受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰  受賞国：日本国

受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：出版社・新聞社・財団等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰  受賞国：日本国

受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：学会誌・学術雑誌による顕彰  受賞国：日本国

受賞国：日本国

受賞区分：国内学会・会議・シンポジウム等の賞  受賞国：日本国

受賞国：日本国

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

製銑プロセスから排出される CO₂ を削減する対応策の一つとして，現状未利用である有機系の廃棄物を炭材として有効利用する方法がある。本研究では，酸化鉄から金属鉄を製造するための還元材として，都市ごみ炭化物および木質バイオマス炭化物といった有機系の廃棄物を利用し，それらの炭材への適用性を実験的に検討した。主な結果として酸化鉄 (Fe₂O₃) と還元材 (都市ごみ炭化物，木質バイオマス炭化物，石炭およびグラファイト) の混合試料による還元実験を実施したところ，都市ごみ炭化物および木質バイオマス炭化物の各混合試料において金属鉄を生成した。これは都市ごみ炭化物および木質バイオマス炭化物中の固定炭素による還元反応性が石炭やグラファイトのそれよりも高いためである。このような実験成果から都市ごみ炭化物および木質バイオマス炭化物は還元鉄を製造するための還元材として十分に有効利用できる廃棄物であることがわかった。

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.11

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>本研究ではNi-YSZのアノード極を持つSOFCにタール模擬物質を混合した燃料ガスを供給し，SOFCの劣化挙動を調査した。バイオマスガス化研究において典型的なタール構成物質とされているトルエンを3.1％水蒸気含有水素に添加した。発電特性を考察するため，トルエン添加濃度を0 mg/Nm³から1900 mg/Nm³まで変化させて定電流モードにて約30 時間の発電実験を実施した。また，開放端でのインピーダンス測定を行うことによりSOFC内部抵抗を評価した。トルエン無添加実験ではSOFCは良好な状態及び安定した発電が持続したのに対して，200 mA/cm²の電流を印加すると380 mg/ Nm³の低濃度トルエン添加においても電圧の降下が見られた。さらにトルエン濃度が高くなると電圧降下も大きくなる傾向があった。トルエン濃度1900 mg/Nm³の場合には，電圧降下が深刻する一方でアノード極表面に炭素析出した様子も確認できた。ただし，アノード極構造に重篤なダメージがない限り，発電性能は部分的に回復した。</p>

DOI： 10.3775/jie.100.169

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.30.0_38

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.30.0_122

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Woody biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. The use of woody biomass is expected to expand in the future. In order to use biomass efficiently as a fuel, it is necessary to clarify its combustion characteristics. Therefore, in this study, in order to clarify the combustion characteristics of biomass, a biomass combustion experiment was conducted using a bubble fluidized bed. Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) was used as an experimental sample. The effect of temperature on the combustion behaviors of biomass was experimentally considered.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.16.0_19

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Operational problems in biomass-fired boilers include ash deposition to heat transfer tubes and corrosion of heat transfer tubes. Therefore, in this study, we focused on potassium compounds in biomass and conducted an ash deposition experiment using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In the experiment, potassium-containing mineral (K-feldspar) was used as simulated ash. The amount of ash deposition in various atmospheres was measured. The cross section of samples was observed and analyzed by SEM-EDX, and the atmosphere dependence of the ash deposition characteristics was experimentally considered.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.16.0_21

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会・社団法人日本伝熱学会  

When the biomass gasifier is connected with a gas engine system directly, tar should be removed from the syngas to prevent the engine from breaking down. A downdraft packed bed gasifier has the advantage for low tar emission because the syngas passes through the char gasification zone downstream of the reactor, where tar compounds can be trapped and decomposed. Then, objective of this study is to confirm the tar decomposition behaviors inside the downdraft packed bed reactor. Woody biomass gasification experiments were carried out, using an auto-thermal downdraft packed bed gasifier. The reactor’s height and inner diameter were 1000mm and 100mm, respectively. Black pine pallets were continuously fed into the reactor from the top. The gasifying agent was air, which was introduced into the reactor at the air-fuel equivalent ratio of 0.49. The packed bed height was kept to be constant at 600mm. The reactor has eleven thermo-couples and eleven sampling ports at the wall along the flow direction. They were used for measurements of temperature profiles and gas compositions in the reactor. Micro-GC was used for the measurement of N2, O2, CO, CO2 and H2, and FIDGC was used for other hydrocarbons. In some ports among them, tar in syngas was also sampled via dichloromethane scrubbing in ice-bath, and analyzed for molecular weight distributions of tar compounds by TOF-MS. As a result, tar and larger hydrocarbons were confirmed to be generated in the upstream, and then decomposed downstream inside the downdraft reactor.

DOI： 10.1299/jtst.2021jtst0034

Web of Science

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

<p>水銀排出量の抑制は現在世界的な問題であり，排出量の低減技術が早急に要求されている．発電施設や廃棄物焼却炉から排出される水銀の大部分は0価の金属水銀であり，これに対し高い捕捉性能を有する捕捉剤の開発は極めて重要である．本研究では，石炭燃焼設備や廃棄物焼却設備に組み込まれている脱硝触媒に対して，充填層型の実験装置を用いて0価水銀の捕捉実験を行い，得られた水銀含有脱硝触媒に対しXPS分析による捕捉水銀の化学種同定を試みた．結果としては，雰囲気中の酸素が脱硝触媒の水銀捕捉性能を向上させること，HClガスの存在下では水銀は主に酸化され放出されることが確認された．インプットする水銀量を大幅に増やした場合，ほとんどの水銀は捕捉されなかったが，酸素が捕捉性能を向上させる傾向は変化しなかった．XPS分析については，試料中の水銀量が微量であったため水銀のスペクトルを検出できず，化学種同定には至らなかった．</p>

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.32.0_409

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2021.31.309

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

<p>今日，エネルギー需要は日々高まり，この傾向は今後も続くと予想される．しかし，地球上の化石資源は限られており足りないことは明白である．この状況下において，バイオマスを化石資源の代替として利用することが注目を集めている．また，バイオマス資源の中には建築廃材や農業残渣など廃棄物系の有機資源が多く存在し，それらの高効率有効利用が必須である．本研究では実際の燃焼炉の燃焼条件に近い等温条件においてバイオマスの燃焼速度を測定し，反応機構を解明することを目的としている．木質バイオマスである，黒松ペレットを実験試料として等温燃焼実験を行うことにより，温度および酸素濃度依存性を調べた．さらに，速度論解析を行い反応機構についても考察した．バイオマス燃料は，低温から大きな反応速度を持つ物質である揮発分の割合が高いため，昇温過程での燃焼についても考慮することで再現性の高いモデル化が可能であると明らかになった．</p>

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.32.0_251

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Carbon Resources Conversion  

Tar catalytic removal by char is a promising technology for gasification process because of its porous structure, good catalytic activity, low cost, and easy to treatment after deactivation. To provide comprehensive information on the tar catalytic removal by char, this study focuses on the ongoing efforts and advances from fundamental researches to the industrial applications. The tar removal efficiency by char much depends on reaction conditions and char property, such as char origin, porous structure, the functional group on char surface, carbon structure, and AAEM components. The typical reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism, and the deactivation, will be introduced. Then, for the different gasification processes, the potential or typical applications of tar removal by char are discussed and compared. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and improvement in scaling up, commercializing tar removal technologies and integrating the gasification process, are also evaluated and analyzed in this review.

DOI： 10.1016/j.crcon.2019.12.001

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

<p>日本国内では2019年において年間約3.8億トンもの産業廃棄物が排出されており、この中に含まれる可燃性廃棄物をエネルギー資源として有効利用することは、資源節約および環境保護の観点から重要である。本研究は産業廃棄物の中の下水汚泥に着目した。下水汚泥は国内で排出される産業廃棄物の20%を占めるが、バイオガスや汚泥燃料としての利用は17%に留まっていることから改善の余地が大きくある。そこで本研究では、下水汚泥チャーの基礎的な燃焼挙動を把握するために，熱量分析装置を用いて等温燃焼実験を行い，下水汚泥チャーの燃焼挙動に及ぼす燃焼温度および雰囲気ガス中酸素分圧の影響について検討した。実験試料は乾燥消化汚泥チャーおよび混合生汚泥チャー、比較試料としてRDFチャーの３種類を用いた。燃焼実験の結果、反応完結時間はRDFチャー、乾燥消化汚泥チャー、混合生汚泥チャーの順に速くなることを確認することができた。</p>

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.31.0_227

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

An incineration process is the most dominant method of the waste disposal in Japan. A stoker furnace incinerator is widely used for the waste incineration. In the stoker furnace incinerator, waste products can be sufficiently stirred and burned completely. Recently, low air ratio and high temperature incineration have been applied to the stoke furnace incinerator to improve efficiencies of power generations. However, they result in the increase in the amount of air pollutant NOx due to their higher flame temperatures. In addition, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system, which is also applied into advanced incinerators, makes the NOx formation more complicated. In this research, NOx and other gaseous emissions from RDF char combustion were experimentally analyzed, investigating effects of exhaust gas compositions on NOx formations.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2020.30.304

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>In recent years, biomass gasification processes are attracting attention to produce renewable gaseous fuels. However, it is difficult to use raw biomass because it has low heating values. So, we considered the introduction of oxygen enriched air. By supplying oxygen-enriched air, the heat loss due to water evaporation can be compensated. It is considered that partial combustion of the fuel can be promoted and sufficient heat can be obtained. In the experiments, we used a packed bed gasifier. This gasifier is small in size and suitable for small-scale distributed utilization of biomass. From the experimental results, it was found that even if moisture content of the wet biomass is high, the gasification of the biomass is possible by increasing the oxygen concentration of the gasifying agent. The syngas contained more H₂ and CO compared with normal biomass gasification.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.15.0_31

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>In recent years, due to problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming, biomass has attracted attention as an alternative energy source. So we focused on biomass gasification. In this study, gasification experiments of three types of biomass are conducted as preliminary experiments of gasification by packed bed gasifier. Assuming that the gas produced when each sample burns completely is assumed as a gasifying agent, the mass loss and gas yield of the sample during gasification were measured.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_248

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy of fossil fuel. It is expected that the use of woody biomass will increase in the future. In order to use biomass efficiently as fuel, it is necessary to clarify its combustion characteristics. So, in this study, in order to clarify the combustion characteristic of biomass, pyrolysis and combustion experiment during the temperature rising process of two kinds of biomass were conducted by using the thermogravimetric analyzer. Two kinds of woody biomass were used as experimental samples. The effects of mixing each biomass on the combustion behavior of woody biomass were discussed.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_262

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019  

The effective utilization of sub-bituminous coals has been extended as an energy source for power generation because of their low cost and long minable years. However, sub-bituminous coal may undergo spontaneous combustion owing to high reactivity with oxygen in low-temperature air compared with bituminous coal. Therefore, the objective of this study is to elucidate the low-temperature oxidation behaviors of sub-bituminous coal. In particular, transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation of sub-bituminous coal has been experimentally examined in detail. Isothermal gravimetric analyses are conducted for several bituminous and sub-bituminous coal samples at temperatures varying between 356 K and 476 K in oxygen-enriched air. The chemical compositions of emission gas are continuously monitored under low-temperature oxidation conditions. The experimental results show that the mass of all tested coals, including those of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals, increases at temperatures below 426 K as a result of oxygen chemisorption. At 476 K, the mass of sub-bituminous coal increases slightly with low H2 and CO2 emissions at the beginning and subsequently decreases with high CO and CO2 emissions. This mass change indicates that the transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation occurs during this period.

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

<p>Low temperature combustion due to dilution of intake air using inert gas is one of the effective methods for heat loss reduction of the engine. However, the combustion velocity almost decreases due to high dilution and that is the reason why a misfire occurs. To prevent the misfire due to reduction of the combustion velocity, application of a biomass gasified gas containing both hydrogen and inert gas to dilution was proposed. Dilution gas in which hydrogen was added to the inert gas was introduced into the engine. And it was suggested that the efficiency be improved.</p>

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j07108p

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

An incineration process is the most dominant method of the waste disposal in Japan. A stoker furnace is widely used for the waste incineration. Recently, in the stoker furnace, low air ratio and high temperature incineration have been applied increasingly. However, they result in the increase in the amount of air pollutant NOx generated due to flame instability. Especially, it is difficult to control NOx production in char combustion. In this research, in order to evaluate the NOx generation mechanisms in char combustion of waste incineration process, RDF char burning experiments were carried out, investigating the combustion behaviors and exhaust gas compositions. The incineration experiments were conducted at different temperatures and gas conditions such as O₂, CO₂, steam, EGR(Exhaust gas recirculation). The char-NOx production behavior showed different behaviors depending on experiment conditions. In particular at the steam gas and EGR conditions, the char-NOx concentration was very high due to the steam gas shift reaction.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2019.29.j206

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>地域から発生する廃棄物は，すでに地域資源の一つになっていると考えてよかろう。すなわち，廃棄物燃焼プラントが立地している場所では，近隣への熱供給に留まらず，それなりの効率で発電して，所内利用のみならず売電も行えている。一方，廃棄物燃焼プラントは，定常的に安定処理できることが必須になっており，必然的に年間の定期点検の回数が複数回になったり，プラントの基数も複数基設置することが余儀なくされている。今後，各地域からのごみの総排出量は減少傾向になるであろうものの，発電効率を意味する微分的な効率や年間稼働日数を意味する積分的な効率のさらなる向上とともに，厳格化する環境規制への対応にも万全なプラントにしなければならなくなるであろう。</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jieenermix.97.6_623

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

Industrial biomass is the byproduct of light-industry, such as spirit lees, herb residue, bagasse and so on. It is not only a kind of biomass resource, but also a serious environmental pollution source. Gasification is promising and attractive because of cleanness, high efficiency and large treating capacity. However, due to high content of moisture, nitrogen, and organic residue, the existing direct gasification process faces challenges, such as low efficiency, large temperature fluctuation and high tar content in fuel gas. So, innovating gasification process and reactor structure become essential and necessary. In this study, a new fluidized bed two-stage (FBTS) gasification process, mainly consisting of a fluidized bed (FB) pyrolyzer and a transport fluidized bed (TFB) gasifier, has been proposed by the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This process decouples direct gasification process into two sub-processes, namely feedstock pyrolysis and char gasification. Depending on thermal cracking, partial oxidation and catalytic reforming by char, the produced tar will be removed to a very low level. To research and develop the FBTS gasification process successfully, the synergistic effect of thermal cracking, partial oxidation and catalytic reforming by char was examined systematically on a laboratory FBTS reaction apparatus.

