Faculty Profiles - TOYOKUNI Shinya

Papers - TOYOKUNI Shinya

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Genome-wide profiling of 8-oxoguanine reveals its association with spatial positioning in nucleus. International journal

Minako Yoshihara, Li Jiang, Shinya Akatsuka, Mikita Suyama, Shinya Toyokuni

DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes Vol. 21 ( 6 ) page： 603 - 12 2014.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS

8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most common DNA lesions generated by reactive oxygen species. In this study, we analysed the genome-wide distribution profile of 8-oxoG by combining immunoprecipitation by antibodies specific for the DNA fragments containing 8-oxoG with a microarray that covers rat genome. Genome-wide mapping of 8-oxoG in normal rat kidney revealed that 8-oxoG is preferentially located at gene deserts. We did not observe differences in 8-oxoG levels between groups of genes with high and low expression, possibly because of the generally low 8-oxoG levels in genic regions compared with gene deserts. The distribution of 8-oxoG and lamina-associated domains (LADs) were strongly correlated, suggesting that the spatial location of genomic DNA in the nucleus determines the susceptibility to oxidative modifications. One possible explanation for high 8-oxoG levels in LADs is that the nuclear periphery is more susceptible to the oxidative damage caused by the extra-nuclear factors. Moreover, LADs have a rather compact conformation, which may limit the recruitment of repair components to the modified bases.

DOI： 10.1093/dnares/dsu023

Direct exposure of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma confers simultaneous oxidative and ultraviolet modifications in biomolecules

Okazaki Yasumasa, Wang Yue, Tanaka Hiromasa, Mizuno Masaaki, Nakamura Kae, Kajiyama Hiroaki, Kano Hiroyuki, Uchida Koji, Kikkawa Fumitaka, Hori Masaru, Toyokuni Shinya

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition Vol. 55 ( 3 ) page： 207 - 15 2014.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN

Thermal plasmas and lasers are used in medicine to cut and ablate tissues and for coagulation. Non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP) is a recently developed, non-thermal technique with possible biomedical applications. Although NEAPP reportedly generates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, electrons, positive ions, and ultraviolet radiation, little research has been done into the use of this technique for conventional free radical biology. Recently, we developed a NEAPP device with high electron density. Electron spin resonance spin-trapping revealed •OH as a major product. To obtain evidence of NEAPP-induced oxidative modifications in biomolecules and standardize them, we evaluated lipid peroxidation and DNA modifications in various in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Conjugated dienes increased after exposure to linoleic and α-linolenic acids. An increase in 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was also observed after exposure to phosphatidylcholine, liposomes or liver homogenate. Direct exposure to rat liver in saline produced immunohistochemical evidence of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal- and acrolein-modified proteins. Exposure to plasmid DNA induced dose-dependent single/double strand breaks and increased the amounts of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. These results indicate that oxidative biomolecular damage by NEAPP is dose-dependent and thus can be controlled in a site-specific manner. Simultaneous oxidative and UV-specific DNA damage may be useful in cancer treatment.

DOI： 10.3164/jcbn.14-40

Histological detection of catalytic ferrous iron with the selective turn-on fluorescent probe RhoNox-1 in a Fenton reaction-based rat renal carcinogenesis model. International journal

T Mukaide, Y Hattori, N Misawa, S Funahashi, L Jiang, T Hirayama, H Nagasawa, S Toyokuni

