Country：Japan

Country：Japan

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Plasmodesmata are unique channel structures in plants that link the fluid cytoplasm between adjacent cells. Plants have evolved these microchannels to allow trafficking of nutritious substances as well as regulatory factors for intercellular communication. However, tracking the behavior of plasmodesmata in real time is difficult because they are located inside tissues. Hence, a system was constructed to monitor the movement of substances by plasmodesmata using tobacco BY-2 cells, which are linearly organized cells, and a microfluidic device that traps them in place and facilitates observation. After targeting one cell for photobleaching, recovery of the lost H2B-GFP protein was detected within 200 min. No recovery was detected in that time frame by photobleaching the entire cell filaments. This suggested that the recovery of H2B-GFP protein was not due to de novo protein synthesis, but rather to translocation from neighboring cells. The transport of H2B-GFP protein was not observed when sodium chloride, a compound known to cause plasmodesmata closure, was present in the microfluid channel. Thus, using the microfluidic device and BY-2 cells, it was confirmed that the behavior of plasmodesmata could be observed in real time under controllable conditions.

DOI： 10.1007/s10265-022-01406-8

PubMed

Other Link： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10265-022-01406-8/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

Abstract

Successful gamete fusion requires species-specific membrane adhesion. However, the interaction of adhesion molecules in gametes is difficult to study in real time through low-throughput microscopic observation. Therefore, we developed a live imaging-based adhesion molecule (LIAM) assay to study gamete adhesion molecule interactions in cultured cells. First, we modified a fusion assay previously established for fusogens introduced into cultured cells, and confirmed that our live imaging technique could visualise cell–cell fusion in the modified fusion assay. Next, instead of fusogen, we introduced adhesion molecules including a mammalian gamete adhesion molecule pair, IZUMO1 and JUNO, and detected their temporal accumulation at the contact interfaces of adjacent cells. Accumulated IZUMO1 or JUNO was partly translocated to the opposite cells as discrete spots; the mutation in amino acids required for their interaction impaired accumulation and translocation. By using the LIAM assay, we investigated the species specificity of IZUMO1 and JUNO of mouse, human, hamster, and pig in all combinations. IZUMO1 and JUNO accumulation and translocation were observed in conspecific, and some interspecific, combinations, suggesting potentially interchangeable combinations of IZUMO1 and JUNO from different species.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-13547-w

Other Link： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-13547-w

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

Abstract

Cell division is essential for growth and development and involves events such as spindle assembly, chromosome separation, and cell plate formation. In plants, the tools used to control these events at the desired time are still poor because the genetic approach is ineffective owing to a high redundancy and lethality, as well as harmful side effects. Accordingly, we screened cell division-affecting compounds, with a focus on Arabidopsis thaliana zygotes, which individually develop in maternal ovules; the cell division was reliably traceable without time-lapse observations. We then identified the target events of the identified compounds using tobacco BY-2 cells for live-cell imaging and proteomics. As a result, we isolated two compounds, PD-180970 and PP2. PD-180970 disrupts microtubule (MT) organization and, thus, nuclear separation, presumably by inhibiting MT-associated proteins (MAP70). PP2 affected class II Kinesin-12 localization at the phragmoplast emerging site and impaired cytokinesis. Moreover, neither chemical caused irreversible damage to viability but they were effective in multiple plant species such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and moss (Physcomitrium patens). We propose that the combination of chemical screening based on Arabidopsis zygotes and target event specification focusing on tobacco BY-2 cells can be used to effectively identify novel tools and transiently control specific cell division events that are conserved in diverse plant species.

