記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Plant Journal  

Improving crop yield potential through an enhanced response to rising atmospheric CO2 levels is an effective strategy for sustainable crop production in the face of climate change. Large-sized panicles (containing many spikelets per panicle) have been a recent ideal plant architecture (IPA) for high-yield rice breeding. However, few breeding programs have proposed an IPA under the projected climate change. Here, we demonstrate through the cloning of the rice (Oryza sativa) quantitative trait locus for MORE PANICLES 3 (MP3) that the improvement in panicle number increases grain yield at elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. MP3 is a natural allele of OsTB1/FC1, previously reported as a negative regulator of tiller bud outgrowth. The temperate japonica allele advanced the developmental process in axillary buds, moderately promoted tillering, and increased the panicle number without negative effects on the panicle size or culm thickness in a high-yielding indica cultivar with large-sized panicles. The MP3 allele, containing three exonic polymorphisms, was observed in most accessions in the temperate japonica subgroups but was rarely observed in the indica subgroup. No selective sweep at MP3 in either the temperate japonica or indica subgroups suggested that MP3 has not been involved and utilized in artificial selection during domestication or breeding. A free-air CO2 enrichment experiment revealed a clear increase of grain yield associated with the temperate japonica allele at elevated atmospheric CO2 levels. Our findings show that the moderately increased panicle number combined with large-sized panicles using MP3 could be a novel IPA and contribute to an increase in rice production under climate change with rising atmospheric CO2 levels.

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.16143

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Small  

Achieving the direct growth of an ultrathin gate insulator with high uniformity and high quality on monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) remains a challenge due to the chemically inert surface of TMDCs. Although the main solution for this challenge is utilizing buffer layers before oxide is deposited on the atomic layer, this method drastically degrades the total capacitance of the gate stack. In this work, we constructed a novel direct high-κ Er2O3 deposition system based on thermal evaporation in a differential-pressure-type chamber. A uniform Er2O3 layer with an equivalent oxide thickness of 1.1 nm was achieved as the gate insulator for top-gated MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs). The top gate Er2O3 insulator without the buffer layer on MoS2 exhibited a high dielectric constant that reached 18.0, which is comparable to that of bulk Er2O3 and is the highest among thin insulators (< 10 nm) on TMDCs to date. Furthermore, the Er2O3/MoS2 interface (Dit ≈ 6 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1) is confirmed to be clean and is comparable with that of the h-BN/MoS2 heterostructure. These results prove that high-quality dielectric properties with retained interface quality can be achieved by this novel deposition technique, facilitating the future development of 2D electronics.

DOI： 10.1002/smll.202207394

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出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Factors associated with serious colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) are unclear, although the incidence of CDB has increased. We carried out this study to clarify factors associated with serious CDB and rebleeding. Subjects included 329 consecutive patients hospitalized for confirmed or suspected CDB between 2004 and 2021. Patients were surveyed regarding backgrounds, treatment, and clinical course. Of 152 with confirmed CDB, 112 showed bleeding from the right colon, and 40 did from the left colon. Patients received red blood cell transfusions in 157 (47.7%), interventional radiology in 13 (4.0%), and surgery in 6 (1.8%) cases. Early rebleeding within one month occurred in 75 (22.8%) patients, and late rebleeding within one year occurred in 62 (18.8%). Factors associated with red blood cell transfusion included confirmed CDB, anticoagulants, and high shock index. The only factor related to interventional radiology or surgery was confirmed CDB, which was also associated with early rebleeding. Late rebleeding was associated with hypertension, chronic kidney disease and past CDB. Right CDB showed higher rates of transfusion and invasive treatment than left CDB. Confirmed CDB had high frequencies of transfusion, invasive treatment, and early rebleeding. Right CDB seemed to be a risk for serious disease. Factors related to late rebleeding were different from those related to early rebleeding of CDB.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm12051826

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出版者・発行元：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

Skyline computations are a way of finding the best data points based on multiple criteria for location-based decision-making. However, as the input data grows larger, these computations become slower and more challenging. To address this issue, we propose an efficient algorithm that uses Apache Spark, a platform for distributed processing, to perform area skyline computations faster and more salable. Our algorithm consists of three main phases: calculating distances between data points, generating distance tuples, and computing the skyline. In the second phase, we apply a technique called local partial skyline extraction, which reduces the amount of data that needs to be sent from each executor (a parallel processing unit) to the driver (a central processing unit). The driver then computes the final skyline from the received data and creates filters to eliminate irrelevant points. Our experiments show that our algorithm can significantly reduce the data size and the computation time of the area skyline.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-40292-0_4

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Prosthetics and Orthotics International  

Background:Postoperative protocols after surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture have not been standardized to date. There are only a few reports on the efficacy of heel-unloading orthoses (HUOs; Mars shoe, Graffin orthosis), and thier efficacy is uncertain.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative radiologic and clinical outcomes in patients with calcaneal fractures who used Graffin orthosis.Study design:Multicenter retrospective study.Methods:We finally extracted 182 patients from a database of the Trauma Research Group of Nagoya and divided them into two groups: group C (underwent casting or splinting only) and group O (Graffin orthosis was used). A propensity score algorithm was used to match group C to group O in a 1:1 ratio. We evaluated American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at three and six months after surgery and at final follow-up. Differences in reduction of the Böhler angle between the two groups were evaluated radiographically. All data were analyzed with a t-Test or Fisher's exact test. P <.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The AOFAS score 3 months after surgery in group O was significantly higher than that in group C (69.57 vs. 77.22; P =.004). However, there were no statistically significant differences between group C vs. group O in AOFAS scores at 6 months after surgery and at final follow-up (81.92 vs. 85.67 and 89.18 vs. 88.13; P =.087 and 0.597, respectively). There was no significant statistical difference in the reduction of the Böhler angle (5.07 vs. 5.89; P =.529).Conclusions:At 3 months postoperatively, the orthosis group showed predominantly better functional results. We believe that heel-unloading orthoses are useful for patients who require an early return to work and to daily life.

DOI： 10.1097/PXR.0000000000000168

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出版者・発行元：Respiratory Research  

Background: Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) carrying bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (Bmpr2) mutations present earlier with severe hemodynamic compromise and have poorer survival outcomes than those without mutation. The mechanism underlying the worsening clinical phenotype of PAH with Bmpr2 mutations has been largely unaddressed in rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of the difficulty in reproducing progressive PH in mice and genetic modification in rats. We tested whether a clinically-relevant Bmpr2 mutation affects the progressive features of monocrotaline (MCT) induced-PH in rats. Methods: A monoallelic single nucleotide insertion in exon 1 of Bmpr2 (+/44insG) was generated in rats using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9, then PH, pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and survival after MCT injection with or without a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, administration were assessed. Results: The +/44insG rats had reduced BMPR2 signalling in the lungs compared with wild-type. PH and PVD assessed at 3-weeks after MCT injection were similar in wild-type and +/44insG rats. However, survival at 4-weeks after MCT injection was significantly reduced in +/44insG rats. Among the rats surviving at 4-weeks after MCT administration, +/44insG rats had increased weight ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle plus septum (RV/[LV + S]) and % medial wall thickness (MWT) in pulmonary arteries (PAs). Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased vessels with Ki67-positive cells in the lungs, decreased mature and increased immature smooth muscle cell phenotype markers in the PAs in +/44insG rats compared with wild-type at 3-weeks after MCT injection. Contraction of PA in response to prostaglandin-F2α and endothelin-1 were significantly reduced in the +/44insG rats. The +/44insG rats that had received tadalafil had a worse survival with a significant increase in RV/(LV + S), %MWT in distal PAs and RV myocardial fibrosis compared with wild-type. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the Bmpr2 mutation promotes dedifferentiation of PA smooth muscle cells, late PVD and RV myocardial fibrosis and adversely impacts both the natural and post-treatment courses of MCT-PH in rats with significant effects only in the late stages and warrants preclinical studies using this new genetic model to optimize treatment outcomes of heritable PAH.

DOI： 10.1186/s12931-022-02005-w

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.11236/jph.22-020

PubMed

出版者・発行元：American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology  

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease, which is characterized by occlusive pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in small pulmonary arteries. It remains unknown whether perinatal insults aggravate occlusive PVD later in life. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal hypoxia aggravates PVD and survival in rats. PVD was induced in rats with/without perinatal hypoxia (embryonic day 14 to postnatal day 3) by injecting SU5416 at 7 wk of age and subsequent exposure to hypoxia for 3 wk (SU5416/ hypoxia). Hemodynamic and morphological analyses were performed in rats with/without perinatal hypoxia at 7 wk of age (baseline rats, n = 12) and at 15 wk of age in 4 groups of rats: SU5416/hypoxia or control rats with/without perinatal hypoxia (n = 40). Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from the baseline rats with/without perinatal hypoxia were used to assess cell proliferation, inflammation, and genomic DNA methylation profile. Although perinatal hypoxia alone did not affect survival, physiological, or pathological parameters at baseline or at the end of the experimental period in controls, perinatal hypoxia decreased weight gain and survival rate and increased right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and indices of PVD in SU5416/hypoxia rats. Perinatal hypoxia alone accelerated the proliferation and inflammation of cultured PASMCs from baseline rats, which was associated with DNA methylation. In conclusion, we established the first fatal animal model of PAH with worsening hemodynamics and occlusive PVD elicited by perinatal hypoxia, which was associated with hyperproliferative, proinflammatory, and epigenetic changes in cultured PASMCs. These findings provide insights into the treatment and prevention of occlusive PVD.

DOI： 10.1152/ajplung.00422.2021

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Life  

Humans are exposed to both psychological stress (PS) and radiation in some scenarios such as manned deep-space missions. It is of great concern to verify possible enhanced deleterious effects from such concurrent exposure. Pioneer studies showed that chronic restraint-induced PS (CRIPS) could attenuate Trp53 functions and increase gamma-ray-induced carcinogenesis in Trp53-heterozygous mice while CRIPS did not significantly modify the effects on X-ray-induced hemato-poietic toxicity in Trp53 wild-type mice. As high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is the most important component of space radiation in causing biological effects, we further investigated the effects of CRIPS on high-LET iron-particle radiation (Fe)-induced hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53-heterozygous mice. The results showed that CRIPS alone could hardly induce significant alteration in hematological parameters (peripheral hemogram and micronucleated erythrocytes in bone mar-row) while concurrent exposure caused elevated genotoxicity measured as micronucleus incidence in erythrocytes. Particularly, exposure to either CRISP or Fe-particle radiation at a low dose (0.1 Gy) did not induce a marked increase in the micronucleus incidence; however, concurrent exposure caused a significantly higher increase in the micronucleus incidence. These findings indicated that CRIPS could enhance the deleterious effects of high-LET radiation, particularly at a low dose, on the hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53-heterozygous mice.

