Faculty Profiles - YAMAGATA Shinji

Papers - YAMAGATA Shinji

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Self-concept does not change by self-presentation: A replication study of Tice (1992) Open Access

Ueda Sasuke, Kato Hiromichi, Yamagata Shinji

The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association Vol. 83 ( 0 ) page： 3C-004 - 3C-004 2019.9

Genetic and environmental etiology of stability and changes in self-esteem linked to personality: A Japanese twin study Reviewed International journal Open Access

Chizuru Shikishima, Kai Hiraishi, Yusuke Takahashi, Shinji Yamagata, Susumu Yamaguchi, Juko Ando

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 121 page： 140 - 146 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

This study used a behavioral genetic approach to examine the genetic and environmental etiology of stability and changes in self-esteem in relation to personality. Multiple genetic analyses were conducted on a longitudinal dataset of self-esteem and Big Five personality scores among young adult Japanese twins over the course of a decade. There were 1221 individuals'for whom data were available on both self-esteem and the Big Five personality test at Time 1 and 365 at Time 2. The mean interval between the two times was 9.95 years. Genetic effects on self-esteem were robust, and the same genes were responsible for the stability of self-esteem in individuals over time. Nearly half of the variance in self-esteem was explained by a new genetic factor arising during the decade, suggesting that genetic innovation of self-esteem occurred in early adult life. The genetic and environmental covariance structure between personality and self-esteem in individuals was constant over a decade, providing evidence that the stability of self-esteem was largely attributable to personality. However, genetics for self-esteem independent of personality still contributed to stability over time, differentiating

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.013

Returns to Education Using a Sample of Twins: Evidence from Japan Reviewed International journal

Makiko Nakamuro, Tomohiko Inui, Shinji Yamagata

ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL Vol. 31 ( 1 ) page： 61 - 81 2017.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

The objective of this article is to measure the causal effect of education on earnings using a large dataset of twins compiled in Japan with wide-ranging socioeconomic information. Recent research conducted in China showed that, contrary to the case in Western countries, ability bias is large in estimating the return to education. It is argued that the low rate of return in China is in part due to the competitive and exam-oriented education system, which is similar to the system in Japan. The empirical results in our study show that the estimated rate of return to education using the sample of identical twins in Japan is 9.3 percent even after omitted ability bias and measurement errors in self-reported schooling were corrected. Our findings suggest that the conventional OLS estimate is not significantly contaminated by potential biases in Japan.

DOI： 10.1111/asej.12113

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Traits of Gender Identity Disorder: A Study of Japanese Twins Across Developmental Stages Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Shoko Sasaki, Koken Ozaki, Shinji Yamagata, Yusuke Takahashi, Chizuru Shikishima, Tamara Kornacki, Koichi Nonaka, Juko Ando

ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR Vol. 45 ( 7 ) page： 1681 - 1695 2016.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS

The present study examined: (1) gender and age differences of mean gender identity disorder (GID) trait scores in Japanese twins; (2) the validity of the prenatal hormone transfer theory, which predicts that, in dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, twins with an opposite-gender co-twin more frequently exhibit GID traits than twins with a same-gender co-twin; and (3) the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on GID traits as a function of age and gender. Data from 1450 male twin pairs, 1882 female twin pairs, and 1022 DZ male-female pairs ranging from 3 to 26 years of age were analyzed. To quantify individual variances in GID traits, each participant completed four questionnaire items based on criteria for GID from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Our most important findings were: (1) Japanese females exhibited GID traits more frequently than males and Japanese children exhibited GID traits less frequently than adolescents and adults (among females, the prevalence was 1.6 % in children, 10 % in adolescents, and 12 % in adults; among males, the prevalence was 0.5, 2, and 3 %, respectively); (2) the data did not support the prenatal hormone transfer theory for GID traits; and (3) a large part of the variance for GID traits in children was accounted for by familial factors; however, the magnitude was found to be greater in children than in adolescents or adults, particularly among females. This study suggests that although the prevalence is likely to increase, familial effects are likely to decrease as individuals age.

