Faculty Profiles - NARUSE Ichiro

Sintering characteristics of CaO-rich municipal solid waste incineration fly ash through the addition of Si/Al-rich ash residues

Hu Hong-Yun, Liu Huan, Zhang Qiang, Zhang Ping-An, Li Ai-Jun, Yao Hong, Naruse Ichiro

JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Vol. 18 ( 2 ) page： 340 - 347 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Thermal treatment is a promising technology for the fast disposal of hazardous municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in China. However, fly ash produced in grate incinerator (GFA) is rich in CaO and chlorides, which promote the formation of toxic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and ash agglomeration during the thermal process, inhibiting the thermal disposal of GFA. In this study, sintering characteristics of CaO-rich GFA were improved by adding Si/Al-rich MSWI ash residues. According to the results, ash agglomeration was well suppressed during thermal treatment of the mixed ash. Si/Al/Fe-compounds competed with un-oxidized Cr-compounds to react with CaO and suppressed Cr(VI) formation. Meanwhile, chlorides in GFA facilitated heavy metal volatilization from added ashes to the secondary fly ash, favoring the recovery of these metals. Ca-aluminosilicates was found as the main mineral phase in the thermally treated mixed ash, which has attractive potential for applications. The formation of the aluminosilicates made the heavy metals that remained in the treated mixed ash more stable than the thermally treated single ash.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-014-0341-z

Products of High Temperature Gasification of ABS, PC and PE

NEDJALKOV Ivan, YOSHIIE Ryo, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 58 ( 186 ) page： 234 - 241 2016

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

In this study a series of steam gasification experiments were performed on three thermoplastics - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyethylene (PE), in a batch reactor. The effects of steam flow rate and reactor temperature (600～1000℃.) on the amount of tar, soot and char have been studied. The results were then compared with those of Pyrolysis, from our previous study. In addition time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) analysis was performed to identify the fingerprints of several different tars. It was found out that steam addition has varying effects on each of the studied polymers. It had a positive effect on soot reduction in the case of ABS and PE; tar reduction in PE; and some char reduction in PC. Temperature increase was found to decrease the relative amount of tar while increasing char production. According to the TOF-MS data, the average molecular weight of tar increases with temperature increase.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.58.186_234

Gasification of woody biomass and tar formation/decomposition behaviors in packed bed gasifier

UEKI Yasuaki, YAMADA Atsushi, NUNOME Yoko, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems Vol. 2016.21 ( 0 ) page： E224 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Recently, the issue of global environment becomes worse and it is caused by greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. Woody biomass attracts attention since it is a renewable energy source and carbon-neutral. One of the promising methods for energy conversion from woody biomass is gasification technology. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gasification behavior of woody biomass and formation/decomposition behavior of tar in the packed-bed gasifier. Gasification experiments (downdraft gasification) were carried out by using the packed-bed gasifier. In this study, pellets of black pine were fed intermittently and using air as the gasification agent. In the gasification experiments, the temperature distribution and the gas compositions in the gasifier were measured during gasification, and the amount of tar in the gasified gas was measured.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmepes.2016.21.e224

Waste Lubricant Oil Regeneration by Solvent Extraction with Membrane Separation

Yoshiie Ryo, Kataoka Naoya, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 27 ( 0 ) page： 37 - 43 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Japan generates about 1 million kL of used lubricant oil annually, only 2 % of which is recycled as regenerated oil. The method presented in this report using solvent extraction with membrane separation produces few residual products : only impurities remaining in a membrane rubber bag. For this study, a continuous regeneration system was set up and operated with two waste lubricant oil samples. The oil recovery rate was estimated over time. Oil quality was tested before and after regeneration processing. Sulfur contents, carbon residue, viscosity at 40 °C, carbon number distribution, and water content were analyzed to assess the oil quality. Continuous regeneration up to 15 h was achieved. The regenerated base oil quality was confirmed, showing no degradation during 15 h extraction.

