Updated on 2024/09/19

写真a

 
TAMAI, Toshiki
 
Organization
Graduate School of Economics Department of Socio-Economic System Analysis on Markets and Institutions Professor
Graduate School
Graduate School of Economics
Undergraduate School
School of Economics Department of Economics
Title
Professor

Degree 1

  1. The Degree of Doctor of Economics ( 2006.3   Nagoya University ) 

Research Interests 5

  1. Economic Growth

  2. Public Goods

  3. Fiscal Policy

  4. Public Capital

  5. Tax Competition

Research Areas 3

  1. Humanities & Social Sciences / Public economics and labor economics  / Public Economics

  2. Humanities & Social Sciences / Economic policy

  3. Humanities & Social Sciences / Economic theory

Current Research Project and SDGs 2

  1. Public Investment and Economic Growth

  2. Tax Competition and Unemployment

Research History 6

  1. Nagoya University   Graduate School of Economics Department of Socio-Economic System Analysis on Markets and Institutions   Professor

    2022.4

  2. Nagoya University   Graduate School of Economics Department of Socio-Economic System Analysis on Markets and Institutions   Associate professor

    2016.4 - 2022.3

  3. Kinki University   Faculty of Economics   Associate professor

    2010.4 - 2016.3

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    Country:Japan

  4. Kinki University   Faculty of Economics   Lecturer

    2008.4 - 2010.3

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    Country:Japan

  5. Nagoya University   Graduate School of Economics Department of Socio-Economic System   Assistant Professor

    2007.4 - 2008.3

  6. Nagoya University   Graduate School of Economics   Research Fellow

    2006.4 - 2007.3

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Education 3

  1. Nagoya University   Graduate School, Division of Economics

    2003.4 - 2006.3

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    Country: Japan

  2. Nagoya University   Graduate School, Division of Economics

    2001.4 - 2003.3

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    Country: Japan

  3. Nagoya University   Faculty of Economics

    1997.4 - 2001.3

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    Country: Japan

Professional Memberships 4

  1. Japanese Economic Association

  2. 日本応用経済学会

  3. Association for Public Economic Theory

  4. International Institute of Public Finance

Committee Memberships 7

  1. 愛知県地方港湾審議会   1号委員  

    2024.4   

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    Committee type:Municipal

  2. 愛知県消費生活審議会   委員(学識経験者)  

    2024.4 - 2026.3   

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    Committee type:Municipal

  3. 名古屋市次期総合計画有識者懇談会   委員  

    2023.5   

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    Committee type:Municipal

  4. 日本学術振興会   科学研究費審査委員  

    2020.11 - 2022.10   

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    Committee type:Other

  5. 愛知県県営鳴海住宅PFI事業者選定委員会   委員  

    2020.5 - 2021.3   

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    Committee type:Municipal

  6. 愛知県県営野波住宅PFI事業者選定委員会   委員  

    2019.5 - 2021.3   

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    Committee type:Municipal

  7. 日本応用経済学会   学会誌編集委員  

    2018.12 - 2020.11   

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    Committee type:Academic society

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Awards 2

  1. 調査研究優秀研究賞

    2023.3   かんぽ財団  

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    Award type:Award from publisher, newspaper, foundation, etc. 

  2. 日本応用経済学会奨励賞

    2009.11   日本応用経済学会  

    玉井 寿樹

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    Award type:Award from Japanese society, conference, symposium, etc. 

 

Papers 37

  1. The rate of discount on public investments with future bias in an altruistic overlapping generations model Reviewed International journal

    Tamai T.

    European Journal of Political Economy   Vol. 79   2023.9

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2023.102416

    Scopus

  2. Social security, economic growth, and social welfare in an overlapping generation model with idiosyncratic TFP shock and heterogeneous workers Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    JOURNAL OF POPULATION ECONOMICS     2023.1

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Journal of Population Economics  

    This paper develops an overlapping generation model of endogenous growth by incorporating an idiosyncratic productivity shock and heterogeneous individual labor productivity. The idiosyncratic shock generates ex-post inequalities, whereas workers’ heterogeneity generates ex-ante inequalities. Social security programs might improve social welfare by providing insurance for risks not covered by private annuities and redistribution for inequalities. The equilibrium growth rate achieved under a pay-as-you-go pension system is lower than the growth rate achieved under the fully funded pension systems because the pay-as-you-go pension system hinders capital accumulation. However, a pay-as-you-go pension with additional benefits for savings enhances capital accumulation by incentivizing people to save. If the degree of relative risk aversion is sufficiently low, then the equilibrium growth rate under the modified unfunded pension system exceeds that under the funded pension system. In terms of social welfare within the Rawlsian welfare function, if people are highly risk-averse and therefore strongly inequality-averse, a pay-as-you-go system with no savings credit outperforms a fully funded system. By contrast, pay-as-you-go with savings credit is preferred if people have low risk aversion leading to weak inequality aversion.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00148-022-00934-w

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  3. Unemployment, tax competition, and tax transfer policy Reviewed International coauthorship International journal

