研究者詳細 - 矢野　勝也

論文 - 矢野　勝也

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Stomatal density of cowpea correlates carbon isotope discrimination in different phosphorus, water and CO₂ environments 査読有り

Sekiya, N. and Yano, K.

New Phytologist 179 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 799-807 2008年8月

Heterogeneity in spatial P-distribution and foraging capability by Zea mays: Effects of patch size and barriers to restrict root proliferation within a patch 査読有り

Kume, T., Sekiya, N., Yano, K.

Annals of Botany 98 巻 ( 6 ) 頁： 1271-1277 2006年12月

Water-extraction by split-roots of sesbania and pigeon pea exposed to spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil water 査読有り

Sekiya, N. and Yano, K.

Plant Production Science 9 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 191-199 2006年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Previous studies have suggested that the deep roots of sesbania (Sesbania sesban) function less efficiently in water acquisition than those of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) despite similar rooting depths. To investigate this phenomenon, both species were grown in a vertically split-root system. The top soil was watered at two-day intervals and the bottom soil was kept wet. Fifty-seven days after sowing, the watering to the top soil was withheld and the water uptake was monitored in both the layers. At any given rate of transpiration, the water influx rate per unit root surface (WIR/RS) was higher in the top soil than in the bottom soil in sesbania, despite the greater availability of water in the latter. By contrast, in pigeon pea, the WIR/RS was higher in the bottom soil than in the top soil. In sesbania, aerenchyma tissue was observed only in the cortex of the roots in the bottom soil. On the other hand, aerenchyma tissue was scarcely observed in pigeon pea roots, suggesting that the presence of aerenchyma tissue led to the reduced WIR/RS of sesbania roots in the bottom soil. Thermal image analysis showed that the stomata of sesbania leaves did not respond to water shortage. Instead, the sesbania leaves were shed in order to avoid desiccation, further reducing the potential to extract water. We therefore conclude that the water-extraction ability of deep roots was lower in sesbania than in pigeon pea as a result of aerenchyma formation and leaf shedding.

Hydrogen isotope composition of soil water above and below the hardpan in a rainfed lowland rice field 査読有り

Yano, K., Sekiya, N., Samson, B.K., Mazid, M.A., Yamauchi, A., Kono, Y. and Wade, L.J.

Field Crops Research 96 巻 ( 2-3 ) 頁： 477-480 2006年4月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In rainfed lowland rice fields, developing hardpan soil layers must be important to pool rainfall, but during drought that also restricts water movement from below it. We investigated whether the hardpan can maintain a contrast of deuterium/hydrogen isotopic composition (delta D) in soil water under field condition. The experimental site was at Rajshahi in north-west Bangladesh. The hardpan soil layers had developed around 0.2 m soil-depth in the field. Soil water from either above or below the hardpan was collected non-destructively with porous cups installed into the field. Using an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer, delta D value of each water sample was determined. During the sampling period, the field surface varied from water-saturated to unsaturated status with rainfall event. While the delta D values fluctuated by the influence of rainfall, significant differences in the delta D values were always detected between above and below the hardpan, revealing heterogeneity in the delta D values persisted with the hardpan. The effect of hardpan on retention of the delta D signature was further confirmed in a laboratory experiment using intact soil columns collected from a paddy field at Nagoya University. The natural delta D signature in rainfed lowland rice field may be useful to identify certain genotypes that demonstrate in situ capability of water acquisition from below the hardpan through delta D analysis of the xylem sap.

