Organization
Center for Digital Humanities and Social Sciences Professor
Graduate School
Graduate School of Economics
Title
Professor
Contact information
SONODA, Tadashi
Degree 2
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Ph.D. in Economics （ 2000.3 University of Tsukuba ）
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M.A. in Business and Commerce （ 1995.3 Keio University ）
Research Areas 2
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Humanities & Social Sciences / Agricultural and food economics
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Humanities & Social Sciences / Agricultural and food economics
Current Research Project and SDGs 1
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ミクロデータに基づく生産性分析
Research History 4
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Nagoya University
2005.4
Country：Japan
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Nagoya University
2005.4
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Nagoya Keizai University
2000.4 - 2005.3
Country：Japan
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Nagoya Keizai University
2000.4 - 2005.3
Education 3
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University of Tsukuba Graduate School, Division of Social Engineering
1995.4 - 2000.3
Country： Japan
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Keio University Graduate School, Division of Commerce
1993.4 - 1995.3
Country： Japan
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Keio University Faculty of Commerce
1989.4 - 1993.3
Country： Japan
Professional Memberships 8
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Agricultural & Applied Economics Association
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日本経済政策学会
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日本経済学会
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日本農業経済学会
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Agricultural & Applied Economics Association
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日本農業経済学会
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日本経済政策学会
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日本経済学会
Papers 23
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* Effects of the Internal Wage on Output Supply: A Structural Estimation for Japanese Rice Farmers Reviewed
American Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol. 81 ( 1 ) page： 131-143 1999.2
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* A System Comparison Approach to Distinguish Two Non-Separable and Non-Nested Agricultural Household Models Reviewed
Tadashi Sonoda
American Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol. 90 ( 2 ) page： 509-523 2008.5
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Saying Sayonara to the Farm: Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Farm Exits in Japan
Ramsey A. Ford, Ghosh Sujit K., Sonoda Tadashi
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Vol. 70 ( 2 ) page： 372 - 391 2019.6
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Intersectoral labor migration and agriculture in the United States and Japan Open Access
Ramsey, AF; Sonoda, T; Ko, MKY
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Vol. 54 ( 3 ) page： 364 - 381 2023.5
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A Solution to the Equity Premium and Riskfree Rate Puzzles: An Empirical Investigation Using Japanese Data (with A. Maki) Reviewed
Applied Financial Economics Vol. 12 ( 8 ) page： 601-612 2002
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WHY DO HOUSEHOLD HEADS IN RURAL CHINA NOT WORK MORE IN THE MARKET? Invited Reviewed
Tadashi Sonoda
SINGAPORE ECONOMIC REVIEW Vol. 59 ( 1 ) 2014.3
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* "Internal Instability" of Peasant Households: A Further Analysis of the de Janvry, Fafchamps, and Sadoulet Model Reviewed Open Access
Japanese Journal of Rural Economics Vol. 6 page： 1-11 2004
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Does Firm Size Matter for the Effect of Productivity on Firms' Market Exit? Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms Reviewed
1.Vu, T. B. L. and T. Sonoda
Empirical Economics Letters Vol. 14 ( 3 ) page： ? 2015.3
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* The Behavior of Agricultural Households under Constrained Off-Farm Wage Employment: An Alternative Decomposition of Their Comparative Statics Analysis Reviewed Open Access
Vol. 72 ( 3 ) page： 109-121 2000.12
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農家モデルに基づく研究の紹介 Open Access
園田 正
経済科学 Vol. 63 ( 4 ) page： 47 - 53 2016.3
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A Dual Economy of the New Keynesian Type with Self-Employment Included
Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 191 - 218 2011
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Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 30 - 111 2011
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Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 112 - + 2011
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Demand for Capital Service (Consumption Good in the Production of Household Goods)
Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 173 - 190 2011
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A Theory of the Producer-Consumer Household The New Keynesian Perspective on Self-Employment Preface
Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： XIII - + 2011
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Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： XV - XX 2011
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A Prototype Model of the Producer-Consumer Household
Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 1 - 29 2011
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The Economic Differentiation of Producer-Consumer Households
Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 134 - 148 2011
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Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 149 - 172 2011
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Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 219 - 241 2011
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Maruyama, Y; Sonoda, T
THEORY OF THE PRODUCER-CONSUMER HOUSEHOLD: THE NEW KEYNESIAN PERSPECTIVE ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT page： 242 - 267 2011
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Sonoda, T
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS Vol. 90 ( 2 ) page： 509 - 523 2008.5
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An empirical method for a model of self-employed households
Sonoda T.
Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal Vol. 30 ( 4 ) page： 540 - 553 2002.6
Books 7
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Impact of Casual and Permanent Off-Farm Activities on Food Security: The Case of India
Dsouza A., Mishra A.K., Sonoda T.
The Role of Smallholder Farms in Food and Nutrition Security 2020.1 （ ISBN:9783030421489, 9783030421472 ）
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Sonoda T.
Growth with Inequality: An International Comparison on Income Distribution 2012.1 （ ISBN:9789814401708, 9789814401685 ）
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A Theory of the Producer-Consumer Household: The New Keynesian Perspective on Self-Employment
Yoshihiro Maruyama, Tadashi Sonoda（ Role： Joint author）
Palgrave Macmillan 2011.10 （ ISBN:978-0230301221 ）
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A Theory of the Producer-Consumer Household: The New Keynesian Perspective on Self-Employment
Yoshihiro Maruyama, Tadashi Sonoda（ Role： Joint author）
Palgrave Macmillan 2011.10 （ ISBN:9780230301221 ）
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A theory of the producer-consumer household: The new Keynesian perspective on self-employment
Maruyama Y., Sonoda T.
A Theory of the Producer-Consumer Household: The New Keynesian Perspective on Self-Employment 2011.10 （ ISBN:9780230346680, 9780230301221 ）
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* 中国の不平等
薛進軍，荒山裕行，園田正（ Role： Joint author）
日本評論社 2008.6
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* 中国の不平等
薛進軍, 荒山裕行, 園田正（ Role： Joint author）
日本評論社 2008.6
MISC 6
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Does Firm Size Matter for the Effect of Productivity on Firms' Market Exit? Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms Reviewed
Vu, T. B. L, T. Sonoda
Empirical Economics Letters Vol. 14 ( 3 ) page： ? 2015.3
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* A System Comparison Approach to Distinguish Two Non-Separable and Non-Nested Agricultural Household Models Reviewed
Tadashi Sonoda
American Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol. 90 ( 2 ) page： 509-523 2008.5
-
* "Internal Instability" of Peasant Households: A Further Analysis of the de Janvry, Fafchamps, and Sadoulet Model Reviewed
Japanese Journal of Rural Economics Vol. 6 page： 1-11 2004
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A Solution to the Equity Premium and Riskfree Rate Puzzles: An Empirical Investigation Using Japanese Data (with A. Maki) Reviewed
Applied Financial Economics Vol. 12 ( 8 ) page： 601-612 2002
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SONODA Tadashi, MARUYAMA Yoshihiro
Journal of rural economics Vol. 72 ( 3 ) page： 109-121 - 121,152 2000.12
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* Effects of the Internal Wage on Output Supply: A Structural Estimation for Japanese Rice Farmers Reviewed
American Journal of Agricultural Economics Vol. 81 ( 1 ) page： 131-143 1999.2
Presentations 24
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Production Function Estimation Using Cross Sectional Data: A Partial Identification Approach International conference
AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting
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Productivity and Exits from Farming in Japan International conference
Ramsey, A. F. and T. Sonoda
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Effects of Market Work and Own Household Work on Nutrition Intake of Rural Adults: The Case of Vietnam International conference
Sonoda, T., A. K. Mishra, and T. B. L. Vu
AAEA Annual Meeting 2016
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The Effect of Migration on Farm Household Productivity and Food Security International conference
Chen, S., A. F. Ramsey, and T. Sonoda
88th Annual Meeting of the Southern Economic Association