DOI： 10.1101/2022.04.28.489799

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

The tobacco BY-2 cell line has been used widely as a model system in plant cell biology. BY-2 cells are nearly transparent, which facilitates cell imaging using fluorescent markers. As cultured cells are drifted in the medium, therefore, it was difficult to observe them for a long period. Hence, we developed a microfluidic device that traps BY-2 cells and fixes their positions to allow monitoring the physiological activity of cells. The device contains 112 trap zones, with parallel slots connected in series at three levels in the flow channel. BY-2 cells were cultured for 7 days and filtered using a sieve and a cell strainer before use to isolate short cell filaments consisting of only a few cells. The isolated cells were introduced into the flow channel, resulting in entrapment of cell filaments at 25 out of 112 trap zones (22.3%). The cell numbers increased through cell division from 1 to 4 days after trapping with a peak of mitotic index on day 2. Recovery experiments of fluorescent proteins after photobleaching confirmed cell survival and permeability of plasmodesmata. Thus, this microfluidic device and one-dimensional plant cell samples allowed us to observe cell activity in real time under controllable conditions.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0266982

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MyJove Corporation  

DOI： 10.3791/63428

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Public Library of Science (PLoS)  

The female gametophytes of angiosperms contain cells with distinct functions, such as those that enable reproduction via pollen tube attraction and fertilization. Although the female gametophyte undergoes unique developmental processes, such as several rounds of nuclear division without cell plate formation and final cellularization, it remains unknown when and how the cell fate is determined during development. Here, we visualized the living dynamics of female gametophyte development and performed transcriptome analysis of individual cell types to assess the cell fate specifications in <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic>. We recorded time lapses of the nuclear dynamics and cell plate formation from the 1-nucleate stage to the 7-cell stage after cellularization using an in vitro ovule culture system. The movies showed that the nuclear division occurred along the micropylar–chalazal (distal–proximal) axis. During cellularization, the polar nuclei migrated while associating with the forming edge of the cell plate, and then, migrated toward each other to fuse linearly. We also tracked the gene expression dynamics and identified that the expression of <italic>MYB98pro</italic>::<italic>GFP–MYB98</italic>, a synergid-specific marker, was initiated just after cellularization in the synergid, egg, and central cells and was then restricted to the synergid cells. This indicated that cell fates are determined immediately after cellularization. Transcriptome analysis of the female gametophyte cells of the wild-type and <italic>myb98</italic> mutant revealed that the <italic>myb98</italic> synergid cells had egg cell–like gene expression profiles. Although in <italic>myb98</italic>, egg cell–specific gene expression was properly initiated in the egg cells only after cellularization, but subsequently expressed ectopically in one of the 2 synergid cells. These results, together with the various initiation timings of the egg cell–specific genes, suggest complex regulation of the individual gametophyte cells, such as cellularization-triggered fate initiation, MYB98-dependent fate maintenance, cell morphogenesis, and organelle positioning. Our system of live-cell imaging and cell type–specific gene expression analysis provides insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of cell fate specifications in the development of female gametophytes in plants.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001123

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

Abstract

To understand how the body of plants is made, it is essential to observe the morphology, structure and arrangement of constituent cells. However, the opaque nature of the plant body makes it difficult to observe the internal structures directly under a microscope. To overcome this problem, we developed a reagent, ClearSee, that makes plants transparent, allowing direct observation of the inside of a plant body without inflicting damage on it, e.g. through physical cutting. However, because ClearSee is not effective in making some plant species and tissues transparent, in this study, we further improved its composition to prevent oxidation, and have developed ClearSeeAlpha, which can be applied to a broader range of plant species and tissues. Sodium sulfite, one of the reductants, prevented brown pigmentation due to oxidation during clearing treatment. Using ClearSeeAlpha, we show that it is possible to obtain clear chrysanthemum leaves, tobacco and Torenia pistils and fertilized Arabidopsis thaliana fruits—tissues that have hitherto been challenging to clear. Moreover, we show that the fluorescence intensity of purified fluorescent proteins emitting light of various colors was unaffected in the ClearSeeAlpha solution; only the fluorescence intensity of TagRFP was reduced by about half. ClearSeeAlpha should be useful in the discovery and analysis of biological phenomena occurring deep inside the plant tissues.