    Tamai Toshiki, Myles Gareth

    JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC THEORY   Vol. 24 ( 3 ) page: 470 - 503   2022.6

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Journal of Public Economic Theory  

    The reduction of capital tax rates witnessed over the past two decades has been motivated by the wish to boost investment and reduce unemployment. Previous models of tax competition have explored the consequences for capital allocation in great detail, but have mostly been silent on the employment effects due to the assumption of a perfect labor market. To address the impact of tax competition on employment and public good provision, this paper reconsiders the analysis in the presence of a labor market imperfection that generates unemployment. We incorporate a wage rigidity and intergovernmental transfers financed by the labor income tax into the standard tax competition model to explore the outcome of federal–state policy interaction. The key factors in determining the efficiency are the capital–labor substitutability/complementary and the cost of the efficient level of public good supply relative to the ability of the labor income to generate revenue. When the labor income tax is insufficient for financing, there can only be efficiency if the aggregate externality is negative—but this outcome is only one of multiple equilibria. We also show that federal government leadership is effective to provide public goods efficiently by state governments if capital and labor are substitutes.

    DOI: 10.1111/jpet.12563

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  4. Economic growth, equilibrium welfare, and public goods provision with intergenerational altruism Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY   Vol. 71   2022.1

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:European Journal of Political Economy  

    This study examines the government policy of public goods provision and its effects on economic growth and welfare under intergenerational altruism. The study considers an endogenous growth model with altruistic overlapping generations. The preferences of the current youth exhibit a future bias, and thus, democratically elected governments are subject to this future bias. The optimal rule for the supply of public goods under future bias differs from the original Samuelson rule. Unlike the standard growth model without any bias, under the optimal rule, the equilibrium growth rate is not independent of government size. Future bias gives young generations the dynamic incentives to invest more. With future bias, the intergenerational redistributive effects of public goods stimulate such incentives under certain conditions. Hence, the government size affects the economic growth through intertemporal changes in their resource allocations. Moreover, the growth effect of the government size provides nontrivial outcomes of welfare analysis. Our numerical analyses show the growth and welfare superiority of the democratic governments to the nonbiased social planner.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102068

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  5. Capital market integration and fiscal sustainability Reviewed International journal

    Miyazawa Kazutoshi, Ogawa Hikaru, Tamai Toshiki

    EUROPEAN ECONOMIC REVIEW   Vol. 120   2019.11

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:European Economic Review  

    By constructing a two-country endogenous growth model with a debt-financing government, this paper studies the relationship between the sustainability of public finance and increases in inter-regional factor mobility. To this end, it identifies the minimum tax rate that ensures fiscal sustainability against the backdrop of capital tax competition and studies whether competition for mobile capital lowers or improves fiscal sustainability. The main findings are as follows: (i) when countries are symmetric, increasing capital flows promotes economic growth through the expansion of Romer-type knowledge spillovers, resulting in increased fiscal sustainability in all countries; and (ii) when a marked difference exists between countries, tax competition caused by capital movements might lower fiscal sustainability in a country with abundant capital and large outstanding debt.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.103305

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  6. Tax competition, unemployment, and intergovernmental transfers Reviewed International journal

    Kikuchi Yuya, Tamai Toshiki

    International Tax and Public Finance   Vol. 26 ( 4 ) page: 899 - 918   2019.8

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1007/s10797-019-09533-0

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  7. Public investment, the rate of return, and optimal fiscal policy in a stochastically growing economy Reviewed International journal

    Toshiki Tamai

    JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS   Vol. 49   page: 1 - 17   2016.9

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    This study examines the optimal fiscal policy in a stochastic endogenous growth model with private and public capital. The government is willing to actualize a socially optimal equilibrium using a lump-sum tax and government debt linked to public investments, subject to the budget constraint under the golden rule of public finance. A socially optimal fiscal policy states that a deterministic rate of return on government bonds sets the marginal product of public capital. Moreover, public investments optimally adjust the ratio of private capital to public capital to equate the rates of return on such capital. The presence of stochastic disturbances results in a disparity between the optimal marginal products of the two types of capital, as reported in previous empirical studies. This disparity significantly affects the socially optimal growth rate in response to investment risk. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2016.04.006

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  8. Who gains from capital market integration? Tax competition between unionized and non-unionized countries Reviewed International journal

    Hikaru Ogawa, Yasuhiro Sato, Toshiki Tamai

    CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D ECONOMIQUE   Vol. 49 ( 1 ) page: 76 - 110   2016.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY  

    The welfare effects of capital market integration are examined under a model of tax competition with two asymmetric countries. The asymmetry is expressed through the labour market: one country has a perfect labour market whereas the other country's labour market is unionized. Our results indicate that the welfare effects of capital market integration differ depending on whether governments are active or passive in attracting capital. In the absence of active governments, capital market integration benefits the country with a competitive labour market whereas it harms the unionized country. Capital market integration benefits both countries if governments are active and compete for mobile capital using taxes/subsidies.