DOI： 10.1007/s10508-016-0821-4

Development of multi-dimensional active learner scale Reviewed Open Access

Vol. 2 page： 86 - 94 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)

This study developed Multi-Dimensional Active Learner Scale and examined its reliability and validity. Forty five items were developed in reference to the aims of KlKAN Education in Kyushu University. A questionnaire survey was completed by 353 undergraduate students. Results of exploratory factor analyses on the 45 items suggested six-factor solution, and 20 items were selected to achieve both ease of administration and reasonable reliability. The resultant scale consisted of six subscales: inquisitiveness, collaborative learning skills, striving to achievement, critical thinking, logical thinking, and perspective on university life. Confirmatory factor analysis on 20 items showed adequate fit. The overall scale and six subscales showed reasonable internal consistency (Cronbach's a = .86 for the overall scale, a = .62-.78 for the subscales). Correlations with self-directed learning, experience on group learning, and Big Five personality items suggested construct validity of the scale.

DOI： 10.15017/1650904

Genetic Factors of Individual Differences in Decision Making in Economic Behavior: A Japanese Twin Study using the Allais Problem Reviewed International journal Open Access

Chizuru Shikishima, Kai Hiraishi, Shinji Yamagata, Juko Ando, Mitsuhiro Okada

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 6 ( NOV ) page： 1712 2015.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Why does decision making differ among individuals? People sometimes make seemingly inconsistent decisions with lower expected (monetary) utility even when objective information of probabilities and reward are provided. It is noteworthy, however, that a certain proportion of people do not provide anomalous responses, choosing the alternatives with higher expected utility, thus appearing to be more "rational." We investigated the genetic and environmental influences on these types of individual differences in decision making using a classical Allais problem task. Participants were 1,199 Japanese adult twins aged 20-47. Univariate genetic analysis revealed that approximately a third of the Allais problem response variance was explained by genetic factors and the rest by environmental factors unique to individuals and measurement error. The environmental factor shared between families did not contribute to the variance. Subsequent multivariate genetic analysis clarified that decision making using the expected utility theory was associated with general intelligence and that the association was largely mediated by the same genetic factor. We approach the mechanism underlying two types of "rational" decision making from the perspective of genetic correlations with cognitive abilities.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01712

Why children differ in motivation to learn: Insights from over 13,000 twins from 6 countries Reviewed International coauthorship International journal Open Access

Yulia Kovas, Gabrielle Garon-Carrier, Michel Boivin, Stephen A. Petrill, Robert Plomin, Sergey B. Malykh, Frank Spinath, Kou Murayama, Juko Ando, Olga Y. Bogdanova, Mara Brendgen, Ginette Dionne, Nadine Forget-Dubois, Eduard V. Galajinsky, Juliana Gottschling, Frederic Guay, Jean-Pascal Lemelin, Jessica A. R. Logan, Shinji Yamagata, Chizuru Shikishima, Birgit Spinath, Lee A. Thompson, Tatiana N. Tikhomirova, Maria G. Tosto, Richard Tremblay, Frank Vitaro

PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Vol. 80 page： 51 - 63 2015.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Little is known about why people differ in their levels of academic motivation. This study explored the etiology of individual differences in enjoyment and self-perceived ability for several school subjects in nearly 13,000 twins aged 9-16 from 6 countries. The results showed a striking consistency across ages, school subjects, and cultures. Contrary to common belief, enjoyment of learning and children's perceptions of their competence were no less heritable than cognitive ability. Genetic factors explained approximately 40% of the variance and all of the observed twins' similarity in academic motivation. Shared environmental factors, such as home or classroom, did not contribute to the twin's similarity in academic motivation. Environmental influences stemmed entirely from individual specific experiences. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.006

Heritability of decisions and outcomes of public goods games Reviewed International journal Open Access