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.27.37

Current Issues of Ash Deposition and Corrosion on Waste-to-Energy Plant

NAGANUMA Hiroshi, SASAKI Yoriaki, NARUSE Ichiro, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NINOMIYA Yoshihiko, CHEN Juan, NOGUCHI Manabu, CHO Hiromitsu

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 95 ( 11 ) page： 1089 - 1104 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Some ash particles in solid wastes adhere on the heat exchanger tube surfaces inside incinerators. The ash deposition may cause such troubles, heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and high temperature corrosion. The authors have conducted the fundamental research for a surface treatment technology, using a thermal spray coating technique to reduce the deposition and the corrosion. First, this paper reviewed the previous studies on the deposition and the corrosion, such as characteristics of wastes, formation of ash and mechanisms in the incinerators. Then, the corrosion mechanisms were reported by means of our analysis and thermo-equilibrium calculations of the interfaces between the tube surface and the deposition. Moreover, the recent countermeasures against the ash deposition and the hot corrosion were reviewed, and their effectiveness and feasibilities were evaluated.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.95.1089

Investigation of initial pyrolysis behaviors in waste incineration processes

IDERA Ryo, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2016.26 ( 0 ) page： 304 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

In order to incinerate heterogeneous fuel such as waste products completely, high excess air ratio was traditionally applied to the burning zone in the incinerator. However, from viewpoints of heat recovery efficiency and flue gas treatment, low excess air ratio at high temperature has been becoming more popular for the waste incinerator year by year. Meanwhile, technologies for NOx emission control should be stricter since high temperature and flame instability under low excess air incineration conditions intend to extend NOx formation. In this study, initial pyrolysis behaviors of wastes in their incineration processes were analyzed to investigate their contributions to NOx formations.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2016.26.304

Use of Soft Plasma Ionization Source at Evacuated Air Atmospheres in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Suppress Fragmentation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Nunome Yoko, Park Hyunkook, Kodama Kenji, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Lee Sang C., Kitagawa Kuniyuki, Wagatsuma Kazuaki, Naruse Ichiro

SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS Vol. 48 ( 6 ) page： 436 - 440 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Spectroscopy Letters

This study describes a measuring system for mass spectrometry, consisting of a glow discharge ionization source for soft plasma ionization and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, to detect toxic volatile organic compounds rapidly and easily. It is the most important to determine how the complicated fragmentation of such compounds can be suppressed to occur so as to recognize the mass spectra of the volatile organic compounds as their fingerprints. The novelty of this work is that the optimal discharge condition for the soft plasma ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometer system could be selected, so that the parent mass peak of analyte molecules could be observed both with high sensitivity and with little or no fragmentation of them. Use of air gas at a pressure of 1000 Pa provided the most favorable result for these criteria, whereas, in a previous report, the soft plasma ionization source operating with argon at a pressure of 346 Pa had yielded additional mass peaks of the fragmented species. The reason for this would be explained by the fact that energetic electrons in the plasma, which principally cause the fragmentation of the volatile organic compounds, have lower number density at higher gas pressures, through de-accelerated collisions with the plasma gas.

DOI： 10.1080/00387010.2014.905962

Conversion Synergies during Steam Co-gasification of Simulated Biomass with Coal

YOSHIIE Ryo, KIHEDU Joseph, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 57 ( 179 ) page： 21 - 26 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

Lignin and cellulose chemicals were used as artificial biomass components to make-up a simulated biomass. Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) as well as volatile matter contents in these chemicals were much different from each other. Co-gasification of coal with simulated biomass shows improved conversion characteristics in comparison to the average calculated from separate conversion of coal and simulated biomass. Two conversion synergetic peaks were observed whereby the first peak occurred around 400 °C while the second one occurred above 800 °C. Although co-gasification of coal with lignin that has high AAEM content also shows two synergy peaks, the one at higher temperature is dominant. Co-gasification of coal with cellulose shows only a single synergy peak around 400 °C indicating that synergy at low temperature is related with interaction of volatiles. Investigation of morphology changes during gasification of lignin and coal, suggests that their low reactivity is associated with their solid shape maintained even at high temperature.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.57.179_21