DOI： 10.3390/life12040565

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Epilepsy and Behavior  

Purpose: This multicenter study examined the effectiveness and tolerability of lacosamide (LCM) for children and young adults with epilepsy, particularly in patients who had previously been treated with other sodium channel blockers (SCBs) and the difference in effectiveness and tolerability when using other concomitant SCBs. Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinical information of patients aged <30 years given LCM to treat epilepsy. The effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) of LCM and the other SCBs were investigated. Factors related to the effectiveness and AEs of LCM, such as the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) tried before LCM and concomitantly used SCBs, were also studied. Results: We enrolled 112 patients (median age = 11 years). One year after starting LCM, 29% of the patients were seizure free, and 50% had a ≥50% seizure reduction. Of the patients, 17% experienced AEs, the most common being somnolence. A ≥50% seizure reduction was observed for LCM in 30% of patients in whom other SCBs had not been effective. Lacosamide produced a ≥50% seizure reduction in 35% of the patients taking one concomitant SCB. By contrast, no patients had ≥50% seizure reduction, and 33% developed AEs, when LCM was administered concomitantly with two SCBs. Conclusions: Lacosamide was effective in 30% of children and young adults in whom other SCBs had not been effective. The effectiveness of LCM may differ from that of other SCBs, and it is worth trying in patients with epilepsy resistant to other AEDs.

DOI： 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108397

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Radiation Research  

Astronauts can develop psychological stress (PS) during space flights due to the enclosed environment, microgravity, altered light-dark cycles, and risks of equipment failure or fatal mishaps. At the same time, they are exposed to cosmic rays including high atomic number and energy (HZE) particles such as iron-56 (Fe) ions. Psychological stress or radiation exposure can cause detrimental effects in humans. An earlier published pioneering study showed that chronic restraint-induced psychological stress (CRIPS) could attenuate Trp53 functions and increase carcinogenesis induced by low-linear energy transfer (LET) γrays in Trp53-heterozygous (Trp53 +/-) mice. To elucidate possible modification effects from CRIPS on high-LET HZE particle-induced health consequences, Trp53 +/-mice were received both CRIPS and accelerated Fe ion irradiation. Six-week-old Trp53 +/-C57BL/6N male mice were restrained 6 h per day for 28 consecutive days. On day 8, they received total-body Fe-particle irradiation (Fe-TBI, 0.1 or 2 Gy). Metaphase chromosome spreads prepared from splenocytes at the end of the 28-day restraint regimen were painted with the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes for chromosomes 1 (green), 2 (red) and 3 (yellow). Induction of psychological stress in our experimental model was confirmed by increase in urinary corticosterone level on day 7 of restraint regimen. Regardless of Fe-TBI, CRIPS reduced splenocyte number per spleen at the end of the 28-day restraint regimen. At 2 Gy, Fe-TBI alone induced many aberrant chromosomes and no modifying effect was detected from CRIPS on induction of aberrant chromosomes. Notably, neither Fe-TBI at 0.1 Gy nor CRIPS alone induced any increase in the frequency of aberrant chromosomes, while simultaneous exposure resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal exchanges. These findings clearly showed that CRIPS could enhance the frequency of chromosomal exchanges induced by Fe-TBI at a low dose of 0.1 Gy.

DOI： 10.1667/RADE-20-00218.1

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Epilepsy and Behavior  

Objective: Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) is a live vaccine for tuberculosis that is administered to all infants in Japan. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for West syndrome (WS) causes immunosuppression and may result in BCG infection after BCG vaccination. We evaluated the safety of ACTH therapy initiated shortly after BCG vaccination. Methods: We analyzed patients with WS who received ACTH therapy between 2005 and 2018. We evaluated the interval between BCG and ACTH therapy, and the rate of BCG infection during and after ACTH therapy, by retrospective chart review. Results: Seventy-nine patients were included in the analysis. Twenty-three patients received ACTH therapy prior to BCG vaccination. For the remaining 56 patients, the median interval between BCG vaccination and the start of ACTH therapy (BCG–ACTH interval) was 91.5 (range 14–280) days. The BCG–ACTH interval was shorter in patients with unknown than in those with known etiologies. It was <8 weeks in 13 patients (10 with unknown and 3 with known etiologies). The minimum BCG–ACTH interval was 14 days. Six patients with epileptic spasms received BCG vaccinations because physicians did not recognize their seizures. None of the patients developed BCG infection. Conclusion: No patients who received ACTH therapy after BCG, even at an interval of 8 weeks, developed BCG infection. The timing of ACTH therapy initiation should be based on the risk of BCG-related adverse events and the adverse effects of any delay.

DOI： 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107924

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Neuroradiology  

Purpose: Brain MRI provides important information about suspected congenital CMV infection in neonatally underdiagnosed children. This study aimed to describe MRI findings in children in whom congenital CMV infection was not suspected during the neonatal period and was proven retrospectively. Methods: We enrolled 31 children referred to the pediatric neurology clinic with neurological symptoms who were proven to have congenital CMV infection based on dried umbilical cord samples. Upon diagnosis, MR and CT images were assessed using the van der Knaap scoring system integrated with additional variables. Two investigators independently assessed all images. Results: The age at diagnosis was < 12 months in 14, 12–24 months in 11, and > 24 months in 6 patients. The initial symptom triggering clinic referral was delayed development in 22, seizure in 5, deafness in 3, and hemiplegia in 1 patient. Of the 31 children, 30 had a white matter (WM) abnormality predominant in the deep WM of the parietal lobe (n = 25). Anterior temporal lesions were observed in 21 children. Cortical lesions were observed in 7 children, suggestive of polymicrogyria. No child had cerebellar or brainstem abnormalities. Brain CT was performed in 22 of 31 children, and 11 showed punctate cerebral calcification in the periventricular and/or deep WM. Conclusion: Patients with congenital CMV infection with delayed neurological symptoms show a relatively uniform pattern of parietal-dominant multifocal WM lesions and anterior temporal lesions, with or without polymicrogyria.

DOI： 10.1007/s00234-020-02603-9

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出版者・発行元：iScience  

Blood and lymphatic vessels surrounding the heart develop through orchestrated processes from cells of different origins. In particular, cells around the outflow tract which constitute a primordial transient vasculature, referred to as aortic subepicardial vessels, are crucial for the establishment of coronary artery stems and cardiac lymphatic vessels. Here, we revealed that the epicardium and pericardium-derived Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) and its receptor, PlexinD1, play a role in the development of the coronary stem, as well as cardiac lymphatic vessels. In vitro analyses demonstrated that Sema3E may demarcate areas to repel PlexinD1-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells, resulting in proper coronary and lymphatic vessel formation. Furthermore, inactivation of Sema3E-PlexinD1 signaling improved the recovery of cardiac function by increasing reactive lymphangiogenesis in an adult mouse model of myocardial infarction. These findings may lead to therapeutic strategies that target Sema3E-PlexinD1 signaling in coronary artery diseases.

DOI： 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102305

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出版者・発行元：Open Ceramics  

The aluminum-sodalite-type oxide, Ca8[AlO2]12(MoO4)2, shows an improper ferroelectricity below a ferroelectric phase transition temperature around 630 ​K. Here we present effects of a Ga-substitution for Al on ferroelectric properties of Ca8[AlO2]12(MoO4)2. Systematic investigations with synchrotron x-ray powder diffractions and dielectric/pyroelectric measurements have clarified that the Ga-substitution suppresses the ferroelectricity and markedly enhances a thermal hysteresis of the ferroelectric phase transition. In contrast to the case of Sr-substitution for Ca, with which the ground state results in a relaxor-like state, the polar ordering of macroscopic scale has been found to survive under the Ga-substitution. The present results shed light on intuitive designing of ferroelectricity and the phase transition properties in the aluminum-sodalite-type oxide.

DOI： 10.1016/j.oceram.2021.100080

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出版者・発行元：Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica  

Each year, the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS) reports up-to-date statistics from the Japan Neurosurgical Database regarding case volume, patient demographics, and in-hospital outcomes of the overall cohort and neurosurgical subgroup according to the major classifications of main diagnosis. We hereby report patient demographics, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, purpose of admission, number of medical management, direct surgery, endovascular treatment, and radiosurgery of the patients based on the major classifications and/or main diagnosis registered in 2018 and 2019 in the overall cohort (523283 and 571143 patients, respectively) and neurosurgical subgroup (177184 and 191595 patients, respectively). The patient demographics, disease severity, proportion of purpose of admission (e.g., operation, 33.9–33.5%) and emergent admission (68.4–67.8%), and in-hospital mortality (e.g., cerebrovascular diseases, 6.3–6.5%; brain tumor, 3.1–3%; and neurotrauma, 4.3%) in the overall cohort were comparable between 2018 and 2019. In total, 207783 and 225217 neurosurgical procedures were performed in the neurosurgical subgroup in 2018 and 2019, respectively, of which endovascular treatment comprised 19.1% and 20.3%, respectively. Neurosurgical management of chronic subdural hematoma (19.4–18.9%) and cerebral aneurysm (15.4–14.8%) was most common. Notably, the proportion of management of ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, including recombinant tissue plasminogen activator infusion and endovascular acute reperfusion therapy, increased from 7.5% in 2018 to 8.8% in 2019. The JNS statistical update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policy makers, media professionals, neurosurgeons, healthcare administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on neurosurgical practice.

