Faculty Profiles - SHIOKAWA, Kazuo

Papers - SHIOKAWA, Kazuo

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Height measurements of nightglow structures observed by all-sky imagers Reviewed

Kubota M, Ishii M, Shiokawa K, Ejiri MK, Ogawa T

MESOPAUSE AND EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL INFLUENCES ON THE OZONE LAYER Vol. 24 ( 5 ) page： 593-596 1999

Simultaneous DMSP and CRRES observation of broadband electrons during a storm-time substorm on March 25, 1991 Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Anderson RR, Daglis IA, Hughes WJ, Wygant JR

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE Vol. 24 ( 1-3 ) page： 281 - 285 1999

Comment on "Braking of high-speed flows in the near-Earth tail" - Reply Reviewed

Haerendel G, Shiokawa K, Baumjohann W

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Vol. 25 ( 18 ) page： 3503 - 3503 1998.9

Reply Reviewed

Haerendel G., Shiokawa K., Baumjohann W.

Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 25 ( 18 ) 1998.9

Cloning and expression of an α-2,8-polysialyltransferase (STX) from <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Reviewed Open Access

Kudo, M; Takayama, E; Tashiro, K; Fukamachi, H; Nakata, T; Tadakuma, T; Kitajima, K; Inoue, Y; Shiokawa, K

GLYCOBIOLOGY Vol. 8 ( 8 ) page： 771 - 777 1998.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Glycobiology

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate structure found on neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM). Two polysialyltransferases (polySiaTs) that catalyze synthesis of polySia have been described, and designated PST-1/PST/ST8SiaIV and STX/ST8SiaII. We cloned a polySiaT (xSTX) from a nonmammalian vertebrate, Xenopus laevis. xSTX had 80% amino acid similarity to the rat STX. This clone induced polySia expression when transfected into polySia-negative COS-1 cells. Northern blot analysis of whole embryos at different stages of development revealed that xSTX mRNA was most abundantly expressed in premetamorphic stages. The relative level of xSTX and N-CAM mRNAs was also examined and found to change in parallel to the extent of polysialylation on N-CAM. In adult tissues, the expression of xSTX mRNA was restricted to brain, eye and heart, which also expressed polySia. These results suggest that xSTX is the major enzyme responsible for the synthesis of polysialylated N-CAM in embryos at certain stages of development and also in adult tissues.

DOI： 10.1093/glycob/8.8.771

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

Azimuthal pressure gradient as driving force of substorm currents Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Haerendel G, Baumjohann W

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Vol. 25 ( 7 ) page： 959-962 1998.4

High-speed ion flow, substorm current wedge, and multiple Pi 2 pulsations Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Baumjohann W, Haerendel G, Paschmann G, Fennell JF, Friis-Christensen E, Luhr H, Reeves GD, Russell CT, Sutcliffe PR, Takahashi K

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS Vol. 103 ( A3 ) page： 4491 - 4507 1998.3

Two spacecraft observations of a reconnection pulse during an auroral breakup Reviewed

Petrukovich AA, Sergeev VA, Zelenyi LM, Mukai T, Yamamoto T, Kokubun S, Shiokawa K, Deehr CS, Budnick EY, Buchner J, Fedorov AO, Grigorieva VP, Hughes TJ, Pissarenko NF, Romanov SA, Sandahl I

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS Vol. 103 ( A1 ) page： 47 - 59 1998.1

Two spacecraft observations of a reconnection pulse during an auroral breakup Reviewed Open Access

Petrukovich A.A., Sergeev V.A., Zelenyi L.M., Mukai T., Yamamoto T., Kokubun S., Shiokawa K., Deehr C.S., Budnick E.Y., Büchner J., Fedorov A.O., Grigorieva V.P., Hughes T.J., Pissarenko N.F., Romanov S.A., Sandahl I.

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 103 ( A1 ) page： 47 - 59 1998

