Faculty Profiles - YAMAGATA Shinji

パーソナリティ特性研究の新展開と疫学・経済学など他領域への貢献の可能性 Reviewed Open Access

高橋雄介, 山形伸二, 星野崇宏

心理学研究 Vol. 82 ( 1 ) page： 63 - 76 2011

Factors affecting the formation of empathy : A gene-environment interaction model Reviewed Open Access

SHIKISHIMA Chizuru, HIRAISHI Kai, YAMAGATA Shinji, ANDO Juko

Japanese Journal of Social Psychology Vol. 26 ( 3 ) page： 188 - 201 2011

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Society of Social Psychology

Factors contributing to individual differences of empathy were examined using behavioral genetics methodology. Data related to individual levels of empathy and parental warmth received during childhood were collected from approximately 450 pairs of twins (ages 14-33). A bivariate model analysis clarified that shared family environmental factors did not contribute to the formation of empathy. No common shared environmental factors were detected between empathy and parental warmth, either. The positive correlation between the two variables was mediated principally by genetics. The result does not support socialization theory, which holds that warm parenting nurtures children's empathy. However, the subsequent gene-environment interaction model analysis revealed that shared family environmental factors significantly affected the formation of empathy for those with high or very low parental warmth. The results imply that individuals with a strong or very weak attachment to their parents were more influenced by the shared family environment.

DOI： 10.14966/jssp.KJ00007141808

The Generality of Personality Heritability Big-Five Trait Heritability Predicts Response Time to Trait Items Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Bo Ekehammar, Nazar Akrami, Lars-Erik Hedlund, Kimio Yoshimura, Yutaka Ono, Juko Ando, Shinji Yamagata

JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 31 ( 4 ) page： 209 - 214 2010

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：HOGREFE & HUBER PUBLISHERS

The present research examined the relationship between heritability and response time for the Big Five personality facets in three samples of adults and adolescents. We predicted that the larger the heritability of a facet the faster is the response to the items of that facet. In support of our predictions, the results showed that heritability and response time were indeed negatively correlated. The effect size of the relationship was small but systematic and statistically significant across all samples. The findings underline the generality of personality heritability and highlight the link between heritability and behavioral indicators. The potential usefulness of both heritability estimates and response time in research on personality is discussed.

DOI： 10.1027/1614-0001/a000029

Distributions of scores on gender dysphoria and cross-gender identification in Japan : Prevalence of tendency toward Gender Identity Disorder based on twin data Reviewed

[Gender differences in genetic and environmental etiology of gender role personality (BSRI)]. Reviewed Open Access

Shoko Sasaki, Shinji Yamagata, Chizuru Shikishima, Koken Ozaki, Juko Ando

Shinrigaku kenkyu : The Japanese journal of psychology Vol. 80 ( 4 ) page： 330 - 8 2009.10

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japanese Psychological Association

This study investigated the possible effects of genetic and environmental gender differences in effect on individual differences by using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) with twins. A sex/gender-limitation analysis, a behavior genetics methodology was used to the following: (a) effects of gender-specific genes, (b) gender differences in quantitative genetic effects, (c) effects of gender-specific shared environment, (d) gender differences of quantitative shared environment, and (e) gender differences of quantitative nonshared environment. Participants were adolescent and adult twins, including 111 identical male pairs, 241 identical female pairs, 36 fraternal male pairs, 65 fraternal female pairs, and 58 opposite-gender pairs. The results indicated that although masculinity and femininity were explained by genetic factors to some extent, there were no significant gender differences in the genetic factors. Moreover, because our data did not support a model which explained gender differences in the effects of specific common environment factors, no evidence was found to support the prenatal hormonal hypothesis or the existence of parenting which encouraged children's gender role personality.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.80.330

SASAKI Shoko, NONAKA Koichi, OZAKI Koken, TAKAHASHI Yusuke, SHIKISIMA Chizuru, YAMAGATA Shinji, ANDO Juko

Japanese journal of sexology Vol. 27 ( 1 ) page： 49 - 59 2009.7

性同一性障害の遺伝と環境の影響の推定―双生児法による行動遺伝学分析から― Reviewed

佐々木掌子, 尾崎幸謙, 高橋雄介, 山形伸二, 敷島千鶴, 野中浩一, 安藤寿康

日本性科学会雑誌 Vol. 26 ( 2 ) page： 136 2008.9

Substance and artifact in the higher-order factors of the Big Five Reviewed International coauthorship International journal Open Access

Robert R. McCrae, Shinji Yamagata, Kerry L. Jang, Rainer Riemann, Juko Ando, Yutaka Ono, Alois Angleitner, Frank M. Spinath

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 95 ( 2 ) page： 442 - 55 2008.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC

J. M. Digman (1997) proposed that the Big Five personality traits showed a higher-order structure with 2 factors he labeled alpha and beta. These factors have been alternatively interpreted as heritable components of personality or as artifacts of evaluative bias. Using structural equation modeling, the authors reanalyzed data from a cross-national twin study and from American cross-observer studies and analyzed new multimethod data from a German twin study. In all analyses, artifact models outperformed substance models by root-mean-square error of approximation criteria, but models combining both artifact and substance were slightly better. These findings suggest that the search for the biological basis of personality traits may be more profitably focused on the 5 factors themselves and their specific facets, especially in monomethod studies.