DOI： 10.2176/NMC.ST.2021-0254

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences  

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility for the detection of slight contrast effects after intravenous administration of single dose gadolinium-based contrast agent (IV-SD-GBCA), the time course of the GBCA distribution up to 24 h was examined in various fluid spaces and brain parenchyma using 3D-real IR imaging and MR fingerprinting (MRF). Methods: Twenty-four patients with a suspicion of endolymphatic hydrops were scanned at pre-administration and at 10 min, 4 and 24 h post-IV-SD-GBCA. 3D-real IR images and MRF at the level of the internal auditory canal were obtained. The signal intensity on the 3D-real IR image of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebellopontine angle cistern (CPA), Sylvian fissure (Syl), lateral ventricle (LV), and cochlear perilymph (CPL) was measured. The T1 and T2 values of cerebellar gray (GM) and white matter (WM) were measured using MRF. Each averaged value at the various time points was compared using an analysis of variance. Results: The signal intensity on the 3D-real IR image in each CSF region peaked at 4 h, and was decreased significantly by 24 h (P < 0.05). All patients had a maximum signal intensity at 4 h in the CPA, and Syl. The mean CPL signal intensity peaked at 4 h and decreased significantly by 24 h (P < 0.05). All patients but two had a maximum signal intensity at 4 h. Regarding the T1 value in the cerebellar WM and GM, the T1 value at 10 min post-IV-GBCA was significantly decreased compared to the pre-contrast scan, but no significant difference was observed at the other time points. There was no significant change in T2 in the gray or white matter at any of the time points. Conclusion: Time course of GBCA after IV-SD-GBCA could be evaluated by 3D-real IR imaging in CSF spaces and in the brain by MRF.

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2020-0030

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出版者・発行元：Scientific Reports  

Our aim was to evaluate the association between ritodrine and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and the occurrence of neonatal hyperkalemia or hypoglycemia among late preterm infants in a retrospective cohort study. We used a nationwide obstetrical database from 2014. A total of 4,622 live preterm infants born at 32–36 gestational weeks participated. Fourteen risk factors based on both clinical relevance and univariate analysis were adjusted in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Neonatal hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia occurred in 7.6% (284/3,732) and 32.4% (1,458/4,501), respectively. Occurrence of hyperkalemia was associated with concomitant usage of ritodrine and MgSO4 compared with no usage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–2.15). Occurrence of hypoglycemia was associated with ritodrine alone (aOR 2.58 [CI 2.21–3.01]) and with concomitant usage of ritodrine and MgSO4 (aOR 2.59 [CI 2.13–3.15]), compared with no usage, and was associated with long-term usage (≥ 48 hours) of ritodrine and cessation directly before delivery. In conclusion, in late preterm infants, usage of ritodrine together with MgSO4 was associated with occurrence of critical neonatal hyperkalemia, and long-term usage of ritodrine and cessation directly before delivery were associated with neonatal hypoglycemia.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-020-64687-w

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Plant Journal  

Metabolites, phytohormones, and genes involved in dehydration responses/tolerance have been predicted in several plants. However, metabolite/phytohormone–gene regulatory networks in soybean organs under dehydration conditions remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the organ specificity of metabolites, phytohormones, and gene transcripts and revealed the characteristics of their regulatory networks in dehydration-treated soybeans. Our metabolite/phytohormone analysis revealed the accumulation of raffinose, trehalose, and cis-zeatin (cZ) specifically in dehydration-treated roots. In dehydration-treated soybeans, raffinose, and trehalose might have additional roles not directly involved in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus; cZ might contribute to root elongation for water uptake from the moisture region in soil. Our integration analysis of metabolites–genes indicated that galactinol, raffinose, and trehalose levels were correlated with transcript levels for key enzymes (galactinol synthase, raffinose synthase, trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase) at the level of individual plants but not at the organ level under dehydration. Genes encoding these key enzymes were expressed in mainly the aerial parts of dehydration-treated soybeans. These results suggested that raffinose and trehalose are transported from aerial plant parts to the roots in dehydration-treated soybeans. Our integration analysis of phytohormones–genes indicated that cZ and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were correlated with transcript levels for key enzymes (cytokinin nucleoside 5′-monophosphate phosphoribohydrolase, cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) at the level of individual plants but not at the organ level under dehydration conditions. Therefore, processes such as ABA and cZ transport, among others, are important for the organ specificity of ABA and cZ production under dehydration conditions.

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.14719

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica  

The Japan Neurosurgical Database (JND) is a prospective observational study registry established in 2017 by the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS) to visualize real-world clinical practice, promote science, and improve the quality of care and neurosurgery board certification in Japan. We summarize JND’s aims and methods, and describes the 2018 survey results. The JND registered in-hospital patients’ clinical data mainly from JNS training institutions in 2018. Caseload, patient demographics, and in-hospital outcomes of the overall cohort and a neurosurgical subgroup were examined according to major classifications of main diagnosis. Neurosurgical caseload per neurosurgeon in training in core hospitals in 2018 was calculated as an indicator of neurosurgical training. Of 523,283 cases (male 55.3%) registered from 1360 participating institutions, the neurosurgical subgroup comprised of 33.9%. Among the major classifications, cerebrovascular diseases comprised the largest proportion overall and in the neurosurgical subgroup (53.1%, 41.0%, respectively), followed by neurotrauma (19.1%, 25.5%), and brain tumor (10.4%, 12.8%). Functional neurosurgery (6.4%, 3.7%), spinal and peripheral nerve disorders (5.1%, 10.1%), hydrocephalus/developmental anomalies (2.9%, 5.3%), and encephalitis/infection/ inflammatory and miscellaneous diseases (2.9%, 1.6%) comprised smaller proportions. Most patients were aged 70–79 years in the overall cohort and neurosurgical subgroup (27.8%, 29.4%). Neurotrauma and cerebrovascular diseases in the neurosurgical subgroup comprised a higher and lower proportion, respectively, than in the overall cohort in elderly patients (e.g. 80 years, 46.9% vs. 33.5%, 26.8% vs. 54.4%). The 2018 median neurosurgical caseload per neurosurgeon in training was 80.7 (25–75th percentile 51.5–117.5). These initial results from 2018 reveal unique aspects of neurosurgical practice in Japan.

DOI： 10.2176/nmc.st.2019-0211

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Pulmonary Circulation  

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan modulates the kinetics of bone marrow-derived stem cells in inhibiting the development of pulmonary hypertension. Bone marrow chimeric mice, transplanted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-positive bone marrow mononuclear cells, were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia or kept in the ambient air, and were daily treated with bosentan sodium salt or saline for 21 days. After the treatment period, right ventricular pressure was measured and pulmonary vascular morphometry was conducted. Incorporation of bone marrow-derived cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression and protein level in the lung tissue were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that, in hypoxic mice, right ventricular pressure and the percentage of muscularized vessel were increased and pulmonary vascular density was decreased, each of which was reversed by bosentan. Bone marrow-derived endothelial cells and macrophages in lungs were increased by hypoxia. Bosentan promoted bone marrow-derived endothelial cell incorporation but inhibited macrophage infiltration into lungs. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that interleukin 6, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were upregulated by hypoxia, in which interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were downregulated and stromal cell-derived factor-1 was upregulated by bosentan. Protein level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the whole lung was significantly upregulated by hypoxia, which was further upregulated by bosentan. Bosentan modulated kinetics of bone marrow-derived ECs and macrophages and related gene expression in lungs in ameliorating pulmonary hypertension in mice. Altered kinetics of bone marrow-derived stem cells may be a novel mechanism of the endothelin receptor blockade in vivo and confer a new understanding of the therapeutic basis for pulmonary hypertension.

DOI： 10.1177/2045894020919355

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Translational Psychiatry  

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric disorders. Although most of the 22q11.2DS patients have a 3.0-Mb deletion, existing mouse models only mimic a minor mutation of 22q11.2DS, a 1.5-Mb deletion. The role of the genes existing outside the 1.5-Mb deletion in psychiatric symptoms of 22q11.2DS is unclear. In this study, we generated a mouse model that reproduced the 3.0-Mb deletion of the 22q11.2DS (Del(3.0 Mb)/ +) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Ethological and physiological phenotypes of adult male mutants were comprehensively evaluated by visual-evoked potentials, circadian behavioral rhythm, and a series of behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition, fear-conditioning memory, and visual discrimination learning. As a result, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice showed reduction of auditory prepulse inhibition and attenuated cue-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with the phenotypes of existing 22q11.2DS models. In addition, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice displayed an impaired early visual processing that is commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia. Meanwhile, unlike the existing models, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice exhibited hypoactivity over several behavioral tests, possibly reflecting the fatigability of 22q11.2DS patients. Lastly, Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice displayed a faster adaptation to experimental jet lag as compared with wild-type mice. Our results support the validity of Del(3.0 Mb)/ + mice as a schizophrenia animal model and suggest that our mouse model is a useful resource to understand pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS.

DOI： 10.1038/s41398-020-0723-z

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Nutrition Journal  

Background: Mental health has become a major public health issue worldwide. Biological and epidemiological studies suggest diet has a role in the prevention or cure of mental disorders. However, further research is required to elucidate the relationship between diet and mental health. This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary intake of nutrients (macronutrients, vitamins, calcium, and fatty acids) and food groups (fish, meat and chicken, dairy products, and vegetables) and mental health among middle-aged Japanese in cross-sectional and prospective studies. Methods: In total, 9298 men and women that participated in two areas of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study were eligible for analysis at the baseline (cross-sectional) survey. Of these, 4701 participants were followed for about 5 years and included in the follow-up (prospective) analysis. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to assess participants' general mental health status over the past several weeks. The average intake of 46 foods over the past year was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. We also evaluated lifestyle and medical factors using a self-administered questionnaire. A cross-sectional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios for a GHQ score ≥ 4 (poor mental health) according to dietary intake of foods/nutrients at baseline. The prospective study used baseline dietary and lifestyle factors and GHQ scores at follow-up. Results: The cross-sectional logistic regression analysis showed vegetables, protein, calcium, vitamin D, carotene and n-3 highly-polyunsaturated fatty acids were inversely associated with a GHQ score ≥ 4. On the other hand, mono-unsaturated fatty acids showed a positive association with higher GHQ score. The prospective logistic regression analysis found dairy products, calcium, vitamin B2, and saturated fatty acids were inversely correlated with a GHQ score ≥ 4. Calcium was associated with GHQ scores in both the cross-sectional and follow-up studies. In the follow-up study, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for a GHQ score ≥ 4 was 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.92) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of calorie-adjusted dietary calcium intake. Conclusion: Consuming particular nutrients and foods, especially calcium and dairy products, may lead to better mental health in Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.1186/s12937-019-0515-6

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CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences  

Purpose: It has been reported that leakage of intravenously administered gadolinium-based contrast agents (IV-GBCAs) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the cortical veins even in healthy subjects can be detected using a highly sensitive pulse sequence such as heavily T2-weighted 3D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and 3D-real inversion recovery (IR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of MR fingerprinting to detect GBCA leakage from the cortical veins after IV-GBCA. Materials: Fourteen patients with suspected endolymphatic hydrops (EH) who received a single dose of IV-GBCA (39–79 years old) were included. The real IR images as well as MR fingerprinting images were obtained at 4 h after IV-GBCA. T1 and T2 values were obtained using MR fingerprinting and analyzed in ROIs covering intense GBCA leakage, and non-leakage areas of the CSF as determined on real IR images. The scan time for real IR imaging was 10 min and that for MR fingerprinting was 41 s. Results: The mean T1 value of the ROI in the area of GBCA leakage was 2422 ± 261 ms and that in the non-leakage area was 3851 ± 235 ms (P < 0.01). There was no overlap between the T1 values in the area of GBCA leakage and those in the non-leakage area. The mean T2 value in the area of GBCA leakage was 319 ± 90 ms and that in the non-leakage area was 670 ± 166 ms (P < 0.01). There was some overlap between the T2 values in the area of GBCA leakage and those in the non-leakage area. Conclusion: Leaked GBCA from the cortical veins into the surrounding CSF can be detected using MR fingerprinting obtained in <1 min.