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_597

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2018.67.528

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

The Minamata Convention on Mercury was adopted in 2013, and regulations on mercury emissions are becoming stricter all over the world. Coal combustion is one of the major mercury emission sources. The majority of mercury emissions from coal combustion is in elemental mercury. This is because elemental mercury is water-insoluble, although oxidized mercury is water-soluble and easily captured by wet scrubbing systems. In this study, we expected the De-NOx catalyst to have a mercury oxidation/capture performance and conducted mercury oxidation/capture experiment using the De-NOx catalyst as a sorbent. In the result, when HCl existed in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst oxidized all of vapor mercury. On the other hand, when HCl existed in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst showed high mercury capture performance. Furthermore, De-NOx catalyst maintained high mercury capture performance at a high temperature (743 K)

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2018.28.307

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

現在，日本のごみ処理方法のほとんどが焼却である．ごみ焼却には一般的にストーカ炉が用いられている．近年ストーカ炉では，低空気比高温燃焼が主流となっている．しかしそれにともなう問題として，火炎の不安定さに起因する大気汚染物質NOxや温室効果ガスN₂Oの発生量の上昇が挙げられる．本研究では廃棄物の燃焼によるNOx生成機構の解明を目的に，廃棄物模擬燃料としてRDFを用いた燃焼実験を行いRDFの燃焼挙動及び燃焼ガスの分析を行った．RDF質量減少において，RDFは温度に比例し燃焼は速く進んだ．排ガスの測定結果から，NOx濃度は従来と異なり，温度上昇とともに減少した．RDF近傍で発生する局所的な還元雰囲気による影響と考えられる．また，素反応速度解析を用いたRDF燃焼シミュレーションを行い，比較・検討を行った．その結果，高温時HCN，NH₃はほとんどがNO，N₂O，N₂に転換していることが分かった．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_309

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

本研究では、ストーカ式廃棄物焼却炉における燃焼挙動の予測を目的に、簡略燃焼反応機構を適用した三次元燃焼シミュレーション手法を開発している．著者らは、これまで実用的な簡略燃焼反応機構を選定し、炉内温度分布およびCO濃度分布を概ね良好に計算できることを示した．本報では更にNOx濃度を予測するため、窒素分の化学種および素反応式を加えた新たな簡略燃焼反応機構を作成した．さらに、作成した簡略燃焼反応機構の計算精度を検討するため、汎用的な詳細燃焼反応機構であるGRI-Mech3.0をベンチマークとした層流拡散火炎の二次元解析を実施したので、ここに報告する．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_301

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

We have developed the technique of numerical simulation which uses the reduced reaction mechanism to predict the combustion behavior in a waste incinerator. In this paper, we newly made the reduced reaction mechanism “N916” (34 species, 76 reactions) for NOx concentration prediction by benchmarking GRI-Mech3.0 (50 species, 326 reactions) which is the typical combustion reaction mechanism. In order to examine the precision of N916, we calculated temperature and NOx concentration distribution in two-dimensional diffusion flame by using N916 and GRI-Mech3.0. The results showed that temperature and NOx concentration distributions were similar and the rate of divergence of NOx concentration value on center axis in the flame was almost 10%. There is a possibility that N916 is able to be used as the substitution for GRI-Mech3.0 in numerical simulation.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2018.28.205

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.20550/jieenermix.96.3_234

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>One of major problems in pulverized coal combustion process is ash deposition which causes corrosion of the heat transfer tube, decrease in the heat exchange rate, blockage of the gas flow path, etc. The properties of ash particle such as particle number, particle diameter and elemental composition are very important factors to predict and control such ash deposition phenomena. Moreover, it is also important to distinguish whether an ash particle is Included Mineral (IM) or Excluded Mineral (EM). In this study, we made the models of single pulverized coal particle in combustion process using the CCSEM data of different carbon conversion and coal types gotten by DTF experiment in authors' previous study and evaluated properties of ash particles through the simulation.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_256

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>The Minamata Convention on Mercury was adopted in 2013, and regulations on mercury emissions are becoming stricter all over the world. Coal combustion is one of the major mercury emission sources. The majority of mercury emissions from coal combustion is an elemental mercury. This is because oxidized mercury is water-soluble, but on the other hand elemental mercury is water-insoluble. In this study, we expected the De-NOx catalyst to have a mercury oxidation/capture performance and conducted mercury oxidation/capture experiment using the De-NOx catalyst as a sorbent. In the result, when HCl is present in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst oxidized mercury and when HCl is not present in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst showed high mercury capture performance. Furthermore, De-NOx catalyst maintained high mercury capture performance at a high temperature (743 K)</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_336

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Among various recovery processes from waste plastics, the gasification with steam addition is one of the promising technologies to reduce unwanted tar and increase the conversion to syngas. In this study, batch furnace experiments of pyrolysis and steam gasification were conducted on three kinds of plastics. Gas, tar and soot and generation behaviors were examined in them. Granular samples of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PC (polycarbonate) and PE (polyethylene) were used as simulated waste plastics. All experiments were duplicated using different sampling trains for gas collections and tar collections. Nitrogen gas was fed into the furnace to achieve an inert atmosphere, and the temperature was raised to 973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K, respectively. 1.2 g of the sample was inserted into the furnace. In the steam gasification experiment, water vapor was entrained by the nitrogen.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_308

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>In this study, we conducted coal gasification experiments by electrical drop tube furnace. In the experiments, we used Low Pressure Impactor (LPI) for the particle sampling in different particle size. Captured particles are dissolved in the acid on each particle size and the trace element concentrations of the solutions in the particles are analyzed by ICP-AES. For the consideration of the result of the experiments, we conducted thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Calculation results support to investigate the chemical compounds of trace elements in the gasification atmosphere.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_260

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Oxy-fuel coal combustion has drawn attention in the world as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). It is a technology to enrich CO₂ in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with additional pure O₂ to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO₂ downstream. Meanwhile, bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion has advantages of direct de-sulfurization in bed material and reduction of thermal NO_X in low combustion temperature. However, there are few studies of oxy-coal fluidized bed combustion including emission behaviors of SOx and NOx. In particular, SO₃ is of special concern, because the elevated SO₂ and H₂O concentrations in boiler by the flue gas recirculation may promote the formation of SO₃. Objectives of this study are to understand SOx emission behaviors during the oxy-coal fluidized bed combustion under the actual flue gas recirculation condition, compared with those under the air and CO₂-O₂ combustion conditions.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_258

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Both resources and environmental controls have globally become obvious. Although alternative energy resources should be utilized more and more, it is also necessary to enhance efficient and ecological use of fossil fuels, which have undertaken basis of global energy society. As coal is one of the even-distributed and reasonable fossil fuels worldwide, huge amount of coal has been consumed in economically developed countries, such rising countries as China and India and economically developing countries. As a result, not only tightness of the coal supply, but also increase of load of the global environment have worried in the near future. From the present viewpoint and the future trend, coal must utilize efficiently and ecologically, and another solid fuels, including biomass and solid wastes, must also be recognized as one of the alternative ones. Additionally, development of both the global, ecological and efficient utilization technologies for those solid fuels and the core and component technologies to support them as well as the academic studies to elucidate the mechanisms in the phenomena occurring have been much more important in the near future to sustain the basis of global energy society.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jieenermix.96.3_236

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

現在、石炭燃焼に伴い排出される水銀による大気汚染が問題となっている。石炭燃焼により煙突から排出される水銀のうち大部分を0価の元素水銀が占めている。これは、2価の酸化水銀は水溶性のため排ガス処理プロセスとしてあらかじめ備え付けてある湿式脱硫装置などにより回収されるのに対して、元素水銀は非水溶性のため回収が困難であるという理由からである。そこで、本研究では酸化・捕捉剤によりガス中の元素水銀を酸化・捕捉することで取り除く方法を提案している。酸化・捕捉剤としては水銀酸化性能を有していることを期待して、粉末状の脱硝触媒を用いた。脱硝触媒粉末および比較試料の水銀用活性炭を酸化・捕捉剤に用いて充填層型の元素水銀酸化・捕捉実験を行うことで、脱硝触媒粉末の水銀酸化・捕捉性能を評価し、脱硝触媒粉末による石炭燃焼排ガス中水銀の酸化・捕捉機構について検討した。

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.28.0_323

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

今日，廃プラスチックのエネルギー回収を実現する燃料化プロセスにおいて，タール生成低減と生成ガス増加を目的とした水蒸気添加等をともなうガス化の技術が期待されている．本研究では，3種のプラスチックについて，熱分解および水蒸気ガス化のバッチ炉実験を行い，そのガス・タール・すすの生成挙動について分析した．プラスチック試料としてABS(アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン), PC(ポリカーボネート), PE(ポリエチレン)の粉砕物を用いた．試料の粒径は1～2mmである．プラスチック試料の熱分解・ガス化は横型のバッチ炉を用いて行い，ガス採集実験とタール採集実験に分けて行った．炉内にN₂ガスを流して不活性雰囲気にし，温度をそれぞれ973K，1073K，1173Kまで上げてから試料を約1.2g投入した．水蒸気ガス化時には炉内に水蒸気を過剰に添加した．投入された試料は熱分解・ガス化され，ガス，タール，すすを生成した．その後，採集したガス，タール，すすの成分分析，質量分析を行った．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.28.0_301

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>固体可燃性廃棄物の基礎的な燃焼挙動を把握するために，電気加熱式バッチ炉を用いて固体可燃性廃棄物の等温燃焼実験を行い，廃棄物の燃焼挙動に及ぼす炉壁温度および雰囲気ガス中酸素分圧の影響について検討した。また，すべての試料について実験結果をもとに各種反応モデルを用いて速度論解析を定量的に試みたところ，以下のような知見を得た。まず，炉壁温度および酸素分圧を上昇させると燃焼完結時間は短くなる。揮発分放出時間は瀝青炭，オイルコークスおよび複合材系廃プラスチック，95％反応時間はオイルコークス，複合材系廃プラスチックおよび瀝青炭の順に短くなる。オイルコークスは容積反応モデルとグレインモデルによる並列モデルで，複合材系廃プラスチックおよび瀝青炭は容積反応モデルと細孔モデルによる並列モデルを用いることにより実験結果の反応挙動をモデル化できる。固定炭素燃焼の活性化エネルギーはオイルコークスが最も大きく，複合材系廃プラスチックおよび瀝青炭はほぼ類似している。いずれの試料においても揮発分放出については酸素分圧の反応次数がほぼ0，固定炭素燃焼は酸素分圧の反応次数がほぼ1 となる。</p>

DOI： 10.3775/jie.96.167

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

Thermal treatment is a promising technology for the fast disposal of hazardous municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in China. However, fly ash produced in grate incinerator (GFA) is rich in CaO and chlorides, which promote the formation of toxic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and ash agglomeration during the thermal process, inhibiting the thermal disposal of GFA. In this study, sintering characteristics of CaO-rich GFA were improved by adding Si/Al-rich MSWI ash residues. According to the results, ash agglomeration was well suppressed during thermal treatment of the mixed ash. Si/Al/Fe-compounds competed with un-oxidized Cr-compounds to react with CaO and suppressed Cr(VI) formation. Meanwhile, chlorides in GFA facilitated heavy metal volatilization from added ashes to the secondary fly ash, favoring the recovery of these metals. Ca-aluminosilicates was found as the main mineral phase in the thermally treated mixed ash, which has attractive potential for applications. The formation of the aluminosilicates made the heavy metals that remained in the treated mixed ash more stable than the thermally treated single ash.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-014-0341-z

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会  

<p>In this study a series of steam gasification experiments were performed on three thermoplastics - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyethylene (PE), in a batch reactor. The effects of steam flow rate and reactor temperature (600～1000℃.) on the amount of tar, soot and char have been studied. The results were then compared with those of Pyrolysis, from our previous study. In addition time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) analysis was performed to identify the fingerprints of several different tars. It was found out that steam addition has varying effects on each of the studied polymers. It had a positive effect on soot reduction in the case of ABS and PE; tar reduction in PE; and some char reduction in PC. Temperature increase was found to decrease the relative amount of tar while increasing char production. According to the TOF-MS data, the average molecular weight of tar increases with temperature increase.</p>

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.58.186_234

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

<p>Recently, the issue of global environment becomes worse and it is caused by greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. Woody biomass attracts attention since it is a renewable energy source and carbon-neutral. One of the promising methods for energy conversion from woody biomass is gasification technology. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gasification behavior of woody biomass and formation/decomposition behavior of tar in the packed-bed gasifier. Gasification experiments (downdraft gasification) were carried out by using the packed-bed gasifier. In this study, pellets of black pine were fed intermittently and using air as the gasification agent. In the gasification experiments, the temperature distribution and the gas compositions in the gasifier were measured during gasification, and the amount of tar in the gasified gas was measured.</p>

DOI： 10.1299/jsmepes.2016.21.e224

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

現在，潤滑油は多岐の産業分野にわたって使用されており，国内で年間80 万 kLの廃潤滑油が発生しているが，再生潤滑油としての再生割合は約 2 %に留まる。本研究で提案する膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出は，溶媒抽出の際に使用する有機溶媒のほぼ100 %がプロセス内で循環するため省資源であるうえ，残渣は廃油中の不純物成分のみであることから廃棄物を低減できる。本研究ではこの膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による再生手法の実証を目指す基盤研究として，廃油・溶媒を連続供給する連続処理装置の構築，2 種類の廃潤滑油を用いた連続運転におけるプロセスの評価および再生基油の品質評価を行った。評価項目として硫黄，残留炭素，動粘度，炭素数分布，水分の測定を行った。15 時間に達する連続運転において再生基油抽出が定常状態に達し，また再生基油の品質も15 時間の抽出において顕著な低下はみられず，十分に再利用可能な品質であることが確認できた。

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.27.37

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>廃棄物焼却プラントの熱交換器では管表面にごみ中の灰が付着し，伝熱阻害や運転障害，高温腐食などの問題を引き起こす可能性がある。それらの課題解決に向けて，著者らは灰付着・高温腐食低減を可能とする伝熱管の表面改質技術開発に関する基礎的な研究を実施した。本報では，廃棄物焼却炉内での灰付着・高温腐食の機構についてレビューするとともに，本研究で実施した分析・熱力学平衡計算結果によって腐食機構を考察した。また，最近の灰付着・腐食の測定・評価方法や従来提案されている課題解決策を整理し，解決策の有効性や実現性について評価した。</p>

DOI： 10.3775/jie.95.1089

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

<p>In order to incinerate heterogeneous fuel such as waste products completely, high excess air ratio was traditionally applied to the burning zone in the incinerator. However, from viewpoints of heat recovery efficiency and flue gas treatment, low excess air ratio at high temperature has been becoming more popular for the waste incinerator year by year. Meanwhile, technologies for NOx emission control should be stricter since high temperature and flame instability under low excess air incineration conditions intend to extend NOx formation. In this study, initial pyrolysis behaviors of wastes in their incineration processes were analyzed to investigate their contributions to NOx formations.</p>

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2016.26.304

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Spectroscopy Letters  

This study describes a measuring system for mass spectrometry, consisting of a glow discharge ionization source for soft plasma ionization and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, to detect toxic volatile organic compounds rapidly and easily. It is the most important to determine how the complicated fragmentation of such compounds can be suppressed to occur so as to recognize the mass spectra of the volatile organic compounds as their fingerprints. The novelty of this work is that the optimal discharge condition for the soft plasma ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometer system could be selected, so that the parent mass peak of analyte molecules could be observed both with high sensitivity and with little or no fragmentation of them. Use of air gas at a pressure of 1000 Pa provided the most favorable result for these criteria, whereas, in a previous report, the soft plasma ionization source operating with argon at a pressure of 346 Pa had yielded additional mass peaks of the fragmented species. The reason for this would be explained by the fact that energetic electrons in the plasma, which principally cause the fragmentation of the volatile organic compounds, have lower number density at higher gas pressures, through de-accelerated collisions with the plasma gas.