植物とVA菌根菌の窒素をめぐる駆け引き

矢野勝也

根の研究 15 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 11–17 2006年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：日本語

陸上植物の根は，むき出しの「根」で存在するよりも，共生微生物の菌根菌が共生した状態の「菌根」で存在しているのが普通である．最も普遍的にみられるのがVA 菌根であり，この菌根が形成されると宿主植物のリン獲得能が向上することはよく知られている．しかし，多くの生態系で植物の成長を律速しているのはリンよりもむしろ窒素であるが，VA 菌根菌が宿主植物の窒素栄養に関与しているかどうかは議論が続いてきた．私たちは最近，アンモニアを吸収したVA 菌根菌は速やかに宿主にその窒素を提供するのに，硝酸を吸収した場合には自らが利用するだけで宿主に受け渡さない，という選択的な窒素供給現象を見いだした．本稿では，VA 菌根菌が宿主植物の窒素栄養にどのように関与するのかについて，私たちの研究を紹介しつつ，過去の研究の問題点について議論する．

Nitrogen delivery to maize via mycorrhizal hyphae depends on the form of N supplied 査読有り

Tanaka, Y. and Yano, K.

Plant, Cell & Environment 28 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 1247-1254 2005年10月

Root morphological plasticity for heterogeneous phosphorus supply in Zea mays L. 査読有り

Yano, K. and Kume, T

Plant Production Science 8 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 427-432 2005年9月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The morphological plasticity of roots in nutrient-enriched patches of soil is regarded as an adaptive response in plants, but its functional efficiency is still debatable. We examined whether the efficiency is dependent upon the patch size, or the amount of phosphate (P) supplied in maize (Zea mays L.). Two levels of P-input (high and low) and three patch sizes (large, medium and small) were used in various combinations in containers filled with soil. Irrespective of the P-inputs, P uptake and biomass were greatest in large patches together with root proliferation restricted to the soil inside patches, indicating that the effect of P-patch size was stronger than the amount of P supplied. Due to the fine root proliferation (about 0.5mm-width) of higher specific root length, the root length promoted was not accompanied by more biomass investment inside the patches. For the medium and small patches, such a localized root proliferation disappeared, resulting in impaired plant growth with limited P acquisition. It was concluded that the efficiency of the root plasticity on P acquisition depends on the size of P patches more strongly than the inputs.

Mycorrhizal alleviation of acid soil stress in the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) 査読有り

Yano, K. and Takaki, M

Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 1569-1572 2005年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

It is not known why sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivated in tropical regions tolerates acid soil. Here, we report the involvement of mycorrhizal symbiosis in this tolerance. Plants were grown in root-boxes filled with either acidic soil (pH 4.2) or the same soil amended with lime (pH 5.2) for 30-d in a growth chamber. In the inoculated treatments, the percentage of root length colonized by Gigaspora margarita was not affected by soil pH (23±9% at pH 4.2 vs. 30±12% at pH 5.2). The root and shoot dry weights of the non-mycorrhizal plants at pH 4.2 were 27 and 35%, respectively, of those at pH 5.2. The root and shoot dry weights of the mycorrhizal plants at pH 4.2 were 70 and 51% of those at pH 5.2. Growth promotion in mycorrhizal plants was significant only at pH 4.2 (2-fold increase in whole plant dry weight), but not at pH 5.2. As a result, no significant difference was detected in whole plant dry weight between the mycorrhizal plants at pH 4.2 and non-mycorrhizal plants at pH 5.2. The mycorrhizal plants at pH 4.2 showed reduced toxic symptoms of Mn (brown specks on mature leaves) and Al (poor root growth) compared to non-mycorrhizal ones, but tissue concentrations of P, K and Ca did not increase in mycorrhizal plants. We assume that the mycorrhizal colonization can reduce toxic effects of those elements while the exact mechanisms should be further investigated.

植物メカニズムの解明と環境教育の可能性

矢野勝也

2004年10月

植物の難溶性リン利用能と菌根共生系の関与招待有り

矢野勝也

農業および園芸 79 巻頁： 1012-1017 2004年9月

Progess in drought avoidance of rainfed lowland rice 招待有り

Wade LJ, Samson BK, Siopongco J, Egdane J, Ismail A, Bennett J, Salekdeh H, Ghareyazie B, McLaren CG, Kamoshita A, Yano K, Yamauchi A

