受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞 

担当区分：最終著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.87.0_3b-063-pp

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　最終著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.87.0_1c-007-pb

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.86.0_3am-021-ph

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.86.0_3pm-004-pb

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Affective Disorders  

Background: The comorbidity of depression and anxiety is associated with an increased risk of prolonged adverse mental health status. However, little is currently known about their genetic and environmental influences that help to explain both the comorbidity and distinctiveness. Using longitudinal twin data, the present study investigated both the overlapping and distinct relationships between depression and anxiety viewed from the perspective of Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST): two personality traits of the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS and BAS). Methods: A total of 422 twin pairs (298 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic pairs) participated by completing a personality questionnaire at wave 1, and mood symptoms questionnaires at wave 2. The waves were on average 2.23 years apart. Results: Multivariate Cholesky decomposition indicated that the genetic variance of the personality traits (BIS and BAS) explained all of the genetic variance in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, genetic factors related to the BIS positively explained depressive and anxiety symptoms, whereas genetic factors related to the BAS negatively explained only depressive symptoms. Limitations: Limitations include shorter time interval and the reliance on self-reported data. Conclusions: The present study provided evidence explaining the overlap and differentiation of depressive and anxiety symptoms by using data on personality traits in a longitudinal, genetically-informative design. The findings suggested the personality traits from Gray's RST model played an important role in the prediction, and clarified the description, of both depressive and anxiety symptoms.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports  

Using a genetically informative design (about 2000 twin pairs), we investigated the phenotypic and genetic and environmental architecture of a broad construct of conscientiousness (including conscientiousness per se, effortful control, self-control, and grit). These four different measures were substantially correlated; the coefficients ranged from 0.74 (0.72–0.76) to 0.79 (0.76–0.80). Univariate genetic analyses revealed that individual differences in conscientiousness measures were moderately attributable to additive genetic factors, to an extent ranging from 62 (58–65) to 64% (61–67%); we obtained no evidence that shared environmental influences were observed. Multivariate genetic analyses showed that for the four measures used to assess conscientiousness, genetic correlations were stronger than the corresponding non-shared environmental correlations, and that a latent common factor accounted for over 84% of the genetic variance. Our findings suggest that individual differences in the four measures of conscientiousness are not distinguishable at both the phenotypic and behavioural genetic levels, and that the overlap was substantially attributable to genetic factors.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-82781-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychological Medicine  

The phenotypic and aetiological architecture of depression symptomatology has been mostly studied in Western samples. In this study, we conducted a genetically informed factor analysis to elucidate both the phenotypic and aetiological architectures of self-reported depression among a Japanese adult twin sample.Methods Depressive symptoms assessed by Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale were self-rated by 425 twin pairs (301 monozygotic and 124 dizygotic twin pairs) in a community sample in Japan.Results An exploratory factor analysis extracted three symptom domains representing cognitive, affective and somatic symptomatology. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a bi-factor solution fitted better than the alternative solutions, implying that depression may be defined as a combination of a single general construct and three factors specific to each of the three symptom domains. A multivariate genetic analysis with the bi-factor solution showed that the general factor was substantially heritable (47%), and that only the affective symptom domain was significantly heritable (29%) among the three specific factors, their remaining variance being explained by non-shared environmental influences.Conclusions Depression symptomatology appears to be adequately captured by a substantially heritable general factor. The heritability of this factor (47%) in a Japanese adult sample is in line with commonly reported heritability estimates for depression. The three specific factors - cognitive, affective and somatic - are mostly explained by non-shared environmental factors, which include measurement error. The extent to which these specific factors are uniquely associated with correlates of depression when the general factor is accounted for should be investigated in future studies.

