Faculty Profiles - NARUSE Ichiro

Reduction Characteristics of Iron Oxide using Carbonaceous Materials Derived from Wastes

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 33 ( 0 ) page： 11 - 17 2022

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

CO2 emissions from ironmaking processes should be reduced to avoid global warming. One promising solution is the effective utilization of organic waste materials in ironmaking processes. In this study, fundamental research on the application of organic waste materials, carbonized municipal waste (CMW) and carbonized woody biomass (CWB), as reducing agents was conducted experimentally to make metal iron from iron oxide. In the reduction experiments of the mixture of iron oxide (Fe2O3) with reducing agents (CMW, CWB, coal and graphite), metal iron was obtained with CMW and CWB. This is because the reactivity of fixed carbon in CMW and CWB is higher than that in coal and graphite. As a result, CMW and CWB are usable as reducing agents to make reduced iron.

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.11

Degradation Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with Trace Hydrocarbons

ZHANG Hui, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 100 ( 9 ) page： 169 - 176 2021.9

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The effects of hydrocarbon-contained in fuel gas on SOFC with Ni-YSZ as anode are evaluated in this study. Low concentration of toluene was mixed with 96.9％ hydrogen and 3.1％ steam to simulate bio-syngas, corresponding to current developments of biomass gasification technology. Power generation performance was investigated under Galvano-static-mode with toluene concentrations from 0 mg/Nm3 to 1900 mg/Nm3 at 850 °C for 30 hours. Impedance spectroscopy under OCV conditions was also conducted to assess SOFC’s internal resistance. As the result, SOFC shows a good stability and generation performance without toluene exposure. However, the voltage decreases even under a low concentration of 380 mg/Nm3 while keeping current density constant at 200 mA/cm2. Furthermore, this degradation tends to be serious as concentration of toluene increases. Dramatic voltage drop and visible carbon deposition should not be insignificant when toluene’s concentration was 1900 mg/Nm3. This performance loss seems to be recovered to a certain extent without serious structure destruction on anode.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.100.169

Degradation Behavior of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) with Trace Hydrocarbons

Zhang Hui, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki

JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF ENERGY Vol. 100 ( 9 ) page： 169 - 176 2021.9

3-1-3　Effect of Temperature and Gasifying Agents on the Gasification Behavior of Biomass Char

WANG Yuxin, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 38 - 39 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In recent years, biomass gasification technology has been attracting more and more attention as an environmentally friendly biomass conversion technology. Biomass char gasification is the most important step of the overall operation of biomass gasification. The char gasification reaction is the limiting step in the global gasification reaction and is of major importance in designing biomass gasifier. In this study, biomass char gasification experiments in H2O, CO2 and their mixtures were carried out in a batch type vertical tube furnace. The gasification characteristics and temperature dependence of biomass char in various gasifying agents were experimentally investigated. We also studied the mixed atmosphere gasification and found the char reactivity in a mixed atmosphere of steam and carbon dioxide can be expressed as the sum of the individual reactivity obtained in single atmosphere gasification experiments.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.30.0_38

5-1-1　Formations of environmental pollutants from oxy-coal combustion in fluidized bed

Yamanaka Kento, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 30 ( 0 ) page： 122 - 123 2021.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Oxy-fuel combustion has drawn attention all over the world as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). This technology enriches CO2 in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with adding pure oxygen to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO2 for CCS. Meanwhile, bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) combustion has advantages of high combustion efficiency due to its homogeneous particle mixing and temperature. However, there are few studies of BFB boiler with oxy-fuel combustion system focusing on the formation mechanism of sulfur oxides such as SO2 and SO3. In this study, we focused on the mechanism of sulfur oxides formation under oxy-fuel BFB combustion. We conducted lab-scale BFB coal combustion experiment under air, CO2-O2, and oxy-fuel conditions, and measured SO2, SO3 and NO emissions in flue gas. Then, we compare the formation behaviors and reaction mechanisms of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxide under those three atmospheres.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.30.0_122

O-08　Combustion Behaviors of Biomass in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed

KATO Koki, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, NARUKAWA Kimihito, NAKAMURA Hideki

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 16 ( 0 ) page： 19 - 20 2021.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Woody biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy to fossil fuels. The use of woody biomass is expected to expand in the future. In order to use biomass efficiently as a fuel, it is necessary to clarify its combustion characteristics. Therefore, in this study, in order to clarify the combustion characteristics of biomass, a biomass combustion experiment was conducted using a bubble fluidized bed. Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) was used as an experimental sample. The effect of temperature on the combustion behaviors of biomass was experimentally considered.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.16.0_19

O-09　Ash Deposition Behaviors in Biomass Fired Boiler

YAMASHITA Tatsuya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, SATO Naoki

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 16 ( 0 ) page： 21 - 22 2021.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Operational problems in biomass-fired boilers include ash deposition to heat transfer tubes and corrosion of heat transfer tubes. Therefore, in this study, we focused on potassium compounds in biomass and conducted an ash deposition experiment using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In the experiment, potassium-containing mineral (K-feldspar) was used as simulated ash. The amount of ash deposition in various atmospheres was measured. The cross section of samples was observed and analyzed by SEM-EDX, and the atmosphere dependence of the ash deposition characteristics was experimentally considered.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.16.0_21

Tar generation and decomposition in downdraft packed bed reactor for woody biomass gasification

YOSHIIE Ryo, YAMADA Atsushi, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of Thermal Science and Technology Vol. 16 ( 3 ) page： JTST0034 - JTST0034 2021

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers and The Heat Transfer Society of Japan

When the biomass gasifier is connected with a gas engine system directly, tar should be removed from the syngas to prevent the engine from breaking down. A downdraft packed bed gasifier has the advantage for low tar emission because the syngas passes through the char gasification zone downstream of the reactor, where tar compounds can be trapped and decomposed. Then, objective of this study is to confirm the tar decomposition behaviors inside the downdraft packed bed reactor. Woody biomass gasification experiments were carried out, using an auto-thermal downdraft packed bed gasifier. The reactor’s height and inner diameter were 1000mm and 100mm, respectively. Black pine pallets were continuously fed into the reactor from the top. The gasifying agent was air, which was introduced into the reactor at the air-fuel equivalent ratio of 0.49. The packed bed height was kept to be constant at 600mm. The reactor has eleven thermo-couples and eleven sampling ports at the wall along the flow direction. They were used for measurements of temperature profiles and gas compositions in the reactor. Micro-GC was used for the measurement of N2, O2, CO, CO2 and H2, and FIDGC was used for other hydrocarbons. In some ports among them, tar in syngas was also sampled via dichloromethane scrubbing in ice-bath, and analyzed for molecular weight distributions of tar compounds by TOF-MS. As a result, tar and larger hydrocarbons were confirmed to be generated in the upstream, and then decomposed downstream inside the downdraft reactor.

DOI： 10.1299/jtst.2021jtst0034

Fundamental combustion behaviors of dried sewage sludge

Absorption characteristics of mercury in exhaust gas by denitration catalyst

Nakayama Kota, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 32 ( 0 ) page： 409 2021

YOSHIIE Ryo, KOBAYASHI Kazushi, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, KAWAI Takuya, ENDO Masato

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2021.31 ( 0 ) page： 309 2021

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

It is important to use combustible waste products as sustainable energy resources for reducing the usage of fossil fuels. One of the simplest ways to do that is the thermal recycling, in which waste products are burned in boilers to drive steam turbines and so on. To design boilers with high efficiencies and low environmental impacts, the residence time for char burnout in combustion zone should be appropriately estimated for each solid fuel. Sewage sludge accounts for 20% of industrial waste products discharged in Japan, although the large part of it is just incinerated without thermal recycling. Then, the objective in this study is to investigate fundamental combustion behaviors of sewage sludge as a solid fuel, in particular, to estimate char burnout in sewage sludge combustion, compared with other solid fuels like woody biomass. Thermo-gravimetrical analysis was combined with iso-thermal combustion experiments of dried sewage sludge samples. Effects of temperature and oxygen concentration were examined, and experimental results were analyzed based on reaction kinetics.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2021.31.309

Recent progress in tar removal by char and the applications: A comprehensive analysis

Combustion rate analysis of woody biomass including volatile matter and fixed carbon

Mizoguchi Soki, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 32 ( 0 ) page： 251 2021

Zeng X., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I., Wang F., Han Z., Xu G.

Carbon Resources Conversion Vol. 3 page： 1 - 18 2020.1

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Carbon Resources Conversion

Tar catalytic removal by char is a promising technology for gasification process because of its porous structure, good catalytic activity, low cost, and easy to treatment after deactivation. To provide comprehensive information on the tar catalytic removal by char, this study focuses on the ongoing efforts and advances from fundamental researches to the industrial applications. The tar removal efficiency by char much depends on reaction conditions and char property, such as char origin, porous structure, the functional group on char surface, carbon structure, and AAEM components. The typical reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism, and the deactivation, will be introduced. Then, for the different gasification processes, the potential or typical applications of tar removal by char are discussed and compared. Finally, a comprehensive analysis and improvement in scaling up, commercializing tar removal technologies and integrating the gasification process, are also evaluated and analyzed in this review.

DOI： 10.1016/j.crcon.2019.12.001

Effects of Temperature and Oxygen Partial Pressure on Combustion Behavior of Sewage Sludge Char

Kazushi Kobayashi, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse, takuta Kawai

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 31 ( 0 ) page： 227 2020

Effects of gas compositions on NOx formation during char combustion in waste incineration

YOSHIIE Ryo, TSUKAMOTO Kazutaka, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, USUKI Taichi, DENDA Tomohiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2020.30 ( 0 ) page： 304 2020

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

An incineration process is the most dominant method of the waste disposal in Japan. A stoker furnace incinerator is widely used for the waste incineration. In the stoker furnace incinerator, waste products can be sufficiently stirred and burned completely. Recently, low air ratio and high temperature incineration have been applied to the stoke furnace incinerator to improve efficiencies of power generations. However, they result in the increase in the amount of air pollutant NOx due to their higher flame temperatures. In addition, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system, which is also applied into advanced incinerators, makes the NOx formation more complicated. In this research, NOx and other gaseous emissions from RDF char combustion were experimentally analyzed, investigating effects of exhaust gas compositions on NOx formations.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2020.30.304

O-17　Biomass Gasification in Oxygen-enriched Air with Packed Bed Gasifier

ODA Masaya, Shirato Daisuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 15 ( 0 ) page： 31 - 32 2019.12

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In recent years, biomass gasification processes are attracting attention to produce renewable gaseous fuels. However, it is difficult to use raw biomass because it has low heating values. So, we considered the introduction of oxygen enriched air. By supplying oxygen-enriched air, the heat loss due to water evaporation can be compensated. It is considered that partial combustion of the fuel can be promoted and sufficient heat can be obtained. In the experiments, we used a packed bed gasifier. This gasifier is small in size and suitable for small-scale distributed utilization of biomass. From the experimental results, it was found that even if moisture content of the wet biomass is high, the gasification of the biomass is possible by increasing the oxygen concentration of the gasifying agent. The syngas contained more H2 and CO compared with normal biomass gasification.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.15.0_31

P-3-2 Elucidation of gasification behavior of various biomass

SHIRATO Daisuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 248 - 249 2019.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In recent years, due to problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming, biomass has attracted attention as an alternative energy source. So we focused on biomass gasification. In this study, gasification experiments of three types of biomass are conducted as preliminary experiments of gasification by packed bed gasifier. Assuming that the gas produced when each sample burns completely is assumed as a gasifying agent, the mass loss and gas yield of the sample during gasification were measured.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_248

P-3-9 Effect of mixing various biomasses on combustion behaviors of biomass

KATO Koki, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, NARUKAWA Kimihito, MORII Kazuhiko

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 262 - 263 2019.7

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Biomass is attracting attention as an alternative energy of fossil fuel. It is expected that the use of woody biomass will increase in the future. In order to use biomass efficiently as fuel, it is necessary to clarify its combustion characteristics. So, in this study, in order to clarify the combustion characteristic of biomass, pyrolysis and combustion experiment during the temperature rising process of two kinds of biomass were conducted by using the thermogravimetric analyzer. Two kinds of woody biomass were used as experimental samples. The effects of mixing each biomass on the combustion behavior of woody biomass were discussed.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_262

Oxygen chemisorption of sub-bituminous coal at temperature

Yoshiie R., Ueki Y., Naruse I.

12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019 2019

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019

The effective utilization of sub-bituminous coals has been extended as an energy source for power generation because of their low cost and long minable years. However, sub-bituminous coal may undergo spontaneous combustion owing to high reactivity with oxygen in low-temperature air compared with bituminous coal. Therefore, the objective of this study is to elucidate the low-temperature oxidation behaviors of sub-bituminous coal. In particular, transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation of sub-bituminous coal has been experimentally examined in detail. Isothermal gravimetric analyses are conducted for several bituminous and sub-bituminous coal samples at temperatures varying between 356 K and 476 K in oxygen-enriched air. The chemical compositions of emission gas are continuously monitored under low-temperature oxidation conditions. The experimental results show that the mass of all tested coals, including those of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals, increases at temperatures below 426 K as a result of oxygen chemisorption. At 476 K, the mass of sub-bituminous coal increases slightly with low H2 and CO2 emissions at the beginning and subsequently decreases with high CO and CO2 emissions. This mass change indicates that the transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation occurs during this period.

High efficiency operation by biomass gasification gas dilution spark ignition engine

CHINO Mitsuki, KUBO Naoki, KOBAYASHI Jun, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan Vol. 2019 ( 0 ) page： J07108P 2019

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Low temperature combustion due to dilution of intake air using inert gas is one of the effective methods for heat loss reduction of the engine. However, the combustion velocity almost decreases due to high dilution and that is the reason why a misfire occurs. To prevent the misfire due to reduction of the combustion velocity, application of a biomass gasified gas containing both hydrogen and inert gas to dilution was proposed. Dilution gas in which hydrogen was added to the inert gas was introduced into the engine. And it was suggested that the efficiency be improved.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmemecj.2019.j07108p

NOx formation behaviors in char combustion of waste incineration process

TSUKAMOTO Kazutaka, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki, DENDA Tomohiro, USUKI Taichi

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2019.29 ( 0 ) page： J206 2019

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

An incineration process is the most dominant method of the waste disposal in Japan. A stoker furnace is widely used for the waste incineration. Recently, in the stoker furnace, low air ratio and high temperature incineration have been applied increasingly. However, they result in the increase in the amount of air pollutant NOx generated due to flame instability. Especially, it is difficult to control NOx production in char combustion. In this research, in order to evaluate the NOx generation mechanisms in char combustion of waste incineration process, RDF char burning experiments were carried out, investigating the combustion behaviors and exhaust gas compositions. The incineration experiments were conducted at different temperatures and gas conditions such as O2, CO2, steam, EGR(Exhaust gas recirculation). The char-NOx production behavior showed different behaviors depending on experiment conditions. In particular at the steam gas and EGR conditions, the char-NOx concentration was very high due to the steam gas shift reaction.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2019.29.j206

Combustion Technologies of Wastes as One of Local Energy Resources

NARUSE Ichiro

Nihon Enerugii Gakkai Kikanshi Enermix Vol. 97 ( 6 ) page： 623 - 630 2018.11

Synergistic effect of thermal cracking/partial oxidation/catalytic reforming by char on tar removal in a fluidized bed two-stage gasification process of industrial biomass

Ueki Yasuaki, Zeng Xi, Naruse Ichiro, Yoshiie Ryo, Han Zhennan, Xu Guangwen

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 29 ( 0 ) page： 597 2018

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Industrial biomass is the byproduct of light-industry, such as spirit lees, herb residue, bagasse and so on. It is not only a kind of biomass resource, but also a serious environmental pollution source. Gasification is promising and attractive because of cleanness, high efficiency and large treating capacity. However, due to high content of moisture, nitrogen, and organic residue, the existing direct gasification process faces challenges, such as low efficiency, large temperature fluctuation and high tar content in fuel gas. So, innovating gasification process and reactor structure become essential and necessary. In this study, a new fluidized bed two-stage (FBTS) gasification process, mainly consisting of a fluidized bed (FB) pyrolyzer and a transport fluidized bed (TFB) gasifier, has been proposed by the Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This process decouples direct gasification process into two sub-processes, namely feedstock pyrolysis and char gasification. Depending on thermal cracking, partial oxidation and catalytic reforming by char, the produced tar will be removed to a very low level. To research and develop the FBTS gasification process successfully, the synergistic effect of thermal cracking, partial oxidation and catalytic reforming by char was examined systematically on a laboratory FBTS reaction apparatus.