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

At 1130 UT on November 28, 1995, two spacecraft, Interball-Tail and Geotail, were in a favorable position to study the plasma sheet activity and an auroral breakup observed on the ground near the spacecraft ionospheric footpoints. Both spacecraft were near the neutral sheet, and they were nearly aligned along the magnetic meridian. During the auroral breakup observed at the equatorward half of the auroral oval (also registered as an AKR burst at Interball) both spacecraft simultaneously detected signatures of a reconnection pulse: The earthward plasma streaming and magnetic field dipolarization were observed at 12 RE at Interball, while the tailward energetic ion beam, then the tailward flow and the passage of a plasmoid were observed at 28 RE at Geotail. This pulse seem to proceed inside of the plasma sheet closed field lines, in the region of small (∼1 nT) background magnetic field at the neutral sheet. At Interball position the onset of fast earthward ion flow, likely initiated by the reconnection pulse, was followed by other manifestations (dipolarization, enhancements of the magnetic turbulence and the energetic particle flux, the intensification of field-aligned currents). Auroral observations showed initial brightening delayed an approximately l min after the commencement of the reconnection pulse. The auroral intensification was not accompanied by a significant magnetic disturbance on the ground, and therefore the event can be classified as the pseudobreakup. We estimate magnetic flux transport characteristics and possible location of the onset region in the plasma sheet. We conclude that observations during this event are consistent with the initiation of an auroral breakup by some disturbance (e.g., Alfven wave) generated by the reconnection pulse that commenced in the neutral sheet at ∼15 RE distance. Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union.

DOI： 10.1029/97JA02296

Open Access

Scopus

High-speed ion flow, substorm current wedge, and multiple Pi 2 pulsations Reviewed Open Access

Shiokawa K., Baumjohann W., Haerendel G., Paschmann G., Fennell J.F., Friis-Christensen E., Lühr H., Reeves G.D., Russell C.T., Sutcliffe P.R., Takahashi K.

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 103 ( A3 ) page： 4491 - 4507 1998

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

We have studied the onset timing of earthward high-speed ion flow observed by the AMPTE/IRM satellite at 12.3 Earth radii (RE) and 0100 MLT in the central plasma sheet during an isolated substorm event on March 1,1985. The timing of this onset is compared with that of the substorm current wedge and Pi 2 magnetic pulsations observed by a large number of ground-based stations and the AMPTE/CCE, GOES 5, and ISEE 1 satellites and with that of high-energy particle injection observed at Los Alamos geosynchronous satellite 1982-019. The onset of earthward high-speed flow is observed 3 min before the onset of the global current wedge formation and 6 min before the onset of high-energy particle injection. The three bursts of the high-speed flow observed at AMPTE/IRM are likely to correspond to three compressional pulses observed at AMPTE/CCE at 6 RE and three Pi 2 wave packets observed at midlatitude ground stations. On the basis of these observations we conclude that the substorm current wedge is caused by inertia current and the current due to flow shear at the braking point of the earthward high-speed flow during the initial stage of the substorm expansion phase. The braking point is well separated from the near-Earth neutral line. It is also suggested that the compressional pulses and fluctuations of field-aligned currents generated at the flow braking point can be the initial cause of the Pi 2 magnetic pulsations in the inner magnetosphere. Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union.

DOI： 10.1029/97JA01680

Open Access

Scopus

Quasi-periodic poleward motions of morningside Sun-aligned arcs: A multievent study Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Ogino T, Hayashi K, McEwen DJ

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS Vol. 102 ( A11 ) page： 24325-24332 1997.11

A multievent study of broadband electrons observed by the DMSP satellites and their relation to red aurora observed at midlatitude stations Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Meng CI, Reeves GD, Rich FJ, Yumoto K

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS Vol. 102 ( A7 ) page： 14237 - 14253 1997.7

Anomalous sudden commencement on March 24, 1991 Reviewed Open Access

Araki, T, S. Fujitani, M. Emoto, K. Yumoto, K. Shiokawa, T. Ichinose, H. Luehr, D. Orr, D. Milling, H. Singer, G. Rostoker, S. Tsunomura, Y. Yamada, C.F. LiuTohru Araki

J. Geophys. Res. Vol. 102 ( A7 ) page： 14075 - 14086 1997.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION

An anomalous geomagnetic sudden commencement (SC) occurred on March 24, 1991. It is characterized by an exceptionally large and sharp impulse observed in its initial part along the noon meridian in middle and low latitudes. The analysis of the SC was made by using high time resolution digital data from the 210 degrees Meridian Magnetometer Chain in the west Pacific, Sub-Auroral Magnetometer Network (SAMNET) in the United Kingdom and southern Scandinavia, the EISCAT Magnetometer Cross in northern Scandinavia and Svalbard, and Canopus in Canada together with other ground and satellite (GOES 6, GOES 7, CRRES, and GMS) data. The results of the analysis suggest that the pulse observed at lower-latitude ground stations was caused by the propagation of a strong magnetospheric compression of short duration (less than 1 min) which has never been observed before this event. The HF Doppler observation in Kyoto near local noon seems to be consistent with existence of the bipolar electric field associated with the propagating compressional magnetic pulse. The SAMNET stations and CRRES in the early morning also detected positive pulses which delays 30-50 s from the pulses in noon sector, Although the delay in the peak time of the pulse observed on the ground is consistent with ionospheric hydromagnetic wave propagation from the dayside to the nightside with finite speed, the initial onset time of the pulse on the ground was almost simultaneous everywhere suggesting the existence of an ''almost instantaneous'' propagation mode below the ionosphere.