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Effect of Participation in Wage Work and Non-Farm Business on Bangladesh Rice Production International coauthorship International conference
Tadashi Sonoda and Md Abdus Salam
22nd International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association 2023.11.18 Japan Economic Policy Association
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Yield Difference between Aman and Boro Rice in Bangladesh International coauthorship International conference
Tadashi Sonoda
18th Australasian Development Economics Workshop 2023.6.8 Macquarie University
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Impact of WTO Accession on Aggregate Productivity Growth of the Vietnamese Manufacturing Sector: A Comparison of Sate, Private and Foreign Firms, 2002-2015 International conference
Tadashi Sonoda
21st International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association 2022.11.19 Japan Economic Policy Association
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Impact of Non-Farm Employment on Technology Adoption in Rice Production: Evidence from Vietnam International coauthorship International conference
Tadashi Sonoda
21st International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association 2022.11.19
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Productivity Changes in the Vietnamese Manufacturing Sector through the Period of WTO Participation International conference
Sonoda, T., T. B. L. Vu, and T. D. Nguyen
17th International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association
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Structural Change in Production Technology and Market Exit of Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms under Market Liberalization
Tadashi Sonoda, Lien Thi Bich Vu
16th International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association
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Estimating the Production Elasticity of Labor: A Partial Identification Approach International conference
China Meeting of Econometric Society
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Tradeoff between Farm Profitability and the Desire for Market Work: An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Farm Households International conference
Sonoda, T.
AAEA Annual Meeting
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Testing Heterogeneity and Market Imperfection of Labor Based on Nonnested Tests: An Application to Rice-Farming Households in Japan
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稲作農業における労働の異質性・市場不完全性－非入れ子型検定による検証－
日本農業経済学会
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An Empirical Method for A Model of Self-Employed Households International conference
4th International Conference of the Asian Consumer and Family Economics
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Effects of the Internal Wage on Output Supply: A Structural Estimation for Japanese Rice Farmers
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Effects of Market Work and Own Household Work on Nutrition Intake of Rural Adults: The Case of Vietnam
Sonoda, T, A. K. Mishra, T. B. L. Vu
AAEA Annual Meeting 2016 2016.8.1
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Tradeoff between Farm Profitability and the Desire for Market Work: An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Farm Households
Sonoda, T
AAEA Annual Meeting 2012.8.5
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The Effect of Migration on Farm Household Productivity and Food Security
Chen, S, A. F. Ramsey, T. Sonoda
88th Annual Meeting of the Southern Economic Association 2018.11.18
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Structural Change in Production Technology and Market Exit of Vietnamese Manufacturing Firms under Market Liberalization International conference
Tadashi Sonoda, Lien Thi Bich Vu
16th International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association 2017.11.4