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_597

Oxidation and Capture Mechanism of Mercury by the De-NOx Catalyst

YOSHIIE Ryo, SAKAIDA Masaya, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch Vol. 2018.67 ( 0 ) page： 528 2018

Oxidation, Absorption and Desorption Mechanisms of Mercury by the De-NOx Catalyst

YOSHIIE Ryo, SAKAIDA Masaya, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2018.28 ( 0 ) page： 307 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

The Minamata Convention on Mercury was adopted in 2013, and regulations on mercury emissions are becoming stricter all over the world. Coal combustion is one of the major mercury emission sources. The majority of mercury emissions from coal combustion is in elemental mercury. This is because elemental mercury is water-insoluble, although oxidized mercury is water-soluble and easily captured by wet scrubbing systems. In this study, we expected the De-NOx catalyst to have a mercury oxidation/capture performance and conducted mercury oxidation/capture experiment using the De-NOx catalyst as a sorbent. In the result, when HCl existed in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst oxidized all of vapor mercury. On the other hand, when HCl existed in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst showed high mercury capture performance. Furthermore, De-NOx catalyst maintained high mercury capture performance at a high temperature (743 K)

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2018.28.307

Elucidation of the NOx generation in waste incineration processes

Tsukamoto Kazutaka, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki, denda Tomohiro, Usuki Taichi

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 29 ( 0 ) page： 309 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

An incineration process is the most dominant method of the waste disposal in Japan. A stoker furnace is widely used for the waste incineration. Recently, in the stoker furnace, low air ratio and high temperature incineration have been applied increasingly. However, they result in the increase in the amount of air pollutant NOx and greenhouse gas N2O generated due to flame instability. In this research, in order to clarify the NOx generation mechanisms in the waste incineration, RDF burning experiments were carried out, investigating the combustion behaviors and exhaust gas compositions. Mass reduction of RDF proceeded faster with higher temperature. NOx concentration in exhaust gas was found to decrease with increase in temperature. It might result from the strong reduction atmosphere generated around RDF fuel. In addition, RDF burning simulation was carried out, using elemental reaction kinetics. It was found that most of HCN and NH3 at high temperature was converted to NO, N2O and N2.

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_309

Examination of the Reduced Reaction Mechanism for NOx Concentration Prediction in a Waste Incinerator

Denda Tomohiro, Usuki Taichi, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 29 ( 0 ) page： 301 2018

Examination of the Reduced Reaction Mechanism for NOx Concentration Prediction in a Waste Incinerator

DENDA Tomohiro, USUKI Taichi, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUASE Ichiro

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2018.28 ( 0 ) page： 205 2018

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

We have developed the technique of numerical simulation which uses the reduced reaction mechanism to predict the combustion behavior in a waste incinerator. In this paper, we newly made the reduced reaction mechanism “N916” (34 species, 76 reactions) for NOx concentration prediction by benchmarking GRI-Mech3.0 (50 species, 326 reactions) which is the typical combustion reaction mechanism. In order to examine the precision of N916, we calculated temperature and NOx concentration distribution in two-dimensional diffusion flame by using N916 and GRI-Mech3.0. The results showed that temperature and NOx concentration distributions were similar and the rate of divergence of NOx concentration value on center axis in the flame was almost 10%. There is a possibility that N916 is able to be used as the substitution for GRI-Mech3.0 in numerical simulation.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2018.28.205

P-1-2 Modeling of coalescence and detachment behaviors of ash particle in pulverized coal combustion

Contacts with “Funryu”

NARUSE Ichiro

Nihon Enerugii Gakkai Kikanshi Enermix Vol. 96 ( 3 ) page： 234 2017

MATSUYAMA Tatsuya, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 256 - 257 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

One of major problems in pulverized coal combustion process is ash deposition which causes corrosion of the heat transfer tube, decrease in the heat exchange rate, blockage of the gas flow path, etc. The properties of ash particle such as particle number, particle diameter and elemental composition are very important factors to predict and control such ash deposition phenomena. Moreover, it is also important to distinguish whether an ash particle is Included Mineral (IM) or Excluded Mineral (EM). In this study, we made the models of single pulverized coal particle in combustion process using the CCSEM data of different carbon conversion and coal types gotten by DTF experiment in authors’ previous study and evaluated properties of ash particles through the simulation.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_256

P-7-10 Oxidation and Capture Mechanism of Mercury by the De-NOx Catalyst

SAKAIDA Masaya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichoro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 336 - 337 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The Minamata Convention on Mercury was adopted in 2013, and regulations on mercury emissions are becoming stricter all over the world. Coal combustion is one of the major mercury emission sources. The majority of mercury emissions from coal combustion is an elemental mercury. This is because oxidized mercury is water-soluble, but on the other hand elemental mercury is water-insoluble. In this study, we expected the De-NOx catalyst to have a mercury oxidation/capture performance and conducted mercury oxidation/capture experiment using the De-NOx catalyst as a sorbent. In the result, when HCl is present in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst oxidized mercury and when HCl is not present in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst showed high mercury capture performance. Furthermore, De-NOx catalyst maintained high mercury capture performance at a high temperature (743 K)

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_336

P-5-4 Behavior of pyrolysis and steam gasification of various plastics

MATSUNAGA Shimpei, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichoro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 308 - 309 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Among various recovery processes from waste plastics, the gasification with steam addition is one of the promising technologies to reduce unwanted tar and increase the conversion to syngas. In this study, batch furnace experiments of pyrolysis and steam gasification were conducted on three kinds of plastics. Gas, tar and soot and generation behaviors were examined in them. Granular samples of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PC (polycarbonate) and PE (polyethylene) were used as simulated waste plastics. All experiments were duplicated using different sampling trains for gas collections and tar collections. Nitrogen gas was fed into the furnace to achieve an inert atmosphere, and the temperature was raised to 973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K, respectively. 1.2 g of the sample was inserted into the furnace. In the steam gasification experiment, water vapor was entrained by the nitrogen.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_308

P-1-4 Concentrations of trace elements in particles with their diameter during coal gasification process

ATSUMI Shota, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 260 - 261 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In this study, we conducted coal gasification experiments by electrical drop tube furnace. In the experiments, we used Low Pressure Impactor (LPI) for the particle sampling in different particle size. Captured particles are dissolved in the acid on each particle size and the trace element concentrations of the solutions in the particles are analyzed by ICP-AES. For the consideration of the result of the experiments, we conducted thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Calculation results support to investigate the chemical compounds of trace elements in the gasification atmosphere.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_260

P-1-3 SOx Emission from Oxy-fuel Coal Combustion in a Fluidized Bed

ASAI Ryosuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 258 - 259 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Oxy-fuel coal combustion has drawn attention in the world as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). It is a technology to enrich CO2 in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with additional pure O2 to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO2 downstream. Meanwhile, bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion has advantages of direct de-sulfurization in bed material and reduction of thermal NOX in low combustion temperature. However, there are few studies of oxy-coal fluidized bed combustion including emission behaviors of SOx and NOx. In particular, SO3 is of special concern, because the elevated SO2 and H2O concentrations in boiler by the flue gas recirculation may promote the formation of SO3. Objectives of this study are to understand SOx emission behaviors during the oxy-coal fluidized bed combustion under the actual flue gas recirculation condition, compared with those under the air and CO2-O2 combustion conditions.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_258

Research on Elucidation of Reaction, Pollutants and Ash Behaviors during Solid Fuel Combustion and Gasification

NARUSE Ichiro

Nihon Enerugii Gakkai Kikanshi Enermix Vol. 96 ( 3 ) page： 236 - 241 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Both resources and environmental controls have globally become obvious. Although alternative energy resources should be utilized more and more, it is also necessary to enhance efficient and ecological use of fossil fuels, which have undertaken basis of global energy society. As coal is one of the even-distributed and reasonable fossil fuels worldwide, huge amount of coal has been consumed in economically developed countries, such rising countries as China and India and economically developing countries. As a result, not only tightness of the coal supply, but also increase of load of the global environment have worried in the near future. From the present viewpoint and the future trend, coal must utilize efficiently and ecologically, and another solid fuels, including biomass and solid wastes, must also be recognized as one of the alternative ones. Additionally, development of both the global, ecological and efficient utilization technologies for those solid fuels and the core and component technologies to support them as well as the academic studies to elucidate the mechanisms in the phenomena occurring have been much more important in the near future to sustain the basis of global energy society.

DOI： 10.20550/jieenermix.96.3_236

Oxidation and capture characteristics of mercury in coal combustion exhaust gas

Sakaida Masaya, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 323 2017

Evaluation of pyrolysis and gasification behaviors of waste plastics

Matsunaga Shimpei, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 301 2017

Fundamental Combustion Behaviors of Solid Industrial Wastes

ASAI Toshihiko, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, TERASAKI Junichi, UENO Naoki

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 96 ( 6 ) page： 167 - 175 2017

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

To elucidate fundamental combustion behaviors of some solid combustible wastes, the isothermal combustion experiments are carried out, using an electrically heated vertical batch furnace. The effects of the furnace temperature and the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction atmosphere on the combustion behaviors are studied experimentally and kinetically. Comparing the experimental results obtained with the kinetic modelling results, the most optimum kinetic model is proposed for all of the samples employed, and the detail combustion mechanisms are also elucidated quantitatively. As a result, the completion period of the overall combustion decreases with increases of both the furnace temperature and the oxygen partial pressure. The evolution period of volatile matter (VM) is reduced in order from the bituminous coal, the oil coke to the waste plastic of composite materials. While, the reaction period by 95 % of the conversion is shorten in order from the oil coke, the waste plastic of composite materials and the bituminous coal. The reaction model for the oil coke is revealed as the parallel model of the volumetric model with the grain model. For both the waste plastic of composite materials and the bituminous coal, the parallel model the volumetric model of with the pore model agrees well with the respective experimental results. The activation energy of the fixed carbon (FC) combustion for the oil coke is the largest of the three. The activation energy for the waste plastic of composite material is almost the same as that for the bituminous coal. The reaction orders of the oxygen partial pressure for the VM evolution and the FC combustion become almost 0 and 1 for all of the samples, respectively.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.96.167

Sintering characteristics of CaO-rich municipal solid waste incineration fly ash through the addition of Si/Al-rich ash residues

Hu Hong-Yun, Liu Huan, Zhang Qiang, Zhang Ping-An, Li Ai-Jun, Yao Hong, Naruse Ichiro

JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Vol. 18 ( 2 ) page： 340 - 347 2016.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Thermal treatment is a promising technology for the fast disposal of hazardous municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in China. However, fly ash produced in grate incinerator (GFA) is rich in CaO and chlorides, which promote the formation of toxic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and ash agglomeration during the thermal process, inhibiting the thermal disposal of GFA. In this study, sintering characteristics of CaO-rich GFA were improved by adding Si/Al-rich MSWI ash residues. According to the results, ash agglomeration was well suppressed during thermal treatment of the mixed ash. Si/Al/Fe-compounds competed with un-oxidized Cr-compounds to react with CaO and suppressed Cr(VI) formation. Meanwhile, chlorides in GFA facilitated heavy metal volatilization from added ashes to the secondary fly ash, favoring the recovery of these metals. Ca-aluminosilicates was found as the main mineral phase in the thermally treated mixed ash, which has attractive potential for applications. The formation of the aluminosilicates made the heavy metals that remained in the treated mixed ash more stable than the thermally treated single ash.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-014-0341-z

Products of High Temperature Gasification of ABS, PC and PE

NEDJALKOV Ivan, YOSHIIE Ryo, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 58 ( 186 ) page： 234 - 241 2016

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

In this study a series of steam gasification experiments were performed on three thermoplastics - Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polycarbonate (PC) and Polyethylene (PE), in a batch reactor. The effects of steam flow rate and reactor temperature (600～1000℃.) on the amount of tar, soot and char have been studied. The results were then compared with those of Pyrolysis, from our previous study. In addition time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) analysis was performed to identify the fingerprints of several different tars. It was found out that steam addition has varying effects on each of the studied polymers. It had a positive effect on soot reduction in the case of ABS and PE; tar reduction in PE; and some char reduction in PC. Temperature increase was found to decrease the relative amount of tar while increasing char production. According to the TOF-MS data, the average molecular weight of tar increases with temperature increase.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.58.186_234

Gasification of woody biomass and tar formation/decomposition behaviors in packed bed gasifier

UEKI Yasuaki, YAMADA Atsushi, NUNOME Yoko, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems Vol. 2016.21 ( 0 ) page： E224 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Recently, the issue of global environment becomes worse and it is caused by greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide. Woody biomass attracts attention since it is a renewable energy source and carbon-neutral. One of the promising methods for energy conversion from woody biomass is gasification technology. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gasification behavior of woody biomass and formation/decomposition behavior of tar in the packed-bed gasifier. Gasification experiments (downdraft gasification) were carried out by using the packed-bed gasifier. In this study, pellets of black pine were fed intermittently and using air as the gasification agent. In the gasification experiments, the temperature distribution and the gas compositions in the gasifier were measured during gasification, and the amount of tar in the gasified gas was measured.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmepes.2016.21.e224

Waste Lubricant Oil Regeneration by Solvent Extraction with Membrane Separation

Yoshiie Ryo, Kataoka Naoya, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 27 ( 0 ) page： 37 - 43 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Japan generates about 1 million kL of used lubricant oil annually, only 2 % of which is recycled as regenerated oil. The method presented in this report using solvent extraction with membrane separation produces few residual products : only impurities remaining in a membrane rubber bag. For this study, a continuous regeneration system was set up and operated with two waste lubricant oil samples. The oil recovery rate was estimated over time. Oil quality was tested before and after regeneration processing. Sulfur contents, carbon residue, viscosity at 40 °C, carbon number distribution, and water content were analyzed to assess the oil quality. Continuous regeneration up to 15 h was achieved. The regenerated base oil quality was confirmed, showing no degradation during 15 h extraction.

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.27.37

Current Issues of Ash Deposition and Corrosion on Waste-to-Energy Plant

NAGANUMA Hiroshi, SASAKI Yoriaki, NARUSE Ichiro, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NINOMIYA Yoshihiko, CHEN Juan, NOGUCHI Manabu, CHO Hiromitsu

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 95 ( 11 ) page： 1089 - 1104 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Some ash particles in solid wastes adhere on the heat exchanger tube surfaces inside incinerators. The ash deposition may cause such troubles, heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and high temperature corrosion. The authors have conducted the fundamental research for a surface treatment technology, using a thermal spray coating technique to reduce the deposition and the corrosion. First, this paper reviewed the previous studies on the deposition and the corrosion, such as characteristics of wastes, formation of ash and mechanisms in the incinerators. Then, the corrosion mechanisms were reported by means of our analysis and thermo-equilibrium calculations of the interfaces between the tube surface and the deposition. Moreover, the recent countermeasures against the ash deposition and the hot corrosion were reviewed, and their effectiveness and feasibilities were evaluated.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.95.1089

Investigation of initial pyrolysis behaviors in waste incineration processes

IDERA Ryo, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering Vol. 2016.26 ( 0 ) page： 304 2016

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

In order to incinerate heterogeneous fuel such as waste products completely, high excess air ratio was traditionally applied to the burning zone in the incinerator. However, from viewpoints of heat recovery efficiency and flue gas treatment, low excess air ratio at high temperature has been becoming more popular for the waste incinerator year by year. Meanwhile, technologies for NOx emission control should be stricter since high temperature and flame instability under low excess air incineration conditions intend to extend NOx formation. In this study, initial pyrolysis behaviors of wastes in their incineration processes were analyzed to investigate their contributions to NOx formations.