Free radical research Vol. 48 ( 9 ) page： 990 - 5 2014.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Iron overload of a chronic nature has been associated with a wide variety of human diseases, including infection, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. Recently, a highly specific turn-on fluorescent probe (RhoNox-1) specific to labile ferrous iron [Fe(II)], but not to labile ferric iron [Fe(III)], was developed. The evaluation of Fe(II) is more important than Fe(III) in vivo in that Fe(II) is an initiating component of the Fenton reaction. In this study, we applied this probe to frozen sections of an established Fenton reaction-based rat renal carcinogenesis model with an iron chelate, ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), in which catalytic iron induces the Fenton reaction specifically in the renal proximal tubules, presumably after iron reduction. Notably, this probe reacted with Fe(II) but with neither Fe(II)-NTA, Fe(III) nor Fe(III)-NTA in vitro. Prominent red fluorescent color was explicitly observed in and around the lumina of renal proximal tubules 1 h after an intraperitoneal injection of 10-35 mg iron/kg Fe-NTA, which was dose-dependent, according to semiquantitative analysis. The RhoNox-1 signal colocalized with the generation of hydroxyl radicals, as detected by hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF). The results demonstrate the transformation of Fe(III)-NTA to Fe(II) in vivo in the Fe-NTA-induced renal carcinogenesis model. Therefore, this probe would be useful for localizing catalytic Fe(II) in studies using tissues.

DOI： 10.3109/10715762.2014.898844

FREE FERROUS IRON IN AMNIOTIC FLUID AS A PREDICTIVE MARKER OF FETAL DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY

Yuka Hattori, Tomomi Kotani, Tomoko Nakano, Yukio Mano, Seiji Sumigama, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Takafumi Usida, Hideko Nagasawa, Shinya Toyokuni, Fumitaka Kikkawa

PLACENTA Vol. 35 ( 9 ) page： A71 - A71 2014.9

Iron and thiols as two major players in carcinogenesis: friends or foes? International journal

Shinya Toyokuni

Frontiers in pharmacology Vol. 5 page： 200 - 200 2014.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Iron is the most abundant metal in the human body and mainly works as a cofactor for proteins such as hemoglobin and various enzymes. No independent life forms on earth can survive without iron. However, excess iron is intimately associated with carcinogenesis by increasing oxidative stress via its catalytic activity to generate hydroxyl radicals. Biomolecules with redox-active sulfhydryl function(s) (thiol compounds) are necessary for the maintenance of mildly reductive cellular environments to counteract oxidative stress, and for the execution of redox reactions for metabolism and detoxification. Involvement of glutathione S-transferase and thioredoxin has long attracted the attention of cancer researchers. Here, I update recent findings on the involvement of iron and thiol compounds during carcinogenesis and in cancer cells. It is now recognized that the cystine/glutamate transporter (antiporter) is intimately associated with ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of cell death, observed in cancer cells, and also with cancer stem cells; the former with transporter blockage but the latter with its stabilization. Excess iron in the presence of oxygen appears the most common known mutagen. Ironically, the persistent activation of antioxidant systems via genetic alterations in Nrf2 and Keapl also contributes to carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude the role of iron and thiol compounds as friends or foes, which depends on the quantity/distribution and induction/flexibility, respectively. Avoiding further mutation would be the most helpful strategy for cancer prevention, and myriad of efforts are being made to sort out the weaknesses of cancer cells.

DOI： 10.3389/fphar.2014.00200

Connective tissue growth factor and beta-catenin constitute an autocrine loop for activation in rat sarcomatoid mesothelioma International journal

Li Jiang, Yoriko Yamashita, Shan-Hwu Chew, Shinya Akatsuka, Shun Ukai, Shenqi Wang, Hirotaka Nagai, Yasumasa Okazaki, Takashi Takahashi, Shinya Toyokuni

JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY Vol. 233 ( 4 ) page： 402 - 14 2014.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Due to the formerly widespread use of asbestos, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is increasingly frequent worldwide. MM is classified into epithelioid (EM), sarcomatoid (SM), and biphasic subtypes. SM is less common than EM but is recognized as the most aggressive type of MM, and these patients have a poor prognosis. To identify genes responsible for the aggressiveness of SM, we induced EM and SM in rats, using asbestos, and compared their transcriptomes. Based on the results, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), whose expression was significantly increased in SM compared with EM; EM itself exhibited an increased expression of Ctgf compared with normal mesothelium. Particularly in SM, Ctgf was a major regulator of MM proliferation and invasion through activation of the beta-catenin-TCF-LEF signalling pathway, which is autocrine and formed a positive feedback loop via LRP6 as a receptor for secreted Ctgf. High Ctgf expression also played a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MM. Furthermore, Ctgf is a novel serum biomarker for both early diagnosis and determining the MM prognosis in rats. These data link Ctgf to SM through the LRP6-GSK3 beta-beta-catenin-TCF-Ctgf autocrine axis and suggest Ctgf as a therapeutic target. Copyright (C) 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/path.4377