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcab033

Other Link： https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article-pdf/62/8/1302/41119229/pcab033.pdf

Publisher：Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory  

Abstract

Plasmodesmata are unique channel structures in plants that link the fluid cytoplasm between adjacent cells. Plants have evolved these microchannels to allow trafficking of nutritious substances as well as signaling molecules for intercellular communication. However, tracking the behavior of plasmodesmata in real time is difficult because they are located inside tissues. Hence, we developed a microfluidic device that traps cultured cells and fixes their positions to allow testing of plasmodesmata permeability. The device has 112 tandemly aligned trap zones in the flow channel. Cells of the tobacco line BY-2 were cultured for 7 days and filtered using a sieve and a cell strainer before use to isolate short cell clusters consisting of only a few cells. The isolated cells were introduced into the flow channel, resulting in entrapment of cell clusters at 25 out of 112 trap zones (22.3%). Plasmodesmata permeability was tested from 1 to 4 days after trapping the cells. During this period, the cell numbers increased through cell division. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments using a transgenic marker line expressing nuclear-localized H2B-GFP demonstrated that cell-to-cell movement of H2B-GFP protein occurred within 200 min of photobleaching. The transport of H2B-GFP protein was not observed when sodium chloride, a compound known to cause plasmodesmata closure, was present in the microfluid channel. Thus, this microfluidic device and one-dimensional plant cell samples allowed us to observe plasmodesmata behavior in real time under controllable conditions.

DOI： 10.1101/2021.02.19.431975

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Cambridge University Press (CUP)  

<title>Abstract</title>
The zygote is the first cell of a multicellular organism. In most angiosperms, the zygote divides asymmetrically to produce an embryo-precursor apical cell and a supporting basal cell. Zygotic division should properly segregate symbiotic organelles, because they cannot be synthesized <italic>de novo</italic>. In this study, we revealed the real-time dynamics of the principle source of ATP biogenesis, mitochondria, in <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> zygotes using live-cell observations and image quantifications. In the zygote, the mitochondria formed the extended structure associated with the longitudinal array of actin filaments (F-actins) and were polarly distributed along the apical–basal axis. The mitochondria were then temporally fragmented during zygotic division, and the resulting apical cells inherited mitochondria at higher concentration compared to the basal cells. Further observation of postembryonic organs showed that these mitochondrial behaviours are characteristic of the zygote. Overall, our results showed that the zygote has spatiotemporal regulation that unequally distributes the mitochondria.

DOI： 10.1017/qpb.2020.4

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

Ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana involves pattern formation, which ensures that ovules are regularly arranged in the pistils to reduce competition for nutrients and space. Mechanisms underlying pattern formation in plants, such as phyllotaxis, flower morphogenesis, or lateral root initiation, have been extensively studied, and genes controlling the initiation of ovules have been identified. However, the fundamental patterning mechanism that determines the spacing of ovule anlagen within the placenta remained unexplored. Using natural variation analysis combined with quantitative trait locus analysis, we found that the spacing of ovules in the developing gynoecium and fruits is controlled by two secreted peptides, EPFL2 and EPFL9 (also known as Stomagen), and their receptors from the ERECTA (ER) family that act from the carpel wall and the placental tissue. We found that a signaling pathway controlled by EPFL9 acting from the carpel wall through the LRR-receptor kinases ER, ERL1, and ERL2 promotes fruit growth. Regular spacing of ovules depends on EPFL2 expression in the carpel wall and in the inter-ovule spaces, where it acts through ERL1 and ERL2. Loss of EPFL2 signaling results in shorter gynoecia and fruits and irregular spacing of ovules or even ovule twinning. We propose that the EPFL2 signaling module evolved to control the initiation and regular, equidistant spacing of ovule primordia, which may serve to minimize competition between seeds or facilitate equal resource allocation. Together, EPFL2 and EPFL9 help to coordinate ovule patterning and thereby seed number with gynoecium and fruit growth through a set of shared receptors.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.050