DOI： 10.1299/jsmeenv.2016.26.304

Use of Soft Plasma Ionization Source at Evacuated Air Atmospheres in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Suppress Fragmentation of Volatile Organic Compounds

Nunome Yoko, Park Hyunkook, Kodama Kenji, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Lee Sang C., Kitagawa Kuniyuki, Wagatsuma Kazuaki, Naruse Ichiro

SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS Vol. 48 ( 6 ) page： 436 - 440 2015

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Spectroscopy Letters

This study describes a measuring system for mass spectrometry, consisting of a glow discharge ionization source for soft plasma ionization and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, to detect toxic volatile organic compounds rapidly and easily. It is the most important to determine how the complicated fragmentation of such compounds can be suppressed to occur so as to recognize the mass spectra of the volatile organic compounds as their fingerprints. The novelty of this work is that the optimal discharge condition for the soft plasma ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometer system could be selected, so that the parent mass peak of analyte molecules could be observed both with high sensitivity and with little or no fragmentation of them. Use of air gas at a pressure of 1000 Pa provided the most favorable result for these criteria, whereas, in a previous report, the soft plasma ionization source operating with argon at a pressure of 346 Pa had yielded additional mass peaks of the fragmented species. The reason for this would be explained by the fact that energetic electrons in the plasma, which principally cause the fragmentation of the volatile organic compounds, have lower number density at higher gas pressures, through de-accelerated collisions with the plasma gas.

DOI： 10.1080/00387010.2014.905962

Conversion Synergies during Steam Co-gasification of Simulated Biomass with Coal

YOSHIIE Ryo, KIHEDU Joseph, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 57 ( 179 ) page： 21 - 26 2015

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

Lignin and cellulose chemicals were used as artificial biomass components to make-up a simulated biomass. Alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) as well as volatile matter contents in these chemicals were much different from each other. Co-gasification of coal with simulated biomass shows improved conversion characteristics in comparison to the average calculated from separate conversion of coal and simulated biomass. Two conversion synergetic peaks were observed whereby the first peak occurred around 400 °C while the second one occurred above 800 °C. Although co-gasification of coal with lignin that has high AAEM content also shows two synergy peaks, the one at higher temperature is dominant. Co-gasification of coal with cellulose shows only a single synergy peak around 400 °C indicating that synergy at low temperature is related with interaction of volatiles. Investigation of morphology changes during gasification of lignin and coal, suggests that their low reactivity is associated with their solid shape maintained even at high temperature.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.57.179_21

P-05 Reduction Characteristics of Iron Oxide by Woody Biomass

WAKATA Shunsuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 62 - 63 2014

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The iron making process, especially pig iron making process discharges the huge amount of CO_2 because coke made from coal is used as a reductant. For this reason, steel industry discharges the largest amount of CO_2 and it occupies about 13% in Japanese emission. This paper focused the woody biomass substitute for coke in pig iron making process and studied reduction characteristics of iron oxide when heated iron oxide and woody biomass mixed sample in N_2 atmosphere. In addition, we aim to clarify the reduction characteristics of iron oxide by volatile matters in woody biomass.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.9.0_62

Regeneration of Used Alkali Carbonates for Gaseous Sulfur Removal in a Gasification System

Raharjo Slamet, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS Vol. 27 ( 5 ) page： 2762 - 2766 2013.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Energy and Fuels

Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is expected to play an important role as one of a number of highly efficient conversion technologies for carbonaceous resources. However, it is vital to remove as much H 2S and COS as possible. Our previous study suggested that the molten alkali carbonates of 43 mol of Na2CO3 + 57 mol of K 2CO3 can completely adsorb them at 1173 K to form alkali sulfides. Furthermore, to enhance the overall efficiency in the gasification system, the regeneration characteristics of the used alkali carbonates should be studied. Therefore, the current study works on that issue. The optimum regeneration condition for experiments was estimated by chemical equilibrium software, FactSage 6.2, prior to the regeneration experiments. Chemical equilibrium calculations suggested that a mixture of carbon dioxide and steam could regenerate the used alkali carbonates. The experiments were conducted in an electrically heated tube reactor using a mixture of CO2 and steam as the regeneration agent. As a result, the remaining sulfur in solid after regeneration experiments was around 5 mass % of the total sulfur content in the raw sample at an optimum temperature range of 650-773 K. It is expected that around 95% of alkali sulfides was converted back to alkali carbonates. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ef400219q

Reduction mechanisms of ash deposition in coal and/or biomass combustion boilers

Naganuma Hiroshi, Ikeda Nobuya, Ito Tadashi, Matsuura Mikio, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL Vol. 106 page： 303 - 309 2013.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Fuel

Some ash particles in solid fuels adhere on heat exchanger tube surfaces inside coal and/or biomass combustion boilers. The authors have already proposed a surface treatment on tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, to reduce ash deposition. Understanding reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition is necessary to evaluate effects of the surface treatment technique on the reduction of ash deposition. The reduction mechanisms of the ash deposition were elucidated due to physical and chemical aspects, measuring adhesion forces between the ash particles and some alloy specimens of the tube at high temperature under the simulated boiler conditions. As a result, the adhesion force increased with time and depended on both the ash types and the alloy specimens. The thermal spraying of Ni-alloy, in particular, could reduce the adhesion force. Moreover interface reactions between the ash particles and the alloy specimen played an effective role in increasing the adhesion force, alkali metal compounds in the ash samples also related to an increase of the adhesion force. Fe, which was one of the main alloy elements, diffused into the ash deposition layer beyond the interface. This observation result suggested that the interface reactions of the ash particles with the alloy caused an increase of the adhesion force. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.11.017

Reaction behavior during heating biomass materials and iron oxide composites

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ohno Ko-ichiro, Maeda Takayuki, Nishioka Kold, Shimizu Masakata

FUEL Vol. 104 page： 58 - 61 2013.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Fuel

Effective utilization of biomass materials as a reducing agent in the ironmaking process is one of the key technologies for environmental protection. In this work, in order to study the possibility of effective use of woody biomass as a reducing agent in the carbon composite method, we carried out experiments of the thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of mixture of woody powder and iron oxide. Conversion ratio into H2 from woody powder was almost the same between thermal decomposition of woody powder and reduction of the mixture sample. Conversion ratio into CO by reduction was larger than that by thermal decomposition. The final reduction degrees of mixture samples at the temperature from 1273 to 1573 K were 100%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.019

The mechanism of gravity shedding of ash deposits in coal fired boiler

Sato N., Ueno S., Aramaki H., Nunome Y., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I.

30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013 Vol. 5 page： 4053 - 4060 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：30th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2013, PCC 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the gravity shedding mechanisms of ash deposits experimentally. A horizontal furnace, which could simulate the temperature profile in practical boilers, was used in this experiment. The pulverized coal was burned in this furnace. The typical bituminous coal was selected as a sample coal. The gravity shedding of ash deposits was observed, inserting a water-cooling tube into the furnace during combustion. After the experiments, the cross-sectional surface of the water-cooling tube was analyzed using a scanning electronic microscopy. The ash deposits before shedding were found to be between 2 and 3 mm thick. The ash deposits near the metal surface consisted of ash particles, while the surface of the ash deposits partly consisted of lightly sintered ash particles. After shedding, the remaining ash layer was found to be 500 μm thick on the tube surface.

Regeneration of waste lubricant oil by solvent extraction with membrane separation

Kataoka Naoya, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki, Nunome Yoko

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 24 ( 0 ) page： 355 2013

Development of Reduction Technology of Ash Deposit in Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers(Session 1)

NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 22 ( 0 ) page： vi - vii 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In order to enhance net power generation efficiency obtained by pulverized coal fired boilers more, it is necessary to fundamentally develop reduction technologies of ash deposit during operation. The thermal coating technology on surfaces of heat exchanger tubes was applied to reduce the ash deposit during coal combustion in this study. Such several tests as the ash melting experiments at high temperature, the deposition experiments of ash particles and the measurements of deposition force after long-term keeping under the simulated boiler condition were carried out. Consequently, the Ni alloy specimen was selected as the best coating material to control the ash deposit. Finally, that coating material was also tested in practical boilers and showed the good performance on the reduction of ash deposit.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.22.0_vi

Clean Technologies for Solid Fuels

NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 55 ( 172 ) page： 87 - 93 2013

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Society of Japan

According to the supply trend of primary energy resources, the resources of such fossil fuels as oil, natural gas and coal have still been consumed steadily worldwide. Among those fossil fuels, the coal resource has the highest ratio of reserves to production. On the other hand, the global environmental issues have strongly been focused recently. In these points of view, the coal must be utilized efficiently and ecologically as well as carbon neutral resources like biomass and solid wastes should also be utilized more effectively. The coal, biomass and solid wastes are generally categorized as solid fuel. Even for the biomass, it is necessary to convert it high-efficiently and environment-friendly. However, those solid fuels have not only their own structural difficulties, but also compositional diversity. In order to solve those difficulties, the harmonization between the theory or model and the social needs is necessary, and the interdisciplinary cooperation will also be effective.

DOI： 10.20619/jcombsj.55.172_87

Volatilization characteristics of boron compounds during coal combustion

Noda Naoki, Ito Shigeo, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Vol. 34 ( 2 ) page： 2831 - 2838 2013

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

Boron behavior during coal combustion was studied experimentally and theoretically. Seven types of coal with different boron concentrations were pyrolyzed or burned, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. In order to understand the effect of coal type on the boron component of ash, chemical equilibrium calculations were made to determine which boron compounds contributed to forming the boron compounds found in the ash particles. Additionally, XAFS analyses were also carried out to evaluate the results obtained by the chemical equilibrium calculations. Some boron compounds in coal were volatilized, and others remained in the molten coal ash after combustion. Both the chemical equilibrium calculations of the boron compounds under the combustion condition and the boron analysis of the ash particles by the XAFS suggested that the boron compound contained in the ash was mainly B 2O3. The boron compounds were concentrated in the molten slag during combustion. The enrichment of boron into the ash as particles was related to the amount of slag formed. The index, (Base/Acid ratio) × (Ash content), correlates well with the volatilization fraction of boron even in the actual power plants. © 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.proci.2012.07.018

No.62 Elucidation degradation behavior by a minor component on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

資源・エネルギー

成瀬一郎, 神原信志, 汲田幹夫, 大友順一郎, 坂田興, 野田玲治, 義家亮

化学工学 = Chemical engineering Vol. 76 ( 10 ) page： 620 - 627 2012.10

OIDA Akiyuki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki, NUNOME Yoko

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 49 ( 0 ) page： 120 - 121 2012

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In recent years, protections of environmental pollution and global warming are most important issues to discuss the world energy use. Efficient and clean use of fossil energy resources in the world has been increasing in importance. Coal is produced all over the world also, and it amount of reserves is larger than any other fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, etc.). Consequently, IGFC (Integrated gasification fuel cell combined cycle) has been attracting attention as one of efficient coal utilization. However, trace elements in coal are emitted to coal syn-gas in vapor phase, and affect fuel cell electrodes to deteriorate their performances. In this study, we assess the effect of trace element in syn-gas on SOFC power generation. We have tested a button cell in 900℃ for about 20 hours with simulated gas doped vapor As and Se.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.49.0_120

Slagging behavior of upgraded brown coal and bituminous coal in 145MW practical coal combustion boiler

Akiyama K., Pak H., Takubo Y., Tada T., Ueki Y., Yoshiie R., Naruse I.

Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion page： 77 - 82 2012

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate behaviors of ash deposition during combustion of Upgraded Brown Coal (UBC) and bituminous coal in a 145 MW practical coal combustion boiler. A blended coal consisting 20 wt% of the UBC and 80 wt% of the bituminous coal was burned for the combustion tests. Before the actual ash deposition tests, the molten slag fractions of ash calcualted by chemical equilibrium calculations under the combustion condition was adopted as one of the indices to estimate the tendency of ash deposition. The calculation results showed that the molten slag fraction for UBC ash reached approximately 90% at 1523 K. However, that for the blended coal ash became about 50%. These calculation results mean that blending the UBC with a bituminous coal played a role in decreasing the molten slag fraction. Next, the ash deposition tests were conducted, using a practical pulverized coal combustion boiler. A water-cooled stainless-steel tube was inserted in locations at 1523 K in the boiler to measure the amount of ash deposits. The results showed that the mass of deposited ash for the blended coal increased and shape of the deposited ash particles on the tube became large and sperical. This is because the molten slag fraction in ash for the blended coal at 1523 K increased and the surface of deposited ash became sticky. However, the mass of the deposited ash for the blended coal did not greatly increase and no slagging problems occurred for 8 days of boiler operation under the present blending conditions. Therefore, appropriate blending of the UBC with a bituminous coal enables the UBC to be used with a low ash melting point without any ash deposition problems in a practical boiler. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Reduction of ash deposition in pulverized coal fired boilers

Naruse I., Yoshiie R., Ueki Y., Matsuura M., Naganuma H.

Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion page： 517 - 522 2012

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Coal Combustion

This study proposes reduction technology of ash deposition on the heat exchanger tube in pulverized coal fired (PCF) boilers. Thermal spraying technique is adopted to change the surface properties of tube to reduce the ash deposition. As a result, Ni alloy as a thermal spraying material played an effective role to reduce the deposition under both the ash deposition experiments and the actual coal combustion experiments. However, it is necessary to change ash types in order to evaluate that the thermal spraying technology is universally useful or not. If this technology will be applied to the commercialized PCF boilers, additionally, the effectiveness for the long-term will also be studied as well as the theoretical elucidation on the reduction of ash deposition must be discussed. In this study, therefore, four types of coal ash with different melting points were tested as samples for the ash deposition experiments. The long-term ash adhesion experiments were also carried out, using a precise tension tester at high temperature. As the theoretical approaches, the compositions of each ash particle depositing on the tube surface were analyzed by a computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM) with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector, thereby the interfacial reactions between the ash deposition layer and the heat exchanger tube were discussed. Those results obtained were also compared to the results obtained by the thermal equilibrium calculations. © Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Refinement of Waste Lubricant Oil Using Rubber Membrane Extraction Method

YOSHIIE Ryo

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B Vol. 78 ( 789 ) page： 1048 - 1052 2012

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

A process to recover base oil from waste lubricating oil is proposed in this study, which is based on solvent extraction with membrane. In this process, organic solvent is circulated in a closed loop, leading to a resource saving. Residue consists of only impurities in waste lubricating oil, such as suspended particles, aqueous droplets, soot and tar, leading to a waste reducing. This process includes a fractional distillation, too, but it is for separating out organic solvent from oils. Then, temperature for fractional distillation is lower than 100 °C, leading to an energy saving. Rubber film is utilized as membrane, whose polymer network structure works as filter to separate impurities from oil dissolved in solvent. In order to verify the feasibility of this process, effect of extraction period, solvent volume and extraction temperature on both yield and quality of the extracted oil was experimentally estimated.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.78.1048

国際協力機構・インドネシア高等教育開発計画プロジェクトに携わって

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 = Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 89 ( 10 ) page： 947 2010.10

Reaction characteristic of woody biomass with CO<inf>2</inf>and H <inf>2</inf>O

Naruse I., Ueki Y., Isayama T., Shinba T., Kihedu J., Yoshiie R.

Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan Vol. 96 ( 4 ) page： 151 - 154 2010.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Tetsu-To-Hagane/Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Objective in this study is to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics for carbonaceous resources. Effects of temperature and gaseous agents on the gasification characteristics of carbonaceous materials were experimentally and theoretically studied by the gasification of woody sawdust, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Results of the co-gasification of CO2 with H2O were compared by the gasification by a single gaseous agent such as CO2 or H2O. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature. CO concentration under the co-gasification condition produced more than that under the single gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergy effect was also elucidated theoretically by the simulation of reaction kinetics. The simulated temperature indicating the maximum synergy effect on CO formation agreed well with that obtained by the experiments.

NOx Formation/Destruction Characteristics in Sewage Sludge Combustion

Naruse Ichiro, Hirabayashi Miwa, Yoshiie Ryo, Ueki Yasuaki

Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 21 ( 6 ) page： 193 - 201 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Pyrolysis and combustion experiments of dried sewage sludge were conducted using an electrically heated drop furnace to elucidate NOx formation/destruction characteristics. When the dried sewage sludge was fed into the drop furnace, the particle temperature rose rapidly and the particles swelled. The char particle structure became balloon-like. Regarding NOx formation, both NO and N2O were formed during combustion. After N2O was generated in the flame, NO was produced because N2O was destroyed by H radicals formed by CO oxidation. Although conversion of fuel-N into N2O decreased with increased furnace temperature, conversion of fuel-N into NO increased. The N2O conversion ratio of the dried sewage sludge was higher than that of the sample coal because the dried sewage sludge emits more HCN, which more readily produces N2O.

