Faculty Profiles - YAMAMOTO Eiko

Papers - YAMAMOTO Eiko

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Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in neoplastic trophoblasts of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Ino K, Yamamoto E, Ito T, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, Nomura S, Kikkawa F

PLACENTA Vol. 26 ( 8-9 ) page： A37 - A37 2005

Trnascriptional factor Ikaros-x might be involved in migratory and invasne ability in extravillous trophoblasts

Yamamoto E, Ito T, Graham CH, Ino K, Nomura S, Kikkawa F

PLACENTA Vol. 26 ( 8-9 ) page： A61 - A61 2005

Ikaros regulates invasiveness of human extravillous trophoblast

Yamamoto E, Ito T, Shido F, Sumigama S, Nomura S, Kikkawa F

PLACENTA Vol. 25 ( 10 ) page： A2 - A2 2004.11

Oxytocinase gene regulation by AP-2alpha with trophoblast differentiation

Nomura S, Ito T, Shido F, Yamamoto E, Ino K, Kikkawa F

PLACENTA Vol. 25 ( 10 ) page： A2 - A2 2004.11

The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase, ERAP1 is involved in expression of membrane HLA-G and soluble HLA-G on trophoblast cells by leukemia inhibitory factor

Shido F, Ito T, Nomura S, Yamamoto E, Sumigama S, Ino K, Itakura A, Mizutani S, Kikkawa F

PLACENTA Vol. 25 ( 10 ) page： A3 - A3 2004.11

Placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase gene regulation by activator protein-2 in BeWo cell model of human trophoblast differentiation

Iwanaga K, Nomura S, Ito T, Ikoma Y, Yamamoto E, Okada M, Itakura A, Kikkawa F, Tsujimoto M, Mizutani S

FEBS LETTERS Vol. 552 ( 2-3 ) page： 120 - 124 2003.9

Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on HbA(1c) levels.

Okada M, Nomura S, Ikoma Y, Yamamoto E, Ito T, Mitsui T, Tamakoshi K, Mizutani S

Diabetes care Vol. 26 ( 4 ) page： 1088 - 92 2003.4

Effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on HbA(1c) levels

Okada M, Nomura S, Ikoma Y, Yamamoto E, Ito T, Mitsui T, Tamakoshi K, Mizutani S

DIABETES CARE Vol. 26 ( 4 ) page： 1088 - 1092 2003.4

Elucidation of the role of XBP1 in the progression of complete hydatidiform mole to invasive mole through RNA-seq. Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

Mayu Shibata, Kosuke Yoshida, Akira Yokoi, Hironori Suzuki, Yusuke Yamamoto, Masami Kitagawa, Eri Asano-Inami, Yuko Yasui, Yuki Nishiko, Masato Yoshihara, Satoshi Tamauchi, Nobuhisa Yoshikawa, Kimihiro Nishino, Eiko Yamamoto, Kaoru Niimi, Hiroaki Kajiyama

Gynecologic oncology Vol. 190 page： 189 - 199 2024.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: A complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is a common disease and is known to develop post-molar gestational trophoblast neoplasia (GTN). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of CHM to post-molar GTN remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular factors associated with the progression using RNA-seq. METHODS: We included 13 patients with CHM and performed RNA-seq using freshly frozen samples. We identified differentially expressed genes between patients who developed GTN (GTN group) and those who achieved spontaneous remission after uterine evacuation (SR group), and performed pathway analysis. Then, functional analyses were performed on choriocarcinoma (JAR and JEG-3) and CHM (Hmol1-3B and Hmol1-2C) cells. Moreover, we evaluated the in vivo tumorigenicity of XBP1-overexpressed Hmol1-3B cells. RESULTS: The gene expression profiles were separated into two groups, and an upstream regulator analysis was performed using 281 differentially expressed genes. We focused on transcription factors and identified that 33 transcription factors were activated in the GTN group. Then, excluding those with low expression levels in clinical samples and cell lines, XBP1 was selected for further analysis. Additionally, XBP1 downregulation significantly decreased the migration and invasive abilities of choriocarcinoma cells, whereas XBP1 overexpression significantly increased the migration and invasive abilities of CHM cells. Furthermore, animal experiments showed that tumor weight and blood human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were significantly higher in the XBP1-overexpressing Hmol1-3B-bearing mice than those in the control mice. CONCLUSION: RNA-seq identified XBP1 as a key factor in post-molar GTN, suggesting it contributes to the development of post-molar GTN.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.08.023

