Faculty Profiles - KINOSHITA, Makoto

Mice with cleavage-resistant N-cadherin exhibit synapse anomaly in the hippocampus and outperformance in spatial learning tasks Reviewed Open Access

Asada-Utsugi M., Uemura K., Kubota M., Noda Y., Tashiro Y., Uemura T. M., Yamakado H., Urushitani M., Takahashi R., Hattori S., Miyakawa T., Ageta-Ishihara N., Kobayashi K., Kinoshita M., Kinoshita A.

Vol. 14 ( 1 ) 2021.1

Developmental and postdevelopmental roles of septins in the brain. Invited Reviewed International journal

Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Makoto Kinoshita

Neuroscience research 2020.11

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Morphogenetic processes during brain development and postdevelopmental remodeling of neural architecture depend on the exquisite interplay between the microtubule- and actin-based cytoskeletal systems. Accumulation of evidence indicates cooperative roles of another cytoskeletal system composed of the septin family. Here we overview experimental findings on mammalian septins and their hypothetical roles in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells, neurite development, synapse formation and regulations. The diverse, mostly unexpected phenotypes obtained from gain- and loss-of-function mutants point to unknown molecular network to be elucidated, which may underlie pathogenetic processes of infectious diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.006

PCP-dependent transcellular regulation of actomyosin oscillation facilitates convergent extension of vertebrate tissue Reviewed International coauthorship Open Access

Asako Shindo, Yasuhiro Inoue, Makoto Kinoshita, John B. Wallingford

Developmental Biology Vol. 446 ( 2 ) page： 159 - 167 2019.2

UBL3 modification influences protein sorting to small extracellular vesicles Reviewed Open Access

Hiroshi Ageta, Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Keisuke Hitachi, Ozge Karayel, Takanori Onouchi, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Tomoaki Kahyo, Ken Hatanaka, Koji Ikegami, Yusuke Yoshioka, Kenji Nakamura, Nobuyoshi Kosaka, Masashi Nakatani, Akiyoshi Uezumi, Tomihiko Ide, Yutaka Tsutsumi, Haruhiko Sugimura, Makoto Kinoshita, Takahiro Ochiya, Matthias Mann, Mitsutoshi Setou, Kunihiro Tsuchida

Nature Communications Vol. 9 ( 1 ) 2018.12

CDC42EP4, a perisynaptic scaffold protein in Bergmann glia, is required for glutamatergic tripartite synapse configuration. Invited Reviewed International journal Open Access

Natsumi Ageta-Ishihara, Kohtarou Konno, Maya Yamazaki, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Masahiko Watanabe, Makoto Kinoshita

Neurochemistry International Vol. 119 page： 190 - 198 2018.10

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier {BV}

Configuration of tripartite synapses, comprising the pre-, post-, and peri-synaptic components (axon terminal or bouton, dendritic spine, and astroglial terminal process), is a critical determinant of neurotransmitter kinetics and hence synaptic transmission. However, little is known about molecular basis for the regulation of tripartite synapse morphology. Previous studies showed that CDC42EP4, an effector protein of a cell morphogenesis regulator CDC42, is expressed exclusively in Bergmann glia in the cerebellar cortex, that it forms tight complex with the septin heterooligomer, and that it interacts indirectly with the glutamate transporter GLAST and MYH10/nonmuscle myosin ΙΙB. Scrutiny of Cdc42ep4-/- mice had revealed that the CDC42EP4-septins-GLAST interaction facilitates glutamate clearance, while the role for CDC42EP4-septins-MYH10 interaction has remained unsolved. Here, we find anomalous configuration of the tripartite synapses comprising the parallel fiber boutons, dendritic spines of Purkinje cells, and Bergmann glial processes in Cdc42ep4-/- mice. The complex anomalies include 1) recession of Bergmann glial membranes from the nearest active zones, and 2) extension of nonactive synaptic contact around active zone. In line with the recession of Bergmann glial membranes by the loss of CDC42EP4, overexpression of CDC42EP4 in heterologous cells promotes cell spreading and partitioning of MYH10 to insoluble (i.e., active) fraction. Paradoxically, however, Cdc42ep4-/- cerebellum contained significantly more MYH10 and N-cadherin, which is attributed to secondary neuronal response mainly in Purkinje cells. Given cooperative actions of N-cadherin and MYH10 for adhesion between neurons, we speculate that their augmentation may reflect the extension of nonactive synaptic contacts in Cdc42ep4-/- cerebellum. Transcellular mechanism that links the absence of CDC42EP4 in Bergmann glia to the augmentation of N-cadherin and MYH10 in neurons is currently unknown, but the phenotypic similarity to GLAST-null mice indicates involvement of the glutamate intolerance. Together, the unique phenotype of Cdc42ep4-/- mice provides a clue to novel molecular network underlying tripartite synapse configuration.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.003

Septin-dependent remodeling of cortical microtubule drives cell reshaping during epithelial wound healing. Reviewed International coauthorship International journal Open Access