DOI： 10.3985/jjsmcwm.21.193

Theoretical Study on Desulfurization Characteristics in a Fluidized Bed Combustor

MURAKAMI Takahiro, KURITA Noriyuki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of High Temperature Society Vol. 36 ( 1 ) page： 41 - 46 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：High Temperature Society of Japan

Sulfur oxides (SOx) are one of the main sources of acid rain. In a fluidized bed combustor, limestone is a directly supplied into the combustor, as a desulfurizer in order to decrease the emissions of SOx from fuel, such as sewage sludge and coal. In our previous studies, NaCl-doped limestone has a good performance on the desulfurization characteristics. In the present study, the effect of alkali metal compounds NaCl, KCl and LiCl-dopings on the formation of CaO crystal structure was simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The result indicates that KCl in KCl-doped CaO deforms more largely the CaO crystal structure than NaCl, because K atom tends to separate from Cl atom at high temperature due to larger ionic radius of K than that of Na. For LiCl-doped CaO, LiCl also deforms the CaO crystal structure, because Li, whose ionic radius is smaller than that of Na, can move freely inside the CaO crystal lattice at high temperature. Based on the results obtained by the molecular dynamics simulations, only the NaCl-doping into CaO has a positive effect on the CaO crystallization. Consequently, this NaCl-doping may enhance the desulfurization efficiency. From this viewpoint, the molecular dynamics simulation can well explain the relationship between the desulfurization efficiency of CaO and the effect of alkali metal compounds addition into CaO.

DOI： 10.7791/jhts.36.41

Reaction Characteristic of Woody Biomass with CO2 and H2O

Naruse Ichiro, Ueki Yasuaki, Isayama Tsutomu, Shinba Takanori, Kihedu Joseph H., Yoshiie Ryo

Tetsu-to-Hagane Vol. 96 ( 4 ) page： 150 - 155 2010

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Objective in this study is to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics for carbonaceous resources. Effects of temperature and gaseous agents on the gasification characteristics of carbonaceous materials were experimentally and theoretically studied by the gasification of woody sawdust, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. Results of the co-gasification of CO2 with H2O were compared by the gasification by a single gaseous agent such as CO2 or H2O. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature. CO concentration under the co-gasification condition produced more than that under the single gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergy effect was also elucidated theoretically by the simulation of reaction kinetics. The simulated temperature indicating the maximum synergy effect on CO formation agreed well with that obtained by the experiments.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.96.150

Using sorbents to control heavy metals and particulate matter emission during solid fuel combustion

Yao Hong, Naruse Ichiro

PARTICUOLOGY Vol. 7 ( 6 ) page： 477 - 482 2009.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Particuology

Some of the heavy metals in coal and wastes vaporize during combustion, concentrate in fine particulates, and emit with the flue gas into the atmosphere, to produce adverse effect on environment and health. This study first investigates the fate of the heavy metal species, especially Pb, Cd and Cr, known as semi-volatile, in various flue gases, especially in the presence of HCl and SO2, by chemical equilibrium calculation, in which, Si and Ca were proposed as base sorbent materials to capture Pb, Cd and Cr. Then Si- and Ca-based compounds as well as waste materials used as sorbents were optimized to capture the heavy metals. Finally, the optimal sorbent was tested in actual burning of dried sewage sludge as solid fuel, to evaluate the effectiveness of the sorbent. Calculated results show that Cl increases the volatility of most heavy metals, while SO2 enhances formation of condensed phases. Among the sorbents tested, kaolin appears most efficient to capture Pb and Cd. For sludge combustion with kaolin addition, both Pb and Cd were shifted from sub-micron to macro-sized particles, and accompanied by considerable decrease of 0.1 μm particles. © 2009.

DOI： 10.1016/j.partic.2009.06.004

Introduction of Research Group (Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Nagoya University)

Vol. 88 ( 1 ) page： 81 - 84 2009.1

Elucidation of Ash Deposition Mechanisms with Interfacial Reaction

NAGANUMA Hiroshi, IKEDA Nobuya, ITO Tadashi, SATO Fumio, URASHIMA Kazuaki, TAKUWA Tsuyoshi, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 88 ( 9 ) page： 816 - 822 2009

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In order to control ash deposition on heat exchanger tubes in coal or woody biomass combustion boilers, surface treatment of the tubes, using a thermal spraying technique, was proposed in this study. The ash deposition mechanisms were elucidated, based on physical and chemical aspects, under the condition of long exposure period. First, adhesive force (Sb) between ash and alloy surface at high temperature was measured. As the physical aspect, Sb increased with an increase of the exposure time and could be predicted by an improved logistic function. Moreover, Sb depended on the temperature, so that an interface reaction controlled the increasing rate of adhesive force. As the chemical aspect, the interface between the ash deposition and alloy was observed and analyzed by a SEM-EDS and a FE-EPMA to consider the mechanisms of an increase of the adhesive force. The result showed that S and Na contained in the ash composition diffused into the alloy and that Fe mainly composing of the alloy specimens also diffused into the ash deposition. The diffusion coefficient of Fe into the ash deposition was also calculated by the results of a point elemental analysis. These results suggested that the interfacial reactions of the ash particles with the alloy affected the increase of adhesive force.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.88.816

Reaction Behaviors in Packed-Bed Woody Biomass Gasifier(Thermal Engineering)

TAKUWA Tsuyoshi, TORIGOE Takashi, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B Vol. 75 ( 752 ) page： 810 - 816 2009

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

Gasification technology is recognized as one of the candidates to utilize the biomass effectively. From this viewpoint, this study focused fundamentals on woody biomass gasification, using a labscale packed-bed. In this experiment, pellets of black pine are gasified, using air as the gasification agent. The gasification tests were carried out under both updraft and downdraft conditions. The temperature distribution inside the gasifier and the compositions of gasified gas were measured and analyzed during gasification by thermo-couples inserted from a furnace wall and a micro gas chromatograph, respectively. The produced gasses before cooling were also sampled to analyze amount of tar generation in the gasses. As a result, the lower heating value of the produced gas under the downdraft condition was higher than that under the updraft condition. It was easier to operate under the downdraft condition than under the updraft. Under the updraft condition, bridging phenomenon happened. Amount of tar generation under the downdraft condition was lower than that under the updraft. This is because tar passes through a partial combustion zone or higher temperature zone in the downdraft gasifier.

DOI： 10.1299/kikaib.75.752_810

Dependence of deposit behavior of combustion ash on coal types

燃焼プロセスにおける微量成分を含む微粒子の生成挙動と炉内吸収技術

成瀬一郎

工業加熱 46 page： 31 - 37 2009

界面反応を伴う石炭灰付着機構の解明 Reviewed

義家亮, 成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 88,2 page： 816 - 822 2009

NAGANUMA Hiroshi, IKEDA Nobuya, NARUSE Ichiro, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, MATSUURA Mikio, ITO Tadashi, SATAKE Hideshi

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 46 ( 0 ) page： 126 - 127 2009

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In pulverized coal fired boilers, molten ash particles generated during combustion have possibility of adhesion on surface of heat exchanger tubes. This causes problems of heat transfer inhibition such as slagging and fouling as well as boiler trouble on operation. In order to solve this problem, surface treatment technology of the heat exchanger tubes is developed in this study. This paper describes dependence of the adhesive force between the deposition layer and the tube surface on the coal types.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.46.0_126

The Release Behavior of Boron in Coal Combustion

NODA Naoki, MATSUDA Hiromitsu, Ito Shigeo, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 46 ( 0 ) page： 144 - 145 2009

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Boron contained in coal are partly released to the flue gas during combustion. Boron are captured in flue gas cleaning systems and the emissions of these elements are generally low. However, it is important to understand the behavior of boron to improve the reliability of the gas cleaning systems. Though a lot of researches examined the behavior of boron, the behavior of these elements in coal combustion has not been clarified in detail yet. In this research, the release behavior of boron from coal was investigated using a drop tube furnace (DTF). As a result, it is thought that a part of the boron would be absorbed in molten slag during combustion.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.46.0_144

Regeneration of waste lubricating oil by solvent extraction with membrane

Miwa Takahiro, Yoshiie Ryo, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 20 ( 0 ) page： 125 - 125 2009

環境化学工学

竹下健二, 江頭靖幸, 下ヶ橋雅樹, 成瀬一郎

化学工学 = CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN Vol. 72 ( 10 ) page： 570 - 574 2008.10

Development of thermal spraying wire for adhesion control of ashes (report 1)

ITO Tadashi, SAITO Teiichiro, NAGANUMA Hiroshi, IKEDA Nobuya, NARUSE Ichiro, IGARASHI Yoshiaki

Pre-Prints of the National Meeting of JWS Vol. 83 page： 206 - 207 2008.8

Development of thermal spraying wire for adhesion control of ashes (report 1)

ITO TADASHI, SAITO TEIICHIRO, NAGANUMA HIROSI, IKEDA NOBUYA, NARUSE ICHIRO, IGARASHI YOSHIAKI

Preprints of the National Meeting of JWS Vol. 2008f ( 0 ) page： 311 - 311 2008

大気環境

成瀬一郎

化学工学 = CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN Vol. 71 ( 10 ) page： 702 - 703 2007.10

Role of Methanol in Supercritical Water Oxidation of Ammonia

Taro Oe, Hiroshi Suzugaki, Ichiro Naruse, Armando T. Quitain, Hiroyuki Daimon, Koichi Fujie

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research Vol. 46 ( 11 ) page： 3566 - 3573 2007.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)

The role of methanol (MeOH) in the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of ammonia (NHs) was investigated near the typical operating conditions of a commercial plant at 560-620°C and 25 MPa using a tubular reactor. It was found that the presence of MeOH strongly affected the reaction behavior of nitrogen. With the addition of MeOH, at concentrations more than twice the initial concentrations of NH3 (1.4-5.7 mmol/mol of the feed mixture), the conversion of NH3 to N2O increased by about four times to 0.5-0.6 compared to that with no MeOH addition. The production of NO3- from NH3 increased in the liquid effluent with a conversion of up to 0.2. The productions of NO2-, NO, and NO2 from NH3 had similar behavior under the presence of MeOH at the tested conditions, and significant effects were observed at MeOH concentrations more than 2-6 times of the initial concentrations of NH3. The experimental results made it clear that NO and NO 2 were produced under the SCWO conditions. Methods for the reduction of N2O and NO3- were also investigated. Results showed that SCWO is not suitable for the decomposition of N2O. Other post-treatment methods such as catalytic decomposition should be applied to reduce N2O in the gas effluent. NO3- reduction methods (e.g., two-step reaction) proposed in this study should also be considered to prevent corrosion of the reactor material. © 2007 American Chemical Society.

DOI： 10.1021/ie070168u

P224 Fundamental biomass gasification tests by packed-bed gasifier

TORIGOE Takashi, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 2 ( 0 ) page： 88 - 89 2007

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The biomass gasification has recently been recognized as one of the candidate technologies to utilize the biomass effectively. In this study, pellets of black pine are gasified in a packed-bed gasifier, using air as gasification agent. In the gasification tests, the temperature distribution in the gasifier and the compositions in the gasified gas are measured and analyzed during gasification by thermo-couples and a micro gas chromatograph, respectively. Fundamental gasification characteristics in the packed-bed were discussed by those results obtained.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.2.0_88

O211 Fundamental characteristics of CO_2 and H_2O gasification for woody biomass in electrically heated drop tube furnace

Shinba Takanori, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 2 ( 0 ) page： 36 - 37 2007

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Fundamental gasification characteristics in CO_2 and H_2O atmospheres at high temperature are experimentally studied, using an electric heated drop tube furnace. The gasification experiments are performed, changing temperature at the furnace wall, gasification agents and residence time. Hinoki sawdust is selected as a fuel. In the experiments, the gas composition and the elemental compositions in the residual reaction particles are analyzed. The result shows that co-existence of CO_2 with H_2O can enhance the gasification performance, compared with the individual gasification characteristics.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.2.0_36

Emission Behaviors and Control of Trace Elements during Combustion Processes

NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Society of Inorganic Materials, Japan Vol. 14 ( 328 ) page： 177 - 183 2007

Atmospheric Environment

Vol. 70 ( 10 ) page： 575 - 576 2006.10

Twenty-first annual international pittsburgh coal conference

Suzuki T., Naruse I.

Fuel Vol. 85 ( 2 ) 2006.1

P227 Gasification characteristics of woody biomass by electrically heated drop tube furnace

Shinba Takanori, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 1 ( 0 ) page： 110 - 111 2006

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Gasification and pyrolysis characteristics of woody biomass were studied, using an electrically heated drop tube furnace, at 1173K and in CO_2 and N_2 atmospheres, respectively. Hinoki sawdust was selected as one of samples of woody biomass. Under this experimental condition, the gasification conversion and cold gas efficiency attained about 18% and 39%, respectively. The main components of the gaseous species were CO, H_2 and CH_4. The concentrations of those gaseous species in gasification were higher than that in pyrolysis. The main composition of the residue for gasification was fixed carbon. These results suggested that volatile matter in the biomass is easily gasified. The fixed carbon in the biomass was hard to be gasified.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.1.0_110

Effect of Alkali Metal Compounds on Limestone Calcination in Desulfurization Process: Molecular Dynamics Simulations

MURAKAMI Takahiro, KURITA Noriyuki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan Vol. 114 ( 1332 ) page： 676 - 680 2006

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Ceramic Society of Japan

In this study, the change in the desulfurization characteristics of limestone induced by adding some alkali metal compounds and chlorides to limestone was investigated by thermobalance experiments. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to elucidate the effect of alkali-metal chloride additions on the CaO calcination for the desulfurization process. The experimental results obtained show that the addition of NaCl into the limestone is the most effective in improving the desulfurization efficiency. The X-ray diffraction analyses of the calcined seashell, limestone and NaCl-doped limestone found that the calcined seashell, as well as the calcined NaCl-doped limestone, have a similar structure as the CaO crystal. These two materials also show a high desulfurization efficiency. The MD simulations show that NaCl doping into the CaO contributes to the crystallization of CaO, while KCl and LiCl dopings have a small contribution. Therefore, the NaCl doping has a predominant effect on the CaO crystallization leading to a high desulfurization efficiency.

DOI： 10.2109/jcersj.114.676

P223 NO and N_2O behaviors during co-combustion of low-grade coal with biomass

Gani Asri, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Conference on Biomass Science Vol. 1 ( 0 ) page： 102 - 103 2006

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In considering effective utilization of low-grade coals with high fixed carbon content, it is necessary to enhance ignition and burnout characteristics by means of adding the supplemental fuels. Co-combustion technologies for low-grade coals with biomass are generally recognized as one of the candidate technologies to enhance these characteristics. Although the biomass addition will affect NO_x emission, the precise NO and N_2O behaviors during co-combustion have not always been elucidated yet. Therefore, this report studies fundamental NO and N_2O formation/decomposition behaviors and their mechanisms experimentally and theoretically. In the simulation, the homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction schemes are considered to elucidate the NO and N_2O formation/decomposition mechanisms precisely. As a result, concentrations of NO and N_2O during co-combustion become almost similar to those during coal combustion, even if the input fuel nitrogen in co-combustion is half of that in coal combustion. The NO and N_2O formation/decomposition mechanisms relate to the heterogeneous reaction scheme. The main elemental reaction is the reaction of NO with char-C to produce CN, which reacts with OH to form NCO. Consequently, the simulation results agree well with the experimental results obtained.