DOI： 10.1080/00387010.2014.905962

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会  

<p>Lignin and cellulose chemicals were used as artificial biomass components to make-up a simulated biomass. Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) as well as volatile matter contents in these chemicals were much different from each other. Co-gasification of coal with simulated biomass shows improved conversion characteristics in comparison to the average calculated from separate conversion of coal and simulated biomass. Two conversion synergetic peaks were observed whereby the first peak occurred around 400 °C while the second one occurred above 800 °C. Although co-gasification of coal with lignin that has high AAEM content also shows two synergy peaks, the one at higher temperature is dominant. Co-gasification of coal with cellulose shows only a single synergy peak around 400 °C indicating that synergy at low temperature is related with interaction of volatiles. Investigation of morphology changes during gasification of lignin and coal, suggests that their low reactivity is associated with their solid shape maintained even at high temperature.</p>

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.57.179_21

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

The iron making process, especially pig iron making process discharges the huge amount of CO_2 because coke made from coal is used as a reductant. For this reason, steel industry discharges the largest amount of CO_2 and it occupies about 13% in Japanese emission. This paper focused the woody biomass substitute for coke in pig iron making process and studied reduction characteristics of iron oxide when heated iron oxide and woody biomass mixed sample in N_2 atmosphere. In addition, we aim to clarify the reduction characteristics of iron oxide by volatile matters in woody biomass.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_62

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is expected to play an important role as one of a number of highly efficient conversion technologies for carbonaceous resources. However, it is vital to remove as much H 2S and COS as possible. Our previous study suggested that the molten alkali carbonates of 43 mol of Na2CO3 + 57 mol of K 2CO3 can completely adsorb them at 1173 K to form alkali sulfides. Furthermore, to enhance the overall efficiency in the gasification system, the regeneration characteristics of the used alkali carbonates should be studied. Therefore, the current study works on that issue. The optimum regeneration condition for experiments was estimated by chemical equilibrium software, FactSage 6.2, prior to the regeneration experiments. Chemical equilibrium calculations suggested that a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam could regenerate the used alkali carbonates. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated tube reactor using a mixture of CO2 and steam as the regeneration agent. As a result, the remaining sulfur in solid after regeneration experiments was around 5 mass % of the total sulfur content in the raw sample at an optimum temperature range of 650-773 K. It is expected that around 95% of alkali sulfides was converted back to alkali carbonates. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ef400219q

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

Some ash particles in solid fuels adhere on heat exchanger tube surfaces inside coal and/or biomass combustion boilers. The authors have already proposed a surface treatment on tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, to reduce ash deposition. Understanding reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition is necessary to evaluate effects of the surface treatment technique on the reduction of ash deposition. The reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition were elucidated due to physical and chemical aspects, measuring adhesion forces between the ash particles and some alloy specimens of the tube at high temperature under the simulated boiler conditions. As a result, the adhesion force increased with time and depended on both the ash types and the alloy specimens. The thermal spraying of Ni-alloy, in particular, could reduce the adhesion force. Moreover interface reactions between the ash particles and the alloy specimen played an effective role in increasing the adhesion force, alkali metal compounds in the ash samples also related to an increase of the adhesion force. Fe, which was one of the main alloy elements, diffused into the ash deposition layer beyond the interface. This observation result suggested that the interface reactions of the ash particles with the alloy caused an increase of the adhesion force. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.017

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Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

Effective utilization of biomass materials as a reducing agent in the ironmaking process is one of the key technologies for environmental protection. In this work, in order to study the possibility of effective use of woody biomass as a reducing agent in the carbon composite method, we carried out experiments of the thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of mixture of woody powder and iron oxide. Conversion ratio into H2 from woody powder was almost the same between thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of the mixture sample. Conversion ratio into CO by reduction was larger than that by thermal decomposition. The final reduction degrees of mixture samples at the temperature from 1273 to 1573 K were 100%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.019

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013  

The purpose of this study is to examine the gravity shedding mechanisms of ash deposits experimentally. A horizontal furnace, which could simulate the temperature profile in practical boilers, was used in this experiment. The pulverized coal was burned in this furnace. The typical bituminous coal was selected as a sample coal. The gravity shedding of ash deposits was observed, inserting a water-cooling tube into the furnace during combustion. After the experiments, the cross-sectional surface of the water-cooling tube was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscopy. The ash deposits before shedding were found to be between 2 and 3 mm thick. The ash deposits near the metal surface consisted of ash particles, while the surface of the ash deposits partly consisted of lightly sintered ash particles. After shedding, the remaining ash layer was found to be 500 μm thick on the tube surface.

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

現在，潤滑油は多岐の産業分野にわたって使用されており，国内で年間84万kLの廃潤滑油が発生しているが，再生潤滑油としての再生割合は約6％に留まる．本研究で提案する膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出は，溶媒抽出の際に使用する有機溶媒のほぼ100％がプロセス内で循環するため省資源であり，残渣は廃油中の不純物成分のみであることから廃棄物を低減できる．本研究ではこの膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による再生手法の実証を目指す基盤研究として，セミバッチ試験による膜分離溶媒抽出のモデル化および，廃油・溶媒を連続供給する連続処理装置の構築，長時間の運転におけるプロセスの評価を行った．モデル化に際して，Kedem-Katchalskyの式を用いることで，膜内への溶媒の侵入を考慮した膜分離溶媒抽出のモデルを構成することができた．また，連続抽出装置を構築し，連続運転条件において900minの長時間抽出を行うことができた．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.24.0_355

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In order to enhance net power generation efficiency obtained by pulverized coal fired boilers more, it is necessary to fundamentally develop reduction technologies of ash deposit during operation. The thermal coating technology on surfaces of heat exchanger tubes was applied to reduce the ash deposit during coal combustion in this study. Such several tests as the ash melting experiments at high temperature, the deposition experiments of ash particles and the measurements of deposition force after long-term keeping under the simulated boiler condition were carried out. Consequently, the Ni alloy specimen was selected as the best coating material to control the ash deposit. Finally, that coating material was also tested in practical boilers and showed the good performance on the reduction of ash deposit.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_vi

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会  

<p>According to the supply trend of primary energy resources, the resources of such fossil fuels as oil, natural gas and coal have still been consumed steadily worldwide. Among those fossil fuels, the coal resource has the highest ratio of reserves to production. On the other hand, the global environmental issues have strongly been focused recently. In these points of view, the coal must be utilized efficiently and ecologically as well as carbon neutral resources like biomass and solid wastes should also be utilized more effectively. The coal, biomass and solid wastes are generally categorized as solid fuel. Even for the biomass, it is necessary to convert it high-efficiently and environment-friendly. However, those solid fuels have not only their own structural difficulties, but also compositional diversity. In order to solve those difficulties, the harmonization between the theory or model and the social needs is necessary, and the interdisciplinary cooperation will also be effective.</p>

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.55.172_87

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

Boron behavior during coal combustion was studied experimentally and theoretically. Seven types of coal with different boron concentrations were pyrolyzed or burned, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In order to understand the effect of coal type on the boron component of ash, chemical equilibrium calculations were made to determine which boron compounds contributed to forming the boron compounds found in the ash particles. Additionally, XAFS analyses were also carried out to evaluate the results obtained by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Some boron compounds in coal were volatilized, and others remained in the molten coal ash after combustion. Both the chemical equilibrium calculations of the boron compounds under the combustion condition and the boron analysis of the ash particles by the XAFS suggested that the boron compound contained in the ash was mainly B 2O3. The boron compounds were concentrated in the molten slag during combustion. The enrichment of boron into the ash as particles was related to the amount of slag formed. The index, (Base/Acid ratio) × (Ash content), correlates well with the volatilization fraction of boron even in the actual power plants. © 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.018

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Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In recent years, protections of environmental pollution and global warming are most important issues to discuss the world energy use. Efficient and clean use of fossil energy resources in the world has been increasing in importance. Coal is produced all over the world also, and it amount of reserves is larger than any other fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, etc.). Consequently, IGFC (Integrated gasification fuel cell combined cycle) has been attracting attention as one of efficient coal utilization. However, trace elements in coal are emitted to coal syn-gas in vapor phase, and affect fuel cell electrodes to deteriorate their performances. In this study, we assess the effect of trace element in syn-gas on SOFC power generation. We have tested a button cell in 900℃ for about 20 hours with simulated gas doped vapor As and Se.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.49.0_120

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion  

This study proposes reduction technology of ash deposition on the heat exchanger tube in pulverized coal fired (PCF) boilers. Thermal spraying technique is adopted to change the surface properties of tube to reduce the ash deposition. As a result, Ni alloy as a thermal spraying material played an effective role to reduce the deposition under both the ash deposition experiments and the actual coal combustion experiments. However, it is necessary to change ash types in order to evaluate that the thermal spraying technology is universally useful or not. If this technology will be applied to the commercialized PCF boilers, additionally, the effectiveness for the long-term will also be studied as well as the theoretical elucidation on the reduction of ash deposition must be discussed. In this study, therefore, four types of coal ash with different melting points were tested as samples for the ash deposition experiments. The long-term ash adhesion experiments were also carried out, using a precise tension tester at high temperature. As the theoretical approaches, the compositions of each ash particle depositing on the tube surface were analyzed by a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector, thereby the interfacial reactions between the ash deposition layer and the heat exchanger tube were discussed. Those results obtained were also compared to the results obtained by the thermal equilibrium calculations. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion  

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate behaviors of ash deposition during combustion of Upgraded Brown Coal (UBC) and bituminous coal in a 145 MW practical coal combustion boiler. A blended coal consisting 20 wt% of the UBC and 80 wt% of the bituminous coal was burned for the combustion tests. Before the actual ash deposition tests, the molten slag fractions of ash calcualted by chemical equilibrium calculations under the combustion condition was adopted as one of the indices to estimate the tendency of ash deposition. The calculation results showed that the molten slag fraction for UBC ash reached approximately 90% at 1523 K. However, that for the blended coal ash became about 50%. These calculation results mean that blending the UBC with a bituminous coal played a role in decreasing the molten slag fraction. Next, the ash deposition tests were conducted, using a practical pulverized coal combustion boiler. A water-cooled stainless-steel tube was inserted in locations at 1523 K in the boiler to measure the amount of ash deposits. The results showed that the mass of deposited ash for the blended coal increased and shape of the deposited ash particles on the tube became large and sperical. This is because the molten slag fraction in ash for the blended coal at 1523 K increased and the surface of deposited ash became sticky. However, the mass of the deposited ash for the blended coal did not greatly increase and no slagging problems occurred for 8 days of boiler operation under the present blending conditions. Therefore, appropriate blending of the UBC with a bituminous coal enables the UBC to be used with a low ash melting point without any ash deposition problems in a practical boiler. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

A process to recover base oil from waste lubricating oil is proposed in this study, which is based on solvent extraction with membrane. In this process, organic solvent is circulated in a closed loop, leading to a resource saving. Residue consists of only impurities in waste lubricating oil, such as suspended particles, aqueous droplets, soot and tar, leading to a waste reducing. This process includes a fractional distillation, too, but it is for separating out organic solvent from oils. Then, temperature for fractional distillation is lower than 100 °C, leading to an energy saving. Rubber film is utilized as membrane, whose polymer network structure works as filter to separate impurities from oil dissolved in solvent. In order to verify the feasibility of this process, effect of extraction period, solvent volume and extraction temperature on both yield and quality of the extracted oil was experimentally estimated. © 2012 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.78.1048

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan  

Objective in this study is to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics for carbonaceous resources. Effects of temperature and gaseous agents on the gasification characteristics of carbonaceous materials were experimentally and theoretically studied by the gasification of woody sawdust, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Results of the co-gasification of CO2 with H2O were compared by the gasification by a single gaseous agent such as CO2 or H2O. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature. CO concentration under the co-gasification condition produced more than that under the single gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergy effect was also elucidated theoretically by the simulation of reaction kinetics. The simulated temperature indicating the maximum synergy effect on CO formation agreed well with that obtained by the experiments.

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

乾燥下水汚泥の燃焼域における窒素酸化物，特にN<SUB>2</SUB>Oの生成・消滅特性について，その機構を明らかにすることを目的とし，窒素雰囲気下で熱分解実験および空気比1.2での燃焼実験をそれぞれ行った。乾燥汚泥粒子が電気炉内に供給されると，瞬時に粒子温度が上昇し膨潤して，バルーン構造のチャー粒子になることを観察した。これは，汚泥中可燃分の約7割が揮発分であることと高温で溶融しやすい炭素質であることによるものと考察している。N<SUB>2</SUB>Oは火炎帯内で生成し，その後，NOが生成した。これはN<SUB>2</SUB>Oが生成した後に生じるCOの酸化反応で生成するHラジカルによる分解やNOへの酸化が生じたことによる。汚泥中N分のN<SUB>2</SUB>Oへの転換率は炉壁温度の上昇とともに低下したが，NOへの転換率は上昇した。また，汚泥はN<SUB>2</SUB>Oが生成しやすいHCNを熱分解時に高濃度で生成するので，これが石炭から生成するN<SUB>2</SUB>Oよりも高くなっている理由であると考察する。

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.21.193

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 スマートプロセス学会 （旧高温学会）  

Sulfur oxides (SO<SUB>x</SUB>) are one of the main sources of acid rain. In a fluidized bed combustor, limestone is a directly supplied into the combustor, as a desulfurizer in order to decrease the emissions of SO<SUB>x</SUB> from fuel, such as sewage sludge and coal. In our previous studies, NaCl-doped limestone has a good performance on the desulfurization characteristics. In the present study, the effect of alkali metal compounds NaCl, KCl and LiCl-dopings on the formation of CaO crystal structure was simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The result indicates that KCl in KCl-doped CaO deforms more largely the CaO crystal structure than NaCl, because K atom tends to separate from Cl atom at high temperature due to larger ionic radius of K than that of Na. For LiCl-doped CaO, LiCl also deforms the CaO crystal structure, because Li, whose ionic radius is smaller than that of Na, can move freely inside the CaO crystal lattice at high temperature. Based on the results obtained by the molecular dynamics simulations, only the NaCl-doping into CaO has a positive effect on the CaO crystallization. Consequently, this NaCl-doping may enhance the desulfurization efficiency. From this viewpoint, the molecular dynamics simulation can well explain the relationship between the desulfurization efficiency of CaO and the effect of alkali metal compounds addition into CaO.

DOI： 10.7791/jhts.36.41

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会  

Synopsis : Objective in this study is to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics for carbonaceous resources. Effects of temperature and gaseous agents on the gasification characteristics of carbonaceous materials were experimentally and theoretically studied by the gasification of woody sawdust, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Results of the co-gasification of CO2 with H2O were compared by the gasification by a single gaseous agent such as CO2 or H2O. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature. CO concentration under the co-gasification condition produced more than that under the single gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergy effect was also elucidated theoretically by the simulation of reaction kinetics. The simulated temperature indicating the maximum synergy effect on CO formation agreed well with that obtained by the experiments. © 2010, The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.150

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Particuology  

Some of the heavy metals in coal and wastes vaporize during combustion, concentrate in fine particulates, and emit with the flue gas into the atmosphere, to produce adverse effect on environment and health. This study first investigates the fate of the heavy metal species, especially Pb, Cd and Cr, known as semi-volatile, in various flue gases, especially in the presence of HCl and SO2, by chemical equilibrium calculation, in which, Si and Ca were proposed as base sorbent materials to capture Pb, Cd and Cr. Then Si- and Ca-based compounds as well as waste materials used as sorbents were optimized to capture the heavy metals. Finally, the optimal sorbent was tested in actual burning of dried sewage sludge as solid fuel, to evaluate the effectiveness of the sorbent. Calculated results show that Cl increases the volatility of most heavy metals, while SO2 enhances formation of condensed phases. Among the sorbents tested, kaolin appears most efficient to capture Pb and Cd. For sludge combustion with kaolin addition, both Pb and Cd were shifted from sub-micron to macro-sized particles, and accompanied by considerable decrease of 0.1 μm particles. © 2009.