Asako Shindo, Anastasia Audrey, Maki Takagishi, Masahide Takahashi, John B Wallingford, Makoto Kinoshita

Journal of Cell Science Vol. 131 ( 12 ) page： jcs212647 - jcs212647 2018.6

Authorship：Last author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Company of Biologists

Wounds in embryos heal rapidly through contraction of the wound edges. Despite well-recognized significance of the actomyosin purse string for wound closure, roles for other cytoskeletal components are largely unknown. Here, we report that the septin cytoskeleton cooperates with actomyosin and microtubules to coordinate circumferential contraction of the wound margin and concentric elongation of wound-proximal cells in Xenopus laevis embryos. Microtubules reoriented radially, forming bundles along lateral cell cortices in elongating wound-proximal cells. Depletion of septin 7 (Sept7) slowed wound closure by attenuating the wound edge contraction and cell elongation. ROCK/Rho-kinase inhibitor-mediated suppression of actomyosin contractility enhanced the Sept7 phenotype, whereas the Sept7 depletion did not affect the accumulation of actomyosin at the wound edge. The cortical microtubule bundles were reduced in wound-proximal cells in Sept7 knockdown (Sept7-KD) embryos, but forced bundling of microtubules mediated by the microtubule-stabilizing protein Map7 did not rescue the Sept7-KD phenotype. Nocodazole-mediated microtubule depolymerization enhanced the Sept7-KD phenotype, suggesting that Sept7 is required for microtubule reorganization during cell elongation. Our findings indicate that septins are required for the rapid wound closure by facilitating cortical microtubule reorganization and the concentric elongation of surrounding cells.

DOI： 10.1242/jcs.212647

神経ネットワークの形と機能を制御する細胞骨格系分子群 Invited

木下　専

DOJIN BIOSCIENCE SERIES 28脳神経化学　脳はいま化学の言葉でどこまで語れるか 2018.4

グルタミン酸輸送体の足場となり、クリアランスを促進するシナプス周囲グリア突起内の蛋白質複合体 Invited

木下　専

日本生物学的精神医学会誌（特集　精神神経疾患と興奮性アミノ酸受容体） Vol. 28 ( 2 ) page： 84 - 86 2017.4

Septin Interferes with the Temperature-Dependent Domain Formation and Disappearance of Lipid Bilayer Membranes. Reviewed International journal Open Access

Shunsuke Yamada, Takumi Isogai, Ryugo Tero, Yohko Tanaka-Takiguchi, Toru Ujihara, Makoto Kinoshita, Kingo Takiguchi

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids Vol. 32 ( 48 ) page： 12823 - 12832 2016.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Chemical Society ({ACS})

Domain formation or compartmentalization in a lipid bilayer membrane has been thought to take place dynamically in cell membranes and play important roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of their physiological functions. In addition, the membrane skeleton, which is a protein assembly beneath the cell membrane, also regulates the properties as well as the morphology of membranes because of its role as a diffusion barrier against constitutive molecules of the membrane or as a scaffold for physiological reactions. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between lipid bilayer membranes and proteins that form the membrane skeleton. Among cytoskeletal systems, septin is unique because it forms arrays on liposomes that contain phosphoinositides, and this property is thought to contribute to the formation of the annulus in sperm flagellum. In this study, a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) was used to investigate the effect of septin on lipid bilayers because SLBs rather than liposomes are suitable for observation of the membrane domains formed. We found that SLBs containing phosphatidylinositol (PI) reversibly form domains by decreasing the temperature and that septin affects both the formation and the disappearance of the cooling-induced domain. Septin inhibits the growth of cooling-induced domains during decreases in temperature and inhibits the dispersion and the disappearance of those domains during increases in temperature. These results indicate that septin complexes, i.e., filaments or oligomers assembling on the surface of lipid bilayer membranes, can regulate the dynamics of domain formation via their behavior as an anchor for PI molecules.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03452

Septin7 regulates inner ear formation at an early developmental stage. Reviewed International journal Open Access

Hiroko Torii, Atsuhiro Yoshida, Tatsuya Katsuno, Takayuki Nakagawa, Juichi Ito, Koichi Omori, Makoto Kinoshita, Norio Yamamoto