DOI： 10.20550/jiebiomassronbun.1.0_102

Formation Mechanisms and Control of Particulate Matter with Trace Metal Compounds in Solid-fuel Combustion Processes

NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 48 ( 144 ) page： 174 - 179 2006

Caracteristic of Particulate Matter Formation during Combustion of Simulated Waste Oil

kanaoka toshiki, muramatsu kenshi, naruse ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Society of Waste Management Experts Vol. 17 ( 0 ) page： 241 - 241 2006

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management

This paper studies the fundamental formation characteristics of fine particulates during the wasted oil combustion. The combustion experiments are conducted, using a drop tube furnace with a spray burner of two-phase flow type. The particulate matter in the exhausted gas is collected and classified by a Low Pressure Impactor (LPI) isokinetically. This study focuses on effect of content of residual carbon and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in a fuel on the PM formation. The light oil with C-type heavy oil or several types of aromatic hydrocarbons are tested as the simulated waste oils. As a result, particle size distribution of the particulates during light oil combustion at stoichiometric air ratio of 0.8 becomes single-mode with the size between 0.08 and 0.24 mm. The PM collected looks like a tar as precursor of soot particles. The residual carbon and aromatic hydrocarbons in a fuel affect concentration of precursor of soot particles and formation of submicron particles with size between 0.08 and 0.24 mm. Additionally, 3 to 4 rings PAHs are concentrated in the precursor of soot particles.

DOI： 10.14912/jswmepac.17.0.241.0

Screening of sorbents and capture of lead and cadmium compounds during sewage sludge combustion

Yao H., Mkilaha I., Naruse I.

Fuel Vol. 83 ( 7-8 ) page： 1001 - 1007 2004.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Fuel

Current understanding has shown that aluminosilicate- and calcium-based sorbents could be applied to control trace metals emission from combustion and incineration processes. However, the use of industrial commercial sorbents is not always appropriate. The present study dwells on the use of natural and waste materials as sorbents to capture lead and cadmium compounds during combustion. The main task is to optimize the use of those materials by screening them, using a thermobalance. Then, the determined optimum sorbent was tested on an electrically heated drop tube furnace, burning sewage sludge at temperatures ranging from 1073 to 1223 K. The results showed that some of aluminosilicate-based sorbent were more effective than calcium-based sorbents. Kaolin was found to be a relatively effective sorbent for Pb and Cd capturing. The results further showed that the capture ability depended on chemical compositions and specific surface area of the sorbents. Presence of HCl caused a little decrease in the capture ability, using aluminosilicate-based sorbents, while significant effect on the capture processes was noted when calcium-based sorbents were used. Furthermore, when kaolin was added into the sewage sludge, kaolin was an appropriate sorbent to control lead and cadmium emissions. Temperature increase enhances the capture ability under our experimental conditions. Kaolin addition played a role for low leachability of the trace metals. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.022

燃焼プロセスにおける微量金属成分の生成挙動解明とその制御に関する研究(進歩賞(学術部門),平成15年度日本エネルギー学会)

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 Vol. 83 ( 4 ) page： 3 2004.4

Application of Wasted Plastics to Thermal and Carbon Sources in Electric Furnaces for Steel Making

KAMESHIMA Tamotsu

Vol. 17 ( 1 ) page： 94 2004.3

Material Circulatory Network in Local Society

NARUSE Ichiro

Vol. 67 ( 5 ) page： 267 - 268 2003.5

Sorbent control of trace metals in sewage sludge combustion and incineration

Naruse I., Yao H., Mkilaha I.

Journal De Physique. IV : JP Vol. 107 ( II ) page： 917 - 920 2003.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Journal De Physique. IV : JP

Coal and wastes combustion have become an important issue not only in terms of energy generation but also environmental conservation. The need for alternative fuels and wastes management has made the two energy sources of importance. However, the utilization of the two is faced with problems of impurity trace metals in the fuel. These metals usually speciate during combustion or incineration leading to generation of fumes and subsequently particles. This paper reports on the study aimed at understanding the speciation of trace metals and their emission from combustion systems as particulates. Experiments carried out using a down-flow furnace and theoretical study carried out using lead, chromium and cadmium as basic metals had shown that their speciation and subsequent emission is controlled by both chemical composition and physical properties of the fuel. The physical and chemical and physical properties of the fuel and their respective compounds and the operating conditions of the incineration and combustion system control the enrichment of the particles with trace metals.

DOI： 10.1051/jp4:20030448

Trace-metal speciation during sludge combustion and incineration

Mkilaha I., Yao H., Naruse I.

Combustion Science and Technology Vol. 174 ( 11-12 ) page： 325 - 344 2002.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Combustion Science and Technology

Municipal waste combustion has been opted as a method for reducing the size of the volume, and consequently, for reducing the necessary requirement of areas for direct disposal. However, the emission of the conventional gaseous pollutants are not the only problem; traces of metal fumes emanate from the metallic compounds that are in the wastes. Efforts to control these metal fumes have not been so successful because of the complicated mechanisms of the metallic compounds during combustion. Failure of the conventional systems to trap the trace elements is due to their appearance with the submicron particles from the combustion and incineration systems. In this work, a thermomechanical equilibrium approach is employed to study the combustion and gasification behavior of trace metals with a case of lead, cadmium, and chromium during the incineration of sewage sludge. In this work, sulfur and chlorine have been found to play a key role in the speciation of the trace metals. However, these elements are only active when oxygen is present. A test on alkali metals mixed with trace metals showed that at low concentrations of S and Cl, the alkali metals react first with these elements before other metals. Chlorine assists in retaining most of the trace metals in the vapor phase while sulfur keeps them in the condensed form. The presence of iron, as is the case with most sorbents, hinders the reaction of Cl with the metals, thus suppressing the formation of volatile compounds.

DOI： 10.1080/713712965

Thermodynamic analysis of the role of chlorine and sulfur environments during combustion and incineration processes

MKILAHA Iddi S. N., YAO Hong, NARUSE Ichiro

Vol. 4 ( 2 ) page： 143 - 149 2002.10

固体の燃焼

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 = Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 81 ( 7 ) page： 606 - 607 2002.7

燃焼プロセスにおける水銀の挙動と制御

成瀬一郎

化学工学 Vol. 66 ( 4 ) page： 247 - 248 2002.4

固体の燃焼

成瀬一郎

日本エネルギー学会誌 = Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 80 ( 7 ) page： 605 - 606 2001.7

Prediction of Evolution Characteristics of Alkali Metal Compounds in Coal Combustion/Gasification from Coal Properties.

MURAKAMI TAKAHIRO, NARUSE ICHIRO

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN Vol. 34 ( 7 ) page： 899 - 905 2001

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Fundamental evolution characteristics of alkali metal compounds, especially sodium compounds in coal combustion/gasification were experimentally studied using a rapidly heated batch reactor under a wide range of temperature conditions. Six types of coal with different properties were reacted in the reactor. The evolution characteristics of sodium compounds obtained experimentally were compared with those predicted using both coal properties of cross-correlation coefficient between sodium and silicon in the raw coal and the fraction of condensed sodium aluminosilicates in the residue, calculated by the thermochemical equilibrium theory. The reason why the two indices were selected is that the sodium aluminosilicates was detected by X-ray diffraction analysis in the residue. The cross-correlation coefficient between sodium and silicon in the raw coal is calculated using two digital images of sodium and silicon distributions obtained by the Energy dispersed X-ray (EDX) analysis at the cross-section of raw coals. On the other hand, the chemical equilibrium calculation is performed by prescribing the experimental conditions and ultimate analysis data and ash compositions of the coal. The results predicted correlated well with the experimental data even when the evolution characteristics of sodium was dependent on the coal type and when the experimental conditions were varied widely. The coal with low cross-correlation coefficient between sodium and silicon and low fraction of condensed sodium aluminosilicates in the residue was found to release sodium compounds. Both of the two indices proposed can contribute to the prediction of fundamental evolution characteristics of alkali metal compounds in the coal combustion/gasification.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.34.899

Output-Input and Input-Output Database in Industrial Processes.

Yoshida Hiroyuki, Imaoka Tsutomu, Tanada Seiki, Kajiuchi Toshio, Naruse Ichiro, Ohno Katsuhisa, Muroyama Katsuhiko, Sawada Tatsuro, Ishii Mikita, Hatate Yasuo, Funazukuri Toshitaka, Shirai Yoshihito, Goto Motonobu, Nagai Minoru, Hirao Masahiko, Katayama Hiroyuki, Mizuno Noritaka, Goto Shigeo

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 14 ( 4 ) page： 333 - 343 2001

Methodology to Construct Material Circulation Network in a Local Community

NARUSET Ichiro, GOTOW Tomoyuki, YAMAUCHI Kenji, FUNATSU Kimito

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol. 14 ( 2 ) page： 231 - 237 2001

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, JAPAN

In order to realize a social system with sustainable development, it is necessary for local communities to construct inter-industries material circulation network. In this aspect, wastes evolving from the industries are defined as unused materials. This study suggests a methodology of constructing networks among different industries for reusable materials. Two types of databases are made by means of industrial surveys. One of the databases reveals information about raw material, products and wastes, which is received or emitted on each company of industries in a subject community. The second database defines conversion technologies that enable to transform the wastes into reusable materials. Based on the databases, a network simulator program can analyze material flows in the community. In this paper, Higashi-Mikawa area in Aichi Prefecture was chosen as a model of local community, and the databases of the industries and wastes treatment companies were made, furthermore the material flow for. selected wastes were simulated. Additionally, one suggestion about optimum material circulation network in an application of proper conversion technology is hypothetically designed.

DOI： 10.11353/sesj1988.14.231

Emission and De-chlorination Characteristics in Refuse-Derived Fuel Combustion.

Naruse Ichiro, Higuchi Atsushi, Yanagino Hideo

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 27 ( 5 ) page： 604 - 609 2001

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Fundamental de-chlorination characteristics of Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDF), which were developed for use as a source of thermal energy, were studied by using both practical RDF and simulated RDF. For the simulated RDF polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or NaCl was added as a chlorine source. In the experiments, single pellets of RDF were burned in an electrically heated batch furnace. The de-chlorination efficiency was calculated by analysis of Cl in the residue after combustion. The efficiency obtained was compared with that obtained by chemical equilibrium calculation. HCl was found to be mainly emitted during the volatile matter combustion. The de-chlorination characteristics for PVC addition differ from that for NaCl addition. For the RDF with PVC and Ca(OH)2 addition, the de-chlorination reaction depends on the furnace temperature, and the optimum temperature is about 923 K. At low temperature the de-chlorination rate is slower than the evolution rate of HCl gas, whereas high temperature, CaCl2, which is produced by the de-chlorination reaction, is decomposed during the char combustion. For the NaCl addition, C1 is not absorbed into a Ca compound. According to chemical equilibrium calculation, NaCl is evaporated as a form of NaCl and Na2Cl2 vapors, and HCl is not produced.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.27.604

Reaction Behavior of Coke Lump in Raceway of Blast Furnace with Pulverized Coal Injection.

Naruse Ichiro, Nakayama Katsuya, Higuchi Atsushi, Khairil

ISIJ International Vol. 40 ( 8 ) page： 744 - 748 2000

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Reaction behaviors of a coke lump in raceway of blast furnaces which pulverized coal injection technology was adopted were studied by using a horizontal pulverized coal reactor. In the experiments two types of coke lump were used as samples. In the experiments, the reaction behaviors of coke lump were continuously observed by an 8 mm video camera system. Mass change of the coke lump was weighed at each exposure time, and surface temperature of the coke lump was also continuously measured by a two-color pyrometer. Additionally, both the reacting coal particles and gas were sampled and analyzed, and the deposition on the coke surface was also analyzed. In order to elucidate the effect of ash particles in coal on the coke reaction, LPG was also supplied as a fuel into the reactor instead of coal. As a result, mass loss of coke in the coal combustion is larger than that in the LPG combustion. When the coal particles collide with the coke at the surface, the ash particles easily stick there and spherical molten ash is formed on the surface. For the LPG combustion, only small spherical molten ash resulted from the coke is formed. Those results suggest that ash particles of the coal may enhance coke degradation due to chemical interactions between coal ash and coke.

DOI： 10.2355/isijinternational.40.744

69. Ash Adhesion Behavior in Coal Gasification Reactor

YAMASHITA Toru, TOMINAGA Hiroaki, NARUSE Ichiro, ASAHIRO Norio

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 37 ( 0 ) page： 281 - 284 2000

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The adhesion behavior of ash generated during coal gasification under high temperature condition was investigated by using horizontal-type pulverized coal reactor with water-cooled tube. The size distribution and chemical composition of attacking and deposited particles on tube surface were measured by CCSEM (Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy). The fraction of fine size and low fusion temperature in collision particles selectively adhered to tube surface. The ash adhesion probability to dry surface was determined by the collision efficiency and viscosity prediction of each particle. Ash adhesion model that will be applied to the gasifier was proposed.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.37.0_281

Effect of Alkali Metal Compounds into Sea-Shell on Desulfurization Characteristics.

7-4. Fundamentals on Combustion and De-chlorine Behaviors of Refuse Derived Fuel

HIGUCHI Atsushi, YANAGINO Hidero, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 9 ( 0 ) page： 285 - 288 2000

MURAKAMI Takahiro, SAITO Katsuhiro, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 79 ( 11 ) page： 1070 - 1077 2000

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Influence of alkali metal compounds on desulfurization characteristics of sea-shell and limestone was elucidated quantitatively by using a thermobalance in this study. Scallop removed alkali metals and chlorine and Tsukumi limestone added several alkali metal compounds and chlorides were used as a sample. In order to elucidate additive effect of sodium chloride into the limestone on the desulfurization characteristics, the mean pore size by a pore sizer, the sulfur distribution within a reacting particle by an EDX system and the crystal structure of particles by a XRD system were measured. As a result, the desulfurization efficiency for the scallop even after removing the alkali metals and chlorine little changed. The addition of sodium chloride into the limestone can increase the desulfurization efficiency best. Both the mean pore size and the crystal structure of the calcined limestone, into which sodium chloride was added, was similar to those of the calcined scallop.Thus the desulfurization reaction produced over the whole of a particle. However, even if sodium chloride was added into the calcined limestone (CaO), the desulfurization efficiency was not promoted.

DOI： 10.3775/jie.79.1070

Studies on Combustion and Sulfur Fixation Characteristics of Coal-Biomass Briquette

WANG Qing-Yue, LU Guo-Qing, SAKAMOTO Kazuhiko, MARUYAMA Toshihiko, KIM Hee-Joon, NARUSE Ichiro, HATAKEYAMA Shiro, MIZOGUCHI Tsuguo, LUO Rong-Xue, KAMIDE Mitsushi

Earozoru Kenkyu Vol. 15 ( 4 ) page： 364 - 371 2000

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japan Association of Aerosol Science and Technology

In order to utilize low-grade coals, which contain high concentrations of sulfur (2-6 wt. %) and ash (>15 wt. %, dry basis), controlling pollutant emissions during combustion in domestic stoves and small-capacity industrial boilers, a composite solid fuel “coal-biomass briquette” with sulfur fixation function was produced in a pilot plant in Chongqing city, China. It was composed of 80 wt. % of low-grade coal and 20 wt. % of biomass (e. g., wood chips and agricultural wastes) with a small fraction of sulfur-fixation additives. In this study, we investigated the ignition and combustion characteristics of the coal-biomass briquettes, and developed a new sulfur fixation additive made from sub-product in gas welding industries. It was found that the coal-biomass briquette has the lower ignition temperature and higher combustion efficiency than the usual coal briquettes, and that the newly developed additive was superior to limestone or scallop shells in sulfur fixation capability. This method is simple, economical, and efficient, in terms of emission control of SO2, CO and other particulate pollutants from the combustion of low-grade coals using the conventional domestic stoves and boilers without modification. The coal-biomass briquette can be applicable for pollution control of coal combustion in some developing countries.

DOI： 10.11203/jar.15.364

Fundamental Evolution Characteristics of Alkali Metal Compounds in Coal Combustion.

Reaction Behaviors of Coke under High-temperature Pulverized Coal Reaction Conditions

HIGUCHI Atsushi

Vol. 12 ( 1 ) page： 70 - 72 1999.3

MURAKAMI TAKAHIRO, NODA REIJI, NARUSE ICHIRO, OHTAKE KAZUTOMO

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 25 ( 3 ) page： 389 - 394 1999

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

In combined cycle power generation systems for coal combustion and/or gasification, the vapor of alkali metal compounds may cause hot corrosion at the surface of blades of a gas turbine. The influence of coal type on fundamental evolution characteristics of alkali metal compounds, especially sodium compounds, in coal combustion is experimentally elucidated in this study by using a rapidly heated electrical batch combustor. Both classification of forms of sodium compounds and analysis of the cross-correlation coefficients between the existing locations of sodium and other elements in the cross-section of a particle of raw coal by using an EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) system and an image correlation method are conducted in order to quantify the effect of coal type on the sodium evolution characteristics. As a result, the evolution characteristics of sodium are influenced by the coal type. Most of the sodium evolved is classified as water-soluble sodium. Coal in which sodium chloride is contained as a major sodium compound evolves sodium compounds more easily than other coals do. The distributions of sodium, silicon and aluminum in a coal particle contribute to the evolution characteristics of sodium. Coals with high cross-correlation coefficients between sodium and silicon/aluminum show low evolution fraction of sodium.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.25.389

Self-Denitrification Behavior of Biobriquette Added with Pulp Black Liquid.