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0048

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PubMed

出版者・発行元：IEEE Access  

A light-field display provides not only binocular depth sensation but also natural motion parallax with respect to head motion, which invokes a strong feeling of immersion. Such a display can be implemented with a set of stacked layers, each of which has pixels that can carry out light-ray operations (multiplication and addition). With this structure, the appearance of the display varies over the observed directions (i.e., a light field is produced) because the light rays pass through different combinations of pixels depending on both the originating points and outgoing directions. To display a specific 3-D scene, these layer patterns should be optimized to produce a light field that is as close as possible to that produced by the target three-dimensional scene. To deepen the understanding for this type of light field display, we focused on two important factors: light-ray operations carried out using layers and optimization methods for the layer patterns. Specifically, we compared multiplicative and additive layers, which are optimized using analytical methods derived from mathematical optimization or faster data-driven methods implemented as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We compared combinations within these two factors in terms of the accuracy of light-field reproduction and computation time. Our results indicate that multiplicative layers achieve better accuracy than additive ones, and CNN-based methods perform faster than the analytical ones. We suggest that the best choice in terms of the balance between accuracy and computation speed is using multiplicative layers optimized using a CNN-based method.

DOI： 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975209

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences  

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate comprehensively; accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of T1 and T2 relaxation times measured by magnetic resonance fingerprinting using B+1-corrected fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP–MRF). Methods: The International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology (ISMRM/NIST) phantom was scanned for 100 days, and six healthy volunteers for 5 days using a FISP–MRF prototype sequence. Accuracy was evaluated on the phantom by comparing relaxation times measured by FISP–MRF with the reference values provided by the phantom manufacturer. Daily repeatability was characterized as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the measurements over 100 days for the phantom and over 5 days for volunteers. In addition, the cross-scanner reproducibility was evaluated in volunteers. Results: In the phantom study, T1 and T2 values from FISP–MRF showed a strong linear correlation with the reference values of the phantom (R2 = 0.9963 for T1; R2 = 0.9966 for T2). CVs were <1.0% for T1 values larger than 300 ms, and <3.0% for T2 values across a wide range. In the volunteer study, CVs for both T1 and T2 values were <5.0%, except for one subject. In addition, all T2 values estimated by FISP–MRF in vivo were lower than those measured with conventional mapping sequences reported in previous studies. The cross-scanner variation of T1 and T2 showed good agreement between two different scanners in the volunteers. Conclusion: B+1-corrected FISP-MRF showed an acceptable accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility in the phantom and volunteer studies.

DOI： 10.2463/mrms.mp.2019-0016

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出版者・発行元：Science Signaling  

Dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) is implicated in vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we showed that the transcription factor ATOH8 was a direct target of SMAD1/5 and was induced in a manner dependent on BMP but independent of Notch, another critical signaling pathway in ECs. In zebrafish and mice, inactivation of Atoh8 did not cause an arteriovenous malformation–like phenotype, which may arise because of dysregulated Notch signaling. In contrast, Atoh8-deficient mice exhibited a phenotype mimicking PAH, which included increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, ATOH8 expression was decreased in PAH patient lungs. We showed that in cells, ATOH8 interacted with hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and decreased its abundance, leading to reduced induction of HIF-2α target genes in response to hypoxia. Together, these findings suggest that the BMP receptor type II/ALK-1/SMAD/ATOH8 axis may attenuate hypoxic responses in ECs in the pulmonary circulation and may help prevent the development of PAH.

DOI： 10.1126/scisignal.aay4430

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Epilepsia  

Objective: To assess hippocampal signal changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) during the acute period after febrile status epilepticus (FSE) and to examine the relationship between DWI and subsequent epilepsy. Methods: A prospective, multicenter study of children with a first episode of FSE was performed. The patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 days of FSE, and signal intensity was evaluated on DWI. Electroencephalography studies within 3 days of FSE were also assessed. Nine to 13 years after FSE, information on subsequent epilepsy was obtained. Results: Twenty-two children with FSE were evaluated. DWI showed unilateral hippocampal hyperintensity in six patients (27%). Three of six patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had ipsilateral thalamic hyperintensity. On EEG within 3 days of FSE, five of six patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had ipsilateral focal slowing, spikes, or attenuation. Nine to 13 years later, the outcomes could be determined in five patients with hippocampal hyperintensity and in 10 without. All 5 patients with hippocampal hyperintensity had hippocampal atrophy and developed focal epilepsy, whereas only 1 of 10 patients without hippocampal hyperintensity developed epilepsy (P = 0.002). Ictal semiology was concordant with temporal lobe seizures in all patients. Ipsilateral temporal epileptiform abnormalities were seen on EEG in four of five at last follow-up. Significance: Acute DWI hippocampal hyperintensity was seen in 27% of patients with FSE. Acute DWI hyperintensity suggests cytotoxic edema caused by prolonged seizure activity. Hippocampal DWI hyperintensity is related to mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and can be a target of neuroprotective treatments to prevent the onset of epilepsy.

DOI： 10.1111/epi.16059

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Chemical Society  

Molecular ferroelectric crystals have attracted growing interest as potential alternatives to conventional lead-based ceramic ferroelectrics. We have recently discovered that a class of compounds known as plastic crystals can show multiaxial ferroelectricity, which allows ferroelectric performance even in polycrystalline forms. Here, we report new plastic/ferroelectric ionic molecular crystals that exhibit remarkably small coercive electric fields at room temperature. The easily switchable ferroelectric polarization enables low-voltage switching operations and high-frequency performance. Such ferroelectric crystals can be readily processed into bulk polycrystalline forms with desired shapes that are characterized by unprecedentedly high pyroelectric figures of merit and large piezoelectricity. These multifunctional molecular crystals represent highly attractive prospects for device elements with a diverse range of applications, which will significantly boost the development of molecular ferroelectric crystals.

DOI： 10.1021/jacs.9b03369

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出版者・発行元：IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science  

This study aims to improve the energy efficiency of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in existing building by adding a thermal energy storage (TES) tank. By installing the TES tank with volume of 1 m3 in the chilled water loop of HVAC system. it can make charge/discharge surplus heat from heat source equipment. The chilled water can be delivered not only to secondary side but also to TES tank, while the required heat load is less than the rated capacity of the heat source equipment, it does not need to shrink its output and can be operated under the relatively higher load ratio without falling down efficiency. The charge/discharge progress is considered occurring within short-term less than an hour. During the discharge progress the heat source equipment can be turn off or idling operation yields reduce operation hour of heat source equipment and achieve energy-saving. In this paper, a case study is conducted to evaluate the energy efficiency improvement by adding TES tank into HVAC system using system energy simulation, coupling two-dimensional, steady-quasi TES numerical model that is verified by comparison with the measurement data. The error of the TES numerical model compared with the experiment was less than 5%. From the case study results, it is found that the TES tank can improve energy efficiency of HVAC system because of increasing the COP of the heat-source equipment reduces its energy consumption and reducing operation time of the primary chilled water pumps.

DOI： 10.1088/1755-1315/238/1/012057

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Virus Research  

Insects are the host and vector of diverse viruses including those that infect vertebrates, plants, and fungi. Recent wide-scale transcriptomic analyses have uncovered the existence of a number of novel insect viruses belonging to an alphavirus-like superfamily (virgavirus/negevirus-related lineage). In this study, through an in silico search using publicly available insect transcriptomic data, we found numerous virus-like sequences related to insect virga/nege-like viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel viruses and related virus-like sequences fill the major phylogenetic gaps between insect and plant virga/negevirus lineages. Interestingly, one of the phylogenetic clades represents a unique insect-infecting virus group. Its members encode putative coat proteins which contained a conserved domain similar to that usually found in the coat protein of plant viruses in the family Virgaviridae. Furthermore, we discovered endogenous viral elements (EVEs) related to virga/nege-like viruses in the insect genomes, which enhances our understanding on their evolution. Database searches using the sequence of one member from this group revealed the presence of EVEs in a wide range of insect species, suggesting that there has been prevalent infection by this virus group since ancient times. Besides, we present detailed EVE integration profiles of this virus group in some species of the Bombus genus of bee families. A large variation in EVE patterns among Bombus species suggested that while some integration events occurred after the species divergence, others occurred before it. Our analyses support the view that insect and plant virga/nege-related viruses might share common virus origin(s).

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.020

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DOI： 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.11.006

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CiNii Research

出版者・発行元：Journal of Environmental Engineering (Japan)  

We proposed a system that adds a 1 m3 TES tank called simple TES on the bypass pipe of the existing HVAC system, and it can charge/discharge within short-term less than an hour instead of a day. By simulation, it is found that the simple TES can improve energy efficiency of HVAC system because of increasing the partial load ratio of the heat-source equipment reduces its energy consumption and reducing operation time of the primary chilled water pumps, and then it can be achieved reduction of the energy consumption by 30% compared to conventional system.

DOI： 10.3130/aije.84.679

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CiNii Research

出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the International Display Workshops  

We present a pipeline that displays 3D videos captured by a multi-view camera (ProFUSION25) on a layered display in real time. The layered display is a kind of light field displays. To develop this pipeline, we used a CNN that calculates a layer pattern to reduce processing time.