DOI： 10.1017/S0033291719001326

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychologia  

This study examined whether religiosity moderates the genetic and environmental etiology of the Big Five personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). Data from a nationwide sample of 549 twin pairs collected through the MacArthur Foundation National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States were analyzed. Analyses of a gene-environment interaction model revealed that religiosity moderated the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness; for those who were religious, environmental influences on Agreeableness and genetic influences on Conscientiousness were greater. Religiosity exhibited weak main effects on both traits, with higher religiosity contributing to higher levels of both traits. These results suggested that religiosity serves as a psychological immune system that restricts individuals' levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness within a religiously appropriate range, insulating them from internal and external forces. Implications for personality theory and molecular genetic research on personality and psychopathology are discussed.

DOI： 10.2117/psysoc.2020-B006

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Twin Research and Human Genetics  

The Keio Twin Research Center (KoTReC) was established in 2009 at Keio University to combine two longitudinal cohort projects - the Keio Twin Study (KTS) for adolescence and adulthood and the Tokyo Twin Cohort Project (ToTCoP) for infancy and childhood. KoTReC also conducted a two-time panel study of self-control and psychopathology in twin adolescence in 2012 and 2013 and three independent anonymous cross-sectional twin surveys (ToTcross) before 2012 - the ToTCross, the Junior and Senior High School Survey and the High School Survey. This article introduces the recent research designs of KoTReC and its publications.

DOI： 10.1017/thg.2019.109

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

DOI： 10.4992/pacjpa.83.0_3c-004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Personality and Individual Differences  

© 2017 The Authors This study used a behavioral genetic approach to examine the genetic and environmental etiology of stability and changes in self-esteem in relation to personality. Multiple genetic analyses were conducted on a longitudinal dataset of self-esteem and Big Five personality scores among young adult Japanese twins over the course of a decade. There were 1221 individuals for whom data were available on both self-esteem and the Big Five personality test at Time 1 and 365 at Time 2. The mean interval between the two times was 9.95 years. Genetic effects on self-esteem were robust, and the same genes were responsible for the stability of self-esteem in individuals over time. Nearly half of the variance in self-esteem was explained by a new genetic factor arising during the decade, suggesting that genetic innovation of self-esteem occurred in early adult life. The genetic and environmental covariance structure between personality and self-esteem in individuals was constant over a decade, providing evidence that the stability of self-esteem was largely attributable to personality. However, genetics for self-esteem independent of personality still contributed to stability over time, differentiating the concept of self-esteem from personality as a trait in terms of its genetic and environmental etiological levels.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Asian Economic Journal  

© 2017 East Asian Economic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd The objective of this article is to measure the causal effect of education on earnings using a large dataset of twins compiled in Japan with wide-ranging socioeconomic information. Recent research conducted in China showed that, contrary to the case in Western countries, ability bias is large in estimating the return to education. It is argued that the low rate of return in China is in part due to the competitive and exam-oriented education system, which is similar to the system in Japan. The empirical results in our study show that the estimated rate of return to education using the sample of identical twins in Japan is 9.3 percent even after omitted ability bias and measurement errors in self-reported schooling were corrected. Our findings suggest that the conventional OLS estimate is not significantly contaminated by potential biases in Japan.

DOI： 10.1111/asej.12113

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Sexual Behavior  

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. The present study examined: (1) gender and age differences of mean gender identity disorder (GID) trait scores in Japanese twins; (2) the validity of the prenatal hormone transfer theory, which predicts that, in dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, twins with an opposite-gender co-twin more frequently exhibit GID traits than twins with a same-gender co-twin; and (3) the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on GID traits as a function of age and gender. Data from 1450 male twin pairs, 1882 female twin pairs, and 1022 DZ male–female pairs ranging from 3 to 26 years of age were analyzed. To quantify individual variances in GID traits, each participant completed four questionnaire items based on criteria for GID from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Our most important findings were: (1) Japanese females exhibited GID traits more frequently than males and Japanese children exhibited GID traits less frequently than adolescents and adults (among females, the prevalence was 1.6 % in children, 10 % in adolescents, and 12 % in adults; among males, the prevalence was 0.5, 2, and 3 %, respectively); (2) the data did not support the prenatal hormone transfer theory for GID traits; and (3) a large part of the variance for GID traits in children was accounted for by familial factors; however, the magnitude was found to be greater in children than in adolescents or adults, particularly among females. This study suggests that although the prevalence is likely to increase, familial effects are likely to decrease as individuals age.