    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12191

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  9. Are fiscal sustainability and stable balanced-growth equilibrium simultaneously attainable? Reviewed International journal

    Akira Kamiguchi, Toshiki Tamai

    Metroeconomica   Vol. 63 ( 3 ) page: 443 - 457   2012.6

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

  10. Public goods provision, redistributive taxation, and wealth accumulation Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    Journal of Public Economics   Vol. 94 ( 11-12 ) page: 1067 - 1072   2010.12

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.06.019

  11. A note on unemployment and capital tax competition Reviewed International journal

    Hikaru Ogawa, Yasuhiro Sato, Toshiki Tamai

    JOURNAL OF URBAN ECONOMICS   Vol. 60 ( 2 ) page: 350 - 356   2006.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE  

    We introduce a labor market imperfection into the capital tax competition literature to study the equilibrium tax formulae and their efficiency in the presence of unemployment. Since we allow for labor market imperfection, the standard conclusions of the tax competition literature would be generalized in the case of non-full employment. Our first result shows that even when head taxes on immobile residents are available, the optimal capital tax rate for jurisdictional governments is not zero. Our second finding is that decentralized equilibrium might be characterized by the overprovision of local public goods when the labor market is imperfect. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2005.07.002

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  12. Public investment, factor income taxation, and intergenerational welfare distribution in an overlapping generations model Reviewed

    Tamai, T

    JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS     2024.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Journal of Economics/ Zeitschrift fur Nationalokonomie  

    This paper examines intergenerational welfare effects of public investment financed by factor income taxes in a perpetual-youth overlapping generations model. With elastic labor supply, our analysis shows that long-run employment increases as the tax rate on capital income increases. The positive long-run effect of capital income taxation on employment weakens the negative growth effect of tax distortion. In contrast, the long-run employment might decrease as the tax rate on labor income increases. Hence, the negative long-run effect of labor income taxation on employment strengthens the negative growth effect due to the tax distortion. Finally, this paper reveals that older people with more financial wealth suffer more significant welfare loss from the increased tax on each capital and labor income than younger people if the increased tax impedes economic growth. Furthermore, the increased tax harms the younger generations more than the older generations at the aggregate level because they have a larger population than the older people. However, the negative welfare effects of labor income taxation are stronger than those of capital income taxation because of the negative effect of labor income taxation on employment, which leads to a lower equilibrium growth rate.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00712-024-00875-w

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  13. Public investment, national debt, and economic growth: The role of debt finance under dynamic inefficiency Reviewed International journal

    Kamiguchi Akira, Tamai Toshiki

    JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS   Vol. 77   2023.9

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Journal of Macroeconomics  

    Public investment is a central issue in the dynamic analyses of fiscal policy and economic growth. Debt financing for public investment and its effects have recently received great attention because interest rates have been low, almost invariably remaining below economic growth rates. This paper presents examination of the effects of debt-financed public investment subject to a simple fiscal rule in an overlapping generations model with public capital. This topic includes capital budgeting and the debt–deficit criterion of the Maastricht treaty. We show herein that debt financing for public investment enhances economic growth if an economy is dynamically inefficient and if public capital has a sufficiently large productivity effect. Moreover, it reduces economic growth rates in a dynamically efficient economy. Debt and growth can have a monotonic or non-monotonic relation, depending on the steady-state interest rate, growth rate, and productivity effect of public investment. The findings indicate that debt–growth relations match with controversial empirical evidence. Furthermore, existing generations choose perfect debt finance if dynamic inefficiency exists. In contrast, a balanced budget is preferred in a dynamically efficient economy with low productivity effects of public capital. However, an economy with high productivity effects of public capital might cho ose debt financing. This paper contributes to the elucidation of currently emphasized issues of public investment.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2023.103535

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  14. Unemployment and endogenous choice on tax instruments in a tax competition model: unit tax versus ad valorem tax Reviewed International journal

    Kikuchi Yuya, Tamai Toshiki

    INTERNATIONAL TAX AND PUBLIC FINANCE     2023.6

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:International Tax and Public Finance  

    This paper examines the endogenous choice of unit and ad valorem taxes in a model of tax competition with unemployment. Governments maximize objective functions that are a weighted sum of regional welfare and revenue. In the tax competition model, a high fixed wage rate generates unemployment and employment externalities. This effect can be either positive or negative because of freely mobile capital among regions. Without unemployment, revenue-maximizing governments choose unit taxes as their tax instrument to avoid revenue losses from intense tax competition under ad valorem taxes. However, with unemployment, positive employment externalities generate additional benefits for using ad valorem taxes to stimulate employment. Therefore, the present study shows that one region chooses an ad valorem tax, whereas the other chooses a unit tax, or that both governments use ad valorem taxes depending on employment externalities.