Expression of chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma via TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway regulation. Reviewed International journal

Kanako Shinjo, Yoriko Yamashita, Eiko Yamamoto, Shinya Akatsuka, Nozomi Uno, Akihiro Kamiya, Kaoru Niimi, Yuka Sakaguchi, Tetsuro Nagasaka, Takashi Takahashi, Kiyosumi Shibata, Hiroaki Kajiyama, Fumitaka Kikkawa, Shinya Toyokuni

International journal of cancer Vol. 135 ( 2 ) page： 308 - 318 2014.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary (OCCA), in particular, has a relatively poor prognosis among the ovarian cancer subtypes because of its high chemoresistance. Chromobox (CBX) 7 is a polycomb repressive complex 1 component that prolongs the lifespan of normal human cells by downregulating the INK4a/ARF expression which promotes cell-cycle progression. However, recent reports studying the relationship between CBX7 expression and patient survival have differed regarding the tumor cell origins, and the precise role of CBX7 in human carcinomas remains obscure. In this study, we analyzed CBX7 expression by immunohistochemistry in 81 OCCA patients and evaluated its association with their clinical outcomes. Both the overall and progression-free survival rates of the CBX7-positive patients were significantly shorter than those of the CBX7-negative patients (p < 0.05). CBX7 knockdown experiments using two OCCA cell lines, TOV21G and KOC-7C, revealed that cell viability was significantly reduced compared to the control cells (p < 0.001). Expression microarray analysis revealed that apoptosis-related genes, particularly tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), were significantly upregulated in CBX7 knockdown cells (p < 0.01). We further confirmed that CBX7 knockdown resulted in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the OCCA cells. Thus, in this study, we showed for the first time that CBX7 was associated with a decreased OCCA prognosis. We also successfully demonstrated that the TRAIL pathway is a novel target for CBX7 expression modulation in these cells, and therapeutic agents utilizing the TRAIL pathway may be particularly effective for targeted OCCA therapy.
What's new? Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with clear celladenocarcinoma of the ovary (OCCA) having a particularly poor prognosis due to high chemoresistance. Chromobox homolog 7 (CBX7) is a polycomb group transcriptional repressor whose role in human cancer remains controversial. Here, the authors showed for the first time that CBX7 expression is related to worse prognosis in OCCA. Furthermore, knockdown of CBX7 in vitro induced apoptosis in OCCA cell lines, possibly via regulation of the TRAIL-pathway. The findings thus indicate CBX7 as a good prognostic marker, andthe TRAIL-pathway as a potential target for OCCA diagnosis and therapy.

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.28692

Lack of presence of the human cytomegalovirus in human glioblastoma

Yoriko Yamashita, Yoshinori Ito, Hiroki Isomura, Naoaki Takemura, Akira Okamoto, Kazuya Motomura, Takashi Tsujiuchi, Atsushi Natsume, Toshihiko Wakabayashi, Shinya Toyokuni, Tatsuya Tsurumi

MODERN PATHOLOGY Vol. 27 ( 7 ) page： 922 - 9 2014.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