DOI： 10.1007/s10508-016-0821-4

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：九州大学基幹教育院  

This study developed Multi-Dimensional Active Learner Scale and examined its reliability and validity. Forty five items were developed in reference to the aims of KlKAN Education in Kyushu University. A questionnaire survey was completed by 353 undergraduate students. Results of exploratory factor analyses on the 45 items suggested six-factor solution, and 20 items were selected to achieve both ease of administration and reasonable reliability. The resultant scale consisted of six subscales: inquisitiveness, collaborative learning skills, striving to achievement, critical thinking, logical thinking, and perspective on university life. Confirmatory factor analysis on 20 items showed adequate fit. The overall scale and six subscales showed reasonable internal consistency (Cronbach's a = .86 for the overall scale, a = .62-.78 for the subscales). Correlations with self-directed learning, experience on group learning, and Big Five personality items suggested construct validity of the scale.

DOI： 10.15017/1650904

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Psychology  

© 2015 Shikishima, Hiraishi, Yamagata, Ando and Okada. Why does decision making differ among individuals? People sometimes make seemingly inconsistent decisions with lower expected (monetary) utility even when objective information of probabilities and reward are provided. It is noteworthy, however, that a certain proportion of people do not provide anomalous responses, choosing the alternatives with higher expected utility, thus appearing to be more "rational." We investigated the genetic and environmental influences on these types of individual differences in decision making using a classical Allais problem task. Participants were 1,199 Japanese adult twins aged 20-47. Univariate genetic analysis revealed that approximately a third of the Allais problem response variance was explained by genetic factors and the rest by environmental factors unique to individuals and measurement error. The environmental factor shared between families did not contribute to the variance. Subsequent multivariate genetic analysis clarified that decision making using the expected utility theory was associated with general intelligence and that the association was largely mediated by the same genetic factor. We approach the mechanism underlying two types of "rational" decision making from the perspective of genetic correlations with cognitive abilities.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01712

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Personality and Individual Differences  

© 2015. Little is known about why people differ in their levels of academic motivation. This study explored the etiology of individual differences in enjoyment and self-perceived ability for several school subjects in nearly 13,000 twins aged 9-16 from 6 countries. The results showed a striking consistency across ages, school subjects, and cultures. Contrary to common belief, enjoyment of learning and children's perceptions of their competence were no less heritable than cognitive ability. Genetic factors explained approximately 40% of the variance and all of the observed twins' similarity in academic motivation. Shared environmental factors, such as home or classroom, did not contribute to the twin's similarity in academic motivation. Environmental influences stemmed entirely from individual specific experiences.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.006

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Psychology  

© 2015 Hiraishi, Shikishima, Yamagata and Ando. Prosociality is one of the most distinctive features of human beings but there are individual differences in cooperative behavior. Employing the twin method, we examined the heritability of cooperativeness and its outcomes on public goods games using a strategy method. In two experiments (Study 1 and Study 2), twin participants were asked to indicate 1) how much they would contribute to a group when they did not know how much the other group members were contributing, and 2) how much they would contribute if they knew the contributions of others. Overall, the heritability estimates were relatively small for each type of decision, but heritability was greater when participants knew that the others had made larger contributions. Using registered decisions in Study 2, we conducted five Monte Carlo simulations to examine genetic and environmental influences on the expected game payoffs. For the simulated one-shot game, the heritability estimates were small, comparable to those of game decisions. For the simulated iterated games, we found that the genetic influences first decreased, then increased as the numbers of iterations grew. The implication for the evolution of individual differences in prosociality is discussed.

DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00373

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychologia  

This study examined how the personality traits of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. We used two-wave short-term longitudinal data from 319 students. Data collections were two months apart. Personality traits were assessed using Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS and BAS). After conirming simple correlations, hierarchical regressions were conducted to test how residual changes or unique variances in psychopathology were predicted by the personality traits. Findings revealed that high BIS sensitivity predicted both anxiety and depression, while low BAS sensitivity predicted only depression. These results suggest that hyperactive BIS functions as a predictor for general distress, and that hypoactive BAS functions as a unique predictor for depression.