Kai Hiraishi, Chizuru Shikishima, Shinji Yamagata, Juko Ando

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 6 ( MAR ) page： 373 2015.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Prosociality is one of the most distinctive features of human beings but there are individual differences in cooperative behavior. Employing the twin method, we examined the heritability of cooperativeness and its outcomes on public goods games using a strategy method. In two experiments (Study 1 and Study 2), twin participants were asked to indicate (1) how much they would contribute to a group when they did not know how much the other group members were contributing, and (2) how much they would contribute if they knew the contributions of others. Overall, the heritability estimates were relatively small for each type of decision, but heritability was greater when participants knew that the others had made larger contributions. Using registered decisions in Study 2, we conducted seven Monte Carlo simulations to examine genetic and environmental influences on the expected game payoffs. For the simulated one-shot game, the heritability estimates were small, comparable to those of game decisions. For the simulated iterated games, we found that the genetic influences first decreased, then increased as the numbers of iterations grew. The implication for the evolution of individual differences in prosociality is discussed.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00373

PERSONALITY TRAITS SHOW DIFFERENTIAL RELATIONS WITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN A NONCLINICAL SAMPLE Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Yusuke Takahashi, Brent W. Roberts, Shinji Yamagata, Nobuhiko Kijima

PSYCHOLOGIA Vol. 58 ( 1 ) page： 15 - 26 2015.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：PSYCHOLOGIA SOC

This study examined how the personality traits of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. We used two-wave short-term longitudinal data from 319 students. Data collections were two months apart. Personality traits were assessed using Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS and BAS). After confirming simple correlations, hierarchical regressions were conducted to test how residual changes or unique variances in psychopathology were predicted by the personality traits. Findings revealed that high BIS sensitivity predicted both anxiety and depression, while low BAS sensitivity predicted only depression. These results suggest that hyperactive BIS functions as a predictor for general distress, and that hypoactive BAS functions as a unique predictor for depression.

DOI： 10.2117/psysoc.2015.15

KIKAN education KADAI-KYOGAKU (interdisciplinary collaborative learning of social issues) Reviewed Open Access

Vol. 1 page： 63 - 69 2015

米国の競争性の高い大学における入学者選抜 Reviewed Open Access

山形伸二, 繁桝算男

大学入試研究ジャーナル ( 24 ) page： 97 - 104 2014.3

Culture Moderates the Genetic and Environmental Etiologies of Parenting: A Cultural Behavior Genetic Approach Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Chizuru Shikishima, Kai Hiraishi, Shinji Yamagata, Jenae M. Neiderhiser, Juko Ando

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE Vol. 4 ( 4 ) page： 434 - 444 2013.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

A cultural behavior genetic approach was introduced as a prospective means to describe psychological differences between cultures. We compared genetic and environmental influences on remembered parenting for samples of twins from Japan and Sweden. Data were collected from 720 pairs of young adult Japanese twins and 824 pairs of adult Swedish twins using the Parental Bonding Instrument. In both samples, a very similar phenotypic factor structure was developed for maternal and paternal parenting. However, the genetic and environmental contributions were different. Parenting in Japan showed more genetic influences, whereas parenting in Sweden showed more shared environmental influences. Moreover, covariation among the six dimensions of parenting (i.e., maternal and paternal Warmth, Protectiveness, and Authoritarianism) was due to genetic correlations in Japan and to shared environmental correlations in Sweden. These results are consistent with the cultural psychology argument that parenting practices are child centered in Japan but parent centered in the West.

DOI： 10.1177/1948550612460058

Inequality of opportunity in Japan: A behavioral genetic approach Reviewed International journal

Yamagata, S, Nakamuro, M, Inui, T

RIETI Discussion Paper Series Vol. 13 ( E-097 ) page： 1 - 18 2013.3

Two Cohort and Three Independent Anonymous Twin Projects at the Keio Twin Research Center (KoTReC) Reviewed International journal Open Access

Juko Ando, Keiko K. Fujisawa, Chizuru Shikishima, Kai Hiraishi, Mari Nozaki, Shinji Yamagata, Yusuke Takahashi, Koken Ozaki, Kunitake Suzuki, Minako Deno, Shoko Sasaki, Tatsushi Toda, Kazuhiro Kobayashi, Yutaro Sugimoto, Mitsuhiro Okada, Nobuhiko Kijima, Yutaka Ono, Kimio Yoshimura, Shinichiro Kakihana, Hiroko Maekawa, Toshimitsu Kamakura, Koichi Nonaka, Noriko Kato, Syuichi Ooki

