研究者詳細 - 青木　宏文

論文 - 青木　宏文

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Development of Hybrid-Vehicle Energy-Consumption Model for Transportation Applications-Part I: Driving-Power Equation Development and Coefficient Calibration

Pitanuwat, S; Aoki, H; Iizuka, S; Morikawa, T

ENERGIES 13 巻 ( 2 ) 2020年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Energies

This study is the first of a two-part paper. The overall study presents a new methodology to improve the accuracy of hybrid vehicles’ energy-consumption model over conventional transportation modeling methods. The first paper attempts to improve an equation for vehicles’ driving-power estimation to be more realistic and specific for a particular vehicle model or fleet. The second paper adopts the driving-power equation to estimate the requested driving power. Then, the data are utilized to construct the hybrid-vehicle energy-consumption model, namely, the traction-force–speed-based energy-consumption model (TFS model). The main concept of the first paper is to utilize the power-split hybrid powertrain’s accessible on-board diagnostics (OBD) dataset, and its dynamic model to estimate the total propulsion power. Then, propulsion power was applied as the main parameter for driving-power equation development and vehicle-specific coefficient calibration. For coefficient calibration, this study implemented the stepwise multiple regression method to select and calibrate an optimal set of coefficients. Results showed that conventional driving-power equations Vehicle-Specific Power (VSP) LDV 1999 and VSP Prius3Spec provide low prediction fidelity, especially under high-speed (>80 km/h) and heavy-load driving (≥50 kW). In contrast, DrvPwPrius3, proposed in this study, effectively improved prediction to become more accurate and reliable through all driving conditions and speed ranges. It dramatically helped to reduce prediction discrepancy over the conventional equations at heavy-load driving, from an R-square of 0.79 and 0.78 to 0.96. DrvPwPrius3 also the prediction error at high-speed driving from the maximal error of approximately −20 to −5 kW. This study also discovered that aerodynamics and rolling resistance were the primary factors that caused the prediction error of conventional VSP equations. In addition, results in this study showed that both of the approaches used to establish the PPTdrv and DrvPwPrius3 equations were valid for a power-split hybrid vehicle’s driving-power estimation. For the coefficient-calibration part, the stepwise and multiple regression method is low-cost and simple, allowing to calibrate an appropriate set of optimal coefficients for a specific vehicle model or fleet.

DOI： 10.3390/en13020476

Web of Science

Scopus

Analysis of Distraction and Driving Behavior Improvement Using a Driving Support Agent for Elderly and Non-Elderly Drivers on Public Roads

Tanaka, T; Fujikake, K; Yoshihara, Y; Karatas, N; Shimazaki, K; Aoki, H; Kanamori, H

2020 IEEE INTELLIGENT VEHICLES SYMPOSIUM (IV) 頁： 1029 - 1034 2020年

交通場面に対する高齢ドライバ注視行動と認知機能の関係

島崎敢, 稲上誠, 青木宏文, 武田夏佳, 山内さつき

人間工学 56 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 2E4 - 03-2E4-03 2020年

ドライブレコーダで計測した一時停止交差点での緊急制動頻度・左右確認行動と高齢ドライバの認知身体特性・運転意識の関係

米川隆, 青木宏文, 山岸未沙子, 田中貴紘, 吉原佑器, 藤掛和広, 稲上誠, 金森等, 青木邦友, 平野昭夫, 武田夏佳

自動車技術会論文集 51 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 701 - 706 2020年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：公益社団法人自動車技術会

近年，高齢ドライバの交通事故が増加し，出会い頭事故が多いことが知られている．そこで，50～82歳のドライバ22名のドライブレコーダによる一時停止交差点の運転データと，認知身体検査や運転スタイルなどのアンケートから，一時停止交差点での左右確認行動や急制動行動と認知身体特性や運転意識の関係を検討した．

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.51.701

CiNii Research

ドライバエージェントの継続利用に伴う受容性の変化

藤掛和広, 田中貴紘, 吉原佑器, Nihan KARATAS, 青木宏文, 金森等

人間工学 56 巻 ( Supplement ) 頁： 2E2-04 - 2E2-04 2020年

Analysis of Distraction and Driving Behavior Improvement Using a Driving Support Agent for Elderly and Non-Elderly Drivers on Public Roads

Tanaka T., Fujikake K., Yoshihara Y., Karatas N., Shimazaki K., Kanamori H., Aoki H.

IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings 頁： 1029 - 1034 2020年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）出版者・発行元：IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Proceedings

Japan has become a more aged society and there are more drivers, 65 years of age and above. Cars represent an important mode of transportation for the elderly; however, in recent years, the number of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers has been on the rise, and this has become a social issue. Thus, to ensure driving safety, we study a driver agent system that provides driving and feedback support to the elderly drivers for encouraging them to improve their driving. In this paper, we present a summary of the proposed agent and report on a set of experiments using our agent for the elderly and non-elderly drivers in an actual environment with car on public roads. From the analysis of driving operations and fixation points during driving, the results revealed that the acceptability of the agent was high, the agent in the actual car environment did not distract the driver, and the agent could improve driving behavior.

DOI： 10.1109/IV47402.2020.9304569

Scopus

Study on acceptability of and distraction by driving support agent in actual car environment

Tanaka T., Fujikake K., Yoshihara Y., Karatas N., Aoki H., Kanamori H.

HAI 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction 頁： 202 - 204 2019年9月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）出版者・発行元：HAI 2019 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Agent Interaction

Cars represent an important mode of transportation for the elderly; however, in recent years, the number of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers in Japan has increased. Thus, to ensure driving safety, we are researching a driver agent system that provides driving support and feedback support to elderly drivers to encourage them to improve their driving. In this paper, we report on a set of preliminary experiments using our agent in an actual car environment designed to evaluate the subjective acceptability of and distraction by the agent based on subjective evaluation and analysis of driver fixation points during driving. The results revealed that the acceptability of the agent was high and that the agent in an actual car environment did not distract the driver.

DOI： 10.1145/3349537.3352765

Scopus

Towards online detection of driver distraction: Eye-movement simulation based on a combination of vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic reflex models

Le, AS; Inagami, M; Hamada, H; Suzuki, T; Aoki, H

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 65 巻頁： 716 - 729 2019年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour

With the aim of developing a method for evaluating driver distraction based on the difference between simulated and observed eye movements, we integrated a vestibulo–ocular reflex (VOR) model and an optokinetic reflex (OKR) model. On the basis of 2 × 2 factorial design analysis (VOR model only and VOR+OKR model; with and without visual stimulus), we confirmed that the VOR+OKR model showed a better performance than the VOR model, with a smaller mean-square error. We also conducted an experiment that used an n-back task to simulate mental workload while driving. The mean-square error between the simulated and observed eye movement became larger in the presence of mental workload. This result suggests that the VOR+OKR model could be applied in the evaluation of driver distraction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.trf.2018.02.019

Web of Science

Scopus

Development of hybrid vehicle energy consumption model for transportation applications-Part II: Traction force-speed based energy consumption modeling

Pitanuwat S., Aoki H., Iizuka S., Morikawa T.

World Electric Vehicle Journal 10 巻 ( 2 ) 2019年6月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：World Electric Vehicle Journal

In the transportation sector, the fuel consumption model is a fundamental tool for vehicles' energy consumption and emission analysis. Over the past decades, vehicle-specific power (VSP) has been enormously adopted in a number of studies to estimate vehicles' instantaneous driving power. Then, the relationship between the driving power and fuel consumption is established as a fuel consumption model based on statistical approaches. This study proposes a new methodology to improve the conventional energy consumption modeling methods for hybrid vehicles. The content is organized into a two-paper series. Part I captures the driving power equation development and the coefficient calibration for a specific vehicle model or fleet. Part II focuses on hybrid vehicles' energy consumption modeling, and utilizes the equation obtained in Part I to estimate the driving power. Also, this paper has discovered that driving power is not the only primary factor that influences hybrid vehicles' energy consumption. This study introduces a new approach by applying the fundamental of hybrid powertrain operation to reduce the errors and drawbacks of the conventional modeling methods. This study employs a new driving power estimation equation calibrated for the third generation Toyota Prius from Part I. Then, the Traction Force-Speed Based Fuel Consumption Model (TFS model) is proposed. The combination of these two processes provides a significant improvement in fuel consumption prediction error compared to the conventional VSP prediction method. The absolute maximum error was reduced from 57% to 23%, and more than 90% of the predictions fell inside the 95% confidential interval. These validation results were conducted based on real-world driving data. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed model captures the efficiency variation of the hybrid powertrain well due to the multi-operation mode transition throughout the variation of the driving conditions. This study also provides a supporting analysis indicating that the driving mode transition in hybrid vehicles significantly affects the energy consumption. Thus, it is necessary to consider these unique characteristics to the modeling process.