DOI： 10.1016/j.partic.2009.06.004

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In order to control ash deposition on heat exchanger tubes in coal or woody biomass combustion boilers, surface treatment of the tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, was proposed in this study. The ash deposition mechanisms were elucidated, based on physical and chemical aspects, under the condition of long exposure period First, adhesive force (Sb) between ash and alloy surface at high temperature was measured. As the physical aspect, Sb increased with an increase of the exposure time and could be predicted by an improved logistic function. Moreover, Sb depended on the temperature, so that an interface reaction controlled the increasing rate of adhesive force. As the chemical aspect, the interface between the ash deposition and alloy was observed and analyzed by a SEM-EDS and a FE-EPMA to consider the mechanisms of an increase of the adhesive force. The result showed that S and Na contained in the ash composition diffused into the alloy and that Fe mainly composing of the alloy specimens also diffused into the ash deposition. The diffusion coefficient of Fe into the ash deposition was also calculated by the results of a point elemental analysis. These results suggested that the interfacial reactions of the ash particles with the alloy affected the increase of adhesive force.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.88.816

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

Gasification technology is recognized as one of the candidates to utilize the biomass effectively. From this viewpoint, this study focused fundamentals on woody biomass gasification, using a lab- scale packed bed. In this experiment, pellets of black pine are gasified, using air as the gasification agent. The gasification tests were carried out under both updraft and downdraft conditions. The temperature distribution inside the gasifier and the compositions of gasified gas were measured and analyzed during gasification by thermo couples inserted from a furnace wall and a micro gas chromatograph, respectively. The produced gasses before cooling were also sampled to analyze amount of tar generation in the gasses. As a result, the lower heating value of the produced gas under the downdraft condition was higher than that under the updraft condition. It was easier to operate under the downdraft condition than under the updraft. Under the updraft condition, bridging phenomenon happened. Amount of tar generation under the downdraft condition was lower than that under the updraft. This is because tar passes through a partial combustion zone or higher temperature zone in the downdraft gasifier.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.75.752_810

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In pulverized coal fired boilers, molten ash particles generated during combustion have possibility of adhesion on surface of heat exchanger tubes. This causes problems of heat transfer inhibition such as slagging and fouling as well as boiler trouble on operation. In order to solve this problem, surface treatment technology of the heat exchanger tubes is developed in this study. This paper describes dependence of the adhesive force between the deposition layer and the tube surface on the coal types.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.46.0_126

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Boron contained in coal are partly released to the flue gas during combustion. Boron are captured in flue gas cleaning systems and the emissions of these elements are generally low. However, it is important to understand the behavior of boron to improve the reliability of the gas cleaning systems. Though a lot of researches examined the behavior of boron, the behavior of these elements in coal combustion has not been clarified in detail yet. In this research, the release behavior of boron from coal was investigated using a drop tube furnace (DTF). As a result, it is thought that a part of the boron would be absorbed in molten slag during combustion.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.46.0_144

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

現在，潤滑油は多岐にわたって使用されており，国内で年間105万kLの廃潤滑油が発生している[1]．発生した廃潤滑油の大部分は再生重油等燃料などへサーマルリサイクルされており，再生潤滑油としての再生割合は約７％に留まる．今日において白土処理，硫酸処理などの廃潤滑油再生処理方法が実用化されているが，簡便さ，経済性，環境性を考慮するといずれも多くの課題を抱えている．本研究で提案する膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出による廃潤滑油再生処理は，溶媒抽出の際に使用する有機溶媒のほぼ100％がプロセス内で循環するため省資源であり，残渣は廃油中の不純物成分のみであることから廃棄物を低減できる．さらに有機溶媒の沸点（100℃未満）程度の低温プロセスで運転可能である．このような利点を持ち合わせた提案プロセスの実現のため，本研究では廃潤滑油の膜分離を伴う溶媒抽出に関する不純物除去特性を実験的に検討した．

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.20.0.125.0

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：社団法人溶接学会  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 溶接学会  

灰付着メカニズムの研究に基づいた成分系の溶射用メタルタイプフラックス入りワイヤについて、溶射皮膜の性質及び実機ボイラへの適用結果の報告。

DOI： 10.14920/jwstaikai.2008f.0.311.0

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

The role of methanol (MeOH) in the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of ammonia (NHs) was investigated near the typical operating conditions of a commercial plant at 560-620°C and 25 MPa using a tubular reactor. It was found that the presence of MeOH strongly affected the reaction behavior of nitrogen. With the addition of MeOH, at concentrations more than twice the initial concentrations of NH3 (1.4-5.7 mmol/mol of the feed mixture), the conversion of NH3 to N2O increased by about four times to 0.5-0.6 compared to that with no MeOH addition. The production of NO3- from NH3 increased in the liquid effluent with a conversion of up to 0.2. The productions of NO2-, NO, and NO2 from NH3 had similar behavior under the presence of MeOH at the tested conditions, and significant effects were observed at MeOH concentrations more than 2-6 times of the initial concentrations of NH3. The experimental results made it clear that NO and NO 2 were produced under the SCWO conditions. Methods for the reduction of N2O and NO3- were also investigated. Results showed that SCWO is not suitable for the decomposition of N2O. Other post-treatment methods such as catalytic decomposition should be applied to reduce N2O in the gas effluent. NO3- reduction methods (e.g., two-step reaction) proposed in this study should also be considered to prevent corrosion of the reactor material. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ie070168u

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

The biomass gasification has recently been recognized as one of the candidate technologies to utilize the biomass effectively. In this study, pellets of black pine are gasified in a packed-bed gasifier, using air as gasification agent. In the gasification tests, the temperature distribution in the gasifier and the compositions in the gasified gas are measured and analyzed during gasification by thermo-couples and a micro gas chromatograph, respectively. Fundamental gasification characteristics in the packed-bed were discussed by those results obtained.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.2.0_88

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Fundamental gasification characteristics in CO_2 and H_2O atmospheres at high temperature are experimentally studied, using an electric heated drop tube furnace. The gasification experiments are performed, changing temperature at the furnace wall, gasification agents and residence time. Hinoki sawdust is selected as a fuel. In the experiments, the gas composition and the elemental compositions in the residual reaction particles are analyzed. The result shows that co-existence of CO_2 with H_2O can enhance the gasification performance, compared with the individual gasification characteristics.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.2.0_36

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：無機マテリアル学会  

DOI： 10.11451/mukimate2000.14.177

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.024

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Gasification and pyrolysis characteristics of woody biomass were studied, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace, at 1173K and in CO_2 and N_2 atmospheres, respectively. Hinoki sawdust was selected as one of samples of woody biomass. Under this experimental condition, the gasification conversion and cold gas efficiency attained about 18% and 39%, respectively. The main components of the gaseous species were CO, H_2 and CH_4. The concentrations of those gaseous species in gasification were higher than that in pyrolysis. The main composition of the residue for gasification was fixed carbon. These results suggested that volatile matter in the biomass is easily gasified. The fixed carbon in the biomass was hard to be gasified.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.1.0_110

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本セラミックス協会  

In this study, the change in the desulfurization characteristics of limestone induced by adding some alkali metal compounds and chlorides to limestone was investigated by thermobalance experiments. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to elucidate the effect of alkali-metal chloride additions on the CaO calcination for the desulfurization process. The experimental results obtained show that the addition of NaCl into the limestone is the most effective in improving the desulfurization efficiency. The X-ray diffraction analyses of the calcined seashell, limestone and NaCl-doped limestone found that the calcined seashell, as well as the calcined NaCl-doped limestone, have a similar structure as the CaO crystal. These two materials also show a high desulfurization efficiency. The MD simulations show that NaCl doping into the CaO contributes to the crystallization of CaO, while KCl and LiCl dopings have a small contribution. Therefore, the NaCl doping has a predominant effect on the CaO crystallization leading to a high desulfurization efficiency.

DOI： 10.2109/jcersj.114.676

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In considering effective utilization of low-grade coals with high fixed carbon content, it is necessary to enhance ignition and burnout characteristics by means of adding the supplemental fuels. Co-combustion technologies for low-grade coals with biomass are generally recognized as one of the candidate technologies to enhance these characteristics. Although the biomass addition will affect NO_x emission, the precise NO and N_2O behaviors during co-combustion have not always been elucidated yet. Therefore, this report studies fundamental NO and N_2O formation/decomposition behaviors and their mechanisms experimentally and theoretically. In the simulation, the homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction schemes are considered to elucidate the NO and N_2O formation/decomposition mechanisms precisely. As a result, concentrations of NO and N_2O during co-combustion become almost similar to those during coal combustion, even if the input fuel nitrogen in co-combustion is half of that in coal combustion. The NO and N_2O formation/decomposition mechanisms relate to the heterogeneous reaction scheme. The main elemental reaction is the reaction of NO with char-C to produce CN, which reacts with OH to form NCO. Consequently, the simulation results agree well with the experimental results obtained.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.1.0_102

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会  

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.48.144_174

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

本研究では、廃油燃焼場における微粒子の生成特性を基礎的観点から明確にするために、２流体噴霧ノズルバーナを有するドロップチューブ燃焼炉を用いて、軽油ベースの模擬廃油燃料の燃焼実験を行った。ここでは、燃料中の残留炭素分ならびに芳香族炭化水素の種類と含有量に注目し、ベース燃料に残留炭素を多く含むC重油および各種芳香族炭化水素を添加した燃料を燃焼させ、燃焼排ガス中に存在する微粒子の粒径分布や濃度の比較を行った。主な結果として、空気比0.8の軽油燃焼場における微粒子は、粒径0.08_から_0.24mmに単一ピークを有するタール状のすす前駆体であり、排ガス中に約0.15g/m3の濃度で存在する。燃料中の残留炭素および芳香族炭化水素は、すす前駆体の濃度ならびに0.08_から_0.24mmのサブミクロン粒子の生成に影響を及ぼす。すす前駆体中におけるPAH濃度は、３_から_４環の化合物濃度が高い。

DOI： 10.14912/jswmepac.17.0.241.0

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

Current understanding has shown that aluminosilicate- and calcium-based sorbents could be applied to control trace metals emission from combustion and incineration processes. However, the use of industrial commercial sorbents is not always appropriate. The present study dwells on the use of natural and waste materials as sorbents to capture lead and cadmium compounds during combustion. The main task is to optimize the use of those materials by screening them, using a thermobalance. Then, the determined optimum sorbent was tested on an electrically heated drop tube furnace, burning sewage sludge at temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1223 K. The results showed that some of aluminosilicate-based sorbent were more effective than calcium-based sorbents. Kaolin was found to be a relatively effective sorbent for Pb and Cd capturing. The results further showed that the capture ability depended on chemical compositions and specific surface area of the sorbents. Presence of HCl caused a little decrease in the capture ability, using aluminosilicate-based sorbents, while significant effect on the capture processes was noted when calcium-based sorbents were used. Furthermore, when kaolin was added into the sewage sludge, kaolin was an appropriate sorbent to control lead and cadmium emissions. Temperature increase enhances the capture ability under our experimental conditions. Kaolin addition played a role for low leachability of the trace metals. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.022

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal De Physique. IV : JP  

Coal and wastes combustion have become an important issue not only in terms of energy generation but also environmental conservation. The need for alternative fuels and wastes management has made the two energy sources of importance. However, the utilization of the two is faced with problems of impurity trace metals in the fuel. These metals usually speciate during combustion or incineration leading to generation of fumes and subsequently particles. This paper reports on the study aimed at understanding the speciation of trace metals and their emission from combustion systems as particulates. Experiments carried out using a down-flow furnace and theoretical study carried out using lead, chromium and cadmium as basic metals had shown that their speciation and subsequent emission is controlled by both chemical composition and physical properties of the fuel. The physical and chemical and physical properties of the fuel and their respective compounds and the operating conditions of the incineration and combustion system control the enrichment of the particles with trace metals.

DOI： 10.1051/jp4:20030448

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Combustion Science and Technology  

Municipal waste combustion has been opted as a method for reducing the size of the volume, and consequently, for reducing the necessary requirement of areas for direct disposal. However, the emission of the conventional gaseous pollutants are not the only problem; traces of metal fumes emanate from the metallic compounds that are in the wastes. Efforts to control these metal fumes have not been so successful because of the complicated mechanisms of the metallic compounds during combustion. Failure of the conventional systems to trap the trace elements is due to their appearance with the submicron particles from the combustion and incineration systems. In this work, a thermomechanical equilibrium approach is employed to study the combustion and gasification behavior of trace metals with a case of lead, cadmium, and chromium during the incineration of sewage sludge. In this work, sulfur and chlorine have been found to play a key role in the speciation of the trace metals. However, these elements are only active when oxygen is present. A test on alkali metals mixed with trace metals showed that at low concentrations of S and Cl, the alkali metals react first with these elements before other metals. Chlorine assists in retaining most of the trace metals in the vapor phase while sulfur keeps them in the condensed form. The presence of iron, as is the case with most sorbents, hinders the reaction of Cl with the metals, thus suppressing the formation of volatile compounds.

DOI： 10.1080/713712965

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

Fundamental evolution characteristics of alkali metal compounds, especially sodium compounds in coal combustion/gasification were experimentally studied using a rapidly heated batch reactor under a wide range of temperature conditions. Six types of coal with different properties were reacted in the reactor. The evolution characteristics of sodium compounds obtained experimentally were compared with those predicted using both coal properties of cross-correlation coefficient between sodium and silicon in the raw coal and the fraction of condensed sodium aluminosilicates in the residue, calculated by the thermochemical equilibrium theory. The reason why the two indices were selected is that the sodium aluminosilicates was detected by X-ray diffraction analysis in the residue. The cross-correlation coefficient between sodium and silicon in the raw coal is calculated using two digital images of sodium and silicon distributions obtained by the Energy dispersed X-ray (EDX) analysis at the cross-section of raw coals. On the other hand, the chemical equilibrium calculation is performed by prescribing the experimental conditions and ultimate analysis data and ash compositions of the coal. The results predicted correlated well with the experimental data even when the evolution characteristics of sodium was dependent on the coal type and when the experimental conditions were varied widely. The coal with low cross-correlation coefficient between sodium and silicon and low fraction of condensed sodium aluminosilicates in the residue was found to release sodium compounds. Both of the two indices proposed can contribute to the prediction of fundamental evolution characteristics of alkali metal compounds in the coal combustion/gasification.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.34.899

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：社団法人 環境科学会  

DOI： 10.11353/sesj1988.14.333

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：社団法人 環境科学会  

現状の社会構造を持続発展可能なものへと転換させるためには,物質循環を機軸とする社会システムの構築が必要不可欠である。本研究ではその具現化方策の一つとして,各種産業から発生する廃棄物を未利用物質と位置付け,必要であれば最適な再資源化技術を適用することにより,それを他の産業における原料として利用するという異業種間ネットワークの構築によって,地域におけるゼロエミッション化を実現する方法論を提案する。具体的には,アンケート調査によって各事業所および廃棄物中間・最終処理業者における原料,製品,廃棄物の量と質に関するデータベース化や未利用物質を原料へ転換する再資源化技術に関するデータベース化を行い,これらを入力情報としてネットワークシミュレータにより解析を行う。本報では,豊橋市および東三河地域を対象地域として,農業・漁業・鉱業・建設業・製造業の各事業所1,139社,廃棄物中間・最終処理業者64社についてアンケート調査を行い,それぞれ236社(回収率:20.7%),32社(回収率:50%)の回答結果からデータベースを作成した。また,文献調査等により,総数383件の再資源化技術情報に関するデータベースも作成した。さらに一例として,作成したデータベースより廃ポリエチレンと燃え殻を入力情報としてネットワークシミュレータによる現状での地域内物質循環について解析を行った。次に得られた結果から,適当な再資源化技術をデータベースより抽出し,仮想的に組み入れた場合の物質循環についても検討した。結果として,各種データベース作成とそれを利用したネットワークシミュレー夕による解析は,最適な地域物質循環ネットワーク構築のための有効なツールになるものと考える。

DOI： 10.11353/sesj1988.14.231

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

都市ごみのサーマルリサイクル技術の1つとして開発されたRDFの基礎的な脱塩特性に関する知見を得るために，実際の廃棄物から作られたRDFと塩素源とその含有率が可変できる模擬RDF単一ペレットを用いて塩素源（ポリ塩化ビニルおよび塩化ナトリウム）の差異による脱塩特性の違いを実験および化学平衡計算により明らかにした．<br>結果として，RDFの燃焼に伴う塩化水素ガスは，主に，揮発分放出段階で放出する．脱塩特性は，塩素源の差異に依存する．塩素源が有機系塩素の場合，脱塩率は温度に依存し最適脱塩温度が存在する．この理由は，低温域では脱塩速度が塩化水素ガス放出速度より遅くなること，逆に高温域ではチャー燃焼過程中に脱塩反応によって生成した塩化カルシウムが分解してしまうことに依る．一方，塩素源が無機系塩素であるNaClの場合，NaClの融点付近で融解し，ガス状のNaClまたはNa₂Cl₂として蒸発するので，塩化水素ガスの生成はほとんど無い．

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.27.604

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会  

Reaction behaviors of a coke lump in raceway of blast furnaces which pulverized coal injection technology was adopted were studied by using a horizontal pulverized coal reactor. In the experiments two types of coke lump were used as samples. In the experiments, the reaction behaviors of coke lump were continuously observed by an 8 mm video camera system. Mass change of the coke lump was weighed at each exposure time, and surface temperature of the coke lump was also continuously measured by a two-color pyrometer. Additionally, both the reacting coal particles and gas were sampled and analyzed, and the deposition on the coke surface was also analyzed. In order to elucidate the effect of ash particles in coal on the coke reaction, LPG was also supplied as a fuel into the reactor instead of coal. As a result, mass loss of coke in the coal combustion is larger than that in the LPG combustion. When the coal particles collide with the coke at the surface, the ash particles easily stick there and spherical molten ash is formed on the surface. For the LPG combustion, only small spherical molten ash resulted from the coke is formed. Those results suggest that ash particles of the coal may enhance coke degradation due to chemical interactions between coal ash and coke.