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Productivity Changes in the Vietnamese Manufacturing Sector through the Period of WTO Participation
Sonoda, T, T. B. L. Vu, T. D. Nguyen
17th International Conference of the Japan Economic Policy Association 2018.10.28
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Productivity and Exits from Farming in Japan
Ramsey, A. F, T. Sonoda
AAEA & WAEA Joint Meeting 2015.7.26
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Production Function Estimation Using Cross Sectional Data: A Partial Identification Approach
AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting 2015.7.26
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Estimating the Production Elasticity of Labor: A Partial Identification Approach
China Meeting of Econometric Society 2014.6.27
KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) 16
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ベトナム製造業部門内の細分化した産業に関する集計生産性のミクロパネル分析
Grant number：24K04875 2024.4 - 2027.3
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
VU THIBICHLIEN, 園田 正
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
本研究は，2002～2020年のベトナム企業センサスのミクロ・パネルデータに基づき，製造業部門内の14産業について集計生産性を推定し，産業内における個別生産者の生産性の貢献と産業内の資源再配分の貢献に分解し，その説明要因を探る。製造業部門内で細分化した産業，企業属性に関する異質性に注目することにより，資源再配分効果を再検討することにより，ベトナムの製造業部門の生産性向上に必要な方策を考察する。
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農家のミクロ・パネルデータに基づく農業の生産関数と集計生産性に関する実証研究
Grant number：23K05409 2023.4 - 2026.3
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)
園田 正, VU THIBICHLIEN
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\4810000 （ Direct Cost: \3700000 、 Indirect Cost：\1110000 ）
開発途上国の経済発展には農業の生産性の向上が重要な役割を果たす。近年の生産性分析では，ミクロ・パネルデータに基づき，個別生産者の生産性とともに，国，地域，産業内の資源再配分に注目した集計生産性を分析している。本研究は，市場発展が進むベトナムとバングラデシュの農家のミクロ・パネルデータを用い，実証例が少ない農業を対象として集計生産性を分析し，開発途上国の食料政策に関する知見を得る。また，最新の生産関数の推定法により適切な生産性を得るとともに，部分識別による新たな推定法により妥当性を検証する。さらに，不十分な資源再配分が深刻な場合，農家モデルに関連する不完全市場の検証法により原因を追究する。
開発途上国が経済発展を進める上では，農業の生産性の向上が重要な役割を果たす。近年の生産性分析では，生産者のミクロ・パネルデータに基づき，個別生産者の生産性だけではなく，国，地域，産業内の資源再配分（より生産性の高い者がより多くの生産を行う生産要素の配分）に注目した集計生産性の分析が進んでいる。本研究は，市場発展が進むベトナムとバングラデシュの農家のミクロ・パネルデータを用い，実証例が少ない農業を対象として集計生産性を分析し，開発途上国の食料政策に関して新たな知見を得る。また，近年改善が進む生産関数の最新の推定法をふまえ，より適切な生産性を計算する。さらに，不十分な資源再配分のために集計生産性が十分成長しない場合，農家モデルに関連する不完全市場の検証法により原因を追究する。
本年度は，両国における農業生産関数を推定する準備として，ベトナム資源アクセス家計調査とバングラデシュ統合家計調査のデータを入手・整理して予備的分析を行い，両国では零細規模の農家が多いなどの共通点がある一方，バングラデシュでは外部労働者を雇用する農家が多く，男性の農業労働時間が女性よりはるかに長いことなどの大きな違いもみられることがわかった。また，基礎的な推定法により生産関数の推定を行ったところ，両国について比較的妥当な結果が得られた。また，次年度以降の準備として，代表者と分担者で協力して，生産関数の推定法のレビュー，集計生産性の分析法のレビューを行い，これらに関する問題点を整理した。
ベトナムとバングラデシュについて最低限必要なデータを入手でき，整理を行うことができた。また，次年度以降に向けて，予備的分析を行うとともに，文献調査を進めることができた。
来年度は主に生産関数の推定，個別農家の生産性の分析，市場不完全性の検証を行う。代理変数法を粗生産関数の推定に適応させた推定法，システム一般化積率法などに基づき，コブ＝ダグラス型の農業粗生産関数を推定する。推定結果の妥当性の確認後，個別農家の生産性を計算し，分布の特性や成長率等の分析を行う。また，農家モデルに基づく市場の不完全性の検証を行い，次年度に行う資源再配分の不十分性の要因分析に関する予備的分析を行う。 -
Grant number：20K06257 2020.4 - 2024.3
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Sonoda Tadashi
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\4290000 （ Direct Cost: \3300000 、 Indirect Cost：\990000 ）
This study examines inverse relationship between farm size and productivity by focusing on market development of production factors and by using microdata on Bangladesh and Vietnam farm households. We find potential U-shape relation in which rice yield decreases until farm size reaches about 2 ha for Bangladesh and 4 ha for Vietnam and that rice yield increases after then. This U-shape is likely to arise in deep relation to market development of labor and land. Specifically, relatively large fixed costs of hiring labor reduces its importance as the farm size increases, and this change consequently causes self-employing farmers who face the inverse relationship to become hiring farmers who do not. However, most farmers in the real world operate at farm size smaller than the turning point of this U-shape, and therefore the inverse relationship continues to be relevant for most farmers in the two countries.