Non-Contact Temperature Measurement under High Temperature Conditions

NARUSE Ichiro

Vol. 62 ( 1 ) page： 47 - 48 1998.1

KIM HEE-JOON, NARUSE ICHIRO, LU GUO-QING, OHTAKE KAZUTOMO, KAMIDE MITSUSHI

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 24 ( 5 ) page： 779 - 783 1998

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

The characteristics of self-denitrification in biobriquettes are studied experimentally. To enhance effective utilization of low-grade coals, and to control emission of environmental pollutants from combustion, a new artificial solid fuel, a biobriquette with a self-denitrification function, is developed. It was produced by the mixture of low-grade coal, cornstalk as biomass and pulp black liquid as denitrificazer under a high compression pressure condition. Both experiments of pyrolysis and combustion were performed in order to reveal the mechanism of nitrogen-oxide formation and denitrification of the biobriquette. It is found that the release fraction of fuel-N is raised with increasing pyrolysis temperature in both coal and biomass. The release fraction of fuel-N in biomass is much higher than coal at the same pyrolysis temperature. The conversion fraction of fuel-N to NO slightly ascends and the fraction to N2O slowly descends with increasing furnace temperature, but the sum of conversion fraction of fuel-N to NO and N2O appears to be independent of furnace temperature. The denitrification process of the biobriquette with the pulp black liquid appears to proceed as two stages, namely the volatile combustion stage and the char combustion stage. Denitrification mainly happens in the char combustion stage. A denitrification efficiency of 40% can be obtained in the biobriquette combustion with a pulp black liquid of 10 mass%. Finally, it is confirmed for the first time that the pulp black liquid has significant denitrification capabilities in the biobriquette combustion.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.24.779

Study on characteristics of self-desulfurization and self-denitrification in biobriquette combustion

Naruse I., Kim H., Lu G., Yuan J., Ohtake K.

Symposium (International) on Combustion Vol. 27 ( 2 ) page： 2973 - 2979 1998

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Symposium (International) on Combustion

The characteristics of self-desulfurization and self-denitrification in biobriquettes were studied experimentally and numerically in this paper. The biobriquette was produced by mixing coal, biomass, desulfurizer, and/or denitrificater under a high-compression pressure condition. The combustion process of biobriquette appears in two stages, namely the volatile combustion stage and the char combustion stage. It was proved that limestone, wasted scallop shell, and calcium hydroxide have effective self-desulfurization capability in biobriquette combustion and that desulfurization mainly happens in the char combustion stage. Comparatively among the three desulfurizers used, calcium hydroxide has the highest desulfurization capability because of its lower calcination temperature, and scallop shell the second because of the larger porosity after calcination. A desulfurization efficiency as high as about 80% can be reached for some kinds of coals using scallop shell as desulfurizer with Ca/S over 3. A modified shrinking-core model was developed to predict the desulfurization efficiency in the char combustion stage, and an approximate agreement was obtained between the predictions and the experiments. It was also found that pulp black liquid, an industrial waste to roll as binder in the biobriquetting process, has both self-denitrification and self-desulfurization capabilities in biobriquette combustion. A denitrification efficiency of about 40% can be obtained by adding the pulp black liquid into biobriquette with about 15% in mass.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80157-4

Reduction of pollutants from diesel exhaust by high pressure gas injection

Kawai D., Mkilaha I., Osawa T., Naruse I., Ohtake K.

JSAE Review Vol. 18 ( 3 ) page： 241 - 245 1997.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：JSAE Review

In order to reduce the pollutants from diesel exhaust, high-pressure gas was injected during combustion into a modified pre-chamber of an IDI diesel engine at a varied load and gas injection timing. The result shows that high-pressure gas injection can reduce the particulates and NOx simultaneously, with little influence on the engine performance. The combustion process in the pre-chamber was visualized by means of an ultra high-speed video system and image analysis of the pictures obtained. The results of the visualization show that by injecting gas, the flame is first quenched, followed by the reduction of NOx in the pre-chamber by hydrocarbon. Although high-pressure gas injection could have caused a substantial increase in HC as a result of temperature quenching, this seems to be controlled by the consumed portion of HC during the recycling of NOx. Chemical analysis of polycyclic aromatics compounds was carried out for the purpose of establishing its variations with gas injection. It was established that gas injection not only reduces PM by oxidation of solid carbon, but also the PAH component. © 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. and Elsevier Science B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/S0389-4304(97)00013-1

Simultaneous reduction of particulate matter and NO<inf>x</inf> in a diesel engine by compressed gas injection: Macroscopic study at residual load

Reduction of pollutants from diesel exhaust by high pressure gas injection

KAWAI Daizaburo, MKILAHA Iddi S. N., OSAWA Takuya, NARUSE Ichiro, OHTAKE Kazutomo

Vol. 18 ( 3 ) page： 241 - 245 1997.7

Mkilaha I.S.N., Inoue M., Kawai D., Naruse I., Ohtake K.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering Vol. 211 ( 3 ) page： 227 - 236 1997

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering

A modified pre-chamber of an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine was used to elucidate the influence on emissions of compressed air injection into the pre-chamber during combustion. The test parameters were air injection timing and arrangements of gas injection. This paper presents the experimental results for two types of injection arrangements; I- and Y-type. The I-type is arranged such that the gas injection jet and fuel injection nozzle are in opposite directions, while the Y-type is such that it forms a 'Y' shape with the nozzle and the passageway. Results obtained reveal that the Y-type arrangement is superior in combustion characteristics and emissions reduction to the I-type. A remarkable reduction in both particulate matter (PM) and NOx is realized at air injection timings during 35° and 65° after top dead centre (ATDC). The reduction mechanism can be explained as due to the induced turbulence which improves mixing and heat transfer. The effect of the modifications on the performance of the engine was evaluated based on the fuel economy and efficiency. This evaluation has shown that the test cylinder approximates closely to the normal cylinder of the original engine. © IMechE 1997.

DOI： 10.1243/0954407971526380

燃焼プロセスにおける有害金属の生成機構とその制御 : アメリカにおける研究動向

成瀬一郎

日本機械学会誌 Vol. 100 ( 947 ) page： 1108 1997

Fundamental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biobriquette.

Lu Guo-Qing, Toyama Tetsuya, Kim Hee-Joon, Naruse Ichiro, Ohtake Kazutomo, Kamide Mitsushi

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 23 ( 3 ) page： 404 - 412 1997

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Characteristics of pyrolysis and combustion of biobriquettes were studied by using an electrically heated batch combustor. The influences of biomass content of the biobriquette on the combustion characteristics which were obtained by measuring the fuel consumption profile and the experimental results were analyzed by both volume and shrinking-core reaction models. The following conclusions were obtained (1) total volatile matter content in the biobriquette was directly proportional to its biomass content. Biomass in the biobriquette promotes ignitability and burning rate of low grade coal ; (2) combustion time history was divided into two stages, in which volatile matter mainly evolved and burned to lead fixed carbon combustion ; (3) in the former stage, the reaction rate constant and its order always remained linear related to biomass content ; (4) in the latter stage, the combustion behavior may be simulated by using the shrinking-core reaction model and the reaction was controlled by oxygen diffusion through both the gas boundary layer film and the ash layer almost evenly, and ash layer diffusion coefficients were also linear related to biomass content.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.23.404

Computation Transport Phenomena in Chemical Engineering. Influence of Coal Type and Briquetting Conditions on Combustion Rate of Biobriquette.

Lu Guo-Qing, Kim Hee-Joon, Naruse Ichiro, Ohtake Kazutomo, Kamide Mitsushi

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 23 ( 6 ) page： 954 - 961 1997

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

The combustion time history of a biobriquette is divided into two stages in which volatile matter content mainly evolves and burns prior to char combustion. The volume model for the former stage and the shrinking-core reaction model for the latter stage are employed to calculate the combustion rate of the biobriquette. In this study, the influence of briquette shape, compression pressure and types of coal on the combustion rate are investigated by using the two models and experimental data. The shapes of spherical and cylindrical biobriquettes hardly influence the combustion behavior of the biobriquette (if they have same diameter and the length of cylinder is equal to its diameter). Compression pressure has no effect on the rate of the former stage but gave obvious effect on the latter stage through the density change of the biobriquette when it is under about 245 MPa. The reaction rate constant and its order vary linearly with the fuel ratio of coal briquette in the former stage. The type of coal and compression pressure have a larger influence on the rate of the latter stage due to different porosity in the ash layer. Finally, the combustion rate can be analyzed by the obtained models and semi-empirical equation.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.23.954

Fundamentals on Evaporation of Alkali Compounds.

Noda Reiji, Takano Tsuyoshi, Naruse Ichiro, Ohtake Kazutomo

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 23 ( 5 ) page： 635 - 643 1997

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

In order to obtain fundamental data for alkali metal vaporization, the evaporation rate of alkali chlorides and alkali sulfates (NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, K2SO4), which are major alkali compounds present in coal, were measured under inert, oxidizing and reducing atmosphere by using a thermobalance. A diffusion model was applied to obtain alkali metal evaporation data and identify an evaporating path and a rate controlling phenomena. Alkali chlorides evaporated as monomers and dimers. The evaporation rate is explained by a diffusion model. In the case of alkali sulfates, a dissociation reaction occurred simultaneously with evaporation as monomer. In inert and oxidizing atmospheres, the dissociation reaction was represented as M2SO4⇒2M+SO2+O2 Evaporation rates can be calculated by a diffusion model in oxidizing atmosphere. In an inert atmosphere, however, when dissociation becames remarkable evaporation rate is controlled by the dissociation rate. Under a reducing atmosphere the expected reaction was represented as M2SO4+2CO⇒2M+SO2+2CO2 This reaction does not reach equilibrium, so that the following reactions controll evaporation rate. M2SO4⇒2M+COS+5CO2 COS+2CO2⇒SO2+3CO

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.23.635

Characteristics of Desulfurization Reaction by Shells.

4-1. Characteristics of Biobriquette Combustion and Desulfurization of Shell

NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 4 ( 0 ) page： 103 - 106 1995

Naruse Ichiro, Nishimura Kiyoshi, Ohtake Kazutomo, Kawabe Teisuke

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 21 ( 5 ) page： 904 - 909 1995

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Desulfurization characteristics of shells (scallop (Hotate), short-necked clam (Asari) and oyster (Kaki)) were studied by using a thermobalance and compared to the results obtained by limestones (Tsukumi-and Funao-Brand) currently used as desulfurizers. First, such physical and chemical properties of these samples as specific surface area, pore size distribution and chemical constituents are identified. In the thermobalance experiments the calcination temperature, the rate of temperature increase to this point, and the desulfurizing temperature are changed, and the particle diameter is fixed in the range of 297-420 μm. After calcination is carried out in N2 gas, the sample is sulfurized in SO2+O2 gas in N2 balance. The cross-sectional sulfur distribution within the reacted particle is measured by a two-dimensional XMA. Results show there is no correlation between the desulfurization efficiency and the specific surface area. However the desulfurization efficiency depends on the pore size distribution. The desulfurization efficiency of shells becomes higher than that of limestones. In the case of limestone, sulfur is only trapped near the particle surface since the micro-pores are plugged due to CaSO4. In the case of the shells, however, the sulfur is distributed over the whole body.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.21.904

Study of N2O Formation Characteristics in Char Combustion.

Kuramoto Koji, Koizumi Kazuhiro, Naruse Ichiro, Ohtake Kazutomo

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 20 ( 4 ) page： 482 - 488 1994

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Formation/destruction characteristics of nitrous oxide (N2O) in bubbling fluidized-bed coal combustion, especially in char combustion, were experimentally studied, using a fixed-bed reactor in which char particles were packed in a single layer. In the combustion experiment, such combustion parameters as bed temperature, supplied oxygen concentration and char type were varied. The change of gas species concentration and compositions in the burning char were analyzed during the char combustion process. In the initial stage of char combustion, NO was produced rapidly, but N2O concentration increased slowly. This result is caused by N2O destruction due to H radical, which is produced from the oxidation of CO. In the latter half of combustion, however, N2O concentration increased faster since the formation rate of H radical decreased. The N2O concentration increased with decreasing bed temperature and with increasing supplied O2 concentration. This tendency is similar to that in the volatile combustion. From chemical and physical analyses of the burning char particles, the evolution behavior of N-component is influenced by the difference in surface and internal structures (network or balloon type) during the char combustion.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.482

Fossil Energy. Characteristics of N2O Formation/Destruction in Low Temperature Pulverized Coal Combustion.

Naruse Ichiro, Yamamoto Yasuyukim, Itoh Hirofumi, Ohtake Kazutomo

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 20 ( 6 ) page： 843 - 848 1994

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

One of the main sources of N2O production is considered to be exhaust gas released from low temperature coal combustors. In this study N2O formation/destruction characteristics in pulverized coal combustion under low temperature condition are discussed by changing coal types. The experimental apparatus is a one dimensional electrically heated laminar flow reactor. By calculating the mass balance of nitrogen included in both the sampled burning particles and combustion gas, the effect of gas species including nitrogen (HCN and NH3) on N2O formation is studied experimentally. N2O is mainly produced during volatile matter combustion. Coals which emit more HCN than NH3 produce higher N2O concentration. After volatile matter combustion, N2O concentration increases again and NO concentration decreases gradually. This result can be explained by means of the mass balance of nitrogen. An increase in N2O in char combustion may be caused not only by the reaction between NO and carbon in char : NO + (char-C) -NCO and NCO + NO→N2O +CO, but also the reaction between nitrogen in char and NO : (char-N) +NO→N2O. The conversion from fuel nitrogen to N2O increases with a decrease in the burning fraction and with a decrease in the fuel ratio. This tendency depends on the difference of temperature and combustion atmosphere surrounding coal particles.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.843

Formation Characteristics and Mechanisms of N2O in Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustion.

Naruse Ichiro, Imanari Masao, Koizumi Kazuhiro, Yuan Jian-Wei, Ohtake Kazutomo

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 20 ( 2 ) page： 178 - 185 1994

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

Characteristics and mechanisms of N2O formation/destruction in bubbling fluidized-bed coal combustion were studied experimentally and theoretically. Combustion experiments were carried out to find the influence of bed temperature, combustion stoichiometry, coal type and feeding method of coal particles on N2O formation. To obtain get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of N2O formation/destruction, the homogeneous volatile combustion in the freeboard were simulated numerically. The effect of bed temperature, combustion stoichiometry and volatile-N species on N2O formation and the controlling reactions of N2O formation/destruction are analyzed. This study finds that N2O concentration increases with decreasing bed temperature and with increasing combustion stoichiometry. On the other hand, NO concentration changes little against bed temperature, but increases with increasing combustion stoichiometry. N2O seems to be mainly formed from the volatile matter combustion. HCN and NH3, evolved as volatile-N species, strongly contribute to form N2O as well as NO. Especially, HCN contributes more to forming N2O than does NH3. On the other hand, H radicals produced by the oxidation reactions of CO and H2 promote the destruction of N2O.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.20.178

Combustion Rate Analysis of Fly Ash Containing Unburned Carbon.

Formation and Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide from a Circulating Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustor.