TWIN RESEARCH AND HUMAN GENETICS Vol. 16 ( 1 ) page： 202 - 216 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS

The Keio Twin Research Center has conducted two longitudinal twin cohort projects and has collected three independent and anonymous twin data sets for studies of phenotypes related to psychological, socioeconomic, and mental health factors. The Keio Twin Study has examined adolescent and adult cohorts, with a total of over 2,400 pairs of twins and their parents. DNA samples are available for approximately 600 of these twin pairs. The Tokyo Twin Cohort Project has followed a total of 1,600 twin pairs from infancy to early childhood. The large-scale cross-sectional twin study (CROSS) has collected data from over 4,000 twin pairs, from 3 to 26 years of age, and from two high school twin cohorts containing a total of 1,000 pairs of twins. These data sets of anonymous twin studies have mainly targeted academic performance, attitude, and social environment. The present article introduces the research designs and major findings of our center, such as genetic structures of cognitive abilities, personality traits, and academic performances, developmental effects of genes and environment on attitude, socio-cognitive ability and parenting, genes x environment interaction on attitude and conduct problem, and statistical methodological challenges and so on. We discuss the challenges in conducting twin research in Japan.

DOI： 10.1017/thg.2012.131

Bidirectional influences between maternal parenting and children’s peer problems: A longitudinal monozygotic twin difference study. Reviewed International journal Open Access

Yamagata, S, Takahashi, Y, Ozaki, K, Fujisawa, K. K, Nonaka, K, Ando, J

Developmental Science Vol. 16 ( 2 ) page： 249 - 259 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Developmental Science

This twin study examined the bidirectional relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and children's peer problems that were not confounded by genetic and family environmental factors. Mothers of 259 monozygotic twin pairs reported parenting behaviors and peer problems when twins were 42 and 48 months. Path analyses on monozygotic twin difference scores revealed that authoritative parenting (the presence of consistent discipline and lack of harsh parenting) and peer problems simultaneously influenced each other. Authoritative parenting reduced peer problems, and peer problems increased authoritative parenting. Neither consistent discipline nor harsh parenting alone was associated with peer problems. These results suggest that maternal authoritative parenting works protectively in regard to children's peer problems, and peer problems can evoke such effective parenting. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/desc.12021

Hyperactivity/Inattention Problems Moderate Environmental but Not Genetic Mediation Between Negative Parenting and Conduct Problems Reviewed International journal

Keiko K. Fujisawa, Shinji Yamagata, Koken Ozaki, Juko Ando

JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 40 ( 2 ) page： 189 - 200 2012.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS

This study investigated the association between negative parenting (NP) and conduct problems (CP) in 6-year-old twins, taking into account the severity of hyperactivity/inattention problems (HIAP). Analyses of the data from 1,677 pairs of twins and their parents revealed that the shared environmental covariance between NP and CP was moderated by the level of HIAP but not by CP or NP, where the shared environmental covariance was larger in children with higher levels of HIAP than in children with lower levels of HIAP. The genetic covariance between NP and CP was not moderated by the level of HIAP, whereas it was larger in the group with lower levels of CP and NP than in the group with higher levels. These results suggest that severe HIAP strengthens shared environmental associations between NP and CP and that interventions focusing on the shared environmental component of NP would be effective for parents and children with severe HIAP.