Recent reports have indicated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) to be associated with human glioblastoma carcinogenesis. In established examples of viral carcinogenesis, viral DNA and one or more of its products have been detected in most tumor cells of biopsies in the majority of cases. To test whether HCMV is associated with human glioblastoma based on this criterion, we measured the number of viral DNA molecules per cell in both frozen and paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies from 58 patients using real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR). Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect HCMV proteins and genome was performed in 10 cases using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioblastoma tissues. Southern blotting using DNA extracted from four glioblastoma cell lines together with immunoblotting using the four cell lines and five glioblastoma tissue samples were also performed. We further confirmed the immunoblot bands using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. As a result, HCMV DNA was not detected in the tumor cells from any of the glioblastoma cases by QPCR detecting two different HCMV genes, in clear contrast to samples from patients with HCMV infection. Southern blotting and immunoblotting of cell lines and FISH using paraffin sections were all negative. However, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using tissue samples were partly positive, but HCMV proteins were not detected by proteomic analysis, suggesting false positivity of the analyses. As our QPCR analysis could detect 10 copies of HCMV DNA mixed with DNA extracted from 10(4) HCMV-negative cells, we conclude that HCMV is not persistent, at least in the tumor cells, of developed human glioblastoma.

DOI： 10.1038/modpathol.2013.219

Maternal molecular hydrogen administration ameliorates rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by in utero ischemia-reperfusion. International journal

Yukio Mano, Tomomi Kotani, Mikako Ito, Taku Nagai, Yuko Ichinohashi, Kiyofumi Yamada, Kinji Ohno, Fumitaka Kikkawa, Shinya Toyokuni

Free radical biology & medicine Vol. 69 page： 324 - 30 2014.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Molecular hydrogen (H-2) scavenges hydroxyl radicals. Recently, H-2 has been reported to prevent a variety of diseases associated with oxidative stress in model systems and in humans. Here, we studied the effects of H-2 on rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by ischemia and reperfusion (IR) on day 16 of pregnancy with the transient occlusion of the bilateral utero-ovarian arteries. Starting 2 days before the operation, we provided the mothers with hydrogen-saturated water ad libitum until vaginal delivery. We observed a significant increase in the concentration of H-2 in the placenta after the oral administration of hydrogen-saturated water to the mothers, with less placental oxidative damage after IR in the presence of H-2. Neonatal growth retardation was observed in the IR group, which was alleviated by the H-2 administration. We analyzed the neuronal cell damage in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus at day 7 after birth by immunohistochemical analysis of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine- and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins. Both oxidative stress markers were significantly increased in the IR group, which was again ameliorated by the H-2 intake. Last, 8-week-old rats were subjected to a Morris water maze test. Maternal H-2 administration improved the reference memory of the offspring to the sham level after IR injury during pregnancy. Overall, the present results support the idea that maternal H-2 intake helps prevent the hippocampal impairment of offspring induced by IR during pregnancy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.037

Ovarian mucinous tumors arising from mature cystic teratomas-a molecular genetic approach for understanding the cellular origin

Kaho Fujii, Yoriko Yamashita, Toshimichi Yamamoto, Koji Takahashi, Katsunori Hashimoto, Tomoko Miyata, Kumi Kawai, Fumitaka Kikkawa, Shinya Toyokuni, Tetsuro Nagasaka

HUMAN PATHOLOGY Vol. 45 ( 4 ) page： 717 - 724 2014.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC

Mucinous tumors of the ovary are frequently associated with mature cystic teratomas, and it has been speculated that the mucinous tumors arise from teratoma components. The cellular origins of mature cystic teratomas are believed to be post-meiotic ovarian germ cells, and the analysis of microsatellite markers such as short tandem repeats is suitable for determining the cellular origin of tumors. In this study, we analyzed 3 ovarian mature cystic teratomas, all of which were associated with simultaneous ovarian mucinous tumors within the same ovary. Two of the 3 mucinous tumors were intestinal-type and the other was endocervical type. A laser capture microdissection technique was used to separate the epithelial component of the mucinous tumor, the components of the mature cystic teratoma, and control ovarian somatic tissue. Using short tandem repeat analysis based on 6 markers (D20S480, D6S2439, D6S1056, D9S1118, D4S2639, and D17S1290), we could distinguish the germ cell (homozygous) or somatic (heterozygous) origin of a given component in each sample. The epithelial components of the intestinal-type mucinous tumors in cases 1 and 2 were homozygous, and the epithelial component in case 3 (endocervical type) was heterozygous. All teratomatous components were homozygous, and the control components were heterozygous. In addition, we analyzed 3 mature cystic teratomas without mucinous tumors, and all 3 were homozygous in the tumor component. Our data suggest that the origin of mucinous tumors in the ovary may differ among histological subtypes, and intestinal-type mucinous tumors may arise from mature cystic teratomas, although endocervical-type mucinous tumors may not. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.031

From Nagoya to the world

Toyokuni S.