DOI： 10.3390/wevj10020022

Scopus

2C3-6　ドライバエージェントの運転支援・振り返り支援に対する主観評価

藤掛和広, 田中貴紘, 吉原佑器, 稲上誠, 米川隆, 青木宏文, 金森等

人間工学 55 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 2C3-6-2C3-6 2019年

ドライバエージェントの運転支援及び振り返り支援による運転行動改善の効果

藤掛和広, 田中貴紘, 吉原佑器, 米川隆, 稲上誠, 青木宏文, 金森等

自動車技術会論文集 50 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 134 - 141 2019年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：公益社団法人自動車技術会

本研究では，ドライバエージェントによって運転行動が変容するのか検証した．エージェントのサポートは，「運転支援」「フィードバック」「運転支援とフィードバック」の3種類とした．その結果，エージェントを使用することで運転行動が改善された．運転行動が最も改善された条件は，「運転支援とフィードバック」だった．

DOI： 10.11351/jsaeronbun.50.134

CiNii Research

Identifying factors related to the estimation of near-crash events of elderly drivers

Yamagishi M., Yonekawa T., Inagami M., Sato T., Aakamatsu M., Aoki H.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 826 巻頁： 23 - 31 2019年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

This study attempted to identify factors associated with driving behavior of elderly drivers to assess their safety and estimate their risk during naturalistic driving. We performed binomial logistic regression using self-reported past crash involvement as a response variable to identify critical factors and provided an estimation model has 18 variables. However, applying driver category based on crash and near-crash events (CNCs) collected from naturalistic driving study employed on-dash cam instead of self-reported crash involvement to the previous model showed lower predictive performance (0.63 for sensitivity and 0.51 for specificity). This implies that the model based on self-reported crash experiences was difficult to detect for drivers with CNC during naturalistic driving. Then, we performed binomial logistic regression based on CNC involvement and indicated another model, where the predictive performance was improved, with 0.81 for sensitivity and 0.70 for specificity. To predict the number of CNCs as drivers’ risk, this study adopted Poisson regression analysis using nine variables selected from the second model. The analyses showed a plausible model and significant variables for the estimation of CNCs. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was one of the better predictor putting in this model, and showed the probability that lower performance associated with higher number of CNCs. This model for CNC estimation would be helpful for the development of safety programs for elderly drivers with possible incidents.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-319-96065-4_4

Scopus

自己の運転習慣に関する知識と実運転との不一致にかかわる要因

山岸未沙子, 青木宏文

日本認知心理学会発表論文集 2019 巻 ( 0 ) 2019年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本認知心理学会

<p>自己の運転習慣に関する知識は自己報告によって調査されてきたが，実際の運転記録とは必ずしも一致しない．活動量や運転習慣に関する研究は，活動や運転の頻度，性格が過大評価に繋がることを示したが，運転についての態度を扱った研究は少ない．本研究の50–83歳のドライバ66名の運転距離と頻度 (日／週) における自己報告と実運転の一致度は距離0.07，日数0.03であった．この一致・不一致に関わる要因を検討するために，頻度や態度を説明変数として二項ロジスティック解析を行った結果，性別と運転スタイル (運転スキルへの自信有無，運転に対する消極性，ステイタスシンボルとしての車) のオッズ比が上位であった．自己報告の過小視，過大視に因子ごとの特徴的な傾向は示されなかったため，実運転との矛盾の方向性には，ここで扱った変数とは異なる内的過程が関与する，または運転への態度によるモニタリングの経験が関与する可能性が考えられる．</p>

DOI： 10.14875/cogpsy.2019.0_40

Effect of Sliding Window Time on the Classification of Driver Mental Workload Performance Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Le A.S., Aoki H.

IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC 2018-November 巻頁： 1815 - 1819 2018年12月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）出版者・発行元：IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promising solution for classifying mental workload while driving, which is important for creating a support system and preventing traffic accidents. Most of the existing research classified mental workload levels via machine learning or deep learning algorithms, where the sliding window time plays an important role in obtaining the features. This study investigated a novel classification of mental workload level using NIRS data by the difference of sliding window time in both channel-independent and subject-independent scenarios. Five sliding times from 1 to 5 s were tested for classification of the mental workload level in 60 experiments in the naturalistic condition. The results indicated that the sliding times were not significantly related to the accuracy of classification using NIRS data when the sample size was just enough. Furthermore, this study succeeded in indicating the driver mental workload using NIRS information in the naturalistic situation with autocross and car-following conditions with an accuracy of over 80%.

DOI： 10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569996

Scopus

高度運転支援システムのユーザビリティ評価要因に関する検討査読有り

前東晃礼, 三輪和久, 青木宏文, 鈴木達也

認知科学 25 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 310 - 323 2018年12月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本認知科学会

&ensp;This study investigated which factors affect the usability evaluation of an ACC (Adaptive cruise control). In the experiment, the participants drove a Toyota Prius car with an ACC on real highway. 215 different kinds of driving data were sampled at 60 Hz during driving. At each of the six designated stop points set on driving course, the participants stopped the car and evaluated the usability of the ACC by answering Usability Questionnaire for Automation System. The participants' driving styles were measured with Driving Style Questionnaire. As results of multiple regression analyses,we found how the participants' driving styles, the driving control of the ACC, and the participants' intervention in the driving control of the ACC influenced the usability evaluation. The results were discussed in terms of the human-automation interaction and the design principles of an ACC.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.25.310

CiNii Research

A Novel Method for Classifying Driver Mental Workload Under Naturalistic Conditions With Information From Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Le Anh Son, Aoki Hirofumi, Murase Fumihiko, Ishida Kenji

FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE 12 巻 2018年10月

高齢期の認知機能低下と安全運転：支援立案に向けた研究課題の整理査読有り

河野直子, 青木宏文, 尾崎紀夫

認知科学 25 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 243 - 258 2018年9月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本認知科学会

&ensp;This article reviewed the association between safe driving and cognitive impairment in elderly individuals, and discussed leaving problems about assessing elderly drivers for fitness to drive and facilitating their mobility. This review placed particular emphasis on the concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which has been used in clinical practice and research over the last two decades. The technical term "MCI" has been based on various criteria, contributing to the difficulty in achieving a consistent explanation of the results from previous studies. Each diagnosis was therefore summarized at first, then previous studies were reviewed to gain an understanding of the impact of cognitive decline on driving safety in drivers with MCI and dementia. Findings of previous studies were also classified into each cognitive disorder due to specific disease (e.g. Alzheimer's disease; Perkinson's disease; Lewy body disease; frontotemporal lobar degeneration). Finally, the needs of future studies regarding safe-driving and mobility maintenance for elderly individuals are discussed.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.25.243

CiNii Research

SmartEye and Polhemus data for vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic reflex model.

Le AS, Aoki H

Data in brief 18 巻頁： 882 - 885 2018年6月

Study on Driver Agent Based on Analysis of Driving Instruction Data - Driver Agent for Encouraging Safe Driving Behavior (1)

Tanaka, T; Fujikake, K; Yonekawa, T; Yamagishi, M; Inagami, M; Kinoshita, F; Aoki, H; Kanamori, H

IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS E101D 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1401 - 1409 2018年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems

In recent years, the number of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers has increased in Japan. However, cars are an importantmode of transportation for the elderly. Therefore, to ensure safe driving, a system that can assist elderly drivers is required. We propose a driver-agent system that provides support to elderly drivers during and after driving and encourages them to improve their driving. This paper describes the prototype system and the analysis conducted of the teaching records of a human instructor, the impression caused by the instructions on a subject during driving, and subjective evaluation of the driver-agent system.

DOI： 10.1587/transinf.2017EDP7203

Web of Science

Scopus

CiNii Research

Effect of Sliding Window Time on the Classification of Driver Mental Workload Performance Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Le, AS; Aoki, H

2018 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITSC) 頁： 1815 - 1819 2018年

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