論文 - 土川　覚

近赤外分光法による木材の非破壊計測(第5報)-試料の物理的構成に関する情報の検量線 査読有り

土川 覚, 堤 成晃

木材学会誌   43 巻   頁： 149-158   1997年1月

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood .5. Calibration equations for physical conditions of wood 査読有り

Tsuchikawa, S; Tsutsumi, S

MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI   43 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 149 - 158   1997年

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood .5. Calibration equations for physical conditions of wood 査読有り

Tsuchikawa, S., Tsutsumi, S.

MOKUZAI GAKKAISHI   43 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 149 - 158   1997年

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood II. Behavior of irradiated light in an aggregate of tracheids and directional characteristics of diffuse reflected and transmitted light 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Tsutsumi S.

Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society   42 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 343 - 353   1996年12月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society  

A series of experiments were made to apply Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS) to a non-destructive analytical method for wood. In this study, not only the determination of the compositions of materials, but also the acquirement of information relating to the physical aspects of them must be considered. Therefore, it is important to systematize the sequential propagation of light in wood, specifically, scattering, reflection, absorption, and transmission, which vary with the angles of the fibers to the directions of incident light, θ, and its wavelengths. In this study, a set of optical models, which consisted of directional characteristics models of light and light-path models, are proposed to clarify the behavior of light propagation in wood. For these models, the wood is taken as an aggregate of tracheids. The results are summarized as follows : (1) The behavior of light scattering in wood falls into three bands of the wavelengths of near infrared rays according to the trend of the absorption coefficient, K, and the scattering coefficient, S. (2) The directional characteristics models of diffusely reflected light and transmitted light, for which the aspects of K and S in three bands were taken into consideration, were proposed. (3) The light path model, which expresses the situation in regard to the emitted light from the aggregate-width of semi-infinite tracheids, is proposed. It can be found from the superposition of the light paths of diffusely reflected light at an arbitrarily chosen cell wall of semi-infinite tracheids. (4) The leakage ratio of diffusely reflected light from the aggregate-width of semi-infinite tracheids, S(θ), for various conditions of irradiation was calculated based on the optical models. These values were in good agreement with S(θ) found from the measurement value of absorbance and a second empirical equation. 2) (5) These results support theoretically the application of NIRS to a non-destructive analytical method for wood, which has some internal structure and definite order.

Scopus

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood IV.: Calibration equations for moisture content 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Torii M., Tsutsumi S.

Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society   42 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 743 - 754   1996年12月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society  

This paper is aimed at the nondestructive quantitative assessment of the moisture condition in bulky wood by using near infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS). In the first stage of a series of experiments, the effect of moisture condition on the minimum sample thickness in which light was diffuse-reflected sufficiently, d0, was investigated. Secondly, the calibration equations for moisture conditions of some species having homogeneous water distributions; moisture contents in percents (MC), and per unit volumes (MV), were determined by multiple linear regression analysis based on the NIR reflectance spectra. Furthermore, the prediction error of moisture content for a sample having an inhomogeneous water distribution was found by which the scope of the application for actual moisture conditions in wood was investigated. Similar experiments also were made for the model samples which represented the condition of inhomogeneous water distribution to grasp the effect of water distribution in wood on the prediction error of the calibration equations. The results are summerlized as follows. (1) d0 changes in general with the moisture conditions, and the trend of do with moisture conditions varies with the wavelengths, whereas they arise from the same compounds of water. (2) When the explanatory variables and the number of them are selected suitably for the calibration equations, they perform sufficiently in predicting the moisture conditions independently of the wood species. Especially, in the case of the explanatory variables selected from the 2nd derivative spectra, the prediction error is less than that from the original spectra in both the criterion variables of MC and MV. This is noticeable in the case of the calibration equation for MC. (3) For a sample having an inhomogeneous water distribution, it is important to select the wavelengths suitably as the explanatory variables in consideration of the minimum sample thickness in which light is sufficiently diffuse-reflected. (4) A model experiment was made in which the stepwise distribution of moisture content was given to the test pieces. The thickness of the surface-side part in a sample and the difference of moisture contents between the surface-side part and the back-side part in a sample govern the predicted values of the moisture contents and the features of which are made clear.