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Frontiers Media SA  

During the life cycle of flowering plants, nuclear fusion, or karyogamy, occurs three times: once during female gametogenesis, when the two polar nuclei fuse in the central cell, and twice during double fertilization. In Arabidopsis thaliana, nuclear fusion events during sexual reproduction proceed without the breakdown of the nuclear envelope, indicating that nuclear membrane fusion is essential for the completion of this process. Arabidopsis gamete expressed 1 (GEX1) is a membrane protein that is conserved among plant species. GEX1 shares homology with the yeast karyogamy protein Kar5, which is primarily expressed in the nuclear membrane. The GEX1 family represents a putative karyogamy factor. Herein, we show that GEX1 is required for the nuclear fusion events in Arabidopsis reproduction. GEX1-deficient mature female gametophytes were found to contain two unfused polar nuclei in close proximity within the central cell. Electron microscopy showed that the outer membrane of the polar nuclei was connected via the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the inner membrane remained unfused. These results indicate that GEX1 is involved in polar nuclear membrane fusion following the fusion of the outer nuclear membrane. Furthermore, sperm nuclear fusion events were defective in the fertilized egg and central cell following plasmogamy in the fertilization of gex1-1 female gametophytes by gex1-1 pollen. An analysis of GEX1 localization in the female gametophyte using a transgenic line expressing GFP-tagged GEX1 driven by the GEX1 promoter showed that GEX1 is a nuclear membrane protein in the egg and central cell. Time-lapse live-cell imaging showed that in developing female gametophytes, the nuclear GFP-GEX1 signal was first detectable in the central cell shortly before the polar nuclei came in close contact, and then in the egg cell. Thus, we suggest that the GEX1-family proteins are nuclear membrane proteins involved in karyogamy in the reproduction of eukaryotes including flowering plants.

DOI： 10.3389/fpls.2020.548032

Web of Science

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In Arabidopsis, the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) protein plays a key role in the formation of flat symmetric leaves via direct repression of the abaxial gene ETT/ARF3. AS2 encodes a plant-specific nuclear protein that contains the AS2/LOB domain, which includes a zinc-finger (ZF) motif that is conserved in the AS2/LOB family. We have shown that AS2 binds to the coding DNA of ETT/ARF3, which requires the ZF motif. AS2 is co-localized with AS1 in perinucleolar bodies (AS2 bodies). To identify the amino acid signals in AS2 required for formation of AS2 bodies and function(s) in leaf formation, we constructed recombinant DNAs that encoded mutant AS2 proteins fused to yellow fluorescent protein. We examined the subcellular localization of these proteins in cells of cotyledons and leaf primordia of transgenic plants and cultured cells. The amino acid signals essential for formation of AS2 bodies were located within and adjacent to the ZF motif. Mutant AS2 that failed to form AS2 bodies also failed to rescue the as2-1 mutation. Our results suggest the importance of the formation of AS2 bodies and the nature of interactions of AS2 with its target DNA and nucleolar factors including NUCLEOLIN1. The partial overlap of AS2 bodies with perinucleolar chromocenters with condensed ribosomal RNA genes implies a correlation between AS2 bodies and the chromatin state. Patterns of AS2 bodies in cells during interphase and mitosis in leaf primordia were distinct from those in cultured cells, suggesting that the formation and distribution of AS2 bodies are developmentally modulated in plants.

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.14579

PubMed

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Part of collection (book)  

Plant embryogenesis begins with fertilization and ends with the generation of the basic body plan of the future plant. Despite its importance, the dynamics of flowering plant ontogeny have long been a mystery, because the embryo develops deep in the maternal tissue. Recently, an embryonic live-cell imaging system was established in Arabidopsis thaliana by developing an in vitro ovule cultivation method and utilizing two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM), which is suitable for deep imaging. This system enabled us to visualize intracellular dynamics during zygote polarization and monitor the cell division pattern during embryogenesis from the zygote until organ formation. In this chapter, we describe a method that allows for high-resolution imaging of cytoskeletal rearrangements in the zygote and long-term tracing of embryo patterning.