DOI： 10.2355/isijinternational.40.744

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.37.0_281

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.9.0_285

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Influence of alkali metal compounds on desulfurization characteristics of sea-shell and limestone was elucidated quantitatively by using a thermobalance in this study. Scallop removed alkali metals and chlorine and Tsukumi limestone added several alkali metal compounds and chlorides were used as a sample. In order to elucidate additive effect of sodium chloride into the limestone on the desulfurization characteristics, the mean pore size by a pore sizer, the sulfur distribution within a reacting particle by an EDX system and the crystal structure of particles by a XRD system were measured. As a result, the desulfurization efficiency for the scallop even after removing the alkali metals and chlorine little changed. The addition of sodium chloride into the limestone can increase the desulfurization efficiency best. Both the mean pore size and the crystal structure of the calcined limestone, into which sodium chloride was added, was similar to those of the calcined scallop. Thus the desulfurization reaction produced over the whole of a particle. However, even if sodium chloride was added into the calcined limestone (CaO), the desulfurization efficiency was not promoted.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.79.1070

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本エアロゾル学会  

In order to utilize low-grade coals, which contain high concentrations of sulfur (2-6 wt. %) and ash (>15 wt. %, dry basis), controlling pollutant emissions during combustion in domestic stoves and small-capacity industrial boilers, a composite solid fuel &ldquo;coal-biomass briquette&rdquo; with sulfur fixation function was produced in a pilot plant in Chongqing city, China. It was composed of 80 wt. % of low-grade coal and 20 wt. % of biomass (<I>e. g.</I>, wood chips and agricultural wastes) with a small fraction of sulfur-fixation additives. In this study, we investigated the ignition and combustion characteristics of the coal-biomass briquettes, and developed a new sulfur fixation additive made from sub-product in gas welding industries. It was found that the coal-biomass briquette has the lower ignition temperature and higher combustion efficiency than the usual coal briquettes, and that the newly developed additive was superior to limestone or scallop shells in sulfur fixation capability. This method is simple, economical, and efficient, in terms of emission control of SO<SUB>2</SUB>, CO and other particulate pollutants from the combustion of low-grade coals using the conventional domestic stoves and boilers without modification. The coal-biomass briquette can be applicable for pollution control of coal combustion in some developing countries.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.15.364

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

次世代石炭火力複合発電システムでは, 石炭中に含有しているアルカリ金属化合物が蒸発し, ガスタービン翼を高温腐食させる可能性が指摘されている.本研究では, 燃焼場におけるアルカリ金属化合物, とくにNaの基礎放出特性に及ぼす炭種依存性をバッチ式急速加熱燃焼炉を使用して実験的に明らかにした。その際, Na放出特性の炭種依存性を定量評価するために, 原炭中のNa化合物の存在形態分析および2元素イメージ相関法で得られるNa元素と他の元素との相互相関係数による定量化を行った.<BR>結果として, Naの放出挙動は炭種により依存すること, 放出するNaは水溶性成分がほとんどであること, 原炭中のNa化合物がNaClとして存在すると放出し易いことなどを明らかにした.また, 2元素イメージ相関法により, 原炭中のNaとSiおよびAlとの相互相関係数が高いほどNaは放出されにくいことを定量的に明らかにした.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.25.389

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

低品位炭の清浄燃焼のため, 劣質炭にバイオマスおよび脱硝剤としてパルプ黒液を添加して高圧成型し, 自己脱硝機能付バイオブリケットを開発した.バイオブリケットの窒素分の放出特性, 窒素酸化物の生成特性, 脱硝特性を明らかにするため, 電気加熱反応炉を用いて様々な実験条件で, 熱分解実験, 燃焼実験を行った.<BR>主な結果として, 熱分解実験では石炭およびバイオマスの窒素分放出率は炉壁温度の増加に共に増加すること, 同一温度条件ではバイオマスの窒素分放出率が石炭より高いこと, 燃焼実験では窒素酸化物の総放出量は炉壁温度に対して変化していないが, 炉壁温度の増加とともにNOへの転化率は増加すること, 一方, その分N<SUB>2</SUB>Oへの転化率は減少していること等を明らかにした.パルプ黒液の添加により脱硝効果は, 揮発分放出・燃焼段階及びチャー燃焼段階で現れ, 添加量が10質量%以上で40%の脱硝率が得られることを示した.以上の結果から, パルプ黒液を添加したバイオブリケットは優れた自動脱硝能力をもっていることを世界で初めて明らかにした.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.24.779

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Symposium (International) on Combustion  

The characteristics of self-desulfurization and self-denitrification in biobriquettes were studied experimentally and numerically in this paper. The biobriquette was produced by mixing coal, biomass, desulfurizer, and/or denitrificater under a high-compression pressure condition. The combustion process of biobriquette appears in two stages, namely the volatile combustion stage and the char combustion stage. It was proved that limestone, wasted scallop shell, and calcium hydroxide have effective self-desulfurization capability in biobriquette combustion and that desulfurization mainly happens in the char combustion stage. Comparatively among the three desulfurizers used, calcium hydroxide has the highest desulfurization capability because of its lower calcination temperature, and scallop shell the second because of the larger porosity after calcination. A desulfurization efficiency as high as about 80% can be reached for some kinds of coals using scallop shell as desulfurizer with Ca/S over 3. A modified shrinking-core model was developed to predict the desulfurization efficiency in the char combustion stage, and an approximate agreement was obtained between the predictions and the experiments. It was also found that pulp black liquid, an industrial waste to roll as binder in the biobriquetting process, has both self-denitrification and self-desulfurization capabilities in biobriquette combustion. A denitrification efficiency of about 40% can be obtained by adding the pulp black liquid into biobriquette with about 15% in mass.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80157-4

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JSAE Review  

In order to reduce the pollutants from diesel exhaust, high-pressure gas was injected during combustion into a modified pre-chamber of an IDI diesel engine at a varied load and gas injection timing. The result shows that high-pressure gas injection can reduce the particulates and NOx simultaneously, with little influence on the engine performance. The combustion process in the pre-chamber was visualized by means of an ultra high-speed video system and image analysis of the pictures obtained. The results of the visualization show that by injecting gas, the flame is first quenched, followed by the reduction of NOx in the pre-chamber by hydrocarbon. Although high-pressure gas injection could have caused a substantial increase in HC as a result of temperature quenching, this seems to be controlled by the consumed portion of HC during the recycling of NOx. Chemical analysis of polycyclic aromatics compounds was carried out for the purpose of establishing its variations with gas injection. It was established that gas injection not only reduces PM by oxidation of solid carbon, but also the PAH component. © 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. and Elsevier Science B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/S0389-4304(97)00013-1

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering  

A modified pre-chamber of an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine was used to elucidate the influence on emissions of compressed air injection into the pre-chamber during combustion. The test parameters were air injection timing and arrangements of gas injection. This paper presents the experimental results for two types of injection arrangements; I- and Y-type. The I-type is arranged such that the gas injection jet and fuel injection nozzle are in opposite directions, while the Y-type is such that it forms a 'Y' shape with the nozzle and the passageway. Results obtained reveal that the Y-type arrangement is superior in combustion characteristics and emissions reduction to the I-type. A remarkable reduction in both particulate matter (PM) and NOx is realized at air injection timings during 35° and 65° after top dead centre (ATDC). The reduction mechanism can be explained as due to the induced turbulence which improves mixing and heat transfer. The effect of the modifications on the performance of the engine was evaluated based on the fuel economy and efficiency. This evaluation has shown that the test cylinder approximates closely to the normal cylinder of the original engine. © IMechE 1997.

DOI： 10.1243/0954407971526380

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemag.100.947_1108

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

低品位炭の清浄燃焼のために開発された石炭とバイオマスを高圧成型した複合燃料であるバイオブリケットの熱分解と燃焼特性を基礎的に解明することを目的に, 単一バイオブリケットの熱分解, 燃焼特性に及ぼすバイオマスの種類と添加率などの影響をバッチ式電子天秤付電気加熱反応炉を用いて実験的に明らかにした.<BR>主な結果として, バイオブリケット中の揮発成分量はバイオマス添加率と正比例の関係があること, バイオマス添加により石炭ブリケットよりも着火性と燃え切り性が良好になること, バイオブリケットの燃焼は揮発成分放出・燃焼とチャーの燃焼の二段階で進行すること, 揮発成分放出・燃焼段階では体積モデルが適用でき, 反応次数と反応速度定数ともバイオマス添加量との間に直線関係が存在すること, チャーの燃焼段階は未反応核モデル的に進行し, 外部からの酸素の拡散律速であることなどを明らかにした.ガス境膜における酸素の移動係数並びに灰層における酸素有効拡散係数から, 両拡散現象の寄与がほとんど同オーダであることを示した.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.23.404

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

バイオブリケットの燃焼に対して, 揮発成分放出・燃焼段階では体積モデルを, チャーの燃焼段階では未反応核モデルを用いて, バイオブリケットの燃焼性に及ぼす成型形状, 成型圧力および炭種などの影響を解明した.<BR>主な結果として, 同一直径の球状および円柱状 (柱の高さと直径は同一) のバイオブリケットの燃焼では, 形状による燃焼性の影響がほぼないこと, 成型圧力は揮発成分放出・燃焼には影響を与えないが, チャーの燃焼では約245MPa以下で試料密度を介して燃焼性に影響を与えること, 石炭ブリケットの揮発成分放出・燃焼段階での反応次数と反応速度定数は石炭の燃料比と直線関係があること, 炭種と成型条件は灰層の気孔率を介してチャーの燃焼に影響を与えることなどを明らかにした.石炭・バイオマスの工業・元素分析, 灰の真密度と本論文で提案したモデルと半経験式からバイオブリケットの燃焼速度を精度良く解析できることを示した.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.23.954

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

石炭からのアルカリ金属の蒸発速度を予測するために, 石炭中に存在する無機アルカリ (Na, K) 化合物のうち塩化物および硫酸塩について不活性, 酸化性および還元性雰囲気下で熱天秤を用いて蒸発速度を測定した.実測値について蒸発経路および律速段階を同定するために拡散モデルによる検討を行った.その結果, 塩化物は単体および2量体として蒸発し, その蒸発速度は飽和蒸気圧を用いて拡散モデルから計算した値によって説明することができた.硫酸塩は単体の蒸発に加え, 不活性および酸化性雰囲気では以下の分解反応が生じることを示した.<BR>M<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>⇒2M+SO<SUB>2</SUB>+O<SUB>2</SUB><BR>不活性雰囲気などで, 上記の分解反応が顕著になる場合, 分解速度によって蒸発速度が律速されることを明らかにした.還元性雰囲気では予想された以下の反応<BR>M<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>+2CO⇒2M+SO<SUB>2</SUB>+2CO<SUB>2</SUB><BR>は平衡に達しておらず, 以下の2つの反応速度が蒸発速度を律速している可能性を示した.<BR>M<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>+4CO⇒2M+COS+5CO<SUB>2</SUB><BR>COS+2CO<SUB>2</SUB>⇒SO<SUB>2</SUB>+3CO

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.23.635

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.4.0_103

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

熱天秤を用いて, 3種類の貝殻 (ホタテ, アサリおよびカキ) の脱硫特性を明らかにした.また, 比較のために, 津久見産および船尾産石灰石も使用し同様な実験を行った.実験にあたり, まず, 各試料の物性として粒子比表面積, 細孔径分布および元素組成を測定した.実験方法は, 窒素中で試料を焼成しその後N<SUB>2</SUB>ベースのSO<SUB>2</SUB>+O<SUB>2</SUB>ガスに切り替えて脱硫実験を行った.その際, 試料粒径 (297～420μm) は固定し, 焼成温度, それに至るまでの昇温速度および脱硫温度を変化させた.脱硫後の粒子については, その断面の硫黄分布を2次元XMAで計測した.結果として, 脱硫効率と粒子比表面積には相関はなく, 粒子内の細孔径分布に依存すること, ならびに同一条件での貝殻と石灰石の脱硫効率は, どの貝殻も石灰石を上回っていることが明らかとなった.このような差異が生じた理由は, 石灰石の場合, 細孔径が小さいために反応生成物であるCaSO<SUB>4</SUB>により細孔が閉塞し, 粒子表面近傍しか脱硫に寄与しないのに対して, 貝殻の場合は, 大きな細孔が内部まで存在しているため, 粒子内部も脱硫反応に寄与することによる.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.21.904

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

気泡流動層石炭燃焼から排出される亜酸化窒素 (N<SUB>2</SUB>O) に関して, チャー燃焼場からの生成・消滅特性をチャー粒子単層充填反応管を用いて実験的に検討した.実験は, 層温度, 供給酸素濃度およびチャー炭種を変化させて, 燃焼過程中の生成ガスならびに固体成分の変化を分析することにより考察した.<BR>結果として, 燃焼過程中のNOおよびN<SUB>2</SUB>O濃度変化より, チャー燃焼過程の初期において, NO濃度は急激に増加するがN<SUB>2</SUB>O濃度は緩やかに増加した。これは, COが酸化される際に生成するHラジカルがN<SUB>2</SUB>O分解に寄与することによる.しかし, 燃焼後半になると, Hラジカルの供給が減少して生成N2O濃度は増加する.排出されるN<SUB>2</SUB>O濃度は, 層温度の低下および供給酸素濃度の増加に伴って増加し, 揮発分燃焼場において得られた知見と一致した.また, 固体側の分析結果より, チャーの違いを検討したところ, 燃焼過程におけるチャーの表面あるいは内部構造の差異 (網目構造あるいはバルーン構造) が, チャー中のN分の放出挙動に影響を与えることが明らかとなった.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.482