DOI： 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.442

Maintenance of genetic variation in personality through control of mental mechanisms: a test of trust, extraversion, and agreeableness Reviewed International journal

Kai Hiraishi, Shinji Yamagata, Chizuru Shikishima, Juko Ando

EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR Vol. 29 ( 2 ) page： 79 - 85 2008.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Since natural selection produces genetically homogeneous populations with regard to adaptively important traits, the relatively high genetic variance associated with human personality is an enigma. In this article, we propose that humans adaptively control the activation of domain-specific mental mechanisms in accordance with personality. This process functions to reduce fitness differences among individuals with different genetic backgrounds associated with personality. Such control would facilitate the evolution of heritable personality traits. We conducted a twin study, showing that the level of general trust (trust of strangers) is controlled not only by environmental factors but also by personality factors, thus producing reactive heritability of general trust. This result supports our hypothesis. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.07.004

Familial Transmission of Authoritarian Conservatism ::Genetic Inheritance or Cultural Transmission? Reviewed Open Access

SHIKISHIMA Chizuru, ANDO Juko, YAMAGATA Shinji, OZAKI Koken, TAKAHASHI Yusuke, NONAKA Koichi

Sociological Theory and Methods Vol. 23 ( 2 ) page： 2_105 - 2_126 2008

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Association For Mathematical Sociology

     With the use of behavioral genetics methodology, in which variance of an observed trait can be decomposed into the effect of three latent variables, that is, genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental, factors contributing to the formation of authoritarian conservatism were examined. 4111 participants (1279 male twins and 1899 female twins between the ages of 12-26, as well as 83 fathers and 860 mothers of the twins) responded to the Authoritarian Conservatism Scale. The twin model analysis employing 912 pairs of identical and 630 pairs of fraternal twins accounted for 33% of the variance of authoritarian conservatism by genetics, and 67% by nonshared environment. The subsequent twin parent-offspring model analysis also produced a very similar result. Thus, it was revealed that what mediated the familial transmission of authoritarian conservatism was genetics, not cultural transmission. Theories explaining the formation of authoritarianism by parenting or social background of the family are not supported. Transmission models can be further elaborated by including genetics as a predictable variable.

DOI： 10.11218/ojjams.23.2_105

Continuity and change in behavioral inhibition and activation systems: A longitudinal behavioral genetic study Reviewed International journal

Yusuke Takahashi, Shinji Yamagata, Nobuhiko Kijima, Kazuo Shigemasu, Yutaka Ono, Juko Ando

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 43 ( 6 ) page： 1616 - 1625 2007.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Although there is a great deal of interest in the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioral Activation System (BAS) - two temperaments formulated by Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory-few studies have examined the genetic and environmental etiology underlying their continuity and change. Using a two-wave longitudinal data set of twins from late adolescence to early adulthood, this study examined (1) whether genetic influences contribute to change as well as continuity of the two temperaments and (2) whether the magnitude of genetic influences on the BIS and BAS differs across the two measurement points. The questionnaire was administered to 448 twin pairs at two waves, with an interval of approximately 2-3 years. Univariate genetic analyses revealed that genetic factors accounted for around one-third of the phenotypic variance in the BIS and BAS traits at both waves. Longitudinal bivariate analyses revealed that (1) genetic influences contribute only to continuity, whereas environmental influences contribute to both continuity and change in the two traits, and (2) the degree of genetic influences does not differ. across time. These results suggest that in this age period, temporal stability of individual differences in the BIS and BAS owes more to genetic than to environmental factors. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.030

Trauma exposure and stress response: Exploration of mechanisms of cause and effect Reviewed International journal Open Access

Jang Kerry L., Taylor Steven, Stein Murray B., Yamagata Shinji

TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS Vol. 10 ( 4 ) page： 564 - 572 2007.8

Gray's Temperament Model : Development of Japanese Version of BIS/BAS Scales and A Behavior Genetic Investigation Using the Twin Method Reviewed Open Access

TAKAHASHI Yusuke, YAMAGATA Shinji, KIJIMA Nobuhiko, SHIGEMASU Kazuo, ONO Yutaka, ANDO Juko

The Japanese journal of personality Vol. 15 ( 3 ) page： 276 - 289 2007.3

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology

The present study investigated the temperament model of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems (BIS/BAS) conceptualized in Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory with a Japanese sample. In Study 1, a Japanese version of BIS/BAS scales was developed and administered to 446 university students. Results showed that the BIS/BAS scales had sufficient internal consistency and validity. Study 2 examined the relationship between the BIS/BAS scales and biological foundations of individual differences, using the twin method. Twins recruited for Keio Twin Project completed a questionnaire. Results ...