P-05 Reduction Characteristics of Iron Oxide by Woody Biomass

WAKATA Shunsuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 62 - 63 2014

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The iron making process, especially pig iron making process discharges the huge amount of CO_2 because coke made from coal is used as a reductant. For this reason, steel industry discharges the largest amount of CO_2 and it occupies about 13% in Japanese emission. This paper focused the woody biomass substitute for coke in pig iron making process and studied reduction characteristics of iron oxide when heated iron oxide and woody biomass mixed sample in N_2 atmosphere. In addition, we aim to clarify the reduction characteristics of iron oxide by volatile matters in woody biomass.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_62

Regeneration of Used Alkali Carbonates for Gaseous Sulfur Removal in a Gasification System

Raharjo Slamet, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS Vol. 27 ( 5 ) page： 2762 - 2766 2013.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Energy and Fuels

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is expected to play an important role as one of a number of highly efficient conversion technologies for carbonaceous resources. However, it is vital to remove as much H 2S and COS as possible. Our previous study suggested that the molten alkali carbonates of 43 mol of Na2CO3 + 57 mol of K 2CO3 can completely adsorb them at 1173 K to form alkali sulfides. Furthermore, to enhance the overall efficiency in the gasification system, the regeneration characteristics of the used alkali carbonates should be studied. Therefore, the current study works on that issue. The optimum regeneration condition for experiments was estimated by chemical equilibrium software, FactSage 6.2, prior to the regeneration experiments. Chemical equilibrium calculations suggested that a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam could regenerate the used alkali carbonates. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated tube reactor using a mixture of CO2 and steam as the regeneration agent. As a result, the remaining sulfur in solid after regeneration experiments was around 5 mass % of the total sulfur content in the raw sample at an optimum temperature range of 650-773 K. It is expected that around 95% of alkali sulfides was converted back to alkali carbonates. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ef400219q

Reduction mechanisms of ash deposition in coal and/or biomass combustion boilers

Naganuma Hiroshi, Ikeda Nobuya, Ito Tadashi, Matsuura Mikio, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL Vol. 106 page： 303 - 309 2013.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Fuel

Some ash particles in solid fuels adhere on heat exchanger tube surfaces inside coal and/or biomass combustion boilers. The authors have already proposed a surface treatment on tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, to reduce ash deposition. Understanding reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition is necessary to evaluate effects of the surface treatment technique on the reduction of ash deposition. The reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition were elucidated due to physical and chemical aspects, measuring adhesion forces between the ash particles and some alloy specimens of the tube at high temperature under the simulated boiler conditions. As a result, the adhesion force increased with time and depended on both the ash types and the alloy specimens. The thermal spraying of Ni-alloy, in particular, could reduce the adhesion force. Moreover interface reactions between the ash particles and the alloy specimen played an effective role in increasing the adhesion force, alkali metal compounds in the ash samples also related to an increase of the adhesion force. Fe, which was one of the main alloy elements, diffused into the ash deposition layer beyond the interface. This observation result suggested that the interface reactions of the ash particles with the alloy caused an increase of the adhesion force. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.017

Reaction behavior during heating biomass materials and iron oxide composites

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ohno Ko-ichiro, Maeda Takayuki, Nishioka Kold, Shimizu Masakata

FUEL Vol. 104 page： 58 - 61 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Fuel

Effective utilization of biomass materials as a reducing agent in the ironmaking process is one of the key technologies for environmental protection. In this work, in order to study the possibility of effective use of woody biomass as a reducing agent in the carbon composite method, we carried out experiments of the thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of mixture of woody powder and iron oxide. Conversion ratio into H2 from woody powder was almost the same between thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of the mixture sample. Conversion ratio into CO by reduction was larger than that by thermal decomposition. The final reduction degrees of mixture samples at the temperature from 1273 to 1573 K were 100%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.019

The mechanism of gravity shedding of ash deposits in coal fired boiler

Sato N., Ueno S., Aramaki H., Nunome Y., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I.