DOI： 10.2117/psysoc.2015.15

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：九州大学基幹教育院  

DOI： 10.15017/1495422

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：国立大学入学者選抜研究連絡協議会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Social Psychological and Personality Science  

A cultural behavior genetic approach was introduced as a prospective means to describe psychological differences between cultures. We compared genetic and environmental influences on remembered parenting for samples of twins from Japan and Sweden. Data were collected from 720 pairs of young adult Japanese twins and 824 pairs of adult Swedish twins using the Parental Bonding Instrument. In both samples, a very similar phenotypic factor structure was developed for maternal and paternal parenting. However, the genetic and environmental contributions were different. Parenting in Japan showed more genetic influences, whereas parenting in Sweden showed more shared environmental influences. Moreover, covariation among the six dimensions of parenting (i.e., maternal and paternal Warmth, Protectiveness, and Authoritarianism) was due to genetic correlations in Japan and to shared environmental correlations in Sweden. These results are consistent with the cultural psychology argument that parenting practices are child centered in Japan but parent centered in the West. © The Author(s) 2012.

DOI： 10.1177/1948550612460058

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Twin Research and Human Genetics  

The Keio Twin Research Center has conducted two longitudinal twin cohort projects and has collected three independent and anonymous twin data sets for studies of phenotypes related to psychological, socio-economic, and mental health factors. The Keio Twin Study has examined adolescent and adult cohorts, with a total of over 2,400 pairs of twins and their parents. DNA samples are available for approximately 600 of these twin pairs. The Tokyo Twin Cohort Project has followed a total of 1,600 twin pairs from infancy to early childhood. The large-scale cross-sectional twin study (CROSS) has collected data from over 4,000 twin pairs, from 3 to 26 years of age, and from two high school twin cohorts containing a total of 1,000 pairs of twins. These data sets of anonymous twin studies have mainly targeted academic performance, attitude, and social environment. The present article introduces the research designs and major findings of our center, such as genetic structures of cognitive abilities, personality traits, and academic performances, developmental effects of genes and environment on attitude, socio-cognitive ability and parenting, genes x environment interaction on attitude and conduct problem, and statistical methodological challenges and so on. We discuss the challenges in conducting twin research in Japan. Copyright © The Authors 2013.

DOI： 10.1017/thg.2012.131

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Developmental Science  

This twin study examined the bidirectional relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and children's peer problems that were not confounded by genetic and family environmental factors. Mothers of 259 monozygotic twin pairs reported parenting behaviors and peer problems when twins were 42 and 48 months. Path analyses on monozygotic twin difference scores revealed that authoritative parenting (the presence of consistent discipline and lack of harsh parenting) and peer problems simultaneously influenced each other. Authoritative parenting reduced peer problems, and peer problems increased authoritative parenting. Neither consistent discipline nor harsh parenting alone was associated with peer problems. These results suggest that maternal authoritative parenting works protectively in regard to children's peer problems, and peer problems can evoke such effective parenting. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/desc.12021

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology  

This study investigated the association between negative parenting (NP) and conduct problems (CP) in 6-year-old twins, taking into account the severity of hyperactivity/inattention problems (HIAP). Analyses of the data from 1,677 pairs of twins and their parents revealed that the shared environmental covariance between NP and CP was moderated by the level of HIAP but not by CP or NP, where the shared environmental covariance was larger in children with higher levels of HIAP than in children with lower levels of HIAP. The genetic covariance between NP and CP was not moderated by the level of HIAP, whereas it was larger in the group with lower levels of CP and NP than in the group with higher levels. These results suggest that severe HIAP strengthens shared environmental associations between NP and CP and that interventions focusing on the shared environmental component of NP would be effective for parents and children with severe HIAP. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.