    DOI: 10.1007/s10797-023-09785-x

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  15. Tax competition versus tax coordination in a multi-region endogenous growth model with an integrated capital market* Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    ECONOMIC MODELLING   Vol. 114   2022.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Economic Modelling  

    This paper analyzes tax competition and coordination, determining which is better in a multi-region endogenous growth model. With an integrated capital market, increased capital tax in one region generates external benefits to others through an increased tax base originating from capital flight. Because this efficiency cost affects resource allocation between private and public goods and intertemporal consumption and investment choice, a higher cost derives a lower equilibrium capital tax rate, leading to a higher economic growth rate. Consequently, the inefficiency costs exert two opposite welfare effects via inefficiently low public goods supply and high economic growth. Naturally, tax coordination to cope with severe tax competition is welfare improving to resolve the underprovision of public goods instead of accepting low growth. In contrast, tax coordination is not desirable if tax competition is mild because benefits from high growth outweigh the costs of an undersupply of public goods.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2022.105933

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  16. Tax Competition, Economic Growth, and Social Welfare

    国際経済政策研究センターディスカッションペーパー     2021.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

  17. Public capital, economic growth, and welfare in an endogenous growth model with the weakest-link externality

    Toshiki Tamai

    経済科学   Vol. 68 ( 2-3 ) page: 1 - 9   2020.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

  18. Nash Equilibria in Models of Fiscal Competition with Unemployment

    Toshiki Tamai, Kikuchi Yuya

    国際経済政策研究センターディスカッションペーパー     2020.11

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

  19. Public Investment, National Debt, and Economic Growth: The Role of Debt Finance under Dynamic Inefficiency

    Toshiki Tamai, Akira Kamiguchi

    国際経済政策研究センターディスカッションペーパー     2020.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

  20. Public investment, public debt, and population aging under the golden rule of public finance Reviewed International journal

    Akira Kamiguchi, Toshiki Tamai

    Journal of Macroeconomics   Vol. 60   page: 110 - 122   2019.6

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2019.01.011

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  21. A note on fiscal policy, indeterminacy, and endogenous time preference Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    ECONOMICS BULLETIN   Vol. 39 ( 1 ) page: 615-625   2019

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    Authorship:Lead author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    Web of Science

  22. Dynamic provision of public goods under uncertainty Reviewed International journal

    Toshiki Tamai

    Economic Modelling   Vol. 68   page: 409 - 415   2018.1

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier B.V.  

    This study investigates the private provision of public goods under uncertainty using a general dynamic equilibrium model with stochastic disturbances. In particular, the model incorporates income shocks governed by a Wiener process with a mean of zero and standard deviation of unity as uncertainty. We analyze how uncertainty and population size affect the supply of public goods. Dynamic analysis shows the importance of attitude toward risk and a contrast between short-run and long-run responses to increases in uncertainty and population size. Results show that under specified conditions, escalating uncertainty reduces the long-run contributions to public goods through the stochastic accumulation of capital but it raises short-run contributions. The average contribution increases to a positive finite value by increasing the population to a certain level, but it declines toward zero if the population size is infinite. These twin results are based on the dynamic behaviors of risk-averse individuals responding to elevated risks.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2017.08.008

    Web of Science

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  23. Public capital, deficit financing, and economic growth in a stochastic economy Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    Journal of Macroeconomics   Vol. 42   page: 14 - 26   2014.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2014.06.006

  24. The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in a stochastically growing economy Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    Economic Modelling   Vol. 35   page: 464 - 471   2013.9

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.001

  25. Can productive government spending be a source of equilibrium indeterminacy? Reviewed International journal

    Akira Kamiguchi, Toshiki Tamai

    Economic Modelling   Vol. 28 ( 3 ) page: 1335 - 1340   2011.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2011.01.014

  26. Inequality, unemployment, and endogenous growth in a political economy with a minimum wage Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    Journal of Economics   Vol. 97 ( 3 ) page: 217 - 232   2009.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

  27. PUBLIC CAPITAL, TAXATION AND ENDOGENOUS GROWTH IN A FINITE HORIZONS MODEL Reviewed International journal

    Toshiki Tamai

    METROECONOMICA   Vol. 60 ( 1 ) page: 179 - 196   2009.2

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

    This paper presents development of an endogenously growing finite horizons model with public capital, and investigates macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy and a change in life expectancy. Specifically regarding novel results, a growth-maximizing income tax rate exists that is less than the elasticity of public capital to output. In addition, in the model with income tax financing, there might exist an inverted-U-shaped relationship between life expectancy and growth, which is consistent with some empirical evidence. In this paper, we elucidate the interaction among public capital accumulation, taxes, growth, welfare and life expectancy.