Water in Agriculture ACIAR Proceedings No. 116 巻頁： 215-223 2004年6月

植物のスプリンクラー機能: Hydraulic liftの活用招待有り

関谷信人・矢野勝也

農業および園芸 79 巻頁： 695-702 2004年6月

*Do pigeon pea and sesbania supply groundwater to intercropped maize through hydraulic lift?: Hydrogen stable isotope investigation of xylem waters. 査読有り

Sekiya, N. and Yano, K

Field Crops Research 86 巻 ( 2-3 ) 頁： 167-173 2004年3月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Hydraulic lift is a movement of water between soil layers contrasting in water potential through plant root systems. We expected that an introduction of deep-rooted plants into intercropping systems could provide an opportunity for the associated crops to utilize water from deep in the soil layers through hydraulic lift. A stable hydrogen isotope (deuterium) was used to investigate this possibility in a field experiment conducted at the Zambia National Irrigation Research Station. Maize (Zea mays) plants were grown adjacent to the deep rooting legumes, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and sesbania (Sesbania sesban), whose roots accessed groundwater having the deuterium/hydrogen isotope ratios (deltaD) different from those of rainfall. We hypothesized that the deltaD values of xylem waters from shallow-rooted maize would become closer to those of groundwater when hydraulic lift occurred, and this would be affected by the distance between the maize and the legumes. The maize near pigeon pea showed deltaD values closer to those of groundwater while the maize at a distance did not. However, we could not detect such a distance-dependence in maize plants grown adjacent to sesbania. Based on the field trial, a glasshouse experiment was implemented for the pigeon pea-maize association. The plants were grown in a split-root container with an air gap between the two soil layers. The pigeon pea roots were allowed to develop in the bottom soil injected with D2O while the maize roots were confined in the top soil. Immediately after the injection, a higher D concentration above the level of natural occurrence was detected in xylem waters from each of the maize plants, confirming that pigeon pea lifted water from the bottom and transferred it to the maize. Moreover, the water supply from the pigeon pea to the maize was enhanced by the shading treatment on the pigeon pea, implying the possibility of regulating the function of the hydraulic lift. It is concluded that at least pigeon pea c

Phosphorus acquisition from non-labile sources in peanut and pigeonpea with mycorrhizal interaction 査読有り

Shibata, R. and Yano, K

Applied Soil Ecology 24 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 133-141 2003年10月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Both peanuts and pigeonpeas are believed to utilize non-labile phosphate (P) due to the dissolving abilities of their root exudates, in which the mycorrhizal interaction is rarely considered. We examined a hypothesis that such effective P acquisition would not appear without the mycorrhizal function. First, mycorrhizal responses of peanuts and pigeonpeas were compared with soybeans or a non-mycorrhizal species of yellow lupin in a P-limited soil amended with a mixture of three non-labile P sources (Fe-P, Al-P, and Ca-phytate). Inoculation with Gigaspora margarita greatly increased P uptake in pigeonpeas (10-fold) and peanuts (6-fold), more than in soybeans (3-fold), indicating greater mycorrhizal dependency in both these plants. Second, the mycorrhizal responses of peanuts and pigeonpeas were compared in a soil amended with three P sources individually. P uptake responses were significant, and similar for all the P sources in pigeonpeas. In peanuts, the response was significant for both Al-P and Fe-P, but not for Ca-phytate because of greater P uptake in the non-inoculated plants, implying a direct utilization of Ca-phytate by peanuts. Third, interactive effects of the pigeonpeas' rhizosphere and extraradical hyphae were investigated in a compartment container, where root exudate movement as well as hyphal penetration into the compartment soil, amended with Al-P, was controlled. A significant increase in P uptake was found only when both the exudates and hyphae were permitted access into the compartment soil, suggesting the importance of the interactive effect. We concluded that the mycorrhiza can accelerate P acquisition by the plants from non-labile sources in soil through interaction between the roots and hyphae. It is a novel finding that peanuts can utilize Ca-phytate without mycorrhiza, but the mechanism is still unclear.