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

石炭燃焼から排出される窒素酸化物の中でとくにN<SUB>2</SUB>Oに着目し, 電気加熱式1次元層流石炭燃焼炉を用いて多種類の石炭の低温場における燃焼実験を行った.実験は, 燃焼過程における粒子およびガスを採集・分析して, 石炭中窒素分の放出形態 (HCNおよびNH<SUB>3</SUB>) およびそれらの燃焼過程における転換形態を粒子およびガス側の両情報を関連付けながら詳細に検討した.<BR>結果として, N<SUB>2</SUB>Oは主として揮発分燃焼領域で生成されること, NH<SUB>3</SUB>よりもHCNを放出する石炭の方が生成N<SUB>2</SUB>O濃度が高くなること, 揮発分燃焼がほぼ完了した後流領域では, NO濃度は緩やかに減少するがN<SUB>2</SUB>O濃度は増加する傾向を示すことを明らかにした.この領域でのN<SUB>2</SUB>O生成は, ガスおよび粒子中の窒素分析から, NOがチャー中の炭素と反応してNCOになり, これがNOと反応しN<SUB>2</SUB>Oになる経路およびNOとチャー中の窒素が反応して生成する経路による.N<SUB>2</SUB>Oの転換率は, 燃焼率の増加および高燃料比炭ほど増加する.これは, 粒子周りの温度ならびに燃焼雰囲気の還元性の違いによる.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.843

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

低温場での石炭燃焼法の一つである気泡流動層において, そこから生成されるN<SUB>2</SUB>Oの生成特性およびその生成・消滅機構を実験ならびに反応速度論によって明らかにした.燃焼実験は, 層温度, 空気比, 炭種ならびに石炭供給方式を変化させて行った.反応速度論計算では, 流動層フリーボードでの気相反応に着目して, 温度, 空気比および揮発分含有窒素化学種をそれぞれ変化させて計算した.<BR>結果として燃焼実験および理論計算から, 生成N<SUB>2</SUB>O濃度は層温度の減少および空気比の増加にともなって増加し, 一方, NO濃度は層温度にあまり影響されず空気比の増加にともなって増加した.石炭供給方式の変化により, N<SUB>2</SUB>Oは主として揮発分燃焼によって生成していることを明らかにした.石炭中の水素と窒素含有量の比が小さい石炭ほどN<SUB>2</SUB>O生成量は増大した.本結果は, 反応速度論計算より得られたHCNがNH<SUB>3</SUB>よりN<SUB>2</SUB>O生成に寄与することを裏付けている.N<SUB>2</SUB>Oの消滅は, COの酸化によって生ずるHラジカルにより促進されている.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.178

Scopus

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

DOI： 10.3775/jie.72.252

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

熱天秤を用いた非等温熱分析法によってそれぞれ炉温1673Kの微粉炭燃焼器ならびに1123Kの流動層燃焼器より排出された約10%の未燃分を含むfly ash Aならびにfly ashBの燃焼性を検討した.実験は, 加熱速度1～1000K/min, 燃焼温度1173Kまで, 粒径37μm以下の条件下で空気流通系で行った.その結果, 次のような知見が得られた.<BR>1) 燃焼過程を以下のように分離できた.加熱速度2K/min以下では, 燃焼反応律速となる.加熱速度700K/min以上では, 酸素の灰中における拡散が律速となる.<BR>2) fly ashAとfly ash Bの燃焼反応速度パラメータと酸素の灰中の有効拡散係数はfly ash Aについて, <BR><I>E</I>=70.1 (kJ/mol), <I>A</I>=0.71 (1/s kPa), <I>D</I><I><SUB>c</SUB></I>=1.66×10<SUP>-5</SUP> (cm<SUP>2</SUP>/s) <BR>fly ash Bについて, <BR><I>E</I>=82.0 (kJ/mol), <I>A</I>=13.3 (1/skPa), <I>D</I><I><SUB>c</SUB></I>=1.94×10<SUP>-5</SUP> (cm<SUP>2</SUP>/s) である.<BR>3) 1673Kの微粉炭ボイラより排出されたfly ash Aでは.未燃炭素の一部が黒鉛化しており, 燃焼性は同種炭チャーのものより劣る.<BR>4) 1123Kの流動層ボイラより排出されたfly ash Bでは, フライアッシュ中の未燃炭は気孔の生成によって比表面積が増大しており, そのため, フライアッシュの燃焼性は同種炭チャーのものよりも若干良くなる.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.19.48

CiNii Research

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Symposium (International) on Combustion  

Characteristics of N2O formation/destruction in coal combustion are studied experimentally and theoretically over a wide range of combustion temperature. The combustion experiments are carried out in pulverized (1200-1700 K) and bubbling fluidized bed (1000-1200 K) coal combustors to find the influence of combustion temperature, combustion air ratio and coal type on N2O formation. The effect of catalytic reactions by char, CaO and stainless steel particles on the N2O destruction reaction are also tested by using a packed bed reactor. In order to get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of N2O formation/destruction, numerical simulations are carried out for homogeneous volatile combustion and for combustion of single coal particles. The controlling reactions of N2O formation/destruction are analyzed. The experimental and numerical study found that N2O was mainly formed from the volatiles combustion. The low temperature and oxidizing atmosphere favor N2O formation. N2O concentration increases with decreasing temperature and with increasing air ratio. HCN and NH3, evolved as volatile-N species, make important contributions to the formation of N2O as well as NO. Especially, HCN contributes more to the formation of N2O than NH3 in the low temperature range. On the other hand, H radicals produced by the oxidation reactions of CO and H2 promote the destruction of N2O. Char, CaO and stainless steel particles also act as N2O destruction catalysts. © 1992 Combustion Institute.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80165-7

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

循環流動層における粒子-流体間伝熱実験を行い, 局所ならびに平均熱伝達率を求めて, 粒子-流体間伝熱特性に及ぼす諸因子について考察した.その結果として, 局所熱伝達率は, 分散板直上部で高い値を示すが, その後は減少して, 一定値に漸近した.つまり, 局所熱伝達率は, 粒子-流体間のスリップ速度の変化によって影響される.また, 平均熱伝達率を用いた粒子ヌッセルト数をスリップ速度を用いた粒子レイノルズ数で整理したところ比較的よい相関が認められたが, 本結果は, 希薄輸送層ならびに気泡流動層の結果よりも小さい値となった.さらに, 層内全粒子ホールドアップの増大に伴い粒子ヌッセルト数は減少した.これらの結果から, 徳環流動層内の粒子-流体間伝熱は, 粒子-粒子間内の空間の流動状態に依存することが明らかとなった.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.600

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

発変電機器における保守点検中の漏油の有無の確認作業において, 直接的かつ簡易的な漏油検知方法を提案した.そこでまず, 検知シートを実際に試作し, 絶縁油, 潤滑油および制御油を用いて実験室レベルの基礎実験を行った.つぎに, 基礎実験の結果を基に, 実機における実証試験も行った.さらに, 漏油検知機構を明らかにするために, FIDガスクロマトグラフ, 質量分析計および核磁気共鳴分析計を用いて漏油検知に関与する化学種を同定した.<BR>基礎実験結果から, 油溶性の発色剤とこれを発色させる顕色剤とをそれぞれシート上に2層塗布するという化学反応を利用する方法が, 簡便でしかも水などの妨害成分による影響が皆無であり有効であった.本検知シートの発色反応には各種油中に含まれている微量の芳香族水素が寄与していた.実証試験を行う前に, 本検知シートの安全性について確認したところ, 電気抵抗, 絶縁破壊電圧ならびに温度特性とも使用上問題はなかった.実機における暴露試験結果から, 本検知シートが実用上支障なく使用可能であることが検証できた.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.562

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

微粉炭燃焼機構を解明するための基本的なパラメータである粒子ならびにガス温度の光学的同時分離測定法を開発した.粒子温度は, 高速2色高温計, ガス温度はNa-D線反転法の原理を用いてそれぞれ検出し, 乱流炉内の断面瞬時粒子およびガス温度分布をCT手法を適用して推算した.計算に際して, 光路に沿う放射の粒子による減衰を考慮した.CT手法による算出誤差を予めシミュレーション実験により見積った.粒子減衰係数, 粒子温度およびガス温度の断面分布をそれぞれ仮定して投影データを求め, それを逆投影して仮定した分布と比較した.<BR>結果として, CT手法による算出誤差はわずかであり, 実験投影データから正確に炉内温度分布が算出できた.実験で得られた炉内瞬時粒子およびガス温度分布の結果から, 粒子温度とガス温度には明らかな差が存在していることが示された.つまり, 上流の揮発分燃焼領域では粒子温度がガス温度よりも高く, 瞬間温度の変動も粒子の方が大きくなった.しかし, 下流のチャー燃焼領域では, ガス温度の方が高くなることが明らかになった.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.643

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

高効率燃焼と同時に環境対策をも具備する石炭燃焼装置を開発するために, 高速流動層と移動層とを装置内で組み合わせたCFM層型固気接触装置を提案し, 本装置における石炭粒子の燃焼特性を実験的に検討した.本装置の構造は2重管型であり, 燃焼方式は, 内管部において高速流動層あるいは気流層を形成しつつ石炭の部分燃焼を行い, 環状部出口付近の移動層部においてチャー燃焼を行う方法を採用している.<BR>本報では, Loy Yang炭およびコークスを試料として用い, 特にそれらの過濃ならびに希薄燃焼限界に着目した検討を行った.その結果, 1次空気比が0.3から2.4を越える領域まで連続的に安定燃焼が可能であり, 本装置が広い空気比で操作可能であることが明らかになった.さらにこれらの結果から, 本装置の着火機構は内管部での粒子循環効果のみならず環状部から内管部への熱循環効果も寄与することが明らかになった.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.15.105

CiNii Research

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.2355/isijintemational.ISIJINT-2019-692

Web of Science

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Oxy-Fuel combustion is one of the techniques to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Meanwhile, fluidized bed combustion has the advantage of increasing combustion efficiency due to particle flow. Oxy-fuel coal combustion in a fluidized bed is a relatively new study, so the combustion behavior remains unclear. In this study, we investigated Oxy-fuel coal combustion behavior by comparing three combustion atmospheres, air, CO₂-O₂ and Oxy-Fuel using bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Especially in this research, we focused on the production of SOx, and in Oxy-fuel combustion, the concentration of SO₂ increased due to the effect of recirculation. Regarding SO₃ generation in Oxy-fuel combustion, the concentration became high due to the influence of SO₂ circulation and H₂O circulation.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.57.0_4

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Currently, pulverized coal is blown into blast furnaces to reduce the amount of coke used in the steelmaking process. On the other hand, in recent years, the grade of coal has been declining due to the increase in the use of coal, and the company has been forced to respond to the diversification of coal types. Therefore, in this study, we used a batch furnace to prepare three types of coal char, and then the cross-sectional observation of the char by SEM and specific surface area analysis by BET method using N₂ were carried out. Coal with porous particles and high specific surface area values was found to have very high gasification reactivity for both CO₂ and H₂, while coal with balloon-type particles with large cavities inside the particles and low specific surface area values was found to have lower gasification reactivity.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.57.0_2

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>In this study, effects of tar-containing fuel gas on the SOFC with Ni-YSZ as anode electrode are evaluated. The simulated gas was hydrogen contaminated with toluene as model substance of tar. Electrochemical behaviors were investigated under several toluene concentrations in wet (2.3vol% H₂O) H₂ at 850°C during 30h using constant current measurement and impedance analysis in order to assess the SOFC's stability. Constant current measurements were conducted under 200mA/cm² mainly and impedance analysis was conducted under OCV conditions. Experimental results show that the presence of tar dramatically reduces the electrochemical performance of SOFC even under a low concentration of 100ppm. It was also indicated this reduction tend to be serious when concentration of toluene increase.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.29.0_130

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Talanta  

DOI： 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.115

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PubMed

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-019-00883-9

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

DOI： 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00672

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Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Hazardous Materials  

Hydrogen chloride (HCl)non-thermal plasma was applied to introduce Cl active sites on biochar prepared from sorghum straw in this study. Surface modified biochar was then placed in flue gas with typical components to investigate its elemental mercury (Hg0)capture ability. To elucidate the adsorption mechanism & binding properties, samples were characterized by N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS)and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES)analysis of Hg LIII-edge, Cl K-edge and S K-edge. Experimental results showed that HCl plasma modification successfully increased Cl active sites on biochar and greatly increased its mercury removal efficiency. Both HCl treatments (w/without plasma involvement)altered biochar's surface structure and layered structure generated. XANES spectra revealed that adsorbed-Hg on HCl-treated biochars mainly in the form of Hg+. Gaseous Hg0 was believed to heterogeneously react with chlorinated sites through electron-transfer and formed Hg2Cl2 compounds. With the presence of NO or SO2 in the system, adsorbed mercury existed on biochar mainly as Hg+. SO2 competed and inhibited the adsorption of Hg0; while NO promoted Hg0 removal capacity by increasing the active sites and enhancing the adsorption kinetics of adjacent Cl-containing sites.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.045

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

DOI： 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b04341

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Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.084

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Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.175

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会・社団法人日本伝熱学会  

The effective utilization of sub-bituminous coals should be extended as an energy source for power generation because of their low cost and long minable years. However, sub-bituminous coal may undergo spontaneous combustion owing to high reactivity with oxygen in low-temperature air compared with bituminous coal. Therefore, the objective of this study is to elucidate the low-temperature oxidation behaviors of sub-bituminous coal. In particular, transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation of sub-bituminous coal has been experimentally examined in detail. Isothermal gravimetric analyses are conducted for several bituminous and sub-bituminous coal samples at temperatures varying between 356 K and 476 K in oxygen-enriched air. The chemical compositions of emission gas are continuously monitored under low-temperature oxidation conditions. The changes in the chemical structure of the coals are analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experimental results show that the mass of all tested coals, including those of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals, increases at temperatures below 426 K as a result of oxygen chemisorption. At 476 K, the mass of sub-bituminous coal increases slightly with low H 2 and CO 2 emissions at the beginning and subsequently decreases with high CO and CO 2 emissions. This mass change indicates that the transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation occurs during this period. In addition, the FTIR spectra of sub-bituminous coals show the existence of carbonyl groups even in raw coal samples. These carbonyl groups are considered to contribute to the formation of CO 2 and H 2 from the beginning of reactions, triggering the transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation.