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Grant number：17K07964 2017.4 - 2023.3
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Sonoda Tadashi
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\4420000 （ Direct Cost: \3400000 、 Indirect Cost：\1020000 ）
This study explores effects of off-farm work on food supply and nutrition intake mainly using microdata on Vietnamese farm households. In examining effects of non-farm wage work and non-farm self-employed work on food supply, we conduct a comparative statics analysis of a farm household model, which includes production activities of farm and non-farm commodities, and we find importance of heterogeneous effects of different types of off-farm work. In examining effects of off-farm work on nutrition intake, we explain that an increase in wage work reduces nutrition intake of rural adults but that this negative effect can be weakened by their jobs changing over time. We also explain that short-run migration might not improve diet of rural households. In examining aggregate labor migration, we do not find discontinuity relation between migration from agriculture to non-agriculture sectors and expected wage differential for the two sectors.
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Impact of WTO accession on aggregate productivity of the Vietnamese manufacturing sector
Grant number：17K03733 2017.4 - 2022.3
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
VU THI BICH LIEN
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
This study uses the Vietnam Enterprise Survey between 2000 and 2015 to investigate impact of WTO accession (in 2007) on aggregate productivity of Vietnamese manufacturing sector. For this purpose, we examine changes in the production function, which represents relation between output and inputs (labor and capital), and changes in productivity of individual firms and the manufacturing sector before and after 2007. According to our results, the WTO accession caused changes in production structure of the manufacturing sector to raise productivity of individual firms, whereas it stagnated the aggregate productivity growth by weakening output reallocation effects, in which firms with higher productivity occupy higher output share in the sector.
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The Self-Employing Producer Households: Their Stabilizing Effects over Aggregate Fluctuations in the OECD countries before and after the Great Recession
Grant number：15K03413 2015.4 - 2018.3
Maruyama Yoshihiro
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
The stabilizing effects of self-employing producer households over aggregate fluctuations in the OECD countries before and after the Great Recession are investigation in regard to both labor employment and output production. Main results follow. The part of fluctuations in employees absorbed in the household employment proves to be 35.77% before and 39.01% after the Great Recession. And the pattern of their reactions differs by regions. In the former planned economies and the Mediterranean countries, they are reduced mainly by emigration and immigration over the border. In the British Isles and the North-East Asia, they are absorbed by the household employment. In the American Continent and the Oceania, they are reflected in unemployment. Finally, in the Northern and the Western Europe, they are reflected in both unemployment, emigration and immigration over the border.
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Grant number：23243048 2011.11 - 2014.3
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
YAMORI Nobuyoshi, KURIHARA Yutaka, OGAWA Hikaru, YANAGIHARA Mitsuyoshi, UCHIDA Ichihiro, SONODA Tadashi, HARIMAYA Kozo, KONDO Kazumine, ASAI Yoshihiro, TOMIMURA Kei
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
Regional economies in Japan are seriously stagnated. In this research project, we aim to build the academic base of regional economic policies necessary for recovery of the competitiveness of the regional economy. In particular, in order to investigate the effectiveness of small and medium-sized business support measures of local governments, we conducted a survey of small and medium enterprises in Aichi Prefecture. Using this survey, we were able to publish a book titled, Regional Collaboration and Competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Chuokeizaisha 2014. In addition, with respect to the nature of assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises provided by regional financial institutions, we sent a questionnaire to the branch managers of regional financial institutions across the country. According to the results of this survey, regional financial institutions do not change the mechanism of the evaluation of their employees in response to the new environment.
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Economic Turning Point in China and its Impact on the World Economy
Grant number：23252008 2011.4 - 2016.3
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Xue Jinjun, Sonoda Tadashi, USUI Emiko, Mangyo Eiji, ADACHI Takanori, Yan Shanping, Dai Erbiao, Hondai Susumu, Yanagihara Mitsuyoshi, Minami Ryoshin, Li Shi, Knight John, Xin Meng, Cai Fang, Wei Zhong, Vakulabharanam Vamsi
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
As China experienced a high-growth and became the second largest economy in the world, the continually increasing income gap caused some social and political problems such as frequent demonstrations of citizens and riots of ethnic minority residents, which led the society into an unstable state. In addition, high growth that has been supported by cheap labor has begun to slowdown and surface problems of the labor shortage and the rapid wage rise. These problems began to have a major impact on international economy, in particular, the Japanese economy. All the above issues are related to the Lewis turning point and the income Kuznets turning point related to income distribution, and are regarded as a typical phenomenon of transition economy. This project will examine the Lewisian turning point and the Kuznets turning point based on panel surveys and micro data of China and other countries, and analyze their significance and impact on the Chinese economy as well as the world economy.