Scopus

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood III.: Behavior of reflected and transmitted light for parallel beam of incident light 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Tsursumi S.

Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society   42 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 733 - 742   1996年12月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society  

This study deals with the optical problems that arise when a parallel beam of near infrared light irradiates a sample with a cellular structure like wood. The behavior of reflected and transmitted light is explained by optical characteristic models of advanced expression based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. Through a series of experiments and examinations, it became clear that the behavior of transmitted light in wood was considerably different from that of an ideal scattering medium under the conditions of Lambert's cosine law. On the other hand, the behavior of diffusely reflected light in wood can be described by the Kubelka-Munk theory. Then, the diffusion process model in consideration of the component of a parallel beam of light was considered. Furthermore, the radiant condition of wood is described flexibly by the nth power cosine model of radiant intensity. Based on these optical characteristic models, the mean optical path length through the sample was calculated from which the concept of the equivalent thickness of the sample was derived. Over and above these, the generalized input/output equations for radiation were constructed by introducing the equivalent thickness of the sample into Kubelka-Munk's equations. The absorbance calculated by the generalized input/output equations for radiation agreed well with the experimental values. This result suggests that the behavior of near infrared light in wood can be described by them. The radiant intensity characteristics of the transmitted light varied with the conditions of light absorption in the near infrared Bands II and III (1400-2500 nm), and the scattering components perpendicular to the direction of incident light increased monotonically with decreasing wavelength in the Band I (800-1400 nm). For the nondestructive measurement of wood by near infrared spectrophotometry, it is very important to find the optimum conditions by considering the optical geometry of the apparatus, the wavelength of light, and the light scattering conditions in the sample.

Scopus

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood II. Behavior of irradiated light in an aggregate of tracheids and directional characteristics of diffuse reflected and transmitted light 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Tsutsumi S.

Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society   42 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 343 - 353   1996年12月

　詳細を見る

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society  

A series of experiments were made to apply Near Infrared Spectrophotometry (NIRS) to a non-destructive analytical method for wood. In this study, not only the determination of the compositions of materials, but also the acquirement of information relating to the physical aspects of them must be considered. Therefore, it is important to systematize the sequential propagation of light in wood, specifically, scattering, reflection, absorption, and transmission, which vary with the angles of the fibers to the directions of incident light, θ, and its wavelengths. In this study, a set of optical models, which consisted of directional characteristics models of light and light-path models, are proposed to clarify the behavior of light propagation in wood. For these models, the wood is taken as an aggregate of tracheids. The results are summarized as follows : (1) The behavior of light scattering in wood falls into three bands of the wavelengths of near infrared rays according to the trend of the absorption coefficient, K, and the scattering coefficient, S. (2) The directional characteristics models of diffusely reflected light and transmitted light, for which the aspects of K and S in three bands were taken into consideration, were proposed. (3) The light path model, which expresses the situation in regard to the emitted light from the aggregate-width of semi-infinite tracheids, is proposed. It can be found from the superposition of the light paths of diffusely reflected light at an arbitrarily chosen cell wall of semi-infinite tracheids. (4) The leakage ratio of diffusely reflected light from the aggregate-width of semi-infinite tracheids, S(θ), for various conditions of irradiation was calculated based on the optical models. These values were in good agreement with S(θ) found from the measurement value of absorbance and a second empirical equation. 2) (5) These results support theoretically the application of NIRS to a non-destructive analytical method for wood, which has some internal structure and definite order.

Application of near infrared spectrophotometry to wood III.: Behavior of reflected and transmitted light for parallel beam of incident light 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Tsursumi S.

Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society   42 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 733 - 742   1996年12月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Mokuzai Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society  

This study deals with the optical problems that arise when a parallel beam of near infrared light irradiates a sample with a cellular structure like wood. The behavior of reflected and transmitted light is explained by optical characteristic models of advanced expression based on the Kubelka-Munk theory. Through a series of experiments and examinations, it became clear that the behavior of transmitted light in wood was considerably different from that of an ideal scattering medium under the conditions of Lambert's cosine law. On the other hand, the behavior of diffusely reflected light in wood can be described by the Kubelka-Munk theory. Then, the diffusion process model in consideration of the component of a parallel beam of light was considered. Furthermore, the radiant condition of wood is described flexibly by the nth power cosine model of radiant intensity. Based on these optical characteristic models, the mean optical path length through the sample was calculated from which the concept of the equivalent thickness of the sample was derived. Over and above these, the generalized input/output equations for radiation were constructed by introducing the equivalent thickness of the sample into Kubelka-Munk's equations. The absorbance calculated by the generalized input/output equations for radiation agreed well with the experimental values. This result suggests that the behavior of near infrared light in wood can be described by them. The radiant intensity characteristics of the transmitted light varied with the conditions of light absorption in the near infrared Bands II and III (1400-2500 nm), and the scattering components perpendicular to the direction of incident light increased monotonically with decreasing wavelength in the Band I (800-1400 nm). For the nondestructive measurement of wood by near infrared spectrophotometry, it is very important to find the optimum conditions by considering the optical geometry of the apparatus, the wavelength of light, and the light scattering conditions in the sample.

Near-infrared spectroscopy

Tsuchikawa S, Hayashi K, Tsutsumi S

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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Web of Science

Nondestructive measurement of the subsurface structure of biological material having cellular structure by using near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Hayashi K., Tsutsumi S.

Applied Spectroscopy   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1123   1996年9月

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Applied Spectroscopy  

Biological materials - wood is a typical example - are widely used in a state where not only the cellular structure but also its bulky shape is retained. NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) may be called for as a promising technique to analyze the physical state of such materials as well as the chemical composition. In this report, the effects of physical conditions found in wood on the absorption of NIR radiation are examined. In the experiments, conifers (Sitka spruce) that had various degrees of surface roughness and different orientations of fibers to the direction of incident light were used. Results of these measurements showed that the orientation of fibers and the surface roughness of wood were directly related to the absorbance. In addition, it became clear that the behavior of diffusely reflected light in wood could be expressed by Kubelka-Munk theory and fell into three categories according to the characteristic of the absorption and scattering coefficient. On the basis of these results, a new concept for the behavior of NIR light passing through material made of hollow fibers has been proposed.

DOI： 10.1366/0003702963905114

Scopus

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S, Hayashi K, Tsutsumi S

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S, Hayashi K, Tsutsumi S

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S, Hayashi K, Tsutsumi S

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S, Hayashi K, Tsutsumi S

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Hayashi K., Tsutsumi S.

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S., Hayashi K., Tsutsumi S.

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1366/0003702963905114

Near-infrared spectroscopy 査読有り

Tsuchikawa S, Hayashi K, Tsutsumi S

APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY   50 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 1117 - 1124   1996年9月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

近赤外分光法による木材の非破壊計測 (第4報) 含有水分に関する検量線

土川 覚, 鳥居 美里, 堤 成晃

木材学会誌   42 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 743 - 754   1996年8月

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出版者・発行元：日本木材学会  

近赤外分光法による木材の非破壊計測(第3報)平行入射光に関する反射光および透過光の挙動

土川 覚, 堤 成晃

木材学会誌   42 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 733 - 742   1996年8月

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出版者・発行元：日本木材学会  

近赤外分光法による木材の非破壊計測(第3報)平行入射光に関する反射光および透過光の挙動 査読有り

土川 覚, 堤 成晃

木材学会誌   42 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 733 - 742   1996年8月

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本木材学会  

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