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science Vol. 76 ( 1-2 ) page： 1 - 2 2014.3

From Nagoya to the world

Toyokuni S

Nagoya Journal of Medical Science Vol. 76 ( 1-2 ) page： 1 - 2 2014.3

RAT MODEL DEMONSTRATES A HIGH RISK OF TREMOLITE BUT A LOW RISK OF ANTHOPHYLLITE FOR MESOTHELIAL CARCINOGENESIS Reviewed

Dilinuer Aierken, Yasumasa Okazaki, Shan Hwu Chew, Akihiro Sakai, Yue Wang, Hirotaka Nagai, Nobuaki Misawa, Norihiko Kohyama, Shinya Toyokuni

NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol. 76 ( 1-2 ) page： 149 - 160 2014.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：NAGOYA UNIV, SCH MED

Asbestos was abundantly used in industry during the last century. Currently, asbestos confers a heavy social burden due to an increasing number of patients with malignant mesothelioma ( MM), which develops after a long incubation period. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of the asbestos types that were most commonly used for commercial applications. However, there are few studies describing the effects of the less common types, or minor asbestos. We performed a rat carcinogenesis study using Japanese tremolite and Afghan anthophyllite. Whereas more than 50% of tremolite fibers had a diameter of < 500 nm, only a small fraction of anthophyllite fibers had a diameter of < 500 nm. We intraperitoneally injected 1 or 10 mg of asbestos into F1 Fischer-344/Brown-Norway rats. In half of the animals, repeated intraperitoneal injections of nitrilotriacetate (NTA), an iron chelator to promote Fenton reaction, were performed to evaluate the potential involvement of iron overload. Tremolite induced MM with a high incidence (96% with 10 mg; 52% with 1 mg), and males were more susceptible than females. Histology was confirmed using immunohistochemistry, and most MMs were characterized as the sarcomatoid or biphasic subtype. Unexpectedly NTA showed an inhibitory effect in females. In contrast, anthophyllite induced no MM after an observation period of 550 days. The results suggest that the carcinogenicity of anthophyllite is weaker than formerly reported, whereas that of tremolite is as potent as major asbestos as compared with our previous data.

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Rat model demonstrates a high risk of tremolite but a low risk of anthophyllite for mesothelial carcinogenesis.

Aierken D, Okazaki Y, Chew SH, Sakai A, Wang Y, Nagai H, Misawa N, Kohyama N, Toyokuni S

Nagoya journal of medical science Vol. 76 ( 1-2 ) page： 149 - 60 2014.2

Rat model demonstrates a high risk of tremolite but a low risk of anthophyllite for mesothelial carcinogenesis.

Aierken D, Okazaki Y, Chew SH, Sakai A, Wang Y, Nagai H, Misawa N, Kohyama N, Toyokuni S

Nagoya journal of medical science Vol. 76 ( 1-2 ) page： 149 - 60 2014.2

RAT MODEL DEMONSTRATES A HIGH RISK OF TREMOLITE BUT A LOW RISK OF ANTHOPHYLLITE FOR MESOTHELIAL CARCINOGENESIS

Aierken Dilinuer, Okazaki Yasumasa, Chew Shan Hwu, Sakai Akihiro, Wang Yue, Nagai Hirotaka, Misawa Nobuaki, Kohyama Norihiko, Toyokuni Shinya

NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol. 76 ( 1-2 ) page： 149 - 160 2014.2

Cancer-promoting role of adipocytes in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis through dysregulated adipocytokine production International journal