    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-999X.2008.00339.x

    Web of Science

  28. Variety of products, public capital, and endogenous growth Reviewed International journal

    Toshiki Tamai

    ECONOMIC MODELLING   Vol. 26 ( 1 ) page: 251 - 255   2009.1

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    This paper develops an extension of the endogenous growth model with variety expansion presented in Romer [Romer, P.M., 1990. Endogenous technical change. Journal of Political Economy 98, part 2, S71-S102] by considering public capital accumulation. Characterizing the transitional dynamics, the growth rate of consumption traces (and available number of intermediate goods also might trace) ail S-shaped converging path to the equilibrium growth rate, similar to a logistic growth Curve, if the intensity of public capital is sufficiently high. We also show that public investment enhances economic growth because it stimulates demand for intermediate goods and raises the market interest rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2008.07.003

    Web of Science

  29. Dynamic analysis on public investment policies in an endogenous growth model Reviewed

    Tamai Toshiki

    Studies in Applied Economics   Vol. 3   page: 157-165   2009

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

  30. Employment, fiscal policy, and oligopsonistic labour market Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    Australian Journal of Labour Economics   Vol. 12 ( 3 ) page: 321-337   2009

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)  

  31. Fiscal and Monetary Policy in an Endogenous Growth Model with Public Capital Reviewed International journal

    Toshiki Tamai

    FINANZARCHIV   Vol. 64 ( 4 ) page: 403 - 421   2008.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MOHR SIEBECK  

    This paper develops an endogenous growth model in which the government finances its public investment using both income taxation and seigniorage. Arguments presented in this paper show that public investment financed by seigniorage gradually pulls up the growth rate of consumption and overshoots the inflation rate. Furthermore, we show that public investment financed by an income tax brings about an overshooting of the inflation rate and a simultaneous undershooting of the growth rate of consumption. These dynamic effects influence welfare dynamics. Taking account of transitional effects, we derive the welfare effects of fiscal and monetary policy.

    DOI: 10.1628/001522108X397606

    Web of Science

  32. A note on the dynamic analysis of fiscal competition Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    URBAN STUDIES   Vol. 45 ( 3 ) page: 651 - 657   2008.3

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Urban Studies  

    This note presents an analysis of dynamic aspects of fiscal competition in a model with local capital accumulation. This shows that, even when a head tax is available, the optimal capital tax rate is generally non-zero. In addition, a decentralised equilibrium without a head tax might be characterised by overprovision of local public goods in a dynamic fiscal competition model. The source of inefficiency is overaccumulation of local capital. © 2008 Urban Studies Journal Limited.

    DOI: 10.1177/0042098007087339

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  33. Optimal fiscal policy in an endogenous growth model with public capital: a note Reviewed International journal

    Tamai T.

    JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS   Vol. 93 ( 1 ) page: 81 - 93   2008.2

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Journal of Economics/ Zeitschrift fur Nationalokonomie  

    This note presents an investigation of the optimal tax rule in endogenous growth models with public capital. It is presumed that the government levies only an income tax in addition to financing public investment. Furthermore, a household's saving is deducted from the income tax. We find the optimal tax rule whereby the social optimum is attainable. The manner by which a government imposes a tax on income and administers tax deductions is important for attaining a socially optimal situation. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.

    DOI: 10.1007/s00712-007-0287-x

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  34. Public intermediate goods, endogenous growth, and indeterminacy Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    ECONOMIC MODELLING   Vol. 24 ( 4 ) page: 683 - 689   2007.7

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Economic Modelling  

    This paper presents analysis of indeterminacy and endogenous growth in a simple one-sector model of capital accumulation, in which the presence of public intermediate goods creates a positive externality in the production of final goods. In our model, public intermediate goods are assumed to be a stock variable (similar to public capital goods). According to the existence of public intermediate goods, the model generates transitional dynamics and then the intertemporal elasticity of substitution that is particularly critical to local indeterminacy. The possibility of indeterminacy is demonstrably consistent with plausible parameter values. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2007.01.003

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  35. Tax Competition, Capital Taxation, and Capital Accumulation Reviewed

    Tamai T.

    Studies in Regional Science   Vol. 37 ( 3 ) page: 739 - 747   2007

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Studies in Regional Science  

    This paper investigates the consequences of tax competition in a simple dynamic model. Because capital accumulation is allowed the standard conclusions of the tax competition literature were generalized in the dynamic model. First, we showed that the capital tax rate chosen by jurisdictional governments is not zero even when head taxes on immobile residents are available. Second, a decentralized economy may be characterized by an overprovision of local public goods. Finally, capital tax competition brings about not only over accumulation of capital stock but also under accumulation of capital stock. © 2007, JAPAN SECTION OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL. All rights reserved.

    DOI: 10.2457/srs.37.739

    Scopus

  36. Endogenous market structure and fiscal policy in an endogenous growth model with public capital Reviewed International journal

    Tamai T.

    Economics Bulletin   Vol. 15 ( 1 )   2006.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Economics Bulletin  

    This paper develops an endogenous growth model with public capital and imperfect competition. In the model, we take into account monopolistic competition of intermidiate sector and endogenous determination of the number of firms in the sector by considering the fixed cost to keep production going. We show that the number of firms in intermidiate sector is affected by fiscal policy. Furthermore, it is demonstrated in the paper that market structure plays a key role in reducing the growth-maximizing tax rate.