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Infection prevention and control status at public hospitals and factors associated with COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in Myanmar: A cross-sectional study Reviewed International coauthorship International journal Open Access

Thet Mon Than, Moe Khaing, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Yu Mon Saw, Yamin Thaung, Thinzar Aung, Ei Mon Win, Souphalak Inthaphatha, Kimihiro Nishino, Eiko Yamamoto

BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 24 ( 1 ) page： 956 2024.9

Characteristics of adverse drug reactions due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a cross-sectional study.

Cholticha Sonsupap, Pattreya Pokhakul, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Yunosuke Suzuki, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Eiko Yamamoto

Nagoya journal of medical science Vol. 85 ( 4 ) page： 668 - 681 2023.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for treating pain and inflammation. Spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports represent a rich data source for the detection of unknown and rare ADRs. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the characteristics of ADRs due to NSAIDs in Thailand. All ADR reports of NSAIDs for systemic use from 2015 to 2019 were extracted from the national database in Thailand. Patient characteristics, drug use information, adverse event information, and source of senders in 32,857 reports were analyzed. The annual number of ADR reports due to NSAIDs decreased from 7,008 in 2015 to 5,922 in 2019. The most frequently reported drug was ibuprofen (n=12,645, 38.5%) followed by diclofenac (n=7,795, 23.7%), most patients were 40-59 years old, and the major adverse reaction was angioedema (n=7,513, 22.9%). Serious reactions were recorded in 20.7% (n=6,801) of the total ADRs. Most patients (n=20,593, 62.7%) recovered without sequelae, but there were 5,420 patients (16.5%) who could not recover and 3,109 patients (9.5%) who were recovering. Eight patients (0.02%) died of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (n=3), toxic epidermal necrolysis (n=4), and anaphylactic shock (n=1), which were possibly related to ADRs. The number of ADR reports due to NSAIDs decreased from 2015 to 2019 in Thailand. Serious ADRs and death cases accounted for 20.7% and 0.02%, respectively. Most fatal cases exhibited severe drug-induced skin reactions.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.85.4.668

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Period shaming behavior among male students in Luang Prabang Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study. International journal

Souphalak Inthaphatha, Leyla Isin-Xiong, Viengsakhone Louangpradith, Valee Xiong, Vue Xaitengcha, Alongkone Phengsavanh, Kimihiro Nishino, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Eiko Yamamoto

PloS one Vol. 18 ( 7 ) page： e0288145 2023.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Period shaming is defined as any negative and/or disrespectful behavior in relation to the menstrual cycle and menstruating girls. It is suggested that period shaming may limit girls' potential and ability to fully participate in school and community activities. This study aims to examine the prevalence and factors associated with period shaming among male students in Luang Prabang Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted during November 19-27, 2020. This study included 1,232 male students from secondary school grade 9 to 12 in Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR. Informed consent was obtained from the participants, parents/guardians, and teachers prior to data collection. The data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was employed to examine factors associated with period shaming behavior among male students. The mean age of the participants was 16.4 years old. Of all the male students, 18.8% admitted that they had shamed girls during their menstruation at least once. Of those who committed period shaming, they shamed girls some of the times (63.2%). Male students who had consumed alcohol during the last month before the data collection day (AOR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.32-2.55, P<0.001), had heard of menstruation (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.27-2.44, P<0.001), and those who had attended activities/classes about sexual reproductive health (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.29-2.78, P<0.01), were significantly associated with period shaming behavior. In conclusion, a single focus on providing biological health education may not be enough to address menstrual stigmatization and taboos. The school curriculum should integrate other life skill education with reproductive health, such as respect and gender equality, to encourage behavioral changes among male students, to address menstrual stigma and to support and empower girls' menstrual health at school and in the community.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0288145