Shan Hwu Chew, Yasumasa Okazaki, Hirotaka Nagai, Nobuaki Misawa, Shinya Akatsuka, Kyoko Yamashita, Li Jiang, Yoriko Yamashita, Michio Noguchi, Kiminori Hosoda, Yoshitaka Sekido, Takashi Takahashi, Shinya Toyokuni

CARCINOGENESIS Vol. 35 ( 1 ) page： 164 - 72 2014.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：OXFORD UNIV PRESS

Like many other human cancers, the development of malignant mesothelioma is closely associated with a chronic inflammatory condition. Both macrophages and mesothelial cells play crucial roles in the inflammatory response caused by asbestos exposure. Here, we show that adipocytes can also contribute to asbestos-induced inflammation through dysregulated adipocytokine production. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes prior to use. These cells took up asbestos fibers (chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite) but were more resistant to asbestos-induced injury than macrophages and mesothelial cells. Expression microarray analysis followed by reverse transcriptionPCR revealed that adipocytes respond directly to asbestos exposure with an increased production of proinflammatory adipocytokines [e.g. monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], whereas the production of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines (e.g. adiponectin) is suppressed. This was confirmed in epididymal fat pad of mice after intraperitoneal injection of asbestos fibers. Such dysregulated adipocytokine production favors the establishment of a proinflammatory environment. Furthermore, MCP-1 marginally promoted the growth of MeT-5A mesothelial cells and significantly enhanced the wound healing of Y-MESO-8A and Y-MESO-8D human mesothelioma cells. Our results suggest that increased levels of adipocytokines, such as MCP-1, can potentially contribute to the promotion of mesothelial carcinogenesis through the enhanced recruitment of inflammatory cells as well as a direct growth and migration stimulatory effect on mesothelial and mesothelioma cells. Taken together, our findings support a potential cancer-promoting role of adipocytes in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis.

DOI： 10.1093/carcin/bgt267

Iron overload as a major targetable pathogenesis of asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis. Reviewed International journal

Shinya Toyokuni

Redox report : communications in free radical research Vol. 19 ( 1 ) page： 1 - 7 2014.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：MANEY PUBLISHING

Few people expected that asbestos, a fibrous mineral, would be carcinogenic to humans. In fact, asbestos is a definite carcinogen in humans, causing a rare but aggressive cancer called malignant mesothelioma (MM). Mesothelial cells line the three somatic cavities and thus do not face the outer surface, but reduce the friction among numerous moving organs. MM has several characteristics: extremely long incubation period of 30-40 years after asbestos exposure, difficulty in clinical diagnosis at an early stage, and poor prognosis even under the current multimodal therapies. In Japan, 'Kubota shock' attracted considerable social attention in 2005 for asbestos-induced mesothelioma and, thereafter, the government enacted a law to provide the people suffering from MM a financial allowance. Several lines of recent evidence suggest that the major pathology associated with asbestos-induced MM is local iron overload, associated with asbestos exposure. Preclinical studies to prevent MM after asbestos exposure with iron reduction are in progress. In addition, novel target genes in mesothelial carcinogenesis have been discovered with recently recognized mesothelioma-prone families. Development of an effective preventive strategy is eagerly anticipated

DOI： 10.1179/1351000213Y.0000000075

As a host society to SFRRI 2014 in Kyoto.

Osamu Handa, Yuji Naito, Shinya Toyokuni

Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition Vol. 54 ( 1 ) page： 1 - 1 2014.1

Preclinical evaluation of an O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-siRNA/liposome complex administered by convection-enhanced delivery to rat and porcine brains. Reviewed

Tsujiuchi T, Natsume A, Motomura K, Kondo G, Ranjit M, Hachisu R, Sugimura I, Tomita S, Takehara I, Woolley M, Barua NU, Gill SS, Bienemann AS, Yamashita Y, Toyokuni S, Wakabayashi T.

Am J Transl Res Vol. 15 page： 169-178 2014

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Papers - TOYOKUNI Shinya