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.276

The Tokyo Twin Cohort Project: Overview and initial findings Reviewed International journal

Ando Juko, Nonaka Koichi, Ozaki Koken, Sato Naho, Fujisawa Keiko K., Suzuki Kunitake, Yamagata Shinji, Takahashi Yusuke, Nakajima Ryoko, Kato Noriko, Ooki Syuichi

TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS Vol. 9 ( 6 ) page： 817 - 826 2006.12

内在化・外在化問題行動はなぜ相関するか―相関関係の行動遺伝学的解析 Invited Reviewed Open Access

山形伸二, 菅原ますみ, 酒井厚, 眞榮城和美, 松浦素子, 木島伸彦, 菅原健介, 詫摩武俊, 天羽幸子

パーソナリティ研究 Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page： 103 - 119 2006.8

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：日本パーソナリティ心理学会

This article introduced methodology of human behavior genetics and twin study, especially multivariate genetic analysis, which was then applied to examine association between temperament and problem behaviors among children aged four to six years old. A questionnaire was mailed to 142 mothers of twins to obtain mother ratings of children's Effortful Control (EC), externalizing problems (EP), and internalizing problems (IP). Analysis of phenotypic correlations revealed that EP and IP had a positive correlation that was moderate (r=.55), and EC had a negative correlation with both EP (r=&minus;.42) and IP (r=&minus;.18). Multivariate genetic analysis revealed that the genetic influence that decreased EC also worked to increase both EP and IP, suggesting low EC may be a common genetic diathesis of EP and IP. Phenotypic correlation between EP and IP was explained by genetic (22.8%), shared environmental (53.4%), and non-shared environmental influence (23.8%). However, relatively low genetic contribution to the phenotypic correlation may be explained in terms of two counteracting influences: genetic influence on EC, which makes the correlation positive, and genetic influence unrelated to EC, which makes the correlation negative.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.103

J-GLOBAL

Behavioral genetics of the higher-order factors of the Big Five Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Kerry L. Jang, W. John Livesley, Juko Ando, Shinji Yamagata, Atsunobu Suzuki, Alois Angleitner, Fritz Ostendorf, Rainer Riemann, Frank Spinath

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 41 ( 2 ) page： 261 - 272 2006.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

There is empirical evidence that underlying the Big Five personality factors are two higher-order factors which have come to be known as "alpha" (a) and "beta" (beta). The alpha factor is defined by the agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability domains; whereas beta is delineated by extraversion and intellect. It has been argued that a and beta are important constructs because they bridge the gap between psychometric studies of personality and theories of personality development. However, it is unclear if alpha and beta are constructs that can be reliably reproduced across a diverse range of independent samples. In a sample of 1209 MZ and 701 DZ twin pairs from Canada, Germany, and Japan who completed the NEO-PI-R, factorial analyses of the five NEO-PI-R domains extracted two factors resembling alpha and beta. Subsequent multivariate genetic analyses revealed that this factor structure was a clear reflection of the organizing effects of multiple genetic influences, providing evidence for alpha and beta as stable heuristic devices that can be used to integrate personality measurement and developmental theory. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.033

Scopus

Is the genetic structure of human personality universal? A cross-cultural twin study from North America, Europe, and Asia Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Shinji Yamagata, Atsunobu Suzuki, Juko Ando, Yutaka Ono, Nobuhiko Kijima, Kimio Yoshimura, Fritz Ostendorf, Alois Angleitner, Rainer Riemann, Frank M. Spinath, W. John Livesley, Keay L. Jang

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 90 ( 6 ) page： 987 - 998 2006.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC

This study examined whether universality of the 5-factor model (FFM) of personality operationalized by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory is due to genetic influences that are invariant across diverse nations. Factor analyses were conducted on matrices of phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations estimated in a sample of 1,209 monozygotic and 701 dizygotic twin pairs from Canada, Germany, and Japan. Five genetic and environmental factors were extracted for each sample. High congruence coefficients were observed when phenotypic, genetic, and environmental factors were compared in each sample as well as when each factor was compared across samples. These results suggest that the FFM has a solid biological basis and may represent a common heritage of the human species.

DOI： 10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.987

PubMed

Development and Validation of Japanese Version of Effortful Control Scale for Adults Reviewed Open Access

YAMAGATA Shinji, TAKAHASHI Yusuke, SHIGEMASU Kazuo, ONO Yutaka, KIJIMA Nobuhiko

The Japanese journal of personality Vol. 14 ( 1 ) page： 30 - 41 2005.9

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology

This study developed Japanese version of Effortful Control (EC) scale for adults, and examined its reliability and validity. In Study 1, a questionnaire survey of 209 college and vocational school students showed sufficient internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the scale. Its correlational validity was also shown in terms of the relationships with novelty seeking, harm avoidance, Five-Factor personality dimensions, depressive mood, and state anxiety. Study 2 was conducted to show that the EC scale measured not only self-concept but also actual executive attention function. Fo...

DOI： 10.2132/personality.14.30