    Scopus

  37. Fiscal policy and adjustment costs of private investment in an endogenous growth model with public capital Reviewed International journal

    Tamai Toshiki

    FINANZARCHIV   Vol. 62 ( 4 ) page: 455 - 470   2006.12

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    Language:Japanese   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:FinanzArchiv  

    This paper develops an endogenous growth model with public capital and examines the growth and welfare effects of a fiscal policy that is financed by corporate taxation. In the model, we incorporate the investment decision-making of competitive firms by considering the adjustment costs of private investment. We show that there arises an indeterminacy of the balanced growth path. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that growth-maximizing policy is not equivalent to welfare-maximizing policy on the balanced growth path. © 2006 Mohr Siebeck.

    DOI: 10.1628/001522106X172652

    Web of Science

    Scopus

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Presentations 21

  1. Nash equilibria in models of fiscal competition with unemployment International conference

    Toshiki Tamai

    2020 Annual Conference of International Insutitution of Public Finance  2020.8 

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    Event date: 2020.8

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Online  

  2. Deficit-financed public investment, economic growth, and welfare in an overlapping generations model International conference

    Akira Kamiguchi, Toshiki Tamai

    2019.7 

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    Event date: 2019.7

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:ストラスブール大学   Country:France  

  3. Tax competition, unemployment, and intergovernmental transfers Invited

    Toshiki Tamai

    六甲フォーラム  神戸大学大学院経済学研究科

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    Event date: 2017.11

    Language:English   Presentation type:Public lecture, seminar, tutorial, course, or other speech  

  4. Public investment and golden rule of public finance in an overlapping generations model International conference

    Kamiguchi Akira, Tamai Toshiki

    2017 Annual Conference of Association for Public Economic Theory 

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    Event date: 2017.7

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II   Country:France  

  5. Public investment and golden rule of public finance in an overlapping generations model Invited

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2017.2

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Country:Japan  

  6. 公的資本と経済成長 Invited

    玉井 寿樹

    日本応用経済学会秋季大会 

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    Event date: 2016.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Venue:慶應義塾大学   Country:Japan  

  7. Long-run growth and welfare in an endogenous growth model with productive public goods and spillover effects Invited International conference

    Tamai Toshiki

    Workshop on Macroeconomics 

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    Event date: 2016.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Country:Japan  

  8. Regional infrastructure and economic growth International conference

    Kitaura Koji, Tamai Toshiki

    2015 Annual Conference of Association for Public Economic Theory 

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    Event date: 2015.7

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:University of Luxembourg   Country:Luxembourg  

  9. Regional infrastructure and economic growth Invited

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    Event date: 2015.5

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Country:Japan  

  10. Public capital, capacity utilization and economic growth Invited

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2014.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Country:Japan  

  11. The macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy in a stochastically growing economy International conference

    Tamai Toshiki

    Workshop in Economics of Production and Distribution 

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    Event date: 2013.6

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Clare Hall College, University of Cambridge   Country:United Kingdom  

  12. Are fiscal sustainability and stable balanced-growth equilibrium simultaneously attainable? Invited

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2011.6

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

  13. Are fiscal sustainability and stable balanced-growth equilibrium simultaneously attainable? Invited

    Tamai Toshiki

    Conference on public economics and macroeconomics 

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    Event date: 2010.10

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (invited, special)  

    Country:Japan  

  14. Distortionary taxation, balanced-budget rules, and macroeconomic (in)stability

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2009.6

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

  15. Dynamic analysis on public investment policies in an endogenous growth model

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2008.11

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

  16. A simple model of dynamic tax competition

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    Event date: 2006.10

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

  17. Fiscal and monetary policy in an endogenous growth model with public capital

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    Event date: 2006.6

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

  18. Fiscal policy in a two-sector endogenous growth model

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2005.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Chuo University   Country:Japan  

  19. Unemployment and capital tax competition International conference

    Tamai Toshiki

    61st Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance 

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    Event date: 2005.5

    Language:English   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Korea, Republic of  

  20. Endogenous growth model with public capital for consumers and producers

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2003.9

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Country:Japan  

  21. Longevity, altruism, and endogenous growth

    Tamai Toshiki

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    Event date: 2003.6

    Language:Japanese   Presentation type:Oral presentation (general)  

    Venue:Oita University   Country:Japan  

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KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) 12

  1. Optimal public investment policy under population decline

    Grant number:22H00841  2022.4 - 2026.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\11310000 ( Direct Cost: \8700000 、 Indirect Cost:\2610000 )

  2. 税競争理論にもとづく越境電子商取引と多国籍デジタル企業に対する課税の研究

    Grant number:22H00854  2022.4 - 2026.3

    科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    小川 光, 津布久 将史, 古村 聖, 須佐 大樹, 家森 信善, 内藤 徹, 玉井 寿樹

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

    多国籍企業の影響力と越境電子商取引の拡大という環境変化に対して、各国政府による課税対応が追いつかない場面が見られる。国際課税の理論研究も同様であり、消費者による越境購入についても、また企業による越境調達についても、実店舗での購入を前提にしたモデルのもとで分析がなされ、オンライン上での財やサービスの取引が可能になった新しい状況を十分に取り込めていない。本研究では、電子商取引や越境取引という新たな要素を含んだ税競争モデルを構築し、現代的な政策課題に対応する税を中心にした政策分析を行うための基盤理論モデルを構築する。そのうえで、従来得られていた標準的な最適課税ルールの拡張と修正を試みる。