DOI： 10.1007/s10802-011-9559-6

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Developmental Science  

Although growth in head circumference (HC) during infancy is known to predict later childhood outcomes, the mechanisms underlying this association with later sociocognitive abilities remain undetermined. Thus, using a sample of 241 pairs of normally developing Japanese twins, this study investigated the underpinnings of the association between HC growth (difference between HC at birth and at 10months) and sociocognitive abilities at 19months as measured by 10 items from the M-CHAT. Phenotypic correlations between HC at birth and sociocognitive abilities and between HC growth and sociocognitive abilities were marginal and not significant. However, multivariate genetic analyses using Cholesky decomposition revealed that genetic influences on HC growth and those on sociocognitive abilities were negatively associated. On the other hand, shared and nonshared environmental influences on HC growth were positively associated with influences on sociocognitive abilities. Genetic and environmental influences on HC at birth were not significantly associated with influences on sociocognitive abilities. These results help to clarify the role of brain growth during infancy in the subsequent development of sociocognitive abilities and highlight the importance of examining the different roles of genetic and environmental influences in studies of these areas. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01097.x

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

本研究は，Grayが提案した気質である行動抑制系（BIS）と抑うつ，不安感情の間の因果の方向性について検討した。双生児424組のデータに対し，横断的家族データから変数間の因果関係を推測する方法である「因果の方向性モデル」を適用した。（1）BISが抑うつ，不安に影響を与える，（2）抑うつ，不安がBISに影響を与える，（3）両者が相互に影響を与え合う，（4）両者の相関関係は第三変数による擬似相関である，という4つの可能性を検討したところ，抑うつ，不安いずれについてもBISが影響を与えるとするモデルの当てはまりが最もよかった。次に，抑うつ，不安の間の因果の方向性を検討したところ，抑うつと不安は相互に正の影響を与え合うとするモデルの当てはまりが最もよかった。以上より，BISが様々な精神病理の素因であるとする従来の考え方が支持され，また抑うつ，不安一方への介入が他方の改善にも有用である可能性が示唆された。

DOI： 10.2132/personality.20.110

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/1088868310366253

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1037/a0021948

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.intell.2011.01.002

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本社会心理学会  

Factors contributing to individual differences of empathy were examined using behavioral genetics methodology. Data related to individual levels of empathy and parental warmth received during childhood were collected from approximately 450 pairs of twins (ages 14-33). A bivariate model analysis clarified that shared family environmental factors did not contribute to the formation of empathy. No common shared environmental factors were detected between empathy and parental warmth, either. The positive correlation between the two variables was mediated principally by genetics. The result does not support socialization theory, which holds that warm parenting nurtures children's empathy. However, the subsequent gene-environment interaction model analysis revealed that shared family environmental factors significantly affected the formation of empathy for those with high or very low parental warmth. The results imply that individuals with a strong or very weak attachment to their parents were more influenced by the shared family environment.

DOI： 10.14966/jssp.KJ00007141808

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1027/1614-0001/a000029

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

This study investigated the possible effects of genetic and environmental gender differences in effect on individual differences by using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) with twins. A sex/gender-limitation analysis, a behavior genetics methodology was used to the following: (a) effects of gender-specific genes, (b) gender differences in quantitative genetic effects, (c) effects of gender-specific shared environment, (d) gender differences of quantitative shared environment, and (e) gender differences of quantitative nonshared environment. Participants were adolescent and adult twins, including 111 identical male pairs, 241 identical female pairs, 36 fraternal male pairs, 65 fraternal female pairs, and 58 opposite-gender pairs. The results indicated that although masculinity and femininity were explained by genetic factors to some extent, there were no significant gender differences in the genetic factors. Moreover, because our data did not support a model which explained gender differences in the effects of specific common environment factors, no evidence was found to support the prenatal hormonal hypothesis or the existence of parenting which encouraged children's gender role personality.