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Grant number：23580299 2011.4 - 2015.3
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
SONODA Tadashi
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\3250000 （ Direct Cost: \2500000 、 Indirect Cost：\750000 ）
This study investigates reasons why Chinese farm households do not allocate more time of their members to non-farm wage employment to improve their income. For this purpose, it proposes new empirical methods to study their labor supply behavior. It finds that the head of Chinese farm households had been offered a relatively low wage or his or her work hours had been constrained in the labor market to some extent. It also finds that more participation in local wage work or migration could have a tradeoff for farm productivity.
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Extensions and applications of econometric methods for non-separable Agricultural household models
Grant number：20580234 2008 - 2010
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
SONODA Tadashi
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\2210000 （ Direct Cost: \1700000 、 Indirect Cost：\510000 ）
This study proposes empirical methods for the microdata analysis of agricultural household models and shows their usefulness. It finds that specification of family labor supply functions requires special attention to family composition of farm households as well as experience and productivity of their members in farming and non-farming activities. It also finds two methods for studying the market labor supply function of the head of farm households. One is a method to estimate a model which describes the household head's participation in the labor market and a potential upper constraint on work hours set by his employer. The other is a method to conduct an empirical analysis (including a comparative statics analysis) of a model which describes interactions between the household head's incentive for market work and farm profitability.
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An International Comparison of Income Inequality
Grant number：20402025 2008 - 2010
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
XUE Jinjun, ARAYAMA Yuko, SONODA Tadashi, HIRAKAWA Hitoshi, USUI Emiko, NOZAKI Kenji, DAI Erbiao, HONDAI Susumu, DAY Stephen
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
Using data on both developed and developing countries(USA, Germany, China, South Korea, Thailand, India, and Indonesia), this project makes an international comparison of income inequality and reveals actual situations and characteristics of income inequality in these countries. The project also studies reasons for housing inequality and low incomes in rural areas to support results of the analysis of popular inequality indexes. Furthermore, it uses results of the analysis in proposing policies to improve income inequality and policies to coordinate international society.
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分離不能な農家モデルの計量分析手法の拡張および応用
2008
科学研究費補助金 基盤研究(C)，課題番号：20580234
園田 正
Authorship：Principal investigator
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分離不能な農家モデルの計量分析手法の拡張および応用
2008
科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)，課題番号：20580234
園田 正
Authorship：Principal investigator Grant type：Competitive
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Income Disparity in China-A Case Stady based on Shenzhen Household Survey
Grant number：17402025 2005 - 2007
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
XUE Jinjun, ARAYAMA Yuko, SONODA Tadashi, DAY Stephen, MARUYAMA Takeshi, DAI Erbiao
Authorship：Coinvestigator(s)
This project studies the issue of income inequality in China with the case of Shenzhen, the most successful and developed city in China.
The study is based on the first hand survey data, Shenzhen Household Survey 2005, conducted in March 2006 in Shenzhen city, China. It contains income related data of 1065 households and 3252 persons, reflecting the data of 2005.
This study estimates income gap using a new data set of household survey conducted in Shenzhen in 2006. Our main findings are
(1) The Gini coefficient gets to 0.56 and reaches the highest level in urban cities.
(2) The Theil index shows that urban registration status (hukou)and regional preference policy are the largest policy factors enlarging income disparity between Shenzhen and non-Shenzhen household, urban household and migrant household.
(3) Regression-based decomposition analysis of income inequality shows that educational differences of working age adults can explain 38% of total income inequality.