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出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the International Display Workshops  

We focus on two factors that affect the performance of layered light-field displays: the layer device and optimization method. We quantitatively compared the performances of different architecture of layered light-field displays (LCD, HOE, and S-IPS LCD) and their optimization methods (analytical method and CNN-based method).

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出版者・発行元：Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP  

We propose an efficient pipeline from input to output for a tensor light-field display. Conventionally, a dense light field (i.e., tens of images taken with narrow viewpoint intervals) is required as an input in such displays. However, obtaining dense light fields is a challenging task for real scenes. To make the acquisition process more efficient, we adopted a coded-aperture camera as an input device, which is suitable for acquiring dense light fields in a compressive manner. Moreover, we modeled the entire process from acquisition to display using a convolutional neural network. As a result of training the network on a massive light field data, we can reproduce the whole light field on the display from only a few images taken with the camera. Both simulative and real experiments were conducted to show the effectiveness of our method.

DOI： 10.1109/icip.2019.8803741

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：BMC Public Health  

Background: Although self-rated health (SRH) independently predicts mortality, the biological background of this association remains unexplained. This study aimed to examine the association between SRH and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level. Methods: Subjects were 899 participants aged 35-69 years (237 men and 662 women) in the Daiko Study, part of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. They were enrolled from 2008 to 2010. Of the subjects, 666 participated in a second survey 5 years later. Lifestyle factors and SRH were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Serum hsCRP level was measured using a latex-enhanced immunonephelometric assay. The association between SRH and serum hsCRP level was evaluated using a general linear model with covariates. We further longitudinally investigated whether higher serum hsCRP level at baseline predicts poor SRH after 5 years using an unconditional logistic regression model. Results: A higher serum hsCRP level was significantly associated with poor SRH at baseline after adjusting for covariates (p for trend = 0.023). The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for poor SRH after 5 years was 1.45 (95% CI: 0.76-2.78) for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of serum hsCRP level at baseline with a significant linear trend (p for trend = 0.033), although the risk increase disappeared after adjustment for other covariates. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that poor SRH is cross-sectionally associated with higher serum hsCRP level. However, the longitudinal data did not support the relationship between serum hsCRP level at baseline and future SRH. Further longitudinal studies that include data on mortality and multiple inflammatory markers are warranted to elucidate the possible role of low-grade inflammation in the association between SRH and mortality risk.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-018-6251-6

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Brain and Development  

Background: There are few studies on hiragana reading skill and phonological awareness in Japanese schoolchildren with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Methods: Three seven-year-old children with PVL who had no intellectual disabilities or dysarthria were recruited. Their perinatal information, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) at term equivalent age, accompanying neurodevelopmental disorders, ophthalmologic features, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), a hiragana reading test (four tasks), and a phonological awareness task (mora reversal tasks) were analyzed. Results: Patient (Pt) 1 and pt2 were male. Pt2 and pt3 were siblings of triplets. Their gestational age was 28 or 32 weeks, and their birth weights were 1196, 1554, and 1848 g, respectively. Their brain MRI revealed cystic or non-cystic periventricular white matter injury involving the deep white matter at the trigone of both lateral ventricles. Pt1 had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pt3 had pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. All patients had strabismus with spared best-corrected visual acuity. Scores of Reading/Decoding in K-ABC ranged from 89 to 99. As for the single mora reading task or the non-word reading task in the kana reading test, Z scores of their reading time ranged from 2.3 to 5.9 compared to control children. Pt1 and pt3 made significant errors in the mora reversal task of three-mora words, whereas all patients could answer all words correctly in the mora reversal task of two-mora words. Conclusion: All children showed significantly prolonged reading time despite their adequate letter recognition. Two patients showed delayed phonological awareness. It was suggested that hiragana decoding impairment due to subcortical and/or cortical injury related to PVL affected their reading ability.

DOI： 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.05.018

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Brain and Development  

We report on a 4-year-old girl with a de novo GNAO1 mutation who had neurological findings, including decreased spontaneous movements, hypotonia, and dystonic features. She was referred to our hospital because of delayed psychomotor development. She showed hypotonia and decreased spontaneous movements. Voluntary movements of the limbs were more frequent in the lower extremities than in the upper extremities. Occasional dyskinetic features, such as awkward hand/foot posturing and grimacing, were seen during the voluntary movements. Serum metabolic screening, head magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography were unremarkable. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo mutation in the patient's GNAO1 gene, c.709 G > A (p.E237K). We calculated the free-energy change using the FoldX Suite to evaluate the impact of the E237K mutation. The FoldX calculations showed an increased free-energy change in the active state of the GNAO1 protein, indicating that the E237K mutation destabilizes the active state complexes. No seizures, chorea, tremor, or myoclonia, which are frequently reported in patients with GNAO1 mutations, were observed as of the last follow up. Our patient will improve the understanding of early neurological features in patients with GNAO1 mutations.

DOI： 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.06.005

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Brain  

Trio-based whole exome sequencing identified two de novo heterozygous missense mutations [c.1449T > C/p.(Leu500Pro) and c.1436A > T/p.(Asn479Ile)] in PHACTR1, encoding a molecule critical for the regulation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and the actin cytoskeleton, in unrelated Japanese individuals with West syndrome (infantile spasms with intellectual disability). We then examined the role of Phactr1 in the development of mouse cerebral cortex and the pathophysiological significance of these two mutations and others [c.1561C > T/p.(Arg521Cys) and c.1553T > A/p.(Ile518Asn)], which had been reported in undiagnosed patients with intellectual disability. Immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that actin-binding activity of PHACTR1 was impaired by the p.Leu500Pro, p.Asn479Ile and p.Ile518Asn mutations while the p.Arg521Cys mutation exhibited impaired binding to PP1. Acute knockdown of mouse Phactr1 using in utero electroporation caused defects in cortical neuron migration during corticogenesis, which were rescued by an RNAi-resistant PHACTR1 but not by the four mutants. Experiments using knockdown combined with expression mutants, aimed to mimic the effects of the heterozygous mutations under conditions of haploinsufficiency, suggested a dominant negative effect of the mutant allele. As for dendritic development in vivo, only the p.Arg521Cys mutant was determined to have dominant negative effects, because the three other mutants appeared to be degraded with these experimental conditions. Electrophysiological analyses revealed abnormal synaptic properties in Phactr1-deficient excitatory cortical neurons. Our data show that the PHACTR1 mutations may cause morphological and functional defects in cortical neurons during brain development, which is likely to be related to the pathophysiology of West syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

DOI： 10.1093/brain/awy246

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DOI： 10.1097/01.hjh.0000549308.48751.e8

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Clinical Nutrition  

Background & aims: The associations between dietary magnesium intake and stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidences are inconsistent and not established in Asian. We aimed to determine the association between dietary magnesium intake and the risk of stroke and CHD in a Japanese population. Subjects/Methods: We studied 85,293 Japanese subjects by questionnaire at baseline (age 45–74 years, without cardiovascular disease or cancer in 1995 and 1998 for Cohorts I and II, respectively). The participants were followed until the end of 2009 and 2010 in Cohorts I and II, respectively. Dietary magnesium intake was estimated from a self-administered 138-item food-frequency questionnaire. Results: After 1,305,738 person-years of follow-up, 4110 strokes and 1283 cases of CHD were documented. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs, 95% confidence intervals, 95%CIs) of CHD for the fourth and fifth quintiles of dietary magnesium intake were 0.70 (0.50–0.99) and 0.66 (0.44–0.97) in men (P for trend = 0.036), respectively, and third quintile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.61 (0.39–0.96) in women (P for trend = 0.241), compared with the lowest quintile in men and women. We observed no decreased risks of incident stroke in men or women with higher dietary magnesium intakes. Conclusions: Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with a reduced risk of CHD in Japanese men.

DOI： 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.08.006

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出版者・発行元：Japanese Journal of Applied Physics  

Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurement was demonstrated on a sample of the Au/Fe/Au heterostructure with the Fe layer of 0.35 nm thickness under Fe M-edge resonance condition. An ultrabrilliant free electron laser (FEL) in the soft X-ray range was facilitated for the detection of transient signals of resonant MOKE from the ultrathin Fe film. A variation in the Kerr rotation angle was successfully observed on the femtosecond timescale. This technique enables us to reveal the transient magnetization dynamics of such a-few-monolayer magnetic films, which promote the development of spintronic devices.

DOI： 10.7567/JJAP.57.09TD02

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Brain and Development  

Background: Germline mutations of the PTEN gene are responsible for several PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes. They are also implicated as a cause of macrocephaly and mild to severe developmental delay, regardless of the presence or absence of hamartomas in childhood. Nevertheless, because of limited information, the clinical features present during childhood in patients with a PTEN mutation are yet to be elucidated. Methods: PTEN mutations were investigated by multiplex targeted sequencing of genomic DNA from 33 children with increased head circumference (>+2 SD) and developmental delay. The clinical features of all the patients with a PTEN mutation were abstracted by dysmorphologists. Results: We have identified six children with a PTEN mutation. Clinical dissection of these six patients, in addition to patient reports in the literature, revealed distinctive facial features that included frontal bossing, dolichocephaly, horizontal eyebrows, and a depressed nasal bridge. Macrocephaly (+3.2 to +6.0 SD) was noticeable compared to their height (−0.8 to +2.1 SD), and the difference in the SD value of head circumference and height was more than 3 SD in all patients. Conclusion: The presence of distinctive facies, extreme macrocephaly with normal to mildly high stature, and developmental delay may be useful for identifying patients with a PTEN mutation in childhood. Early identification of patients with a PTEN mutation would help uncover the natural course of tumor development in this group of individuals who have a possible predisposition to cancer, and be important for the development of an optimal surveillance strategy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.04.008

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出版者・発行元：IEICE Transactions on Electronics  

We have studied on thermally assisted nano-structured transistors made of superconductor ultra-thin films. These transistors potentially work as interface devices for Josephson-CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) hybrid memory systems, because they can generate a high output voltage of sub-V enough to drive a CMOS transistor. In addition, our superconductor transistors are formed with very fine lines down to several tens of nm in widths, leading to very small foot print enabling us to make large capacity hybrid memories. Our superconductor transistors are made with niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN) thin films deposited on thermally-oxidized silicon substrates, on which other superconductor circuits or semiconductor circuits can be formed. The NbTiN thickness dependence of the critical temperature and of resistivity suggest thermally activated vortex or anti-vortex behavior in pseudo-two-dimensional superconducting films plays an important role for the operating principle of the transistors. To show the potential that the transistors can drive MOS transistors, we analyzed the driving ability of the superconductor transistors with HSPICE simulation. We also showed the turn-on behavior of a MOS transistor used for readout of a CMOS memory cell experimentally. These results showed the high potential of superconductor transistors for Josephson-CMOS hybrid memories.