DOI： 10.4992/jjpsy.80.330

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本性科学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.442

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.07.004

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：数理社会学会  

観測された形質の分散を、「遺伝」「共有環境」「非共有環境」という3つの潜在変数の寄与に分割して推定させる行動遺伝学の方法論を用いて、権威主義的伝統主義の形成に関わる要因について検討した。4111名（12～26歳の男性双生児1279名、女性双生児1889名、および双生児の父親83名、母親860名）から権威主義的伝統主義尺度の回答を得た。一卵性双生児912組、二卵性双生児630組を対象とした双生児モデルによる分析は、権威主義的伝統主義の分散を遺伝33％、非共有環境67％で説明し、双生児親子モデルによる分析においても、結果は同等であった。これより、権威主義的伝統主義の家族内伝達を媒介するのは専ら遺伝であり、文化伝達ではないことが示された。権威主義の形成を親の養育、あるいはその家の社会背景によって説明するこれまでの理論には異議が唱えられる。遺伝を説明変数に含めた、より精緻な伝達モデルの有用性が提起される。

DOI： 10.11218/ojjams.23.2_105

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.030

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

本研究は,Grayの強化感受性理論(Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory)に基づいた2つの気質次元,行動抑制系(Behavioral Inhibition System)と行動賦活系(Behavioral Activation System)について,日本語版尺度の信頼性・妥当性の検討(研究1),生物学的基盤との対応関係の検討(研究2)を行った。研究1では,大学生446名を対象に質問紙調査を行い,Carver & White(1994)が作成した尺度の日本語版の信頼性を確認した。また,因子的妥当性,構成概念妥当性の検討を行い,十分な結果を得た。研究2では,慶應義塾双生児プロジェクトによって集められた双生児を対象に質問紙調査を実施し,293組から有効な回答を得た。行動遺伝学的解析の結果,BISとBASは遺伝要因によって部分的に説明され,お互いに独立な遺伝因子から寄与を受けていることが分かった。

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.276

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

本研究は，人間行動遺伝学と双生児研究の方法，とりわけ多変量遺伝分析について紹介し，その適用例として4–6歳児の気質と問題行動の関連性を検討した。双生児の母親142名に対し質問紙調査を行い，子どものエフォートフル・コントロール (EC) および外在化問題，内在化問題についての評定を得た。表現型の相関を検討した結果，外在化問題と内在化問題は中程度の正の相関を示し (<i>r</i>=.55)，またECは外在化 (<i>r</i>=−.42)，内在化 (<i>r</i>=−.18) のいずれの問題行動とも負の相関を示した。多変量遺伝分析の結果，ECを低めるような遺伝的影響は同時に両方の問題行動のリスクを高めるような働きをすることがわかり，ECの低さが両問題行動の共通の遺伝的素因である可能性が示唆された。また，外在化問題と内在化問題の相関関係には遺伝 (22.8%)，共有環境 (53.4%)，非共有環境 (23.8%) のいずれもが寄与していた。問題行動間の相関関係への遺伝要因の寄与は相対的に小さかったが，これはECに関わる遺伝要因が両問題行動を正に相関させるように働くのに対し，ECとは関連しない遺伝要因が両問題行動を負に相関させるように働くため，互いに相殺しあった結果である可能性が示唆された。

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.103

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.033

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Scopus

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1037/0022-3514.90.6.987

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PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

本研究は, 成人用エフォートフル・コントロール(EC)尺度日本語版を作成し, その信頼性・妥当性の検討を行った.研究1では, 大学生, 専門学校生209名を対象に質問紙調査を行い, 日本語版EC尺度とその下位尺度が必要な内的一貫性, 再検査信頼性を持つことを確認した.また, 新奇性追求, 損害回避, ビッグ・ファイブのパーソナリティ次元, および抑うつ・不安との関連性から, 尺度の構成概念妥当性が支持された.研究2では, 日本語版EC尺度が単なる自己認知のみでなく実際の実行注意を測定しているか否かを検討するため, 研究1の参加者のうち大学生47名を対象にストループ課題を行い, 干渉効果の程度と日本語版EC尺度との関連を検討した.日本語版EC尺度合計および「行動抑制の制御」下位尺度は一致試行における誤反応率と負の相関を示し, また尺度合計および「行動抑制の制御」, 「注意の制御」下位尺度は干渉効果の大きさと負に相関した.この結果から, 尺度の基準関連妥当性が確認された.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.14.30