Mycorrhizal phosphorus enhancement of plants in undisturbed soil differs from phosphorus uptake stimulation by arbuscular mycorrhizae over non-mycorrhizal controls 査読有り

McGonigle, T.P., Yano, K. and Shinhama, T

Biology and Fertility of Soils 37 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 268-273 2003年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Previous greenhouse and field studies have shown arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants usually have greater P uptake and growth when raised in undisturbed soil compared to soil disturbed between plantings, such as by tillage. We report here for the first time that AM fungi able to stimulate shoot P uptake in experimental comparisons to non-mycorrhizal plants differ in their ability to bring about similar responses in undisturbed soil compared to disturbed soil. This outcome indicates a difference in functional character between the two stimulation processes. Three isolates of AM fungi were tested for growth promotion of maize (Zea mays L.) in pots in a soil disturbance experiment that included non-mycorrhizal controls. All three fungi colonized roots well and promoted shoot P uptake compared to non-inoculated controls, but only Glomus mosseae was able to stimulate growth in undisturbed soil compared to disturbed soil. This effect was seen when Glomus mosseae was alone or in combination with Gigaspora margarita. However, the presence of Glomus aggregatum in combination with Glomus mosseae prevented any stimulation, presumably due to domination by Glomus aggregatum. The ability of AM fungi to be beneficial to plants in comparison to non-mycorrhizal situations likely relates to the spread of mycelium in the soil and the capacity for nutrient transfer to the root. The ability of an AM fungus to promote growth in undisturbed soil appears to be related to these features and, in addition, a capacity for persistence and retention of functional capacity of the extraradical mycelium from one plant generation to the next.

Relationship between the distribution of Na and the damages caused by salinity in the leaves of rice seedlings grown under a saline condition 査読有り

Mitsuya, S., Yano, K., Kawasaki, M., Taniguchi, M. and Miyake, H

Plant Production Science 5 巻頁： 269-274 2002年12月

Water acquisition from rainfall and groundwater by legume crops developing deep rooting systems determined with stable hydrogen isotope compositions of xylem waters 査読有り

Sekiya, N. and Yano, K

Field Crops Research 78 巻 ( 2-3 ) 頁： 133-139 2002年11月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The deuterium/hydrogen isotope ratios (deltaD) of xylem waters from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and sesbania (Sesbania sesban) plants grown in semi-arid Zambia were investigated to know the seasonal variation in water sources for those crops. The study was conducted at a field site in the Zambia National Irrigation Research Station from November 2000 until April 2001. We measured the deltaD values of xylem waters exuded by both of the legumes, in addition to those of rainfall and groundwater. This was done by use of an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. While the deltaD values of rainfall fluctuated considerably, those of groundwater were almost constant throughout the experimental period. The deltaD values obtained from the xylem waters from both species also fluctuated, suggesting the influence of water from rainfall. The tap roots of both of the plants reached at least 2 in below the soil surface, where groundwater was available. However, xylem waters from sesbania always showed deltaD values closer to those of the groundwater, as compared to values measured in pigeon pea. This implies that sesbania. has a greater dependency on groundwater for its water supply than pigeon pea. During the dry season, only pigeon pea exuded xylem sap despite its smaller dependency on groundwater. Therefore, it was hypothesized that pigeon pea could more actively absorb water from drying surface layers, while sesbania was less able. This water from surface layers would result in a diluted groundwater composition in xylem waters of pigeon pea. We have shown that deltaD analysis for xylem waters can aid in the understanding of the function of deep rooting systems of crops grown in fields.

Changes in thermal images of cassava shoots with excising the tuberous roots

"Yano, K., Banoc D.M., Pardales Jr., J.R. & Yamauchi, A."

2002年7月

Comparisons in soil water extraction between cassava cultivars

"Yano, K., Kato, Y., Banoc D.M., Pardales Jr., J.R. & Yamauchi, A."

2002年7月

水素の安定同位体自然存在比から評価した植物が利用する水資源の由来招待有り

関谷信人・矢野勝也

根の研究 11(2) 巻頁： 35-42 2002年6月

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