DOI： 10.1587/transele.E101.C.370

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出版者・発行元：Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation  

Late graft failure (LGF) without evidence of residual recipient cells is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and often requires stem cell infusion from the same donor when the patient fails to respond to conventional therapies. We screened the peripheral blood (PB) of 14 patients who developed donor-type LGF at 2 to 132 months after allo-SCT for the presence of the markers for immune-mediated bone marrow (BM) failure. Increased glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein-deficient (GPI-AP - ) leukocytes, which accounted for.009% to 0.147% of the total granulocytes, were detected in 5 patients (severe aplastic anemia, n = 2; follicular lymphoma, n = 1; acute lymphoblastic leukemia, n = 1; myelodysplastic syndromes; n = 1) and 4.7% to 81.2% HLA-allele–lacking leukocytes (HLA-LLs) were detected in 2 patients (acute myelogenous leukemia, n = 1; and myelodysplastic syndromes, n = 1). Three of the 5 patients with increased GPI-AP - leukocytes were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and 2 patients achieved transfusion independence. These results suggest that immune mechanisms that are similar to acquired aplastic anemia underlie condition of approximately one-half of the patients with donor-type LGF, and that in patients with increased GPI-AP - cells, donor-derived hematopoiesis may be restored by ATG therapy alone without donor stem cell infusion.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.08.018

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本教育学会  

DOI： 10.11555/taikaip.77.0_325

CiNii Research

出版者・発行元：No To Hattatsu  

Objective: For improvement of educational support for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD), we investigated the current state of school life for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)and related issues. Methods: A multicenter questionnaire survey was given to parents of DMD patients aged 6 to 20 years who were receiving treatment at 7 hospitals in 5 prefectures in Japan. Results: Parents of a total of 115 patients with DMD returned completed questionnaires. Upon admission to elementary school, 60% of the patients were placed in a regular class, while 5% were enrolled in a special needs school. From the fourth year of elementary school, the number of patients who seemed to enjoy school showed a decreasing trend, while those who did not participate in physical education class showed an increasing trend. At around the fifth year, some required a change to a special needs class or special needs school. Upon admission into junior high school, 60% of the patients were enrolled in a special needs school, while 13% remained in a regular school. Concerning collaboration between physicians and school staff, 77% of the parents expected some level of collaboration, whereas 52% of them answered that there was no collaboration. Conclusions: A large number of DMD patients are placed in a regular class to begin elementary school, though difficulties with school life seem to appear from the fourth year. It is important to share information and adjust the educational environment as necessary in consideration of patient need, as well as consultations among parents, teachers, and attending physicians. The level of collaboration between physicians and school staff in regard to education is lower than expected by parents, thus an effective system for collaboration between the medical and educational fields should be constructed.

DOI： 10.11251/ojjscn.50.342

Scopus

出版者・発行元：Proceedings - 2018 Joint 10th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 19th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, SCIS-ISIS 2018  

In general, the main purpose of Genetic Algorithm (GA) is to acquire a solution with the highest evaluation value in a single-objective problem or Pareto solutions with various evaluation values in a multi-objective problem. However, in engineering problems, the acquisition of multiple satisfied solutions satisfying certain conditions is often more strongly desired than acquiring a single best solution. In addition, to help set design choices, satisfied solutions should satisfy different design variable patterns from one another. There are multiple objective functions and rather than being maximized/minimized these are intended to approximate certain target values. These multiple objective functions can be unified into a single-objective function by summing up the errors from the target values. Through this unification of objective functions, computing resources for searching can be assigned in terms of the diversity in the design variable space rather than the objective space. Engineering problems often involve numerous constrained optimization problems. In such problems, the unification of objective functions can also be applied to constraints. In this paper, a method for acquiring multiple satisfied solutions by GA in many constrained multi-objective optimization problems is proposed. The proposed method is applied to a real-world problem and compared with Island model to investigate its performance.

DOI： 10.1109/SCIS-ISIS.2018.00028

Web of Science

Scopus

出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the International Display Workshops  

A stacked layer display is a kind of light field display that can express dozens of viewpoints with several LCDs. We have succeeded in implementation of a vertical type layered display that is erected and observed from the front. In this paper, we newly implemented layered display hardware which is suitable for table-top display.

Scopus

出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the International Display Workshops  

We have developed a flexible pipeline from a singleview camera to a layered light-field display. We obtain from the camera not only a color image but also a depth map with the aid of structured illumination. Using these information, we synthesized multi-view images and displayed them on the layered display. We developed a flexible pipeline consisting of depth estimation with structured illumination, depth-image-based rendering, refinement using a CNN and conversion to the layer patterns for the light-field display. Through the simulations and experiments, we demonstrated that our pipeline works well.

Scopus

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Cancer Medicine  

Therapeutic options for malignant brain tumors are limited, with new drugs being continuously evaluated. Organotypic brain slice culture has been adopted for neuroscience studies as a system that preserves brain architecture, cellular function, and the vascular network. However, the suitability of brain explants for anticancer drug evaluation has been unclear. We here adopted a mouse model of malignant glioma based on expression of H-RasV12 in Ink4a/Arf−/− neural stem/progenitor cells to establish tumor-bearing brain explants from adult mice. We treated the slices with cisplatin, temozolomide, paclitaxel, or tranilast and investigated the minimal assays required to assess drug effects. Serial fluorescence-based tumor imaging was sufficient for evaluation of cisplatin, a drug with a pronounced cytotoxic action, whereas immunostaining of cleaved caspase 3 (a marker of apoptosis) and of Ki67 (a marker of cell proliferation) was necessary for the assessment of temozolomide action and immunostaining for phosphorylated histone H3 (a marker of mitosis) allowed visualization of paclitaxel-specific effects. Staining for cleaved caspase 3 was also informative in the assessment of drug toxicity for normal brain tissue. Incubation of explants with fluorescently labeled antibodies to CD31 allowed real-time imaging of the microvascular network and complemented time-lapse imaging of tumor cell invasion into surrounding tissue. Our results suggest that a combination of fluorescence imaging and immunohistological staining allows a unified assessment of the effects of various classes of drug on the survival, proliferation, and invasion of glioma cells, and that organotypic brain slice culture is therefore a useful tool for evaluation of antiglioma drugs.

DOI： 10.1002/cam4.1174

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：Pediatric Diabetes  

Background: There are few reports pertaining to Asian patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) caused by activating mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium channel genes (KATP-NDM). Objectives: To elucidate the characteristics of Japanese patients with KATP-NDM. Methods: By the amplification and direct sequencing of all exons and exon-intron boundaries of the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes, 25 patients with KATP-NDM were identified from a total of 70 patients with NDM. Clinical data were collected from the medical charts. Results: Sixteen patients had mutations in KCNJ11 and nine in ABCC8. Eight novel mutations were identified; two in KCNJ11 (V64M, R201G) and six in ABCC8 (R216C, G832C, F1176L, A1263V, I196N, T229N). Interestingly, V64M caused DEND (developmental delay, epilepsy, neonatal diabetes) syndrome in our patient, while mutation of the same residue (V64G) had been reported to cause congenital hyperinsulinism. Mutations in ABCC8 were associated with TNDM (4/9) or isolated PNDM (5/9), whereas those in KCNJ11 were associated with more severe phenotypes, including DEND (3/16), iDEND (intermediate DEND, 4/16), or isolated PNDM (6/16). Switching from insulin to glibenclamide monotherapy was successful in 87.5% of the patients. Neurological improvement was observed in two patients, one with DEND (T293N) and one with iDEND (R50P) syndrome. Three others with iDEND mutations (R201C, G53D, and V59M) remained neurologically normal at 5, 1, and 4 years of age, respectively, with early introduction of sulfonylurea. Conclusion: Overall, clinical presentation of KATP-NDM in Japanese patients was similar to those of other populations. Early introduction of sulfonylurea appeared beneficial in ameliorating neurological symptoms.

DOI： 10.1111/pedi.12447

Scopus

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Brain and Development  

Background The characteristics of epilepsy in patients with Kabuki syndrome with KMT2D mutations (KABUK1) have not yet been well documented. This is the first review to explore this. Materials & methods We enrolled 14 patients with KABUK1, whose median age was 13.6 years (range = 4.1–21.3 years). Their medical records from October 1981 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Epilepsy was present in 5 (36%) patients. Four of these patients presented with nonsense mutations and one with missense mutations. None presented with brain abnormalities. Four patients presented with annual or monthly focal seizures, of which three evolved to bilateral convulsive seizures. Median onset age of focal epilepsy was 11.8 years (range = 9.5–12.8 years). One presented with monthly myoclonic seizures from age 11.2, whose mother with no other KABUK1 features, had focal epilepsy. The cumulative incidence of epilepsy related to KABUK1 up until age 13 was 45%. Interictal electroencephalogram revealed focal paroxysmal epileptiform discharges (in frontal, central, and parietal regions) in three patients, diffuse high-voltage spike-and-waves in one patient, and normal sleep record in one patient. Myoclonic seizures were rapidly controlled by levetiracetam. In contrast, focal seizures were not controlled in the early period of antiepileptic therapy. Conclusion This long-term follow-up of patients with KABUK1 revealed a higher prevalence of epilepsy than previously reported. The age of epilepsy onset and rate of focal seizures evolving to bilateral convulsive seizures in KABUK1 were also higher than previously reported in patients with clinically diagnosed Kabuki syndrome. Although seizure outcome is reported to be favorable in Kabuki syndrome, focal seizures in patients with KABUK1 were not immediately responsive to medication.