DOI： 10.1299/jtst.2019jtst0005

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CiNii Research

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>In coal-fired power generation, De NOx catalysts are known to deteriorate over time, but its mechanism has not been clarified yet. According to the previous research, it has been found that amorphous silica forms a thin layer on the catalyst surface, which composition are much different from those of coal ash. It implies that coal ash itself does not adhere on the surface of the catalyst, but Si compounds in the gas deposits to the catalyst. In order to confirm this consideration, deposition behaviors of vapor Si compounds to the catalyst surface were examined, and its effect on the catalyst performance was investig ated. High volatile siloxane was selected to simulate vapor Si compounds in exhaust gas. Two kinds of experiments are conducted, such as exposure and immersion tests. In the former, test pieces of the catalyst were exposed to siloxane vapor. In the latter, test pieces were immersed in liquid siloxane and calcined afterward. The amount of silica deposition on the surface of the catalyst was analyzed by SEM / EDX. In the catalyst performance evaluation test, dete rioration of the catalyst by silica adhesion wa s confirmed.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.56.0_10

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Coal combustion process discharges a large amount of ash, compared with petroleum and natural gas combustions. Coal ash particles melt and partially volatilizes at high temperature zones, causing many problems. In this study, ash deposition experiment was carried out, using simulated heat transfer tubes made of thermal spraying material. Coal ash was injected into the furnace via high penetrance at a high temperature. The molten slag formation ratio of their chemical composition in a single coal was estimated by the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation and the change of ash deposition characteristics was quantitatively discussed.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_8

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Currently, the proportion of fossil fuel in the primary energy supply in Japan is very high. So, the use of renewable energy is collecting a lot of attention as an alternative to fossil fuel. Biomass, a type of renewable energy, has the advantage of carbon neutral. On the other hand, Biomass has the disadvantage of low power generation efficiency when using power generation because of the low energy density. From these backgrounds, biomass co-combustion for coal fired power generation has been focused on. In this study, co-combustion experiments of pulverized coal and biomass samples were carried out, in order to investigate the effect of mixture ratios and types of biomass samples on co-combustion behaviors.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.56.0_28

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019  

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2018.07.064

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.051

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Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-017-0618-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy  

DOI： 10.1016/j.sab.2017.11.002

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会  

Four kinds of fly ash from three municipal solid incinerators in southern China were examined in this study. The characteristics of fly ash were examined and acid leaching treatment was used to remove heavy metals from samples. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was executed to assess the effect of acid leaching method to fly ash samples. The experiment results showed that the contents of Cd and Pb in the original fly ash were higher, which classified them into the hazardous waste list. With the treatment of water washing and acid leaching, all fly ash samples removed heavy metals efficiently and the contents of heavy metals in treated fly ash met the admittance criterion of sanitary landfill.

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_603

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>One of the important purposes of the coke in the blast furnace is the spacer to ensure the gas and liquid permeability. In other hands, ash particles in coke became slags inside the furnace and these are one of the causes that significantly worsen the permeability. In this study, combustion and gasification experiments of coke were conducted at each experimental temperature. Ash particles in the coke samples were analyzed by using SEM in order to clarify effect of temperatures on ash particles characteristics during combustion and gasification of coke.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.55.0_36

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.046

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.079

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.034

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.033

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences  

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

In this study we performed a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis on three thermoplastics—ABS, PC and PE. The Coats and Redfern method (Nature 201:68–69, 1964) was then used to approximate the kinetic parameters of each material. In addition, we performed a series of pyrolysis experiments in a batch reactor, for each plastic. The experiments were performed over the temperature range of 600–1000 °C at a constant residence time. The liquid and solid products of the pyrolysis, were collected, separated and weighted. Those products were categorized as soot, tar and char (PC only), and their relative weight to initial sample weight (DAF) was plotted against the temperature. The tar measured was exclusively medium to high molecular weight (>80 g/mol). Results revealed that relative tar and soot production, for all three materials, first increases and then decreases with temperature increase. The maximum achieved tar yields for ABS, PC and PE were at 700, 650 and 800 °C, respectively; and the maximum soot yields were at 1000, 1000, 950 °C, respectively.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-016-0470-7

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>Consumption of subbituminous coal will be expanded due to its low cost and long minable years around the world. However, a control of spontaneous firing at the stock yard is one of outstanding issues for the utilization of subbituminous coal. Therefore, an objective of this study is the elucidation of low-temperature oxidation behaviors of subbituminous coals. Several subbituminous and bituminous coals were selected as experimental samples for low-temperature oxidation. Mass changes of coal samples were measured by thermos-balance at the temperature between 356K and 476K in 50%N₂-50%O₂ atmosphere. Differences of molecular structures of coals between before and after low-temperature oxidation were analyzed by FTIR As a result, the aliphatic carbon in the coal was confirmed to react with oxygen, forming carbonyl group.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_24

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>To elucidate fundamental combustion behaviors of some solid combustible wastes under isothermal conditions, the isothermal combustion experiments are carried out, using an electrically heated vertical batch furnace. The effects of the furnace temperature and the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction atmosphere on the combustion behaviors are studied experimentally and kinetically. As a result, the completion period of the overall combustion decreases with increases of both the furnace temperature and the oxygen partial pressure.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_186

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

<p>In this study, we conducted coal gasification experiments by electrical drop tube furnace. In the experiments, we used Low Pressure Impactor (LPI) for the particle sampling in different particle size. Captured particles are dissolved in the acid on each particle size and the trace element concentrations of the solutions in the particles are analyzed by ICP-AES. For the consideration of the result of the experiments, we conducted thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Calculation results support to investigate the chemical compounds of trace elements in the gasification atmosphere.</p>

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.54.0_2

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

DOI： 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00722

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

DOI： 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02836

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

Flue gases contain elemental mercury formed by combustion/incineration processes, and it is difficult to remove them by conventional gas cleaning devices. Researchers have developed a few sorbent materials to capture gaseous elemental mercury. Our study also found two candidate sorbent materials using low-cost waste derived particles, a paper sludge incineration ash and a carbonized municipal solid waste char. The main objective of this study is to elucidate the capturing mechanisms of gaseous elemental mercury in these two sorbents. In order to analyze the chemical states of the mercury adsorbed on the sorbents, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses of the mercury captured by sorbents are conducted. The XANES spectra of the two sorbents were found to be similar to those of Hg₂Cl₂ and HgS standard chemicals, while the XANES spectrum of the commercialized activated carbon for mercury capture was similar to that of elemental mercury. These results suggest that the gaseous mercury is captured and fixed on the sorbents via oxidation by chlorine and sulfur present in the sorbents.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.14we339

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

The objectives in the present study are to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics of woody biomass with a mixture gas of CO₂ and H₂O. The effects of temperature and gasification agents on the gasification characteristics of woody biomass were experimentally studied using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. The co-gasification performance of CO₂ with H₂O was compared with the CO₂ or H₂O gasification performance alone. As a result, H₂ and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature under both the co- and single-gasification conditions. CO under the co-gasification condition was produced more than under the single-gasification condition. The H₂ formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergistic effect is caused by the difference of the surface structure of the woody biomass particles by CO₂ from H₂O.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.14we338

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan  

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.16pr4903

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.08.040

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

Auto-thermal updraft gasification of biomass pellets in a packed bed reactor was conducted by using air and air-steam mixture. Air-steam gasification produced syngas with slightly improved lower heating value of 4.5 MJ/mN3 in comparison to 4.4 MJ/mN3 produced during air gasification. The corresponding tar generation for air gasification and air-steam gasification was 21.2 g/mN3 and 26.2 g/mN3, respectively. Cold gas efficiency for air gasification and air-steam gasification was realized to be 91% and 91.4%, respectively. Carbon conversion during air-steam gasification reached about 91.5% while carbon conversion during air gasification was limited to 84.3%.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.07.015

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2016.65._519-1_

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会  

Coal contains harmful trace elements. Especially, mercury has high volatility. Mercury of approximately 27% in coals used in coal fired power plants is released as gaseous elemental mercury in a flue gas to the atmosphere. In an ironmaking system, since large amounts of coal are used as a reducing agent and heat source, there is a possibility that the gaseous elemental mercury emits from some processes. Therefore, an objective in this work is to develop adsorbents that are able to capture the gaseous elemental mercury in an air atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere. In this work, carbonized wastes (sewage sludge, paper sludge, woody biomass and municipal solid waste) were used as experimental samples. As a result, the municipal solid waste char has the highest property to capture the elemental mercury in the air atmosphere at 423 K. From results of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) analyses, the mercury captured in the municipal solid waste char was mainly captured as mercury sulfide (HgS) on the char. On the other hand, a mercury capture ratio of the municipal solid waste char in the reducing atmosphere was lower than that in the air atmosphere.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2015-046

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Oxy-Fuel coal combustion has drawn attention in the world as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). It is a technology to enrich CO₂ in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with additional pure O₂ to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO₂. Meanwhile, bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion has advantages of direct sulfur capturing in bed material and decreasing of thermal NO_X in low combustion temperature. Objectives of this paper are to understand hazardous emission behaviors during the oxy-coal fluidized bed combustion under the actual flue gas recirculation condition, compared with those under the air and CO₂-O₂ combustion conditions. A lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was utilized as the experimental equipment. Dusts were separated from flue gas via cyclone downstream, and carbon contents in them were analyzed to estimate carbon balances through the reactor.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.53.0_2

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

One of the major problems in pulverized coal combustion process is ash deposit phenomena such as slagging and fouling. The behaviors of Included Minerals (IM) and Excluded Minerals (EM) are an important factor to predict and control such ash deposit phenomena. Then, we sampled pulverized coal particles in different carbon conversion and coal types using Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) and analyzed ash particles by Computer Controlled Scanning Electric Microscope (CCSEM) in previous study³⁾. In this study, we made the models of single pulverized coal particle in combustion process using data gotten by CCSEM analysis and evaluated IM/EM particle properties such as particle number, particle diameter and composition in different carbon conversion and coal types through the simulation.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.53.0_6

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Coal combustion is one of the major mercury emission sources. The majority of mercury emissions from coal combustion is an elemental mercury. This is because oxidized mercury is water-soluble and easily captured, but on the other hand elemental mercury is water-insoluble and difficult to capture. In this study, we expected the De-NO_x catalyst to have a mercury capture/oxidation performance and performed mercury capture/oxidation experiment using the De-NO_x catalyst as a sorbent. In the result, when HCl is present in the atmosphere, the De-NO_x catalyst oxidized mercury and when HCl is not present in the atmosphere, the De-NO_x catalyst showed high mercury capture performance. Furthermore, De-NO_x catalyst maintained high mercury capture performance at a relatively high temperature (673 K).

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.53.0_4

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.05.017

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.10.036

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.02.011

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2015.64._213-1_

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

The purpose of this study is the gasification behavior of biomass in the packed-bed, carrying out gasification experiment (updraft and downdraft gasification). In this study, pellets of black pine (φ6.5 mm × 8.5 mm) were fed intermittently and using air as the gasification agent. In the gasification tests, the temperature distribution and the gas compositions in the gasifier were measured during gasification, and the amount of tar in the gasified gas was measured. In addition, the steam was injected in the gasifier in order to reduce the amount of tar.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.24.0_70

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会  

CO₂ emissions from blast furnaces should be reduced to curtail the impact of global warming. A promising solution is the low reducing agent rate (RAR) operation of blast furnaces. Char and ash particles derived from pulverized coal affect permeability in the furnace during low RAR operation. In our study, the combustion behavior and ash particle properties of pulverized coal during combustion were investigated. Char particles formed during combustion were sampled using a drop tube furnace, and then analyzed for their combustion ratio and ash particle properties. As a result, the combustion behavior of pulverized coal and properties of ash particles in raw coal were different by a coal type. Moreover, the combustibility of pulverized coal and the variation in ash particle properties during combustion were affected by the structure of the char particles.

DOI： 10.2355/isijinternational.55.1305

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Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In order to use the low-grade coals which are out of the power station requirement, blending of high-grade coals have been carried out in pulverized coal power station. However, for ash adhesion such as slagging and fouling, which is one of the important evaluation items of the coal, improvement of coal characteristics by the blending of coal does not become clear. It is necessary to establish the ash adhesion evaluation technology on the blending of the coal to reduce the cost of generation and increase availability of coal because most of low-grade coals are low ash fusion temperature. The purpose of this work is elucidation of ash deposition behavior at blended coal combustion. Ash deposits were collected on a heat transfer tube with an ash deposit experiment at some blend condition. In addition, we calculated the molten fraction of each blending condition by chemical equilibrium theory, using FactSage Ver.6.3.1 software.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.24.0_192

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2014.08.029

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Some ash particles of biomass fuels adhere to heat exchanger tube surfaces, which causes some troubles such as heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and hot corrosion in incineration plants. In this study, the authors have developed a surface treatment technology of tubes via a thermal spraying technology and a corrosion-resistant coating to reduce the ash deposition and the hot corrosion. Both the results of 'High-temperature Corrosion Test' and 'Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)' are exhibited in this paper. The major conclusions are drawn as follows: Polarization conductance of specimens can be evaluated by means of equivalent circuits which are assumed on the interface between specimens and simulated ash. Moreover, it is clear that EIS is available for evaluating the corrosion resistance.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.52.0_52

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Coal has better stability of price and supply compared to other fossil fuels. In particular, subbituminous coal is expected effective utilization because that has low cost and long minable years. However, subbituminous coal has the self-ignition risk that caused by reacting with oxygen in the air. Therefore, an objective of this study is the elucidation of oxygen adsorption properties of coal. Experimental samples are some kinds of the subbituminous coal and bituminous coal. In the oxygen adsorption experiments between 356K and 476K in 50%N_2-50%O_2 atmosphere, the amount of oxygen adsorption on the coal was determined by thermobalance. As a result, it is found that the oxygen adsorption amount of bituminous coal is larger than those of subbituminous coal and oxygen adsorption amount is correlated with the carbon content of the coal.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.52.0_100

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Ash deposition behaviors on heat transfer tubes under blended coal combustion condition have been becoming one of important issues associated to recent pulverized coal-fired boilers. In this study, ash deposition experiments, using two ash samples from bituminous and subbituminous coals, at two different temperatures, 1050℃ and 1250℃, were carried out and the mass of ash deposition was measured. Deposited ash samples were solidified by epoxy resin, and then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). In addition, fractions of liquid slag in ash were estimated by Thermo-equilibrium calculation to analyze ash melting characteristics.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.52.0_56

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.020

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Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.050

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2014.63._328-1_

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1159/000437289

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Currently, one methods of recycling waste plastics include gasification. Gasification is carrying out thermal decomposition of the carbon resources, such as coal and the biomass for generating combustible gas. However, gasification will generate tar which is a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It generate as a by-product. If the amount of generation of tar can be reduced, failure of a gas engine can be prevented, and also generation gas can also be increased. So, in this research, by adding vapor as a gasifying agent, when gasifying a plastic, reduction of tar was aimed at and the gasification behavior was inquired using the Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS).

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.23.0_276

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Some ash particles of solid fuels adhere to heat exchanger tube surfaces, which causes some troubles such as heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and hot corrosion in incineration plants. The authors have developed a surface treatment technology of tubes via a thermal spraying technique (TST) to reduce the ash deposition. Both the results of 'High-temperature corrosion test' and 'Alternating current impedance testing' were exhibited in this paper. The corrosion resistance of TST was evaluated by measuring the polarization conductance and weight loss in corrosive conditions. As a result, it was clear that some materials of TST have high corrosion resistance and the AC impedance testing is available for evaluating the corrosion resistance.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.23.0_260

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会  

The price of caking coal, which is used in the production of metallurgical coke, has risen in recent years. Also of concern is the amount of CO₂ emitted from steel industries, comprising approximately 15% of total CO₂ emissions in Japan. Therefore, CO₂ emissions from the ironmaking process should be reduced to avoid global warming. In this work, fundamental research is conducted on the effect of adding woody biomass to the properties of coke, with the aim of possibly using woody biomass, which is carbon neutral, as a raw material in coke-making. Experimental results showed that the connectivity between coal particles in the coke sample during carbonization and coke strength drastically decrease by adding woody biomass to caking coal. However, the coke properties of the coke sample with added woody biomass could be improved by removing the partly volatile matter of woody biomass before mixing with caking coal, and as a result, the possibility of using woody biomass as a raw material for coke-making with prior carbonization at temperatures of more than 500°C was found.