Developmental biology Vol. 419 ( 2 ) page： 217 - 228 2016.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Septins are guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins that are evolutionally conserved in all eukaryotes other than plants. They function as multimeric complexes that interact with membrane lipids, actomyosin, and microtubules. Based on these interactions, septins play essential roles in the morphogenesis and physiological functions of many mammalian cell types including the regulation of microtubule stability, vesicle trafficking, cortical rigidity, planar cell polarity, and apoptosis. The inner ear, which perceives auditory and equilibrium sensation with highly differentiated hair cells, has a complicated gross morphology. Furthermore, its development including morphogenesis is dependent on various molecular mechanisms, such as apoptosis, convergent extension, and cell fate determination. To determine the roles of septins in the development of the inner ear, we specifically deleted Septin7 (Sept7), the non-redundant subunit in the canonical septin complex, in the inner ear at different times during development. Foxg1Cre-mediated deletion of Sept7, which achieved the complete knockout of Sept7 within the inner ear at E9.5, caused cystic malformation of inner ears and a reduced numbers of sensory epithelial cells despite the existence of mature hair cells. Excessive apoptosis was observed at E10.5,E11.5 and E12.5 in all inner ear epithelial cells and at E10.5 and E11.5 in prosensory epithelial cells of the inner ears of Foxg1Cre;Septin7floxed/floxed mice. In contrast with apoptosis, cell proliferation in the inner ear did not significantly change between control and mutant mice. Deletion of Sept7 within the cochlea at a later stage (around E15.5) with Emx2Cre did not result in any apparent morphological anomalies observed in Foxg1Cre;Septin7floxed/floxed mice. These results suggest that SEPT7 regulates gross morphogenesis of the inner ear and maintains the size of the inner ear sensory epithelial area and exerts its effects at an early developmental stage of the inner ear.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.012

A septin requirement differentiates autonomous and contact-facilitated T cell proliferation. Reviewed International coauthorship International journal Open Access

Adriana M Mujal, Julia K Gilden, Audrey Gérard, Makoto Kinoshita, Matthew F Krummel

Nature Immunology Vol. 17 ( 3 ) page： 315 - 22 2016.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Nature

T cell proliferation is initiated by T cell antigen receptor (TCR) triggering, soluble growth factors or both. In characterizing T cells lacking the septin cytoskeleton, we found that successful cell division has discrete septin-dependent and septin-independent pathways. Septin-deficient T cells failed to complete cytokinesis when prompted by pharmacological activation or cytokines. In contrast, cell division was not dependent on septins when cell-cell contacts, such as those with antigen-presenting cells, provided a niche. This septin-independent pathway was mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase activation through a combination of integrins and costimulatory signals. We were able to differentiate between cytokine- and antigen-driven expansion in vivo and thus show that targeting septins has strong potential to moderate detrimental bystander or homeostatic cytokine-driven proliferation without influencing expansion driven by conventional antigen-presentation.

DOI： 10.1038/ni.3330

Facilitation of axon outgrowth via a Wnt5a-CaMKK-CaMKIα pathway during neuronal polarization Reviewed Open Access

MAKOTO KINOSHITA

Molecular Brain Vol. 9 ( 8 ) 2016.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：BIOMED CENTRAL LTD

Background: Wnt5a, originally identified as a guidance cue for commissural axons, activates a non-canonical pathway critical for cortical axonal morphogenesis. The molecular signaling cascade underlying this event remains obscure.
Results: Through Ca2+ imaging in acute embryonic cortical slices, we tested if radially migrating cortical excitatory neurons that already bore primitive axons were sensitive to Wnt5a. While Wnt5a only evoked brief Ca2+ transients in immature neurons present in the intermediate zone (IZ), Wnt5a-induced Ca2+ oscillations were sustained in neurons that migrated out to the cortical plate (CP). We wondered whether this early Wnt5a-Ca2+ signaling during neuronal polarization has a morphogenetic consequence. During transition from round to polarized shape, Wnt5a administration to immature cultured cortical neurons specifically promoted axonal, but not dendritic, outgrowth. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the CaMKK-CaMKI alpha pathway abolished Wnt5a-induced axonal elongation, and rescue of CaMKI alpha in CaMKI alpha-knockdown neurons restored Wnt5a-mediated axon outgrowth.
Conclusions: This study suggests that Wnt5a activates Ca2+ signaling during a neuronal morphogenetic time window when axon outgrowth is critically facilitated. Furthermore, the CaMKK-CaMKI alpha cascade is required for the axonal growth effect of Wnt5a during neuronal polarization.

DOI： 10.1186/s13041-016-0189-3

Methods for immunoblot detection and electron microscopic localization of septin subunits in mammalian nervous systems Invited

L. K. Parajuli, N. Ageta-Ishihara, H. Ageta, Y. Fukazawa, M. Kinoshita

Methods in Cell Biology Vol. 136 page： 285 - 294 2016

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author Language：English Publishing type：Part of collection (book) Publisher：ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC

The minimal functional units of the mammalian septin system are diverse heterooligomers of SEPT1 1-14 subunits, which are most abundantly and differentially expressed in post mitotic neurons and glia. The subunit compositions of such heterooligomers are thought to differentiate their affinity for other proteins and lipids, and subcellular localization. Thus, high-precision quantification and mapping of each subunit is necessary to understand their subcellular functions and physiological roles. However, systematic information on the localization of individual septin subunits in the mammalian nervous system is limited. Here, we present our experimental workflows for the study of septin expression and localization in the rodent brain by immunoblot and serial section immunoelectron microscopy. Our protocols, based on standard methods, have been rigorously optimized and simplified for universality and reproducibility to aid non-experts in the field.

DOI： 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.04.021