DOI： 10.1007/978-1-0716-0342-0_4

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In most flowering plants, the asymmetric cell division of the zygote is the initial step in establishing the apical-basal axis of the mature plant. The zygote is polarized, possessing the nucleus at the apical tip and large vacuoles at the basal end. Despite their known polar localization, whether the positioning of the vacuoles and the nucleus is coordinated and what the role of the vacuole is in the asymmetric zygotic division remain elusive. In the present study, we utilized a live-cell imaging system to visualize the dynamics of vacuoles during the entire process of zygote polarization in Arabidopsis Image analysis revealed that the vacuoles formed tubular strands around the apically migrating nucleus. They gradually accumulated at the basal region and filled the space, resulting in asymmetric distribution in the mature zygote. To assess the role of vacuoles in the zygote, we screened various vacuole mutants and identified that shoot gravitropism2 (sgr2), in which the vacuolar structural change was impaired, failed to form tubular vacuoles and to polarly distribute the vacuole. In sgr2, large vacuoles occupied the apical tip and thus nuclear migration was blocked, resulting in a more symmetric zygotic division. We further observed that tubular vacuole formation and asymmetric vacuolar distribution both depended on the longitudinal array of actin filaments. Overall, our results show that vacuolar dynamics is crucial not only for the polar distribution along actin filaments but also for adequate nuclear positioning, and consequently zygote-division asymmetry.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1814160116

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER WIEN  

Parasite infections cause dramatic anatomical and ultrastructural changes in host plants. Cyst nematodes are parasites that invade host roots and induce a specific feeding structure called a syncytium. A syncytium is a large multinucleate cell formed by cell wall dissolution-mediated cell fusion. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is a major soybean pathogen. To investigate SCN infection and the syncytium structure, we established an in planta deep imaging system using a clearing solution ClearSee and two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM). Using this system, we found that several cells were incorporated into the syncytium; the nuclei increased in size and the cell wall openings began to be visible at 2 days after inoculation (DAI). Moreover, at 14 DAI, in the syncytium developed in the cortex, there were thickened concave cell wall pillars that resembled "Parthenon pillars." In contrast, there were many thick board-like cell walls and rarely Parthenon pillars in the syncytium developed in the stele. We revealed that the syncytia were classified into two types based on the pattern of the cell wall structures, which appeared to be determined by the position of the syncytium inside roots. Our results provide new insights into the developmental process of syncytium induced by cyst nematode and a better understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the syncytium in host roots.

DOI： 10.1007/s00709-017-1105-0

Web of Science

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS  

In most flowering plants, the zygote and embryo are hidden deep in the mother tissue, and thus it has long been a mystery of how they develop dynamically; for example, how the zygote polarizes to establish the body axis and how the embryo specifies various cell fates during organ formation. This manuscript describes an in vitro ovule culture method to perform live-cell imaging of developing zygotes and embryos of Arabidopsis thaliana. The optimized cultivation medium allows zygotes or early embryos to grow into fertile plants. By combining it with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) micropillar array device, the ovule is held in the liquid medium in the same position. This fixation is crucial to observe the same ovule under a microscope for several days from the zygotic division to the late embryo stage. The resulting live-cell imaging can be used to monitor the real-time dynamics of zygote polarization, such as nuclear migration and cytoskeleton rearrangement, and also the cell division timing and cell fate specification during embryo patterning. Furthermore, this ovule cultivation system can be combined with inhibitor treatments to analyze the effects of various factors on embryo development, and with optical manipulations such as laser disruption to examine the role of cell-cell communication.

DOI： 10.3791/55975.

Web of Science

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

DOI： 10.5685/plmorphol.29.81

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Last author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcw030

Language：English  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1242/dev.127613

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.008

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.018

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1093/pcp/pcv031

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Ca(2+) waves and oscillation are key signalling elements during the fertilization process of animals, and are involved, for example, in egg activation. In the unique double fertilization process in flowering plants, both the egg cell and the neighbouring central cell fuse with a sperm cell each. Here we succeeded in imaging cytosolic Ca(2+) in these two cells, and in the two synergid cells that accompany the gametes during semi-in vivo double fertilization. Following pollen tube discharge and plasmogamy, the egg and central cells displayed transient Ca(2+) spikes, but not oscillations. Only the events in the egg cell correlated with the plasmogamy. In contrast, the synergid cells displayed Ca(2+) oscillations on pollen tube arrival. The two synergid cells showed distinct Ca(2+) dynamics depending on their respective roles in tube reception. These Ca(2+) dynamics in the female gametophyte seem to represent highly specific signatures that coordinate successful double fertilization in the flowering plants.