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

DOI： 10.2132/personality.13.267

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.003

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Scopus

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1521/pedi.18.4.379.40345

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PubMed

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

DOI： 10.2132/personality.2003.30

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記述言語：日本語

CiNii Books

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記述言語：日本語

CiNii Books

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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DOI： 10.1007/s10508-016-0821-4

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DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01712

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.006

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DOI： 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00373

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記述言語：英語  

Web of Science

This study examined how the personality traits of behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. We used two-wave short-term longitudinal data from 319 students. Data collections were two months apart. Personality traits were assessed using Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems (BIS and BAS). After conirming simple correlations, hierarchical regressions were conducted to test how residual changes or unique variances in psychopathology were predicted by the personality traits. Findings revealed that high BIS sensitivity predicted both anxiety and depression, while low BAS sensitivity predicted only depression. These results suggest that hyperactive BIS functions as a predictor for general distress, and that hypoactive BAS functions as a unique predictor for depression.

DOI： 10.2117/psysoc.2015.15

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

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記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本双生児研究学会  

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DOI： 10.1177/1948550612460058

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DOI： 10.1111/desc.12021

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DOI： 10.1017/thg.2012.131

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会  

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本双生児研究学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：日本語  

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DOI： 10.1007/s10802-011-9559-6

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PubMed

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DOI： 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01097.x

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.2132/personality.20.110

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：日本語  

Factors contributing to individual differences of empathy were examined using behavioral genetics methodology. Data related to individual levels of empathy and parental warmth received during childhood were collected from approximately 450 pairs of twins (ages 14-33). A bivariate model analysis clarified that shared family environmental factors did not contribute to the formation of empathy. No common shared environmental factors were detected between empathy and parental warmth, either. The positive correlation between the two variables was mediated principally by genetics. The result does not support socialization theory, which holds that warm parenting nurtures children's empathy. However, the subsequent gene-environment interaction model analysis revealed that shared family environmental factors significantly affected the formation of empathy for those with high or very low parental warmth. The results imply that individuals with a strong or very weak attachment to their parents were more influenced by the shared family environment.

Scopus

記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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PubMed

DOI： 10.1016/j.intell.2011.01.002

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DOI： 10.1177/1088868310366253

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PubMed

J-GLOBAL

DOI： 10.1037/a0021948

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：不明  

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1063/1.3524543

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：エヌ・ティー・エス  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本行動計量学会  

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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DOI： 10.1027/1614-0001/a000029

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1143/JJAP.48.120214

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本性科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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DOI： 10.1016/j.intell.2008.10.010

Web of Science

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009. All rights reserved. Gordon Allport (1937) has penned some of the most influential lines in the history of personality research. He defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique [sic] adjustments to this environment (p. 48) and that personality is something and personality does something (p. 48). Together, these lines neatly summarize the primary mission of personality research: (1) the characterization of enduring qualities that give rise to regularities and consistencies in behaviour and the organization of these qualities and (2) how they achieve coherent functioning to actively adapt to the social environment (Livesley & Jang, 2005). As a result, much of mainstream personality research has been directed towards determining the number of basic traits, their organization, how they can be measured reliably, and the relationship between normal personality function and personality disorder.

DOI： 10.1007/978-0-387-76727-7_16

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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With the use of behavioral genetics methodology, in which variance of an observed trait can be decomposed into the effect of three latent variables, that is, genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental, factors contributing to the formation of authoritarian conservatism were examined. 4111 participants (1279 male twins and 1899 female twins between the ages of 12-26, as well as 83 fathers and 860 mothers of the twins) responded to the Authoritarian Conservatism Scale. The twin model analysis employing 912 pairs of identical and 630 pairs of fraternal twins accounted for 33% of the variance of authoritarian conservatism by genetics, and 67% by nonshared environment. The subsequent twin parentoffspring model analysis also produced a very similar result. Thus, it was revealed that what mediated the familial transmission of authoritarian conservatism was genetics, not cultural transmission. Theories explaining the formation of authoritarianism by parenting or social background of the family are not supported. Transmission models can be further elaborated by including genetics as a predictable variable.