DOI： 10.2355/isijinternational.54.2454

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

One of the important purposes of the coke in the blast furnace is the spacer to ensure the gas and liquid permeability. In other hands, Ash particles in coke became slags inside the furnace and these are one of the causes that significantly worsen the permeability. in this study, combustion experiments of coke were conducted and ash particles in the coke samples were analyzed by using SEM/EDX in order to clarify ash particles behavior during combustion of coke.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.51.0_8

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Recently, the efficient use of coal has been increasingly developed as technologies against global warming issues. One of the solutions is a triple combined cycle system with coal gasification, such as IGFC (Integrated coal Gasification Fuel Cell combined cycle). SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) is a key device in the system. however, trace elements in syn gas damage anodes of the SOFC. In this study, thermodynamics equilibrium calculation and power generation experiment are conducted to elucidate the reaction between anode materials and trace elements, such as As and Se.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.51.0_118

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.011

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.09.009

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

Atmospheric mercury emissions from coal combustion and waste incineration processes have been drawing attention as global pollutant. It has been reported that wet desulfurization process and/or absorbing bed of activated carbon, which are generally installed in domestic coal fired power plants, can control mercury emissions. However, considering the growing diversity of fuels including waste products and the overseas market development, a low-cost dry process for mercury removal from stack gas needs to be developed in near future. Objective in this study is to utilize particle materials derived from waste products to capture gaseous mercury. Mercury absorption experiments have bee n conducted using some mineral particles. As a result, calcined paper sludge showed the high performance for mercury absorption.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2013.23.214

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：2013 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, MHS 2013  

DOI： 10.1109/MHS.2013.6710484

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2013.62.185

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

Nano-sized organic aerosols, nanoparticles (d_p < 50 nm), in the atmosphere have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of adverse effects on human health. A new system combining a soft plasma ionization (SPI) source with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) has been successfully developed and applied to direct and on-line analysis of smoke generated during combustion. The mass spectra of smoke were obtained in conjunction with the effects of gas species (air, Ar and He), pressure (1600-2600 Pa) and current (10-130 mA) of the SPI discharge. To investigate the ionization mechanism of the SPI, we also have studied spontaneous emission spectra from the SPI source. Considering the results from mass and emission s pectral data, we suppose an ionization mechanism of the SPI which can efficiently produce excitation ofN_2 in the presence o f the noble gas, leading to promote ionization of sample.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2013.23.222

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2012.08.009

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In pulverized coal combustion boiler, ash deposits such as slagging and fouling prevent heat transfer. On the other hand, a reserve of high lank coal is limited. So co-combustion of low lank coal, that is inexpensive, and high lank coal has been carried out in pulverized coal combustion boiler. Generally, low lank coal includes ash of low melting point. However, in this situation, ash deposition behavior has not been clarified. The purpose of this work is elucidation of ash deposition behavior during co-combustion in pulverized coal combustion boiler. Ash deposits were collected on a heat transfer tube with an ash deposit experiment at some blend condition. Ash particles near the adhesion interface were analyzed about element distribution by a Scanning Electron Microscope and an Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX). And ash particles are also analyzed about composition and particle size distribution by a Computer Control Scanning Electron Microscope (CCSEM). We calculated the molten fraction of each mix condition ash by chemical equilibrium theory, using FactSage Ver.6.3.1 software.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.50.0_52

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Recently, oxy-fuel coal combustion has drawn attention as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). This is the technique that enriches CO_2 in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with additional pure O_2 to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO_2. 0n the other hand, bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion has advantages of direct sulfur capturing in furnace by adding desulfurizing agents to bed material and decreasing of thermal NO_x as a result of low combustion temperature. However, oxy-fuel combustion behavior of coal in a bubbling fluidized bed is still unclear. In this study, we conducted the coal burning experiment under CO_2/O_2 using bubbling fluidized bed and compared oxy-fuel combustion behavior with air combustion behavior of coal. In addition, three coal samples having different nitrogen contents were tested to estimate the effect of raw coal properties on oxy-fuel combustion behaviors.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.50.0_56

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In general, the use of coal having different physical properties from those of design coal in a pulverized coal combustion plant causes ash deposit troubles, such as fouling and slagging. However, from the viewpoint of utilization of low rank coals, flexibilities for various coal types as fuel are going to be required in pulverized coal fired boilers before long. Then, it is important to preliminarily predict mineral particle behaviors in coal combustion process. In this study, their behaviors are studied by use of artificial coal samples which contains included minerals and excluded minerals. Coal samples are burned in a drop tube furnace to sample particles in different conversion ratio and residence time. Then included and excluded minerals are analyzed and classified in particles by CCSEM

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.50.0_54

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

ホウ素化合物は一般的に揮発性が高いので，石炭燃焼排ガス中では，その一部がガス相へ移行する．しかし，ガス相への移行割合は炭種に依存し，その挙動は複雑である．よって，石炭燃焼場におけるホウ素の挙動を正確に解明するためには，ガス状ホウ素を高精度に測定する必要があり，本報では，石炭燃焼場を対象としたガス状ホウ素の測定法を開発した．実験は，ガス状ホウ素発生装置を試作し，模擬石炭燃焼排ガスや実際の石炭燃焼排ガスを用いて，吸収液の選定，配管材料などのサンプリング条件の最適化，ならびに確立した測定法の精度確認を行った．主な結果として，ガス状ホウ素の測定に最適な吸収液は硝酸酸性の過酸化水素水であり，また，ステンレス製のプローブやアルミナバインダを含むシリカ製フィルタ紙はガス状ホウ素を吸着するため，サンプリング流路や吸収液用のインピンジャーの最適な材質は石英ガラスあるいは四ふっ化エチレン樹脂であることならびにサンプリング流路は130℃以上に保温することにより高精度な測定が可能であることなどを明らかにした．

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.38.183

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

Coal and solid fuels derived from industrial wastes sometimes contain a small amount of mercury compounds. In conmbustion processes, gaseous elemental mercury passes through the stack and releases into the atmosphere. Mercury emissions in the combustion processes have been focused as one of upcoming air pollutants. In this work, it is the purpose to use wastes (sewage sludge, woody biomass and municipal waste) as an adsorbent of elemental mercury. We conducted mercury adsorption experiment used carbonized sewage sludge, carbonized biomass and carbonized municipal waste as adsorbents. As a result, the mercury adsorption ratio of carbonized municipal waste was the largest.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2012.22.131

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2012.61._403-1_

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Currently, it becomes increasingly necessary to decrease CO_2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion processes, because they are major contributors to the global warming. Oxy-fuel coal combustion has drawn attention as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). This is the technique that enriches CO_2 in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with additional pure O_2 to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture and liquidize CO_2 downstream. However, there have been few reports about behaviors of various environmental pollutants in oxy-fuel coal combustion with the flue gas recirculation. In this study, we experimentally estimated effects of NO and N_2O recirculation with CO_2 by a drop tube furnace equipment. In addition, we simulated NO and N_2O formations under oxy-fuel coal combustion condition by elementary reaction analysis, and then we discussed mechanism for the formation of NOX.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.49.0_42

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.041

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本ボイラ協会  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1002/ar.21434

PubMed

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fuel Processing Technology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.02.016

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

DOI： 10.1021/ef200277q

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

It is important for environmental protection to use waste materials effectively. In this work, we conducted fundamental researches on the application of carbonaceous materials from waste as a reductant for iron oxide. Carbonaceous materials from waste (carbonized municipal waste, carbonized biomass, canbonized sewage sludge) were mixtured with hematite reagent The mixtures were heated up at the temperatures of 1000-1200℃ in N_2 gas by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) or batch furnace. In the reduction experiments, weight changes and concentrations of generated gases from samples were measured by electric balance and micro gas chromatograph, respectively. Weight changes ratio was calculated to compare reaction rate and reactive character.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2011.21.109

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

A novel low temperature process to recover base oil from waste lubricating oil is proposed in this study, which is based on solvent extraction with membrane. In this process, organic solvent is circulated in a closed loop, representing a resource saving technology. Residue consists of only impurities in waste lubricating oil, such as suspended particles, aqueous droplets, soot and tar, representing a waste reducing technology. This process includes a fractional distillation, too, but it is for separating out organic solvent from oils. Then, temperature for fractional distillation is lower than 100 degC, representing energy saving technology. Rubber film is utilized as membrane in this process. Rubber film has swelling property when it is immersed in organic solvent. Expanded polymer network structure works as filter to separate impurities from oil dissolved in solvent. Objective in this paper is to verify the feasibility of solvent extraction with rubber membrane to recover base oil from waste lubricating oil. Effect of extraction period, solvent volume and extraction temperature on both yield and quality of the extracted oil was experimentally estimated. Quality of extracted oil was evaluated through measurement of sulfur, carbon residue and carbon number distribution in oil molecules.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2011.21.115

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

Improved steam co-gasification characteristics of coal and cedar (biomass) blend was observed against additive average behavior for separate gasification of coal and biomass. Similar effect was less pronounced during CO_2 co-gasification. Blends gasified to 800℃ reveal hastened pore development and physical cracking on coal particles. Co-pyrolysis char has higher H/C ratio and exhibits higher reactivity than chars mixed after separate pyrolysis of coal and cedar.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.20.0_110

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2011.60._659-1_

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2011.60._658-1_

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.080

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

The main purpose of this study is to develop the combustion technology for low-rank coals with low melting point of ash. Various kinds of coals with different melting temperatures and ash compositions were used as the samples for the chemical equilibrium calculations and the pilot-scale combustion experiment. It was confirmed that the deposition fraction of ash obtained by the experiment rapidly increased when the molten slag fraction obtained by the calculation became over 60%. Finally, the combustion tests of the blended coal of low rank coal with bituminous coal were conducted using a 145 MW pulverized coal-fired boiler. The blending mass ratio of low rank coal to bituminous coal was decided, using the coal blending method developed. As a result, the mass of the deposited ash for the blended coal did not greatly increase and no slagging problems occurred for 11 days of boiler operation.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.48.0_36

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

From a standpoint of utilization of low rank coals, flexibility to a variety of coal types as fuel is increasingly needed in pulverized coal fired boilers. If coal which physical properties are far from those of the design coal is used in the boiler, ash deposit troubles called fouling and slagging become much more severe. Therefore mineral particle behaviors in coal combustion are studied for different types of coal samples in this study. Coals having low, middle and high melting points of ash are burned in a drop tube furnace to sample char particle in different conversion ratios. Then included and excluded minerals are analyzed in char particles via CCSEM.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.48.0_106

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 化学工学会  

A thermal spraying technique was adopted to change the surface properties of heat exchanger tubes in pulverized coal fired boilers in order to reduce ash deposition. Initially, four types of coal ash with different melting points were tested as samples for ash deposition experiments. As a result, ash particles with higher fouling factor selectively adhered on the tube surface. Even for the ash particles with lower melting point, Ni alloy as a thermal spraying material played an effective role in reducing deposition. Ni alloy can reduce the ash deposition by limiting formation of molten slag at high temperature. In addition, long-term ash adhesion experiments were also carried out using a precise tension tester at high temperature. The effectiveness of the Ni alloy was also proved after long term contact between an ash pellet and a rod thermally sprayed Ni alloy at high temperature. This is because the Ni alloy can control the diffusion of Fe compounds from the tube rod to the ash deposition layer.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.10we129

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：27th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2010, PCC 2010  

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Conference on Thermal Treatment Technologies and Hazardous Waste Combustors 2010  

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Energy and Fuels  

DOI： 10.1021/ef9014313

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management  

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-009-0283-z

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2009.00266.x

PubMed

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2009.00255.x

PubMed

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：高温学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2010.59.127

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In pulverized coal fired boilers, molten ash particles generated during combustion have possibility of adhesion on surface of heat exchanger tubes. This causes problems of heat transfer inhibition such as slagging and fouling as well as erosion and/or corrosion of the tubes. In order to solve those problems, surface treatment technology on the heat exchanger tubes has been developed in this study. In this paper, the ash deposition and tube damage mechanisms were discussed by observing and analyzing the interface between the tube and ash deposition in the practical boiler.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.47.0_50

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

To preserve fossil fuel resources, it is important to develop the efficient use of low rank coals like brown coal and lignite all over the world. Upgraded Brown Coal(UBC), which is the coal dewatered and stabilized in heated oil, is the promising way to use low rank coals as well as bituminous coals. In this paper, fundamental combustion characteristics and kinetics of UBC are examined via thermo-gravimetric(TG)analyses and Drop Tube Furnace(DTF)experiments. They are compared with those of bituminous coal. The UBC seemed to have higher reactivity during combustion than bituminous coal. There is a difference in the volatile evolution process between the UBC and bituminous coals.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.47.0_58

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会  

In Japan, electricity is mainly produced by means of thermal power generation with combustion of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. On the other hand, large amount of coal is used as material of cement by mixing with limestone, too. Therefore, the purpose is to develop high efficiency energy cycle which product electric power and cement material called clinker simalutaneously to save the usage of raw materials. In this paper, the prediction of how to create clinker is examined by means of Factsage which is thermal equilibrium calculation software. The results obtained are compared how much mix ratio is more efficiency to product clinker. The results of CCSEM analyses show what components created in from experiment.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.47.0_54

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.026

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute  

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.001

Web of Science

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2009  

Scopus

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of biomass gasification in the packed-bed, conducting gasification experiment and analysis of syn-gas in the reactor. In this study, pellets of black pine (ψ6.5mm×8.5mm) are fed intermittently with air as the gasification agent. The gasification experiments were carried out by two type gasification methods, such as updraft and downdraft setups. In the gasification tests, the temperature distribution in the gasification reactor and the gas compositions are measured and analyzed during gasification by thermo-couples inserted from a furnace wall and a micro gas chromatograph, respectively. Product gas before cooling were sampled for determine the amount of tar generation.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2009.19.216

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

DOI： 10.1299/jsmetokai.2009.58.375

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本機械学会  

This study focuses on gasification technology of carbonaceous materials in molten carbonates since this gasifier can gasify those fuels catalytically and in-situ clean up the gasified gas at high temperature simultaneously. This gasification system has such advantages that alkali metal compounds have catalytic function for the gasification reactions, the molten alkali compounds can absorb sulfur compounds and the molten media can capture ash and un-reacted particles produced. The molten carbonate employed in this study is an eutectic salt with the compositions of 43 mol% Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> and 57 mol% K<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>. CO<SUB>2</SUB> is selected as a gasification agent. Before the gasification experiments, the optimum gasification and desulfurization temperature is evaluated by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Fundamental gasification and desulfurization experiments were conducted, by using an electrically heated reactor. As a result, the main compositions of the gasified gas are CO, H<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB>. H<SUB>2</SUB>S and COS gases in the product can be absorbed almost completely by the molten alkali carbonates. These results suggest that this gasifier can gasify the carbonaceous materials and desulfurize even at high temperature inside the furnace simultaneously.

DOI： 10.1299/jee.4.386

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本機械学会  

This study focuses on gasification technology of carbonaceous materials in molten carbonates since this gasifier can gasify those fuels catalytically and in-situ clean up the gasified gas at high temperature simultaneously. This gasification system has such advantages that alkali metal compounds show catalytic function for the gasification reactions, the molten alkali compounds can absorb sulfur compounds and the molten media can capture ash and unreacted particles produced. The molten carbonate employed in this study is an eutectic salt with the compositions of 43mol% Na_2CO_3 and 57mol% K_2CO_3. CO_2 is selected as a gasification agent. Before the gasification experiments, the optimum gasification and desulfurization temperature is evaluated by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Fundamental gasification and desulfurization experiments were conducted, by using an electrically heated reactor. As a result, the main compositions of the gasified gas are CO, H_2 and CH_4. H_2S and COS gases in the product can be absorbed almost completely by the molten alkali carbonates. These results suggest that this gasifier can gasify the carbonaceous materials and desulfurize even at high temperature inside the furnace simultaneously.

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2008.00182.x

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）