentially opening a new avenue for carbon-free electrode materials.

DOI： 10.1039/c3ra40545a

New Insights into the Relationship between Micropore Properties, Ionic Sizes, and Electric Double-Layer Capacitance in Monolithic Carbon Electrodes Reviewed

George Hasegawa, Kazuyoshi Kanamori, Kazuki Nakanishi, Takeshi Abe

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C Vol. 116 ( 50 ) page： 26197 - 26203 2012.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC

The effects of the pore properties and the ionic sizes on the electric double-layer capacitances have been investigated by using the monolithic carbon electrodes with different pore properties. The carbon monoliths with high surface areas which possess homogeneous pore properties in the whole monoliths were prepared from the bridged-polysilsesquioxane gels via the nanophase extraction technique. The detailed investigations of the pore properties of the carbon monoliths were conducted by the nitrogen physisorption measurement as well as the mercury porosimetry. The electrochemical property of each monolithic carbon electrode was examined by the cyclic voltammetry in the different aqueous electrolytes in order to investigate the effects of the ionic sizes. These fundamental analyses have provided new insights into the efficient micropore sizes in each electrolyte for the superior electric double-layer capacitors.

DOI： 10.1021/jp309010p

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