  3. 税競争理論にもとづく越境電子商取引と多国籍デジタル企業に対する課税の研究

    Grant number:23K22125  2022.4 - 2026.3

    科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    小川 光, 玉井 寿樹, 津布久 将史, 古村 聖, 須佐 大樹, 家森 信善, 内藤 徹

      More details

    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s) 

    多国籍企業の影響力と越境電子商取引の拡大という環境変化に対して、各国政府による課税対応が追いつかない場面が見られる。国際課税の理論研究も同様であり、消費者による越境購入についても、また企業による越境調達についても、実店舗での購入を前提にしたモデルのもとで分析がなされ、オンライン上での財やサービスの取引が可能になった新しい状況を十分に取り込めていない。本研究では、電子商取引や越境取引という新たな要素を含んだ税競争モデルを構築し、現代的な政策課題に対応する税を中心にした政策分析を行うための基盤理論モデルを構築する。そのうえで、従来得られていた標準的な最適課税ルールの拡張と修正を試みる。
    モデル構築を担当する班は、関連する先行研究のレビューを幅広く行いつつ、事前準備として進めてきたパイロットモデルをベースに越境取引や電子取引を許した基礎的なモデルを構築した。越境取引と電子商取引の2つの選択を許した複雑化したモデルになったため、分析の一部を解析的に解くことができないケースについて、数値解析を行って結果を補完することで論文化までたどりつくことができた。また、分析の過程で発見した先行研究における厚生評価上の誤りの指摘と、その誤り修正した結果を提示した研究をコメント論文としてJournal of Public Economic Theory誌に掲載する成果をあげた。具体的には、先行研究では電子商取引が存在するもとでは、原産地課税原則を採用したほうが仕向け地原則を採用するよりも社会厚生上望ましいという結果を示していたが、モデル分析上の誤りを正すと、結果が逆になることを示した。さらに、電子商取引を利用した家計消費のデータを利用して、日本の地方消費税の自治体間配分ルールの変更の効果を検証する実証研究をスタートさせて、パイロット的な結果をDiscussion paperの形で公表した。個別課題に取り組む研究としては、例えば、金融班では、コロナ禍で進んだオンライン化を踏まえたポストコロナに向けた金融機関の事業性評価をテーマにした書籍を刊行する成果も得た。2023年3月には、各分担者の研究進捗状況を確認するワークショップを東京大学で開催し、研究成果の公表に向けての研究が進んでいることを確認した。
    電子商取引を含む税競争モデルの基本的枠組みを完成させることができ、これをベースに様々な拡張と応用研究を行っていく基礎ができた点で順調に研究が進んでいると判断できる。加えて、計画以上に進展しているとするのは、当初、予定になかった日本の電子商取引を利用した消費に関するデータを利用した実証研究にまで一歩踏み込めたことが理由である。
    理論研究班では、昨年度に構築した電子商取引を含んだ税競争モデルを補強、拡張する。すなわち数値シミュレーションによる視覚化、様々な仮定の変更を通じての結果の頑健性の確認を行う。理論研究班以外の研究班は、引き続き、各テーマに沿った研究を推進する。初年度に構築した基本モデルは、税競争モデルを使った様々な話題に応用できる可能性があるので、電子商取引に代わる要素を含めたモデルへの展開を試みてみる。加えて、昨年度にパイロット的に示した実証研究の結果について、内生性問題への対処などを施すことによって論文の完成に向けた実証作業を行う。さらに、税競争モデルに動学的要素を考慮することで、時間方面に拡張した研究を行うことができることに気付いたため、動学税競争研究を得意とする研究者を新規に分担者として追加して、理論研究班との共同研究を開始する。

  4. Optimal public investment policy under population decline

    Grant number:23K22112  2022.4 - 2026.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Authorship:Principal investigator 

    Grant amount:\11310000 ( Direct Cost: \8700000 、 Indirect Cost:\2610000 )

  5. Dynamics of Global Economy with Infrastructure Development and Institutional Design

    Grant number:20H01492  2020.4 - 2024.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)  Grant type:Competitive

  6. Research on self-help and mutual help between generations in the declining population era

    Grant number:18H00865  2018.4 - 2022.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

    Kuroda Tatsuaki

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)  Grant type:Competitive

    With the declining birthrate and aging population in Japan, the choice of place of residence for each generation has become a major issue. Living with parents or living in remote areas, which often focuses on strategic choices, including customs and conflicts of interest for children, is not only about regional income and rent disparities, but also different incomes at each stage of life, etc. Focusing on the influence of these constraints, the analysis was performed mainly using the overlapping generation model. As a result, for example, in the early stages of urbanization, public income transfers go from urban to rural areas, but later in the opposite direction. We also show that both the tax rate and the ratio of public debt to GDP are strongly dependent on the extension of life. The results explain the rising trend of public debt to GDP as the population ages in countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan.