HIRAMA Toshimasa, HOSODA Hideo, MORITOMI Hiroshi, SUZUKI Yoshizo, HARADA Michiaki, SHIMIZU Tadaaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 72 ( 4 ) page： 252 - 262 1993

Chen Yong, Matsuda Hitoki, Hasatani Masanobu, Kondo Kiyoshi, Naruse Ichiro

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 19 ( 1 ) page： 48 - 54 1993

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

The combustibility of finely powdered fly ash A and B, discharged from a combustion furnace operated at 1673 K and a fluidized-bed combustor at 1123 K, respectively, was investigated by applying nonisothermal reaction analysis with a thermo-gravimeter. The combustion experiments were carried out in an atmosphere of air flow under the following conditions : sample size < 37μm, heating rate 1-1000 K/min, and temperature up to 1173K. The results obtained are as follows. 1) When heating rate is below 2 K/min the combustion becomes reaction-controlled; when it is above 700 K/min the combustion becomes diffusion-controlled. 2) The combustion reaction parameters and effective diffusivity of oxygen in ash were fly ash A : E 70.1 (kJ/mol), A=0.71 (Us kPa), Dc =1.66× 10-5 (cm2/s) fly ash B : E = 82.0 (kJ / mol), A=13.3 (1/s kPa), Dc= 1.94×10-5 (cm2/s) 3) The combustibility of fly ash A is sampller than that of char A. It was observed that part of the unburned carbon in fly ash A was converted to graphite. 4) The combustibility of fly ash B is slightly greater than that of char B. This difference was considered to be caused by the difference in specific surface area of unburned carbon between char B and fly ash B.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.19.48

Study on N<inf>2</inf>O formation/destruction characteristics in coal combustion under a wide temperature range

Naruse I., Yamamoto Y., Imanari M., Yuan J., Ohtake K.

Symposium (International) on Combustion Vol. 24 ( 1 ) page： 1415 - 1421 1992

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Symposium (International) on Combustion

Characteristics of N2O formation/destruction in coal combustion are studied experimentally and theoretically over a wide range of combustion temperature. The combustion experiments are carried out in pulverized (1200-1700 K) and bubbling fluidized bed (1000-1200 K) coal combustors to find the influence of combustion temperature, combustion air ratio and coal type on N2O formation. The effect of catalytic reactions by char, CaO and stainless steel particles on the N2O destruction reaction are also tested by using a packed bed reactor. In order to get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of N2O formation/destruction, numerical simulations are carried out for homogeneous volatile combustion and for combustion of single coal particles. The controlling reactions of N2O formation/destruction are analyzed. The experimental and numerical study found that N2O was mainly formed from the volatiles combustion. The low temperature and oxidizing atmosphere favor N2O formation. N2O concentration increases with decreasing temperature and with increasing air ratio. HCN and NH3, evolved as volatile-N species, make important contributions to the formation of N2O as well as NO. Especially, HCN contributes more to the formation of N2O than NH3 in the low temperature range. On the other hand, H radicals produced by the oxidation reactions of CO and H2 promote the destruction of N2O. Char, CaO and stainless steel particles also act as N2O destruction catalysts. © 1992 Combustion Institute.

DOI： 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80165-7

Gas-Solid Interfacial Heat Transfer in Circulating Fluidized Beds.

Watanabe Tomohide, Chen Yong, Naruse Ichiro, Hasatani Masanobu

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 18 ( 5 ) page： 600 - 606 1992

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

The local and the average heat transfer coefficients between gas and solid particles in a circulating fluidized bed were estimated by temperature profiles by use of the heat balance equation. Characteristics of interfacial heat transfer were studied on an experimental basis. The local heat transfer coefficient showed high value near the bottom of the riser. Above this elevation the local heat transfer coefficient gradually decreased to a constant value. The coefficient is influenced by a change in slip velocity between gas and solid particles. The average heat transfer coefficient was well correlated with the particle Reynolds number with slip velocity. The Nusselt number obtained in the circulating fluidized bed condition was low comparing with that in the pneumatic conveying and bubbling fluidized bed conditions. The Nusselt number decreased with an increase in total particle hold -up in the riser. These results suggest that heat transfer between gas and solid particles in the circulating fluidized bed condition depends on the solid particle behavior and gas flow characteristics.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.600

Development of Oil Leakage Detector for Dynamos and Transformers.

Naruse Ichiro, Inoue Toshio, Sakai Matsushige, Yasui Kiyoshi, Hasatani Masanobu

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 18 ( 5 ) page： 562 - 569 1992

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

To detect oil leakage in a dynamo or transformer, a direct and simple method is proposed in this study. The oil leakage detector was manufactured and tested as a labo -scale experiment. Sample insulation, lubrication and control oils were used. Based on the results obtained, the detector was applied to a practical dynamo and transformer. To study the coloring mechanism of the detector, important chemical species included in those oils were identified by using an FID gas chromatograph, a GC mass -spectral analyzer and a nuclear magnetic resonance analyzer. Labo -scale experiments showed that a detector combining a coloring matter with a developed color was usable for leakage detection of the three kinds of oil used. Water did not interrupt the oil leakage signal detected. From measurements of detail chemical properties the key coloring component was an aromatic proton. Before doing practical tests such the safety of the detector as the electric resistance, the destructive voltage of insulation and the temperature characteristics was confirmed in advance. The detector was able to defect oil leakage in practical use.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.562

Optical Simultaneous and Separate Measurement of Particle and Gas Temperature in Pulverized Coal Combustion Fields.

Yamamoto Yasuyuki, Goto Katsuji, Ichimaru Hiroshi, Naruse Ichiro, Ohtake Kazutomo

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 18 ( 5 ) page： 643 - 651 1992

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

An optical method to measure particle and gas temperatures simultaneously and separately was proposed in order to study a combustion mechanism in pulverized coal combustion fields. The particle temperature was measured by high-speed two-color thermometry. The gas temperature was measured by an Na-D line reversal method. The CT method was used to (computed tomography) estimate the cross-sectional tem-perature distributions along the pulverized coal combustion field. Attenuation of radiation by the particles along the optical path was taken into account in the temperature calculation. The applicability of this method was demonstrated by computer simulations for artificial temperature and particle concentration distributions. The temperature distribution in the furnace was correctly obtained by the experimental projection data by means of the CT method. The experimentally obtained particle and gas temperature distributions showed that there existed a great difference between these two temperatures. In the volatile combustion region the particle temperature was higher than the gas temperature, and the fluctuation of particle temperature was also larger than that of gas temperature. In the char combustion region, on the other hand, the gas temperature became higher than the particle temperature.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.18.643

Combustion limits of coal in two-stage CFM-bed combustor with exhaust heat recirculation.

Naruse Ichiro, Matsuda Hitoki, Hasatani Masanobu

KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU Vol. 15 ( 1 ) page： 105 - 112 1989

Language：Japanese Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan

A CFM-bed (Combined Fast Fluidized Bed and Moving Bed) gas-solid contactor was applied to a solid fuel combustor. This combustor was proposed as a promising solid-fuel combustor with high efficiency and a countermeasure against environmental pollution. The combustor is composed of a set of double pipes. A fast fluidized bed and/or an entrained bed is formed in the inner pipe where partial combustion of coal particles may take place. A moving bed is made at the outlet of the annular part wherechar combustion may happen. In the present study, Loy Yang coal and coke were used as a typical low-grade solid fuel. Rich and lean combustion limits were experimentally investigated with a single-staged combustion mode by changing the primary air ratio. It was confirmed that this combustor could be operated successfully in a wide operational range of primary air ratio from 0.3 to 2.4. The principal ignition mechanism of the fule in this combustor was made clear by considering not only internal particle circulation but also the exhaust heat recirculation from the annular part to the inner pipe.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.15.105

1-02　Oxy-Fuel Coal Combustion Behavior in a Fluidized Bed

Ash deposition mechanisms in Waste-to-Energy plants Invited Reviewed

Hiroshi NAGANUMA, Takehito MORI, Sho WATANABE, Akihiro SAWADA, Taeko GOTO, Yasuaki UEKI, Ryo YOSHIIE, Ichiro NARUSE

J-STAGE Mechanical Engineering Journal 2022.5

Ash deposition mechanisms in Waste-to-Energy plants, Reviewed

Hiroshi NAGANUMA, Takehito MORI, Sho WATANABE, Akihiro SAWADA, Taeko GOTO, Yasuaki UEKI, Ryo YOSHIIE, Ichiro NARUSE

J-STAGE Mechanical Engineering Journal, Article ID: 21-00435 2022.5

Ash Particle Behaviors during Combustion and Gasification of Coke Reviewed

Ueki Yasuaki, Teshima Koki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ISIJ INTERNATIONAL Vol. 60 ( 7 ) page： 1427 - 1433 2021

YAMANAKA Kento, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 57 ( 0 ) page： 4 - 5 2020

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Oxy-Fuel combustion is one of the techniques to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Meanwhile, fluidized bed combustion has the advantage of increasing combustion efficiency due to particle flow. Oxy-fuel coal combustion in a fluidized bed is a relatively new study, so the combustion behavior remains unclear. In this study, we investigated Oxy-fuel coal combustion behavior by comparing three combustion atmospheres, air, CO2-O2 and Oxy-Fuel using bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Especially in this research, we focused on the production of SOx, and in Oxy-fuel combustion, the concentration of SO2 increased due to the effect of recirculation. Regarding SO3 generation in Oxy-fuel combustion, the concentration became high due to the influence of SO2 circulation and H2O circulation.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.57.0_4

1-01　Influence of char structure on gasification behavior of pulverized coal

NEGISHI Takamasa, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, NAKANO Kaoru

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 57 ( 0 ) page： 2 - 3 2020

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Currently, pulverized coal is blown into blast furnaces to reduce the amount of coke used in the steelmaking process. On the other hand, in recent years, the grade of coal has been declining due to the increase in the use of coal, and the company has been forced to respond to the diversification of coal types. Therefore, in this study, we used a batch furnace to prepare three types of coal char, and then the cross-sectional observation of the char by SEM and specific surface area analysis by BET method using N2 were carried out. Coal with porous particles and high specific surface area values was found to have very high gasification reactivity for both CO2 and H2, while coal with balloon-type particles with large cavities inside the particles and low specific surface area values was found to have lower gasification reactivity.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.57.0_2

4-11　Degradation behavior of solid oxide fuel cell（SOFC）with trace hydrocarbons

ZHANG Hui, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 29 ( 0 ) page： 130 - 131 2020

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In this study, effects of tar-containing fuel gas on the SOFC with Ni-YSZ as anode electrode are evaluated. The simulated gas was hydrogen contaminated with toluene as model substance of tar. Electrochemical behaviors were investigated under several toluene concentrations in wet (2.3vol% H2O) H2 at 850°C during 30h using constant current measurement and impedance analysis in order to assess the SOFC's stability. Constant current measurements were conducted under 200mA/cm2 mainly and impedance analysis was conducted under OCV conditions. Experimental results show that the presence of tar dramatically reduces the electrochemical performance of SOFC even under a low concentration of 100ppm. It was also indicated this reduction tend to be serious when concentration of toluene increase.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.29.0_130

Direct analysis of saturated hydrocarbons using glow discharge plasma ionization source for mass spectrometry Reviewed

Nunome Yoko, Kodama Kenji, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Wagatsuma Kazuaki

TALANTA Vol. 204 page： 310 - 319 2019.11

Generation behavior of tar from ABS, PC, and PE during pyrolysis and steam gasification by mass spectrometry Reviewed

Nunome Yoko, Suzuki Toshiya, Nedjalkov Ivan, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Vol. 21 ( 6 ) page： 1300 - 1310 2019.11

Characteristics of Biomass Devolatilization and in Situ Char Gasification Tested by the Non-Isothermal Method Reviewed

Zeng Xi, Kahara Kaito, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Xu Guangwen, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS Vol. 33 ( 10 ) page： 9805 - 9817 2019.10

Removal of gaseous elemental mercury by hydrogen chloride non-thermal plasma modified biochar

Luo Jinjing, Jin Mingchang, Ye Lurong, Cao Yinan, Yan Yonggui, Du Rupeng, Yoshiie Ryo, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro, Lin ChinJung, Lee YiYuan

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Vol. 377 page： 132 - 141 2019.9

Development of a Heating Process of a Slag-Tapping Hole by Syngas Burning in a 150 t/d Entrained-Bed Coal Gasifier Reviewed

Ishiga Takuya, Kumagai Takeshi, Utano Masakazu, Yamashita Hiroshi, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS Vol. 33 ( 4 ) page： 3557 - 3564 2019.4

A novel CO2-water leaching method for AAEM removal from Zhundong coal Reviewed

Ding Lizhi, Gao Yaxin, Li Xian, Wang Wenhui, Xue Yi, Zhu Xianqing, Xu Kai, Hu Hongyun, Luo Guangqian, Naruse Ichiro, Yao Hong

FUEL Vol. 237 page： 786 - 792 2019.2

Effects of mechanical stresses around single tube on ash shedding in pulverized coal combustor Reviewed

Sato Naoki, Ueno Shun-ichiro, Ohno Emi, Tamura Masato, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Vol. 37 ( 3 ) page： 2875 - 2882 2019

Oxygen chemisorption and low-temperature oxidation behaviors of sub-bituminous coal

Yoshiie Ryo, Onda Masaomi, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol. 14 ( 1 ) page： JTST0005 - JTST0005 2019

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers and The Heat Transfer Society of Japan

The effective utilization of sub-bituminous coals should be extended as an energy source for power generation because of their low cost and long minable years. However, sub-bituminous coal may undergo spontaneous combustion owing to high reactivity with oxygen in low-temperature air compared with bituminous coal. Therefore, the objective of this study is to elucidate the low-temperature oxidation behaviors of sub-bituminous coal. In particular, transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation of sub-bituminous coal has been experimentally examined in detail. Isothermal gravimetric analyses are conducted for several bituminous and sub-bituminous coal samples at temperatures varying between 356 K and 476 K in oxygen-enriched air. The chemical compositions of emission gas are continuously monitored under low-temperature oxidation conditions. The changes in the chemical structure of the coals are analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experimental results show that the mass of all tested coals, including those of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals, increases at temperatures below 426 K as a result of oxygen chemisorption. At 476 K, the mass of sub-bituminous coal increases slightly with low H2 and CO2 emissions at the beginning and subsequently decreases with high CO and CO2 emissions. This mass change indicates that the transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation occurs during this period. In addition, the FTIR spectra of sub-bituminous coals show the existence of carbonyl groups even in raw coal samples. These carbonyl groups are considered to contribute to the formation of CO2 and H2 from the beginning of reactions, triggering the transition from oxygen chemisorption to low-temperature oxidation.

DOI： 10.1299/jtst.2019jtst0005

1-5　Adhesion characteristics of Si compounds on the De-NOx catalyst surface

NAKANISHI Kota, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, OKA Takanori, YOSHIDA Takuya, TANAKA Takeharu, AKIYAMA Katsuya

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 56 ( 0 ) page： 10 - 11 2019

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In coal-fired power generation, De NOx catalysts are known to deteriorate over time, but its mechanism has not been clarified yet. According to the previous research, it has been found that amorphous silica forms a thin layer on the catalyst surface, which composition are much different from those of coal ash. It implies that coal ash itself does not adhere on the surface of the catalyst, but Si compounds in the gas deposits to the catalyst. In order to confirm this consideration, deposition behaviors of vapor Si compounds to the catalyst surface were examined, and its effect on the catalyst performance was investig ated. High volatile siloxane was selected to simulate vapor Si compounds in exhaust gas. Two kinds of experiments are conducted, such as exposure and immersion tests. In the former, test pieces of the catalyst were exposed to siloxane vapor. In the latter, test pieces were immersed in liquid siloxane and calcined afterward. The amount of silica deposition on the surface of the catalyst was analyzed by SEM / EDX. In the catalyst performance evaluation test, dete rioration of the catalyst by silica adhesion wa s confirmed.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.56.0_10

1-2-1 Control of Ash Deposition in Pulverized Coal fired Boiler

TSUKAHARA Kyohei, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 28 ( 0 ) page： 8 - 9 2019

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Coal combustion process discharges a large amount of ash, compared with petroleum and natural gas combustions. Coal ash particles melt and partially volatilizes at high temperature zones, causing many problems. In this study, ash deposition experiment was carried out, using simulated heat transfer tubes made of thermal spraying material. Coal ash was injected into the furnace via high penetrance at a high temperature. The molten slag formation ratio of their chemical composition in a single coal was estimated by the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation and the change of ash deposition characteristics was quantitatively discussed.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.28.0_8

1-14　Co-combustion Behaviors of Woody Biomass with P ulverized C oal

NAGATA Jun, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, NARUKAWA Kimihito, MORII Kazuhiko

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 56 ( 0 ) page： 28 - 29 2019

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Currently, the proportion of fossil fuel in the primary energy supply in Japan is very high. So, the use of renewable energy is collecting a lot of attention as an alternative to fossil fuel. Biomass, a type of renewable energy, has the advantage of carbon neutral. On the other hand, Biomass has the disadvantage of low power generation efficiency when using power generation because of the low energy density. From these backgrounds, biomass co-combustion for coal fired power generation has been focused on. In this study, co-combustion experiments of pulverized coal and biomass samples were carried out, in order to investigate the effect of mixture ratios and types of biomass samples on co-combustion behaviors.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.56.0_28

Examination of the reduced combustion reaction mechanism for NOx concentration prediction in a waste incinerator

Denda T.