Scopus

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

Web of Science

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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DOI： 10.1037/a0013545

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DOI： 10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.442

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DOI： 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.07.004

Web of Science

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：数理社会学会  

観測された形質の分散を、「遺伝」「共有環境」「非共有環境」という3つの潜在変数の寄与に分割して推定させる行動遺伝学の方法論を用いて、権威主義的伝統主義の形成に関わる要因について検討した。4111名（12～26歳の男性双生児1279名、女性双生児1889名、および双生児の父親83名、母親860名）から権威主義的伝統主義尺度の回答を得た。一卵性双生児912組、二卵性双生児630組を対象とした双生児モデルによる分析は、権威主義的伝統主義の分散を遺伝33％、非共有環境67％で説明し、双生児親子モデルによる分析においても、結果は同等であった。これより、権威主義的伝統主義の家族内伝達を媒介するのは専ら遺伝であり、文化伝達ではないことが示された。権威主義の形成を親の養育、あるいはその家の社会背景によって説明するこれまでの理論には異議が唱えられる。遺伝を説明変数に含めた、より精緻な伝達モデルの有用性が提起される。

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.030

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DOI： 10.1375/twin.10.4.564

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J-GLOBAL

記述言語：日本語  

本研究は,Grayの強化感受性理論(Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory)に基づいた2つの気質次元,行動抑制系(Behavioral Inhibition System)と行動賦活系(Behavioral Activation System)について,日本語版尺度の信頼性・妥当性の検討(研究1),生物学的基盤との対応関係の検討(研究2)を行った。研究1では,大学生446名を対象に質問紙調査を行い,Carver & White(1994)が作成した尺度の日本語版の信頼性を確認した。また,因子的妥当性,構成概念妥当性の検討を行い,十分な結果を得た。研究2では,慶應義塾双生児プロジェクトによって集められた双生児を対象に質問紙調査を実施し,293組から有効な回答を得た。行動遺伝学的解析の結果,BISとBASは遺伝要因によって部分的に説明され,お互いに独立な遺伝因子から寄与を受けていることが分かった。

DOI： 10.2132/personality.15.276

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

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DOI： 10.1375/twin.9.6.817

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DOI： 10.1375/183242706779462480

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）  

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There is empirical evidence that underlying the Big Five personality factors are two higher-order factors which have come to be known as "alpha" (α) and "beta" (β). The α factor is defined by the agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability domains; whereas β is delineated by extraversion and intellect. It has been argued that α and β are important constructs because they bridge the gap between psychometric studies of personality and theories of personality development. However, it is unclear if α and β are constructs that can be reliably reproduced across a diverse range of independent samples. In a sample of 1209 MZ and 701 DZ twin pairs from Canada, Germany, and Japan who completed the NEO-PI-R, factorial analyses of the five NEO-PI-R domains extracted two factors resembling α and β. Subsequent multivariate genetic analyses revealed that this factor structure was a clear reflection of the organizing effects of multiple genetic influences, providing evidence for α and β as stable heuristic devices that can be used to integrate personality measurement and developmental theory. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.033

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

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記述言語：英語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本心理学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1521/pedi.2004.18.4.379

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.2132/personality.2003.30

記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本パーソナリティ心理学会  

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開催年月日： 2024年8月

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開催年月日： 2024年2月

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開催地：San Diego Convention Center  

開催年月日： 2023年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

開催年月日： 2023年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

開催地：兵庫県神戸市   国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2023年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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国名：グレートブリテン・北アイルランド連合王国(英国)  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：立命館大学  

開催年月日： 2023年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2022年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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開催年月日： 2021年8月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（公募）  

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開催年月日： 2021年2月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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開催年月日： 2021年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2021年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）