  7. Institutional Design for Provision of Public Goods(Fostering Joint International Research)

    Grant number:16KK0077  2017 - 2019

    Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research)

    TAMAI Toshiki

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\4810000 ( Direct Cost: \3700000 、 Indirect Cost:\1110000 )

    The research project aims to develop a modelling framework to investigate the efficiency of public goods provision by incorporating market imperfections, tax-transfer systems, and other relevant factors. The study demonstrates the best systems of taxation and fiscal transfer in order to resolve the underprovision of public goods under various realistic situations. In particular, the study focuses on the role of intergovernmental redistributive transfers. The models provide a good conceptual basis for analyzing the design of fiscal systems for providing public goods and will be valuable for policy makers.

  8. Optimal Provision of Public Goods under Uncertainty

    Grant number:16K03726  2016.4 - 2020.3

    TAMAI Toshiki

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\2600000 ( Direct Cost: \2000000 、 Indirect Cost:\600000 )

    The purposes of this study are to derive an optimal rule of public goods provision under uncertainty and to provide practical criteria for policy makers. In the study, we modeled mathematical frameworks of dynamic provision of public goods under uncertainty. One of our main findings based on the mathematical models is that the optimal system of fiscal transfer under unemployment uncertainty positively depends on Gross Domestic Product. Numerical simulation with realistic data shows that such transfer system is reliable and practicable.

  9. Studies on the role of infrastructure for sustainable development in developing countries

    Grant number:16H03625  2016.4 - 2020.3

    Koji Kitaura

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    Authorship:Coinvestigator(s)  Grant type:Competitive

    The outline of our research results is as follows. First, we have constructed a model that analyzes the impact of infrastructure, such as ports, on economic development. Second, when comparing to the cash transfer programs such as conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)and unconditional cash transfer programs (UCTs) in various developing countries, we analyze how it affects the disparity of the countries. Finally, using a political economy approach, we analyzed why cash transfer programs differ between countries in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.

  10. Fiscal sustainability and financial stability

    Grant number:24530377  2012.4 - 2016.3

    TAMAI Toshiki

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\2600000 ( Direct Cost: \2000000 、 Indirect Cost:\600000 )

    This study analyzes fiscal sustainability and stability of financial markets. The theoretical analysis shows that the golden rule of public finance enables actualizing the first-best equilibrium. A criteria to evaluate the dynamic efficiency of public investment is also provided. Numerical analysis shows that the first-best equilibrium has been actualized in the UK economy, and might be applicable to Germany and Japan when the golden rule was active.

  11. Dynamic Analysis on Fiscal Policy under Imperfect Competition

    Grant number:22730268  2010 - 2011

    TAMAI Toshiki

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\1170000 ( Direct Cost: \900000 、 Indirect Cost:\270000 )

    This study presents a realistic model of effective demand in the monetary production economy. The study shows that the aggregate demand size affects the aggregate income and employment level. A constitutive shortage of aggregate demand brings about constitutive unemployment equilibria. The fiscal policy is effective to promote the expansion of aggregate income and employment, and raises social welfare.

  12. Dynamic analysis on maintenance in public capital

    Grant number:20730206  2008 - 2009

    TAMAI Toshiki

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    Authorship:Principal investigator  Grant type:Competitive

    Grant amount:\1170000 ( Direct Cost: \900000 、 Indirect Cost:\270000 )

    This study develops an infrastructure-led growth model with choosing the durability of public capital. First, the theoretical study show that a rise in the share of public investment does not always require the neglect of maintenance of public capital, whereas a large amount of public capital stock requires low level of the durability. Second, the study demonstrates that optimally chosen durability is correlated with tax rate. The second result supports ad hoc setting of endogenous durability by Rioja (2003) and Kalaitzidakis and Kalyvitis (2004). These results are summarized in "Dynamic analysis on public investment policies in an endogenous growth model" (Studies in Applied Economics 3, pp.157-165, 2009 etc).

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Teaching Experience (On-campus) 21

  1. First Year Seminar

    2023

  2. Economics

    2023

  3. Microeconomics Ⅰ

    2023

  4. Seminar on Economics I

    2021

  5. Special Studies (Graduation Thesis Research on Economics I)(E)

    2021

  6. Special Studies (Seminar on Economics I)(E)

    2021

  7. Public Economics

    2021

  8. Seminar on Management I

    2021

  9. Seminar on Public Economics Ⅰ

    2021

  10. Graduation Thesis Research on Management I

    2021

  11. Graduation Thesis Research on Economics I

    2021

  12. Economics A

    2020

  13. Public Economics

    2020

  14. Advanced Course of Public Economics

    2020

  15. Seminar on Public Economics Ⅱ

    2020

  16. Seminar on Public Economics Ⅰ

    2020

  17. Public Economics B

    2020

  18. Public Economics

    2020

  19. Public Economics

    2019

  20. Public Economics

    2017

  21. Public Economics

    2016

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