The research concludes that income distribution in urban China is worsening and becoming a serious social and political problem. lb solve the problem, it is necessary to abolish the discrimination policies such as urban registration system, invest more in human capital and provide equal education to the poor especially the poor in rural area -
土地制約の下での稲作農業の技術変化-二段階CES生産技術にもとづく実証分析-
Grant number：16780160 2004 - 2005
科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B)
園田 正
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\1100000 （ Direct Cost: \1100000 ）
本研究は,二段階CES生産技術をもち,土地制約の下で利潤最大化行動をとる農家を想定し,稲作農業の技術変化を実証分析する方法の考案を目的とした。特に,この生産技術を構成する機械的技術(M技術)の進歩が,生物学的・化学的技術(BC技術)の進歩と関係をもちつつ,稲作農業の急速な成長において中核的役割を果たした状況を,理論的,数量的に説明する方法の考案を目的とした。また,実証分析における資本データの重要性から,農機具の品質変化を考慮した,より望ましい資本サービス価格・数量指数を作成することも目的とした。
当初は16年度に農機具データの収集・整理,17年度に理論,実証分析をおこなう計画であったが,分析を進めるにつれ,農機具の価格と特徴に関する適切なデータの収集,整理には予想以上に時間がかかることがわかった。このため,実際の研究は,トラクターの価格・特徴に関するデータの収集・整理と,技術変化の実証法の考案を別々におこなうにとどまった。
前者に関しては,『農機価格ガイド』(1969〜2005年)収録のトラクター価格,『農業機械カタログ集』(同期間)収録のトラクターの特徴を入手するとともに,農業機械化研究所での調査により,1970年代後半以降に販売されたトラクターの標準装備,オプションに関するより詳細な情報を入手した。その一部の整理から,将来的に品質を調整したトラクターの価格指数が作成できる可能性を確認した。
後者に関しては,(1)2段階CES生産技術を利用する分析を円滑に進めるには土地制約を関連するシャドウプライスで置き換えるのが有効であること,(2)M技術の変化は労働と資本に関する要素増大係数の変化率の集計量として表現できること,(3)労働,資本用役,経常財の競争的市場を仮定するとき,モデルの推定はM技術,集計技術,BC技術の順に3段階でパラメータを推定すればよいことがわかった。 -
日本稲作農業における労働の異質性および市場不完全性:非入れ子型検定による検証
Grant number：14760149 2002 - 2003
科学研究費助成事業 若手研究(B)
園田 正
Authorship：Principal investigator
Grant amount：\1500000 （ Direct Cost: \1500000 ）
昨年度は,農業・非農業労働の異質性および市場条件に関する六つの仮説の下で農家家計モデルを比較する方法を提案し,日本の稲作農家について実証分析をおこなったが,本年度は主としてその改善に時間を費やした。本研究は農家家計モデルの生産面・消費面それぞれを一般化積率法(GMM)で推定する。このため,生産面の比較においては,生産関数と経常財投入の最適条件に関する直交条件を維持仮説とし,農業労働投入の最適条件に関する直交条件を部分的に検証する方法をとることにした。他方,消費面(需要体系)の比較においては,帰無仮説の下での需要関数の数が対立仮説の下でのそれと異なる場合にも適用可能なCoxタイプのpaired nonnested testおよびmultiple nonnested testを考案した。これらの方法により,理論的にアドホックであった昨年度の方法が改善され,昨年と同じデータを使った実証分析から,農業・非農業労働は異質であり,農業労働市場は欠落しており,非農業労働市場は競争的であるという結果が確認された。(本年度予定していた国際学会での発表はSARSの影響により中止した。)
本年度予定していた構造変化分析については,データ収集により『農家の形態別にみた農家経済』の1967〜1981,1992〜1994年度分を補充した。構造変化分析は予備的分析にとどまり,以下の点がわかった。生産面については,機械的技術(M技術)と生物学的・化学的技術(BC技術)を区別する二段階生産技術を定式化し,二つの技術に特有の技術進歩の分析をおこなう方法が有効である。消費面については,農家世帯員の就業状態の変化に注目し,地方への農外企業の進出状況,世帯員間の分業関係の推移などについて調べる必要がある。このような生産面と消費面の構造変化のインパクトの評価,ならびにそれらの相互依存関係の分析により,興味深い結果が引き出せると思われる。
Teaching Experience (On-campus) 1
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Market Economy and Society
2011