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Causes of death, three delays, and factors associated with Delay 1 among maternal deaths in Myanmar: The maternal death surveillance in 2019. International journal

Khine Khine Tun, Souphalak Inthaphatha, Myint Moh Soe, Kimihiro Nishino, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Eiko Yamamoto

Midwifery Vol. 121 page： 103657 - 103657 2023.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Myanmar was the highest in Southeast Asia in 2017. The Three Delay Model is used to evaluate delays that contribute to maternal deaths. This study aims to identify MMR, causes of death, the three delays related to maternal deaths, and the factors associated with Delay 1, which is the time of delay in deciding to seek health care (from the start of the woman's illness to the time when the problem is recognized to be requiring care), in Myanmar. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANT: This study included 934 cases of maternal deaths reported from all states and regions throughout Myanmar in 2019 that were not caused by accidents and injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Socio-demographic factors, obstetrical factors, information about deaths, and assessment of delays were obtained from the Maternal Death Surveillance and Response System, the database of maternal deaths. Distribution of maternal deaths by states and regions, causes of maternal death, and types of delay that contributed to maternal deaths were descriptively summarized. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with Delay 1 among 567 maternal deaths without any missing data and unknown information on delays. FINDINGS: In 2019, the MMR was 106 (95% confidence interval, 99-112) per 100,000 live births. Of the 934 maternal deaths, 80.5% of deaths had at least one delay, and Delay 1 was the major delay (72.9%). Eclampsia/pre-eclampsia (21.6%), postpartum hemorrhage (18.2%), and abortion-related complications (13.2%) were the major causes of maternal death. The husband's low education, low household income, unplanned pregnancy, and no antenatal care were associated with Delay 1. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: The MMR was lower in 2019 than that in 2017 but remained high. Moreover, we demonstrate that most maternal deaths had at least one delay, mostly Delay 1. To prevent maternal deaths caused by Delay 1, the family planning should be promoted to prevent unplanned pregnancies. Educational training for healthcare providers who deliver antenatal care should be strengthened. Furthermore, education on the danger signs of pregnancy and during childbirth should be provided not only to pregnant women and their husbands in communities at health facilities.

DOI： 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103657

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Assessment of the underlying causes of adult deaths using a short version of verbal autopsy in Xaiyabouli Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic. International journal

Bounbouly Thanavanh, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Kaiyason Sida, Kene Duangdy, Lasavong Latsamy, Khounsavath Senaphane, Viengsakhone Louangpradith, Souphaphone Sadettan, Souphalak Inthaphatha, Kimihiro Nishino, Eiko Yamamoto