DOI： 10.1029/96JA03637

Web of Science

Braking of high-speed flows in the near-Earth tail Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Baumjohann W, Haerendel G

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Vol. 24 ( 10 ) page： 1179-1182 1997.5

Broadband electrons observed by the DMSP satellites during storm-time substorms (extended abstract) Reviewed

Shiokawa Kazuo

Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Upper Atmosphere Physics Vol. 10 page： 151 - 153 1997.1

A study of the November 15, 1993 transpolar arc Reviewed

Zhang Y, McEwen DJ, Yumoto K, Shiokawa K, Hayashi K

JOURNAL OF GEOMAGNETISM AND GEOELECTRICITY Vol. 49 page： S141-S149 1997

Fields and flows at geotail during a moderate substorm Reviewed

McPherron RL, Nakamura R, Kokubun S, Kamide Y, Shiokawa K, Yumoto K, Mukai T, Saito Y, Hayashi K, Nagai T, Ables S, Baker DN, FriisChristensen E, Fraser B, Hughes T, Reeves G, Singer H

RESULTS OF THE IASTP PROGRAM Vol. 20 ( 4-5 ) page： 923 - 931 1997

Characterization of the major core structures of the α2→8-linked polysialic acid-containing glycan chains present in neural cell adhesion molecule in embryonic chick brains Reviewed Open Access

Kudo M., Kitajima K., Inoue S., Shiokawa K., Morris H.R., Dell A., Inoue Y.

Journal of Biological Chemistry Vol. 271 ( 51 ) page： 32667 - 32677 1996.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Biological Chemistry

To gain more insight into the possible functional significance of the core glycan chain(s) on which polysialylation takes place in polysialic acid (poly-Sia)-containing glycoproteins, the structure of the core glycans in the embryonic form of chick brain neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) were examined using chemical and instrumental techniques. The following new structural features, which had not been reported by the early pioneering study by Finne (Finne, J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11966-11970), were revealed (Structure I). (i) Two distinct types of multiantennary N-linked glycans, i.e. tri- and tetra-antennary structures, are present; (ii) an α1→6-linked fucosyl residue is attached to the proximal GlcNAc residue of the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl unit; (iii) that the action of GlcNAc-transferase V, which catalyzes the attachment of the β-(1→6)-linked GlcNAc residue on the (1→6)-α-linked mannose (Man) arm, appears to be essential for polysialylation to occur on the core glycan chain is suggested by the fact that the Man residue α1→6-linked to the β-linked Man residue is invariably 2,6-di-O-substituted by the GlcNAc residue; (iv) both type 1 (Galβ1→3GlcNAc) and type 2 (Ga1β1→4 GlcNAc) sequences are present in the peripheral portion of the core glycan structure. An extended form of the type 2 chain, i.e. Galβ1→4GlcNAcβ1→3Galβ1→4GlcNAc, is also expressed on the (1→3)- and (1→6)-α-linked Man arms; (v) on average about 1.4 mol of sulfate is attached to the type 2 N-acetyllactosamine chain(s), where in the extended form the sulfate group is probably substituted at the O-3 position of the outmost GlcNAc residue, i.e. Galβ1→4(HSO3→3)GlcNAcβ1→3Galβ1→4GlcNAcβ1→Man. It is possible that the unusual structural features identified in this study might play a role in the initiation of polysialylation and our data should facilitate future research regarding the signals that control polysialylation.

DOI： 10.1074/jbc.271.51.32667

Open Access

Scopus

Broadband electrons observed by the DMSP satellites during storm-time substorms Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Yumoto K, Meng CI, Reeves G

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Vol. 23 ( 18 ) page： 2529 - 2532 1996.9

Quasi-periodic poleward motions of Sun-aligned auroral arcs in the high-latitude morning sector: A case study Reviewed

Shiokawa K, Yumoto K, Nishitani N, Hayashi K, Oguti T, McEwen DJ, Kiyama Y, Rich FJ, Mukai T

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS Vol. 101 ( A9 ) page： 19789 - 19800 1996.9

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Papers - SHIOKAWA, Kazuo