DOI： 10.1007/s10802-011-9559-6

Genetic and environmental relationships between head circumference growth in the first year of life and sociocognitive development in the second year: a longitudinal twin study Reviewed International journal

Keiko K. Fujisawa, Koken Ozaki, Kunitake Suzuki, Shinji Yamagata, Ikko Kawahashi, Juko Ando

DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page： 99 - 112 2012.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Although growth in head circumference (HC) during infancy is known to predict later childhood outcomes, the mechanisms underlying this association with later sociocognitive abilities remain undetermined. Thus, using a sample of 241 pairs of normally developing Japanese twins, this study investigated the underpinnings of the association between HC growth (difference between HC at birth and at 10 months) and sociocognitive abilities at 19 months as measured by 10 items from the M-CHAT. Phenotypic correlations between HC at birth and sociocognitive abilities and between HC growth and sociocognitive abilities were marginal and not significant. However, multivariate genetic analyses using Cholesky decomposition revealed that genetic influences on HC growth and those on sociocognitive abilities were negatively associated. On the other hand, shared and nonshared environmental influences on HC growth were positively associated with influences on sociocognitive abilities. Genetic and environmental influences on HC at birth were not significantly associated with influences on sociocognitive abilities. These results help to clarify the role of brain growth during infancy in the subsequent development of sociocognitive abilities and highlight the importance of examining the different roles of genetic and environmental influences in studies of these areas.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01097.x

Causal Models of Gray's Behavioral Inhibition System, Depression, and Anxiety Investigated with Twin Methodology Reviewed Open Access

Yamagata Shinji, Takahash Yusuke, Kijima Nobuhiko, Ono Yutaka, Ando Juko

The Japanese Journal of Personality Vol. 20 ( 2 ) page： 110 - 117 2011.11

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology

Direction of causation between the Gray's Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), depression, and anxiety was investigated. Data of 424 twin pairs were subjected to direction of causation modeling, which is a method for inferring causal relationship from cross-sectional family data. Four causal models were examined: (1) BIS influences depression/anxiety, (2) depression/anxiety influences BIS, (3) they have mutual causal relationship, and (4) correlations between them are caused by a third variable, such as latent genetic and environmental factors. Results indicated that Model 1, which assumes BIS to have a causal influence, well fitted both depression and anxiety. When influences from BIS were considered, direction of causation modeling revealed that depression and anxiety have positive causal influences on each other. These results support the view that BIS is a diathesis for psychopathology. Results also suggest that interventions aimed at either depression or anxiety may improve the other mood state.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.20.110

Internal Consistency, Retest Reliability, and Their Implications for Personality Scale Validity Reviewed International coauthorship International journal Open Access

Robert R. McCrae, John E. Kurtz, Shinji Yamagata, Antonio Terracciano

PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page： 28 - 50 2011.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

The authors examined data (N = 34,108) on the differential reliability and validity of facet scales from the NEO Inventories. They evaluated the extent to which (a) psychometric properties of facet scales are generalizable across ages, cultures, and methods of measurement, and, (b) validity criteria are associated with different forms of reliability. Composite estimates of facet scale stability, heritability, and cross-observer validity were broadly generalizable. Two estimates of retest reliability were independent predictors of the three validity criteria; none of three estimates of internal consistency was. Available evidence suggests the same pattern of results for other personality inventories. Internal consistency of scales can be useful as a check on data quality but appears to be of limited utility for evaluating the potential validity of developed scales, and it should not be used as a substitute for retest reliability. Further research on the nature and determinants of retest reliability is needed.

DOI： 10.1177/1088868310366253

Separation of Performance-Approach and Performance-Avoidance Achievement Goals: A Broader Analysis Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Kou Murayama, Andrew J. Elliot, Shinji Yamagata

JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Vol. 103 ( 1 ) page： 238 - 256 2011.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC

In the literature on achievement goals, performance-approach goals (striving to do better than others) and performance-avoidance goals (striving to avoid doing worse than others) tend to exhibit a moderate to high correlation, raising questions about whether the 2 goals represent distinct constructs. In the current article, we sought to examine the separability of these 2 goals using a broad factor-analytic approach that attended to issues that have been overlooked or underexamined in prior research. Five studies provided strong evidence for the separation of these 2 goal constructs: Separation was observed not only with exploratory factor analysis across different age groups and countries (Studies 1a and 1b) but also with change analysis (Study 2), ipsative factor analysis (Study 3), within-person analysis (Study 4), and behavioral genetics analysis (Study 5). We conclude by discussing the implications of the present research for the achievement goal literature, as well as the psychological literature in general.

DOI： 10.1037/a0021948

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