BMC public health Vol. 23 ( 1 ) page： 560 - 560 2023.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: In developing countries, it is difficult to collect the data of the underlying cause of death (UCOD), especially when a death does not occur in a health facility. This study aimed to develop a short version of verbal autopsy (VA) and identify the UCOD of adults in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). METHODS: A short version of VA for deaths outside health facilities was developed. This study included all deaths of people aged 15 years old or older in Xaiyabouli Province in 2020. Socio-demographic factors, place of death, and UCOD of the deceased were collected from health facilities or from family members using a questionnaire including the short VA form. UCOD was compared between home deaths and hospital deaths, between the age group of 15-59 years old and the age group ≥ 60 years old, and between males and females. RESULTS: Of all the 1,235 deaths included in this study, 1,012 deaths (81.9%) occured at home and 223 deaths (18.1%) at hospitals. The most common UCOD was senility (13.3%), followed by heart/renal failure (10.5%), pneumonia (9.6%) and traffic accident (7.1%). Compared to hospital deaths, home deaths had more people who were females, 75 years old or older, and Lao-Tai. Home deaths had more deaths than hospital deaths due to accident/injury (16.0% vs. 8.1%), tumor (4.7% vs. 1.8%), and senility (16.2% vs. 0%); fewer deaths due to heart/renal disease (15.1% vs. 32.3%), respiratory disease (12.2% vs. 18.8%), liver/gastro-intestine disease (5.3% vs. 9.0%), and infection (3.1% vs. 14.3%). The age group of 15-59 years had more deaths in the categories of accident/injury (28.1% vs. 4.4%), liver/gastro-intestine disease (8.1% vs. 4.4%), infection (7.2% vs. 3.5%), and tumor (6.0% vs. 2.8%). Males had more deaths due to tumor (5.2% vs. 3.0%) and fewer natural deaths (11.2% vs. 15.9%) than females. CONCLUSIONS: The major UCOD category was heart/renal disease in the adult generation in Xaiyabouli Province. Cost-effective interventions based on the multisectoral noncommunicable disease prevention plan should be appropriately implemented. Mortality surveillance using the short VA tool should be conducted for all home deaths in Lao PDR.

DOI： 10.1186/s12889-023-15469-2

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Reporting system on mortality statistics in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Souphalak Inthaphatha, Viengsakhone Louangpradith, Bounfeng Phoummalaysith, Bounbouly Thanavanh, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Eiko Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Hamajima

Nagoya journal of medical science Vol. 85 ( 1 ) page： 113 - 122 2023.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The system to collect information on mortality statistics in Lao PDR is not well established, accurate and timely death information is therefore not available. This article reports the system and process to make the mortality statistical data of Lao PDR. The country has a paper-based resident registration system, using a death notification document, a death certificate, and a family census book. The death notification document is important as it provides the cause of death, which is issued from a health facility and the village office. In the event of a death occurring at home, the family representative needs to report to the village office verbally to obtain a death notification document. On the other hand, if the death occurred in a medical facility, a death notification document from a health facility is provided. The family representative should bring the death notification document to the district Home Affairs office to register the death and obtain a death certificate. After that, the family representative needs to bring the death certificate to the district Public Security office for an amendment in the family census book. ICD-10 is under development regarding death notification from health facilities under the Ministry of Health. However, it is unclear how death notification from village offices can adopt ICD-10 as the majority of deaths occur outside health facilities. A comprehensive and integrated mortality reporting system is necessary in order to create a holistic health policy and welfare for the country.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.85.1.113

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Factors associated with positive cancer screening for the uterine cervix and breast in Jakarta Province, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. International journal

Lady Margaretha Febriany Sirait, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Yunosuke Suzuki, Endang Sri Wahyuningsih, Dwi Oktavia, Widyastuti, Souphalak Inthaphatha, Kimihiro Nishino, Eiko Yamamoto

BMC cancer Vol. 22 ( 1 ) page： 1309 - 1309 2022.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: In many middle-income countries, cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing, but data for developing a strategy of cancer control are rarely collected or analyzed. This study aimed to identify factors associated with positive cancer screening for the uterine cervix and breast in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. METHODS: The data of 79,660 women who had visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and 83,043 women who had clinical breast examination (CBE) in the Jakarta Women Cancer Screening program in 2019 were included in this study. Socio-demographic factors, reproductive factors, lifestyle factors, family history, and the results of VIA and CBE were used for analyses. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VIA positive or CBE positive. RESULTS: The positive rate was 0.9% for both VIA and CBE among the screening participants. Factors associated with VIA positive were age < 30 years old, age at menarche ≤ 11 years old, remarriage, lower educational level, having an occupation, partner's occupation other than being an employee, alcohol consumption, smoker, inadequate physical activity, cancer family history, and no Pap smear history. Factors associated with CBE positive were age at menarche ≤ 11 years old, widowed, high education, having an occupation, no breastfeeding history, birth control history, alcohol consumption, smoker, inadequate physical activity, cancer family history, and breast tumor history. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with VIA positive and CBE positive among Indonesian women were revealed. To promote female cancer prevention in Indonesia, the prevalence of screenings should be increased and education about the risk factors should be provided to medical professionals.