DOI： 10.1016/j.braindev.2017.03.025

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine  

Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induces not only infantile recurrent wheezing but also potentially atopic asthma. Objectives: To test the effect of RSV infection on development of subsequent atopic asthma, we evaluated whether palivizumab, an anti-RSV monoclonal antibody, by preventing severe RSV disease in the first year of life, could impact subsequent recurrent wheezing and atopic asthma at 6 years of age. Methods: During the 2007 to 2008 RSV season, the decision to administer palivizumab was made based on standard medical practice and an observational prospective multicenter (n = 52) case-control study in preterm infants with a gestational age between 33 and 35 weeks followed from 0 to 3 years (preceding Committee on Recurrent Wheezing study). The 52 investigators at hospitals then followed these subjects until 6 years of age, reported here (Effects of Preventive Treatment for Respiratory Syncytial [RS] Virus Infection During Infancy on Later Atopic Asthma in Preterm Infants; Scientific Committee for Elucidation of Infantile Asthma). Parents of study subjects reported the infants' physicians' assessment of recurrent wheezing, using a report card and a novel mobile phone-based reporting system using the Internet. The primary endpoint was the incidence of atopic asthma. Measurements and Main Results: Of 444 preterm infants enrolled, 349 received palivizumab during the first year of life. At 6 years, atopic asthma was not different in the groups: 15.3 and 18.2% of infants in the treated and untreated groups, respectively (P = 0.57). On the other hand, physician-diagnosed recurrent wheezing was observed in 15.3 and 31.6% in the treated and untreated groups, respectively (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Palivizumab prophylaxis administered to preterm infants did not suppress the onset of atopic asthma but resulted in a significantly lower incidence of recurrent wheezing during the first 6 years.

DOI： 10.1164/rccm.201609-1812OC

Scopus

出版者・発行元：SANER 2017 - 24th IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering  

Behavior preservation often bothers programmers in refactoring. This poster paper proposes a new approach that tames the behavior preservation by introducing the concept of a frame. A frame in refactoring defines stakeholder's individual concerns about the refactored code. Frame-based refactoring preserves the observable behavior within a particular frame. Therefore, it helps programmers distinguish the behavioral changes that they should observe from those that they can ignore.

DOI： 10.1109/SANER.2017.7884683

Scopus

出版者・発行元：Sleep  

Study Objectives: Poor or short sleep and the presence of snoring indicative of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have been associated with behavioral problems in school-aged children. We examined the relationship between SDB, sleep duration, obesity risk, and behavioral characteristics in Japanese elementary school students using a large-scale survey. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of children enrolled in all 46 public primary schools in Matsuyama city, Japan. The children's parents or guardians completed a questionnaire that covered sleep habits, presence of SDB risk, and behavioral characteristics. Results: In total, 24 296 responses were received (90% response rate). After excluding incomplete responses, we analyzed complete datasets for 17 769 children. Mean sleep duration decreased with age, as did the prevalence of pediatric SDB. We found an increased risk for the presence of SDB and short sleep among overweight/obese children. With SDB or short sleep, we observed significantly increased odds of restless behaviors, fidgety behaviors, and poor concentration in school. Conclusions: Shorter sleep duration was associated with increased risk of obesity, and in turn, obesity increased SDB risk. Both short sleep duration and SDB risk were significantly associated with behavioral problems in school.

DOI： 10.1093/sleep/zsw082

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本教育学会  

DOI： 10.11555/taikaip.76.0_260

CiNii Research

出版者・発行元：Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering  

We carried out various tests of 800-mm-diameter aperture, lightweight optics that consisted wholly of carbon fiber-reinforced SiC composite, called HB-Cesic. A cryogenic optical test was performed on the primary mirror to examine any CTE irregularity as a surface change, and only small deformations were observed. The primary mirror was assembled with a convex secondary mirror into an optical system and tested under vacuum at the 6-m-diameter radiometer space chamber at Tsukuba Space Center of JAXA, where we have prepared interferometric metrological facilities to establish techniques to test large optical systems in a horizontal light-axis configuration. The wavefront difference between under vacuum and under atmosphere was confirmed to be less than 0.1 λ at λ=633 nm, if we realigned the optical axis of the interferometer and flat mirror under vacuum. We also demonstrated a stitching interferometry using the Φ800-mm optics by rotating a mask wheel of subapertures in front of the optical reference flat. The wavefront stitched from eight individual measurements of Φ275-mm subapertures differs from the full-aperture measurement without the mask by about 0.1 λ nm RMS, which showed the technique could able to be applied to test large telescopes especially for infrared wavelength region.

DOI： 10.1117/12.2309218

Scopus

出版者・発行元：American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication  

This paper deals with what tsunami force acted on bridge girders by Great East Japan Earthquake broken out in March 11, 2011. First of all, a lot of efforts were conducted to collect almost all data of bridge girders in the inundation area. Satellite images in internet websites proved very effective to make a quick survey of any bridge in the inundation area. Detailed data on the bridges were obtained from authorities for use in damage analysis. The method proposed by Prof. Kosa was introduced to see whether bridges were washed away or not by tsunami. The resistance of each bridge is expressed as a function of the self-weight of bridge girder, and the tsunami force is defined by hydro-dynamic equation. More than two hundred bridges, including both washed away bridges and survived ones, were analyzed. Motion pictures taken by digital camera during the attack of tsunami were examined to evaluate the velocity and height of tsunami. As far as bridges in a local area were taken into account, the method was good to see whether bridges were survived or not. Field survey of the bridges washed away indicated that the failures would have been by tsunami uplift force. Experimental investigation was done using a water channel to examine what forces acted on bridge girders and to develop a proper simulation model.

Scopus

Web of Science

担当区分：筆頭著者  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：論文集(書籍)内論文  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：名古屋大学高等教育研究センター  

近年の国立大学では、教育研究以外を主たる職務とする教員の配置が広まっている。これら、第三領域の専門家とも呼ばれる新しいタイプの人材のうち、本研究ではアドミッション担当教員（入試担当教員）とURAを対象とした質問票調査を実施した。調査の結果、両分野では、仕事の継続希望の高さ、職務と経歴の多様性、任期付き雇用の割合の高さが共通していた。他方、アドミッション担当教員では教育研究を業務に含めることを必要と考える者が多数派であるのに対し、URA担当教員では反対の結果が得られた。同時に、教育研究を必要と考えないアドミッション担当教員、及び、教育研究を必要と考えるURA担当教員も、調査対象者のなかに一定数が含まれていた。職務や経歴に多様性を抱える新しいタイプの大学教員の場合には、エフォート配分と業績評価においても、従来型の教員の基準を一律に当てはめることは不適切と言えるだろう。所属大学での役割や、個々人のキャリア展望を踏まえた個別対応が必要であるとの認識を、大学組織の構成員、特に管理職層の間で共有することが重要である。In recent years, new types of academics have increased at national universities in Japan. They have the characteristics of the "Third Space" Professionals as described by Whitchurch. Their primary role is not education and research, but social services or administration. Among these kinds of academics, we conducted questionnaire surveys in two areas; admissions and research administration. In this paper, we reported the result of these surveys, and analyzed similarities and differences of the two areas. In both areas, duties and backgrounds varied, and the percentage of non-tenure-track faculty was relatively high. Conversely, there was a notable difference in awareness of taking on teaching and / or research responsibilities. The majority of the academics in charge of admissions considered it necessary to take on education and research. In contrast, the majority of the academics in charge of research administration did not consider it necessary to take on education and research. These results indicate that the third space academics in Japan not only have a diversity of duties and backgrounds but also an awareness of their role as university faculty.本研究はJSPS科研費16H03761の助成による。

DOI： 10.18999/njhe.20.445

CiNii Books

その他リンク： http://hdl.handle.net/2237/00032019

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）   出版者・発行元：名古屋大学高等教育研究センター  

CiNii Books

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本教育社会学会  

<p>　本稿の目的は，教育社会学における高等教育を対象とした研究のうち，計量的手法を採っているものにかんする実態を読み解くことにある。その際，「高等教育研究は教育社会学研究がこれまで培ってきた理論・方法的枠組みを共有しているのか」及び「高等教育研究の固有の計量分析の課題とは何か。また他分野を参照しながら今後，どのように課題に対応していくか」との二つの問いを設定した。<br>　学会誌掲載論文や大会研究発表の実態を分析した結果から，手法面においては，『教社研』高等教育計量論文ではより積極的に「一般化線形モデル」が用いられていること，内容面においては，高等教育の「制度・政策」がテーマとして共有されているとの特徴が示された。一方，『教社研』高等教育計量論文の特徴は「進学」にあり，「逸脱」や「学習」「経営・運営」は扱われないことから，これらが『教社研』高等教育計量論文とその他との境界となっていることを示した。他方で，引用の構造から，『教社研』高等教育計量論文は『教社研』高等教育計量論文を引用する傾向がありながらも，社会学の雑誌を引用する傾向もあることが明らかになった。以上より，第一の問いに対しては，「全く共有していないわけではない」と見たほうがより適切であることを述べた。<br>　むしろ，今は『教社研』内部の分断よりも，隣接領域や社会の動向を注視すべきであろう。特に政策との距離が近い高等教育研究にとって，EBPM がもたらす専門家の存在意義や方法の高度化とその陥穽など，対応すべき難題は多いため，隣接領域での議論に学ぶ必要がある。その際には，方法論を巡る議論の場＝“生態系”が役割を果たすと考えられるため，教育社会学界の経験から豊かな示唆が得られることと思われる。したがって，第二の問いへの答えとして「EBPMを介して分析手法の高度化が要請されているが，それを超えて課題であるのは，因果推論を正確に議論することであり，（教育）社会学だけでなく，心理学，経済学，情報科学等の隣接領域における議論や，これらの専門分野を超えたRubin，Pearl，Campbell の因果モデルの展開を参照しつつ，計量分析における因果関係の取扱い方について常に再考し続けること」を述べた。</p>