DOI： 10.1038/ncomms5722.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2013.09.060

Language：Japanese  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English  

Sexual reproduction ensures propagation of species and enhances genetic diversity within populations. In flowering plants, sexual reproduction requires complicated and multi-step cell-to-cell communications among male and female cells. However, the confined nature of plant reproduction processes, which occur in the female reproductive organs and several cell layers of the pistil, limits our ability to observe these events in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent live-cell imaging in in vitro systems and the optical manipulation techniques that are used to capture the dynamic mechanisms representing molecular and cellular communications in sexual plant reproduction.

DOI： 10.1111/dgd.12040

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In flowering plants, double fertilization is normally accomplished by the first pollen tube, with the fertilized ovule subsequently inhibiting the attraction of a second pollen tube. However, the mechanism of second-pollen-tube avoidance remains unknown. We discovered that failure to fertilize either the egg cell or the central cell compromised second-pollen-tube avoidance in Arabidopsis thaliana. A similar disturbance was caused by disrupting the fertilization-independent seed (FIS) class polycomb-repressive complex 2 (FIS-PRC2), a central cell- and endosperm-specific chromatin-modifying complex for gene silencing. Therefore, the two female gametes have evolved their own signaling pathways. Intriguingly, second-pollen-tube attraction induced by half-successful fertilization allowed the ovules to complete double fertilization, producing a genetically distinct embryo and endosperm. We thus propose that each female gamete independently determines second-pollen-tube avoidance to maximize reproductive fitness in flowering plants.

DOI： 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.03.013.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (other)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Last author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (trade magazine, newspaper, online media)  

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (scientific journal)  

Event date： 2023.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2023.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2023.8

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Event date： 2023.6

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Event date： 2023.6

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Event date： 2023.3

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2023.3

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2022.11 - 2022.12

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Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2022.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2022.5 - 2022.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Event date： 2022.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

Event date： 2022.4

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Event date： 2022.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

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Event date： 2021.12

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2021.9

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Event date： 2021.3

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2020.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2020.9

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Event date： 2020.9

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2020.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2020.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2020.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2020.3

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Event date： 2019.9

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Event date： 2018.3

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

Event date： 2017.3

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2017.2

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.12

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.11

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Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.9

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Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：United States  

Event date： 2016.3

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2016.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：京都産業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：朱鷺メッセ・新潟コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2015.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：明治大学生田キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：明治大学生田キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.9

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2014.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Portugal  

Event date： 2013.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：奈良先端科学技術大学院大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北海道大学 高等教育推進機構   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：北海道大学札幌キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：静岡・KKR伊豆長岡千歳荘   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2013.2

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Australia  

Event date： 2012.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：日本女子大学八十年館   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：兵庫県立大学書写キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：兵庫県立大学書写キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：京都産業大学   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2012.2

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Australia  

Event date： 2011.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京大学駒場キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2011.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：日本女子大学目白キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2011.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2010.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：中部大学春日井キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2010.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：中部大学春日井キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2010.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：中部大学春日井キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2009.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：山形大学小白川キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2009.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：山形大学小白川キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2008.12

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2008.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：奈良県社会教育センター　かつらぎ   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2008.1

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2008.1

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2007.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：パシフィコ横浜・ヨコハマグランドインターコンチネンタルホテル   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2007.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：岡山大学理学部・津島キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2007.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Country：Germany  

Event date： 2007.8

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Netherlands  

Event date： 2007.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：大阪大学吹田キャンパス・コンベンションセンター   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2006.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：千葉大学けやき会館   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2006.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：国立遺伝学研究所   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2006.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：熊本大学大学教育センター棟   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2006.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：熊本大学大学教育センター棟   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2006.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Japan  

Event date： 2005.12

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：ヤフードーム（福岡県福岡市）   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2005.7

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：奈良県文化会館   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2005.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：新潟コンベンションセンター　朱鷺メッセ   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2004.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名城大学天白キャンパス   Country：Japan  

Event date： 2004.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Country：Korea, Republic of  

Language：Japanese  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Language：Japanese  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (public)  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)