DOI： 10.1186/s12885-022-10381-1

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Epidemiologic study on gestational trophoblastic diseases in Japan. International journal

Eiko Yamamoto, Kimihiro Nishino, Kaoru Niimi, Kazuhiko Ino

Journal of gynecologic oncology Vol. 33 ( 6 ) page： e72 2022.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the population-based incidence of gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) and to identify the characteristics of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) in Japan. METHODS: The annual number of GTD and live births from 1974 to 2018 were used to estimate the incidence of GTD. The data of 1,574 GTN cases from 1999 to 2018 were analyzed to identify the characteristics of low-risk GTN, high-risk GTN, placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). RESULTS: The incidence of hydatidiform mole was 2.02 per 1,000 live births on average which decreased from 1974 to 2008 and increased from 2009 to 2018. The incidence of low-risk GTN, high-risk GTN, PSTT, and ETT was 15.3, 3.5, 0.3, and 0.07 per 100,000 live births, respectively. The estimated incidence of post-molar GTN was 9.8% of molar patients. High-risk GTN was diagnosed more pathologically, had more various kinds of antecedent pregnancies, and had longer intervals after the antecedent pregnancy compared to low-risk GTN. Furthermore, 8.2% of high-risk GTN occurred after the subsequent non-molar pregnancy of hydatidiform mole. The cumulative percentage of developing high-risk GTN after hydatidiform mole reached 89.3% at the 60th month. CONCLUSION: The incidence of hydatidiform mole, low-risk GTN, high-risk GTN was 2.02 per 1,000 live births, 15.3 per 100,000 live births, and 3.5 per 100,000 live births, respectively. High-risk GTN was diagnosed more pathologically and later after the antecedent pregnancy than low-risk GTN. Following molar patients for five years is needed to improve the mortality of malignant GTN.

DOI： 10.3802/jgo.2022.33.e72

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Children with neuro-developmental disorders at Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Cambodia.

Sreyleap Moeun, Jegannathan Bhoomikumar, Puthy Pat, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Yunosuke Suzuki, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Dearozet Sok, Eiko Yamamoto

Nagoya journal of medical science Vol. 84 ( 3 ) page： 593 - 606 2022.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CCAMH) is one of the centers that have psychiatric specialists for children in Cambodia. This study aims to understand the characteristics of children with neuro-developmental disorders, especially autism spectrum disorder (ASD), at CCAMH. This study included 440 cases that were randomly chosen from 2,147 new patients at CCAMH in 2018-2019 and were aged 0-12 years. Socio-demographic factors, parent's information, obstetrical factors, and clinical data were collected from patients' records. A logistic regression analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were used to compare the characteristics between children who were finally diagnosed with ASD and the others (non-ASD). Of the 440 patients, most were male (75.2%), 0-4 years old (57.7%), and diagnosed with ASD (50.0%). Common symptoms were delay of speech, playing alone, and hyperactivity. ASD was significantly more prevalent in male patients compared to females and in the 0-4 years age group compared to the 5-12 years age group. Parents who lived in Phnom Penh and had high education were more likely to visit the CCAMH with their children who were diagnosed with ASD. Regarding treatment, approximately half of all 440 patients had family counselling and psychosocial education. ASD patients had more speech therapy, special education and structured teaching, and networking and coordination therapy compared to non-ASD patients. To provide education and therapy to children with ASD and their parents from the early stage, information about the center and ASD should be widely distributed to all parents in Cambodia.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.84.3.593