30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013 Vol. 5 page： 4053 - 4060 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the gravity shedding mechanisms of ash deposits experimentally. A horizontal furnace, which could simulate the temperature profile in practical boilers, was used in this experiment. The pulverized coal was burned in this furnace. The typical bituminous coal was selected as a sample coal. The gravity shedding of ash deposits was observed, inserting a water-cooling tube into the furnace during combustion. After the experiments, the cross-sectional surface of the water-cooling tube was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscopy. The ash deposits before shedding were found to be between 2 and 3 mm thick. The ash deposits near the metal surface consisted of ash particles, while the surface of the ash deposits partly consisted of lightly sintered ash particles. After shedding, the remaining ash layer was found to be 500 μm thick on the tube surface.

Regeneration of waste lubricant oil by solvent extraction with membrane separation

Kataoka Naoya, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki, Nunome Yoko

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 24 ( 0 ) page： 355 2013

Development of Reduction Technology of Ash Deposit in Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers(Session 1)

NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 22 ( 0 ) page： vi - vii 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In order to enhance net power generation efficiency obtained by pulverized coal fired boilers more, it is necessary to fundamentally develop reduction technologies of ash deposit during operation. The thermal coating technology on surfaces of heat exchanger tubes was applied to reduce the ash deposit during coal combustion in this study. Such several tests as the ash melting experiments at high temperature, the deposition experiments of ash particles and the measurements of deposition force after long-term keeping under the simulated boiler condition were carried out. Consequently, the Ni alloy specimen was selected as the best coating material to control the ash deposit. Finally, that coating material was also tested in practical boilers and showed the good performance on the reduction of ash deposit.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_vi

Clean Technologies for Solid Fuels

NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 55 ( 172 ) page： 87 - 93 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

According to the supply trend of primary energy resources, the resources of such fossil fuels as oil, natural gas and coal have still been consumed steadily worldwide. Among those fossil fuels, the coal resource has the highest ratio of reserves to production. On the other hand, the global environmental issues have strongly been focused recently. In these points of view, the coal must be utilized efficiently and ecologically as well as carbon neutral resources like biomass and solid wastes should also be utilized more effectively. The coal, biomass and solid wastes are generally categorized as solid fuel. Even for the biomass, it is necessary to convert it high-efficiently and environment-friendly. However, those solid fuels have not only their own structural difficulties, but also compositional diversity. In order to solve those difficulties, the harmonization between the theory or model and the social needs is necessary, and the interdisciplinary cooperation will also be effective.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.55.172_87

Volatilization characteristics of boron compounds during coal combustion

Noda Naoki, Ito Shigeo, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Vol. 34 ( 2 ) page： 2831 - 2838 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

Boron behavior during coal combustion was studied experimentally and theoretically. Seven types of coal with different boron concentrations were pyrolyzed or burned, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In order to understand the effect of coal type on the boron component of ash, chemical equilibrium calculations were made to determine which boron compounds contributed to forming the boron compounds found in the ash particles. Additionally, XAFS analyses were also carried out to evaluate the results obtained by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Some boron compounds in coal were volatilized, and others remained in the molten coal ash after combustion. Both the chemical equilibrium calculations of the boron compounds under the combustion condition and the boron analysis of the ash particles by the XAFS suggested that the boron compound contained in the ash was mainly B 2O3. The boron compounds were concentrated in the molten slag during combustion. The enrichment of boron into the ash as particles was related to the amount of slag formed. The index, (Base/Acid ratio) × (Ash content), correlates well with the volatilization fraction of boron even in the actual power plants. © 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.018