DOI： 10.11151/eds.104.29

CiNii Books

CiNii Research

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：名古屋大学高等研究教育センター  

大学入学共通テストの導入に向け、個々の大学でも入試改革が模索されている。特に国立大学では、一連の高大接続改革のなかで、アドミッションセンターの設置と担当教員の配置が進んできた。長期的な視野のもとに改革を進めていくためには、アドミッション担当教員のキャリアパスを確立し、継続的な職能成長を促す施策が必要である。以上を背景として、本研究では、国立大学のアドミッション担当教員を対象に、仕事とキャリアについての聞き取り調査を実施した。知見の第一は、経歴と職務の多様性である。第二に、職務の継続性の低さを、多くの対象者が課題として指摘していた。第三に、すべての対象者において、研究と教育を担うことの意義についての言及があった。上記より、アドミッション担当教員の継続的な職能成長を支えるためには、秘匿性の高い情報を扱うという業務内容ないし研究活動の特殊性を考慮したうえで、多様な職務経験や研究成果を共有する場を確保すること、キャリアパスと職務の継続性を確立すること、及び、役割に即した評価基準や雇用・昇進制度を整備することが必要であるとの示唆が得られた。特に、本研究の知見を踏まえるならば、アドミッション担当教員のキャリアの支援においては、入試業務の専門家としても、大学教員としての役割を担う者としても、教育・研究活動に関わる機会を併せて考えることが有効であるといえるだろう。In recent times, admission offices and the academics working there have been targeted for development. Particularly at the national universities, there is a specific mission to respond to the reform of the admissions system mandated by the government, and this has brought a rapid increase in the numbers of offices and academicsin- charge. However, very little information about these departments and personnel has been accumulated. In the present study, an interview was conducted on the current practices and careers of the admissions office academics at the national universities of Japan. As a result, a large diversity of roles and careers were identified. Nevertheless, several commonalities were found. Almost all the informants noted a lack of clarity regarding their duties and employment contracts, and they underscored the importance of their research and teaching roles. The findings of this study indicate the need for clearer vision and more effective support for the career paths of admissions office academics. Every aspect of these personnel&#039;s training should be given increased consideration because not only are they experts who help fulfill the institutional mandate for reform, but also believe they are responsible for the teaching and research that helps lay the foundations of their profession.本研究はJSPS科研費（課題番号：16H03761）の助成を受けた。

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：信州大学全学教育機構教職教育部  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：名古屋大学高等研究教育センター  

多職種連携教育は、近年、医療福祉分野の専門職教育を中心に、普及が進む取り組みである。多数の専門職の業務が重なり合う状況では、職種間の葛藤が避けられない。専門職間の対立を乗り越え、質の高い実践を行うためには、当事者間の日常的な交流もさることながら、多職種での協働を動機づけるための制度設計が欠かせない。多職種連携教育もまた、このような背景のもとに、公的な専門職教育カリキュラムのなかへの位置づけが進んでいる。しかし、その制度化のプロセスの解明については、研究の蓄積が少ない状況にある。本稿では、2016年9月から2017年5月にかけて行われた公認心理師カリキュラム等研究会の議事録を題材に、多職種連携教育が国家資格カリキュラムに組み込まれるまでの過程を分析する。本稿が明らかにする第一の点は、いつのタイミングで、誰の主張により、多職種連携教育が公認心理師の国家資格カリキュラムに加えられることになったのか、である。第二の点は、多職種連携教育が目指す到達目標が、どのような検討会メンバーの課題意識と議論を背景として設定されたのか、である。In recent years, Inter Professional Education (IPE) prevails among various professional educators in Japan, especially in healthcare. When many professionals&#039; tasks overlap, conflict between occupations cannot be avoided. To overcome such conflict and to conduct high-quality practice, designing institutions to motivate collaboration and to build good relationships in daily practice are essential. In this circumstance, IPE has been incorporated into some professions&#039; public curriculum. However, little study on institutionalizing IPE has been conducted. This paper analyzes IPE&#039;s institutionalization through a case study of Japanese psychologists. In Japan, the Ministries of Education and Health formed a committee to build a national curriculum for psychologists from September 2016 to May 2017. Using text analysis of the committee&#039;s minutes, this paper examines the following two points: First, it clarifies the main actor who claimed that IPE should be added to the national curriculum. Second, it considers committee members&#039; multifarious interests in IPE for psychologists.

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本教育行政学会  

&lt;p&gt;This paper considered the reform trends of current teacher education in Japan from the perspective of the sociology of professions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, this paper summarized the trends in the sociological studies of the professions. In recent years, sociological studies of professions tend to define the professions broadly as intellectual occupational groups. One of the main themes of these studies is to investigate how the professions change their knowledge level, task area, influence, and how they interact with states, universities, and other occupations. In addition to this, recent studies of the sociology of professions tend to argue that the model image of professions is diversifying in some new professions like management consultancy as well as in traditional professions like doctors. This paper defined this situation as &quot;re-professionalization&quot;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Secondly, this paper focused on the problem of the core curriculum of teacher education that is the one of the main issues of the recent reform of teacher education in Japan. The recent reform should not be denied entirely, because it has features of the policy for the re-professionalization of teacher education. However, the recent reform also includes some problems. The policy making process of the recent reform is mainly promoted by the Ministry of Education, and the reform plan heavily reflects the interest of administrators. As a consequence of this, the recent reform plan of teacher education lacks consideration for diversification of teachers, and participation of professional groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thirdly, this paper examined the possibility of the plural accreditation in teacher education as a solution for the problem of the diversity and participation of professional groups of teachers. In comparison with doctors which is a precedent example of core curriculum, the teachers are characterized by a massive working population and internal diversity. This feature of teachers makes it difficult to build a unified core curriculum with the participation of professional groups of teachers. As one solution to this problem, we can learn many from the plural accreditation system of the U.S. teacher education or the U.S. psychologist education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, this paper argued that we should build multiple associations for accreditation and devote more time to making a core curriculum. We should not use a rough-and-ready method to make a rigid unified core curriculum without the participation of professional groups of teachers. We may have another way to make a more flexible core curriculum through competition or cooperation of plural accreditation groups. Each of them holds a different professional image of teachers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concepts of professions are diversifying in many other occupations as well as in the teaching profession. Faced with this situation, we need to consider the diversity of the professional image of teachers, and to discuss the plural accreditation system for participation of professional groups of teachers.&lt;/p&gt;

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（大学，研究機関等紀要）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this paper, we defined the "field of education" as the political field which consists of educational problems and participants. Then we clarified its structure and relations by using the network analysis. We comprehended the peripheral problems which have been overlooked in the analysis of the process of the higher educational policy and extracted core issues and core actors, then tried to clarify the characteristics of the structure of the field of education in modern Japan. As a result, (1) We could extract the core issues and actors in the field of education and higher education. And our findings are (2) there is a large difference in its network density and structure, and (3) the field of higher education consists of some actors such as governmental, quasi-governmental actors and mediators with business field and so on.

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

本稿では日本社会において急速に社会的認知を獲得した「カウンセラー」を対象に専門職化論の枠組みから考察を行なった。具体的にはカウンセラー資格の中でも歴史・規模において顕著な産業カウンセラーの成立・発展の歴史を分析した。総じて産業カウンセラーの歴史は、専門職確立の理想に向けた職業集団の戦略と現実的な社会状況との葛藤によって描き出されるものであった。このような分析から、専門職の発達過程を捉える上で職業集団の職域確保戦略の成否に注目する重要性を指摘したことが、本研究の最終的な知見である。

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

　1990年代以降，日本においては「カウンセリング」が社会に広く普及してきたが，その担い手である「カウンセラー」は多様な資格・専門性によって構成されている．本稿では，このような専門的職業の歴史を扱うにあたって，Andrew Abbottの専門職論へと注目する．具体的には，Abbottの提示した「緩い専門職規定」と，多様な職業集団の相互作用に注目した「専門職の発達理論」，及びAbbott自身によるアメリカにおける心理療法・カウンセリングの勃興に関する歴史記述を検討した．総じて，Abbottの専門職論は，従来の「専門職化」論における関心の中心にあった「一般的職業はどのように専門職となりうるのか」との問いへの新たな回答を用意するものではない一方で，知的職業一般の職域確保の過程についての分析枠組みを提供するものである．このようなAbbottの専門職論における有効性と限界についての考察から，「知的職業の誕生」，「知的職業による新規職域の獲得」，「professionalismの輸入と変容」という，個別の職業に分断されない新たな「専門職化」の視点の重要性を導き出したことが，本研究の最終的な知見である．

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Organizations of clinical psychologist were organized on two occasions in Japan at the initiative of professional societies. The move toward professionalization in the 1960s used a strategy which gave priority to the acquisition of specialist status and autonomy than to obtaining a state-granted qualification. As a result, it failed to obtain the support of professionals working in the clinical field. However, in the 1970s, the whole clinical mental occupation reached consensus on the need to promote specialist status, from a sense of crisis brought about by the unwillingness of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and doctors to create a qualification. In the second professionalization in the 1980s, calls were made for the advancement of specialist status and the establishment of a training system. Thanks to a strategy of professionalization aimed at developing an educational field, it came to attain "miraculous" growth. This professionalization of clinical psychologists was based on the leadership of professional societies, which developed specialist attributes for the cultivation of a "science-profession" core based on a "dual strategy", to gain professional status. The clinical psychologists used a dual strategy toward the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Education, expanded the market autonomously and produced a great deal of "science-profession." However, it can be said that the professional society-led model has the danger of following the route of very unstable professionalization, which can be easily influenced of many domains although it has the potential for expanding new markets and the development of an autonomous training system.

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

記述言語：日本語

CiNii Books

総ページ数：350   記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

記述言語：日本語

総ページ数：375   記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：教科書・概説・概論

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：記事・総説・解説・論説等（商業誌、新聞、ウェブメディア）  

開催年月日： 2020年5月

記述言語：日本語  

開催年月日： 2019年10月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2019年9月

記述言語：日本語  

開催年月日： 2019年6月

記述言語：日本語  

開催年月日： 2019年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

開催年月日： 2018年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2018年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2018年6月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2018年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催年月日： 2018年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（基調）  

開催年月日： 2017年8月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

開催年月日： 2016年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2016年7月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2016年1月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2015年8月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年12月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2014年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2013年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2012年10月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2011年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2011年6月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2010年2月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2009年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2009年8月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2007年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2007年7月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2007年3月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2006年11月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

開催年月日： 2006年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

国名：日本国  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（基調）  

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（招待・特別）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

この授業では、高等教育における政策研究のアプローチの一つとして、「政策過程論」を取り上げる。政策過程論は、政策形成プロセスのメカニズムの解明や、諸アクターの利害・影響力の分析を通じて、更なる政策形成・改善に資する知識やモデルを提供することを目的とするアプローチである。授業では、この政策過程論の考え方について、高等教育政策を事例に理解を深めていく。

対象： 教育関係者,　研究者

種別：セミナー・ワークショップ