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Satisfaction With Health Care Services at the Pediatric Specialist Clinic of the National Referral Center in Malaysia: Cross-sectional Study of Caregivers' Perspectives. International journal

Thinakaran M Selvarajah, Eiko Yamamoto, Yu Mon Saw, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Nobuyuki Hamajima

JMIRx med Vol. 3 ( 2 ) page： e33025 2022.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The concept of customer satisfaction is gaining hold in all corporate sectors worldwide, and a satisfaction survey is used as a tool to discover service problems and as a chance for customers to rate their experience with health care services. A high degree of patient satisfaction with the services given has been found in numerous studies conducted in Malaysian public health care facilities. However, there is limited information available on caregiver satisfaction with pediatric clinics run by the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Malaysia. OBJECTIVE: This was the first research performed at a public hospital's pediatric clinic, which was the first hospital to adopt the public-private-partnership model under the MoH, with the aim of discovering the prevalence and factors affecting the satisfaction of caregivers at the national referral center. METHODS: Cross-sectional research using the standard self-administered SERVQUAL questionnaire was conducted among caregivers accompanying their children to the clinic. The questionnaire consists of 16 paired statements to evaluate their expectations and experiences with the clinic services. RESULTS: A total of 459 caregivers were involved in this study with a majority aged between 30 and 39 years (n=254, 55.4%). Caregivers from the Indian community (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.91, 95% CI 1.37-6.18) and lower income groups (AOR 2.94, 95% CI 1.87-4.64), and those with lower educational backgrounds (AOR 3.58, 95% CI 1.19-10.72) were more likely to be satisfied with the quality of pediatric clinic services. Housewives/househusbands (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.90), on the other hand, appeared less likely to be satisfied with the services provided during their visit to the clinic. Looking at overall patient satisfaction, 50.5% (n=232) of caregivers demonstrated satisfaction with the quality of services, compared to 49.5% (n=227) of dissatisfied respondents. CONCLUSIONS: This paper suggests that, although most caregivers are satisfied with the services, greater emphasis must be placed on delivering reliable service in response to the MoH's mission to provide quality and integrated people-centered health services in Malaysia.

DOI： 10.2196/33025

PubMed

Development of a Vietnamese version of the Revised Hasegawa's Dementia scale.

Thi Phuong Tran, Duy Cuong Nguyen, Thi Van Quy Dang, Thi Khuyen Tran, Phong Tuc Vu, Minh Hoang Vu, Thu Hang Le, Thu Nandar Saw, Su Myat Cho, Tetsuyoshi Kariya, Eiko Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Yu Mon Saw

Nagoya journal of medical science Vol. 84 ( 2 ) page： 402 - 417 2022.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

As the aging population grows worldwide, the problem of age-related health is becoming an important public health concern. Dementia is a devastating disease that places a significant physical, emotional, and financial burden on patients, their caregivers, and society. It is predicted to increase in developing countries. The Revised Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS-R) has been used in many Asian countries to measure cognitive function. However, there is still no Vietnamese version of the HDS-R. Therefore, this paper describes the development of the HDS-R scale and manual in Vietnamese language. Two Vietnamese researchers translated the HDS-R from English to Vietnamese. To confirm the accuracy of the translation, two other Vietnamese researchers conducted a back-translation. Another pair of Vietnamese researchers compared the back-translated English version to the original one. All six researchers discussed the inconsistencies between English HDS-R scale and manual and derived the most suitable version for the Vietnamese context. In Questions 4 and Question 7, we changed the words from "cherry blossom" and "train" to "daisy flower" and "bicycle" for the first option, and from "plum blossom" to "rose" for the second option. We also changed the expressions in some places in the manual to fit the Vietnamese language. Future studies are needed to validate this version to be able to access cognitive function in both clinical and public healthcare settings.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.84.2.402

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Papers - YAMAMOTO Eiko