12th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2019 2019

Insight of arsenic transformation behavior during high-arsenic coal combustion

Yang Y.

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol. 37 ( 4 ) page： 4443 - 4450 2019

A deep insight into carbon conversion during Zhundong coal molten salt gasification

Mian Xu, Hongyun Hu, Yuhan Yang, Yongda Huang, Kang Xie, Huan Liu, Xian Li, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Vol. 220 page： 890 - 897 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier Ltd

Molten salt gasification is a promising way for collaborative use of solar energy and Zhundong coal, with in situ capture of Cl/S-pollutants as well as alkali metals. The present study provides a deep insight into carbon conversion during molten salt gasification of a typical Zhundong coal in ternary carbonate eutectics (Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3). The results demonstrated that the molten salt gasification of Zhundong coal underwent a rapid devolatilization of raw coal and then the gasification of char. The interactions between CO2 and volatiles promoted the cracking of macromolecular compounds, increasing the carbon conversion efficiency during the devolatilization process. The gasification of char was mainly determined by the direct reaction with molten salt, which was slightly affected by the CO2 concentration in the carrier gas. The results of char characterization evidenced that the condensation/graphitization of char was stimulated in the molten eutectics. Meanwhile, a large amount of O-containing groups, especially carbonyl groups, were formed in the molten salt treated char with carbonates as oxygen supplier. Under the influence of molten salts, some carbonyl groups would be formed inside the char. However, the decomposition of those carbonyl groups was suppressed by the mass transfer resistance of the released CO and/or CO2. Applying proper feeding mode, such as feeding coal in pulverized form, could enhance the contact of coal, molten salt and CO2, which remarkably promoted the interactions between molten salts and char containing functional groups.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.051

Development of soft ionization using direct current pulse glow discharge plasma source in mass spectrometry for volatile organic compounds analysis

Yoko Nunome, Kenji Kodama, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse, Kazuaki Wagatsuma

Spectrochimica Acta - Part B Atomic Spectroscopy Vol. 139 page： 44 - 49 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier B.V.

This study describes an ionization source for mass analysis, consisting of glow discharge plasma driven by a pulsed direct-current voltage for soft plasma ionization, to detect toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) rapidly and easily. The novelty of this work is that a molecular adduct ion, in which the parent molecule attaches with an NO+ radical, [M + NO]+, can be dominantly detected as a base peak with little or no fragmentation of them in an ambient air plasma at a pressure of several kPa. Use of ambient air as the discharge plasma gas is suitable for practical applications. The higher pressure in an ambient air discharge provided a stable glow discharge plasma, contributing to the soft ionization of organic molecules. Typical mass spectra of VOCs toluene, benzene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene and n-hexane were observed as [M + NO]+ adduct ion whose peaks were detected at m/z 122, 108, 136, 142 and 116, respectively. The NO generation was also confirmed by emission bands of NO γ-system. The ionization reactions were suggested, such that NO+ radical formed in an ambient air discharge could attach with the analyte molecule.

DOI： 10.1016/j.sab.2017.11.002

Combustion behaviors of wasted plastics coated around electric cables in electrically heated drop tube furnaces

Yoko Nunome, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Ivan Nedjalkov, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 20 ( 1 ) page： 543 - 551 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Springer Tokyo

For thermal recycle by wasted plastics coated around electric cables, ignition and combustion experiments of the pulverized samples were carried out, using two types of electrically heated drop tube furnace, in which the particles are pulsatively fed and continuously fed, respectively. The ignition phenomenon was defined as occurrence of luminous emission from a cloud of the particles fed in the former furnace. The wasted plastics coated around the electric cables mainly make of polyethylene with a little amount of carbon particles. The ignition characteristics of the pulverized plastic samples as well as graphite particles as a reference sample were studied, changing the particle diameters and the furnace wall temperatures. In the electrically heated drop tube furnace with the continuous feeding system, the wall temperature and stoichiometric combustion air ratio were varied to elucidate the fundamental combustion characteristics. As a result, the ignition temperature depended on the particle diameter. The plastics with the particle diameter ranged from 150 to 300 µm could ignite at the lowest furnace temperature. From the continuous combustion tests, CO and lower molecule hydrocarbons like CH4, C2H2 and C2H4 were produced in the upper region of furnace. Finally, all of them gradually burned out.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-017-0618-0

Case study on removal of heavy metals from waste incineration fly ash by acid leaching method

Yoshiie Ryo, Luo Jinjing, Cao Yinan, Sun Shiqiang, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

廃棄物資源循環学会研究発表会講演集 Vol. 29 ( 0 ) 2018

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：一般社団法人廃棄物資源循環学会

Four kinds of fly ash from three municipal solid incinerators in southern China were examined in this study. The characteristics of fly ash were examined and acid leaching treatment was used to remove heavy metals from samples. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was executed to assess the effect of acid leaching method to fly ash samples. The experiment results showed that the contents of Cd and Pb in the original fly ash were higher, which classified them into the hazardous waste list. With the treatment of water washing and acid leaching, all fly ash samples removed heavy metals efficiently and the contents of heavy metals in treated fly ash met the admittance criterion of sanitary landfill.

DOI： 10.14912/jsmcwm.29.0_603

No.1-18 Effect of Temperatures on Ash Particles Characteristics during Reaction of Coke

TESHIMA Koki, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 55 ( 0 ) page： 36 - 37 2018

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

One of the important purposes of the coke in the blast furnace is the spacer to ensure the gas and liquid permeability. In other hands, ash particles in coke became slags inside the furnace and these are one of the causes that significantly worsen the permeability. In this study, combustion and gasification experiments of coke were conducted at each experimental temperature. Ash particles in the coke samples were analyzed by using SEM in order to clarify effect of temperatures on ash particles characteristics during combustion and gasification of coke.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.55.0_36

Na & Ca removal from Zhundong coal by a novel CO2-water leaching method and the ashing behavior of the leached coal

Yaxin Gao, Lizhi Ding, Xian Li, Wenhui Wang, Yi Xue, Xianqing Zhu, Hongyun Hu, Guangqian Luo, Ichiro Naruse, Zongqing Bai, Hong Yao

FUEL Vol. 210 page： 8 - 14 2017.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Zhundong coalfield in China is the largest intact coalfield in the world. However, serious fouling and slagging issues occurred when the Zhundong coal combustion, because of its high Na and Ca contents. In this study, a novel CO2-water leaching method was proposed to remove Na and Ca in Zhundong coal. The removal efficiencies of Na and Ca and the ash characteristics of the leached coal were investigated in detail. The results show that the CO2-water leaching can be easily achieved at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. The removal efficiencies of Na and Ca by the CO2-water leaching were significantly higher than those of water leaching. It is attributed to the effective removal of the organic Na and Ca in the coal. In addition, the CaCO3 in the coal was also effectively removed by CO2-water leaching. The volatility of Na from CO2-water leached coal is only 25% of that of raw coal during the combustion at 900 degrees C. The alkali-acid ratio (B/A) of the CO2-water leached coal ash was significantly lower than those of the raw coal and the water leached coal ashes. The fusion temperature of the CO2-water leached coal ash significantly increased, compared with those of the raw coal and the water leached coal ashes. The deformation temperature of the CO2-water leached coal ash was as high as 1202 degrees C, much higher than those of the raw coal and water leached coal ashes, which were 1098 degrees C and 1142 degrees C, respectively. Besides, the agglomeration and sintering phenomena of coal ash was also inhibited significantly by the CO2-water leaching. Therefore, the CO2-water leaching method was found to be an effective and promising method for AAEM removal from Zhundong coal, and can markedly mitigate the fouling and slagging during Zhundong coal combustion.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.08.046

Interactions between molten salts and ash components during Zhundong coal gasification in eutectic carbonates

Junhao Shen, Hongyun Hu, Mian Xu, Huan Liu, Kai Xu, Xiuju Zhang, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

FUEL Vol. 207 page： 365 - 372 2017.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD

Molten salt gasification provides a promising way for the combined usage of solar energy and coal, during which molten salts act as a heat storage and transfer medium. However, the interactions between coal ash components and molten salts might have undesired effects on the molten salt gasification. The present study investigated the distribution of mineral matters in typical Zhundong coals and the fate of coal ashes in the high-temperature Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 eutectic system. The results showed that alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) were widely distributed in Zhundong coals in the forms of NaCl, CaCO3, CaSO4 and organic matter, which were predominantly dissolved in the molten salts. After the dissolution of these AAEMs, the melting temperature and enthalpy of the molten salts were changed, while the viscosity of the mixtures was hardly affected in melting phase. On the other hand, Si/Al-compounds were also of high content in some Zhundong coals, existing as quartz, kaolin and amorphous species. Some of these compounds tended to react with molten salts, by forming Li-silicate or Li/K-aluminosilicates, which were precipitated out of the system. Meanwhile, the suspension of the unreacted Si/Al-compounds increased the viscosity of molten salts. Additionally, interactions between coal ashes and molten salts brought about the decrease in thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the eutectic system as well as the increase in specific heat capacity. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.079

Effect of hydrogen gas addition on combustion characteristics of pulverized coal

Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse, Shinroku Matsuzaki

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 161 page： 289 - 294 2017.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

A promising approach to decrease CO2 emissions from blast furnaces during ironmaking is to blow a reducing gas containing hydrogen into blast furnaces from their tuyeres. However, the combustion behavior of pulverized coal in the presence of a hydrogen-containing gas has not been elucidated. In this work, the combustion experiments of pulverized coal using a drop tube fumace were carried out to investigate the effect of H-2 gas addition on the combustibility of pulverized coal. The combustion ratio of char particles in the presence of H-2 gas (when introduced at a flow rate of 0.10 L/min) was larger than that in the absence of H-2 gas. This is because of the enhanced release of volatile matter from coal and the combustion of char due to an increase in the temperature of the coal particles, which was caused by the drastic combustion of H-2 gas. The combustion ratio of char particles when H-2 gas was added at flow rates higher than 0.21 L/min was considerably smaller than that obtained when H-2 gas was not added. It was found that the combustibility of coal was enhanced when an optimum H-2 gas flow rate was used. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.034

Investigation of fragmentation and coalescence behavior of ash particles in simulated coal combustion

Ryo Yoshiie, Hitoshi Nishimura, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse, Naoki Sato, Takamasa Ito, Wonyoung Choi, Shunichiro Ueno

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 161 page： 101 - 106 2017.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

In order to predict ash deposition in a pulverized coal combustion process, the fragmentation, detachment, and coalescence behavior of ash particles in coal were quantitatively evaluated to distinguish between excluded and included minerals. The experiments for simulated EM heating and simulated coal combustion were carried out in a drop tube furnace. Change in the numbers of EM and IM particles were measured at different residence times by scanning a sampling probe along the flow direction in the reactor tube. The rate constants of EM fragmentation were estimated from the simulated EM heating experiment. The solution to a system of differential equations that includes the effects of fragmentation, detachment, and coalescence as functions for the numbers of EM and IM was obtained as a kinetic model. These functions were fitted to the experimental results for simulated coal combustion experiment to obtain the rate constants for detachment and coalescence. This method was also applied to previous experimental results using three actual coal samples. The rate constants of detachment and coalescence were mainly affected by char structure during coal combustion. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.033

Energy system simulation of regenerable Molten Alkali Carbonates for gasification of carbonaceous resources

Fundamental Combustion Behaviors of Solid Industrial Wastes

Asai Toshihiko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Terasaki Junichi, Ueno Naoki

JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF ENERGY Vol. 96 ( 6 ) page： 167-175 2017.6

Fundamental Combustion Behaviors of Solid Industrial Wastes

Asai Toshihiko, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Terasaki Junichi, Ueno Naoki

JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN INSTITUTE OF ENERGY Vol. 96 ( 6 ) page： 167-175 2017.6

Raharjo S.

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Vol. 12 ( 7 ) page： 2306 - 2312 2017.4

Tar and soot generation behaviors from ABS, PC and PE pyrolysis

Ivan Nedjalkov, Ryo Yoshiie, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

JOURNAL OF MATERIAL CYCLES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT Vol. 19 ( 2 ) page： 682 - 693 2017.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：SPRINGER

In this study we performed a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis on three thermoplastics-ABS, PC and PE. The Coats and Redfern method (Nature 201: 68-69, 1964) was then used to approximate the kinetic parameters of each material. In addition, we performed a series of pyrolysis experiments in a batch reactor, for each plastic. The experiments were performed over the temperature range of 600-1000 degrees C at a constant residence time. The liquid and solid products of the pyrolysis, were collected, separated and weighted. Those products were categorized as soot, tar and char (PC only), and their relative weight to initial sample weight (DAF) was plotted against the temperature. The tar measured was exclusively medium to high molecular weight (>80 g/mol). Results revealed that relative tar and soot production, for all three materials, first increases and then decreases with temperature increase. The maximum achieved tar yields for ABS, PC and PE were at 700, 650 and 800 degrees C, respectively; and the maximum soot yields were at 1000, 1000, 950 degrees C, respectively.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-016-0470-7

1-4-1 Effect of coal types on low-temperature oxidation behaviors of coal

YOSHIIE Ryo, ONDA Masaomi, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichoro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 24 - 25 2017

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Consumption of subbituminous coal will be expanded due to its low cost and long minable years around the world. However, a control of spontaneous firing at the stock yard is one of outstanding issues for the utilization of subbituminous coal. Therefore, an objective of this study is the elucidation of low-temperature oxidation behaviors of subbituminous coals. Several subbituminous and bituminous coals were selected as experimental samples for low-temperature oxidation. Mass changes of coal samples were measured by thermos-balance at the temperature between 356K and 476K in 50%N2-50%O2 atmosphere. Differences of molecular structures of coals between before and after low-temperature oxidation were analyzed by FTIR As a result, the aliphatic carbon in the coal was confirmed to react with oxygen, forming carbonyl group.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_24

5-2-1 Combustion Behaviors of Solid Combustible Wastes under Isothermal Conditions

UEKI Yasuaki, ASAI Toshihiko, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, TERASAKI Junichi, UENO Naoki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 26 ( 0 ) page： 186 - 187 2017

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

To elucidate fundamental combustion behaviors of some solid combustible wastes under isothermal conditions, the isothermal combustion experiments are carried out, using an electrically heated vertical batch furnace. The effects of the furnace temperature and the oxygen partial pressure in the reaction atmosphere on the combustion behaviors are studied experimentally and kinetically. As a result, the completion period of the overall combustion decreases with increases of both the furnace temperature and the oxygen partial pressure.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.26.0_186

No.1-1 Elucidation of distribution behaviors of trace elements during coal gasification process

ATSUMI Shota, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 54 ( 0 ) page： 2 - 3 2017

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.54.0_2

CO2 Regeneration of Used Alkali Carbonates for High-Temperature Desulfurization in Gasification

Raharjo Slamet, Nedjalkov Ivan, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS Vol. 30 ( 10 ) page： 8556 - 8560 2016.10

Effects of Coal Type on Growth and Shedding of Ash Deposit in Pulverized Coal Combustors

Sato Naoki, Ueno Shunichiro, Priyanto Dedy E., Ohno Emi, Matsuzawa Yoshiaki, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ENERGY & FUELS Vol. 30 ( 7 ) page： 6059 - 6069 2016.7

Capture of Gaseous Mercury by Waste-Derived Particles as Sorbents

Yoshiie Ryo, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN Vol. 49 ( 3 ) page： 312 - 316 2016.3

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

Flue gases contain elemental mercury formed by combustion/incineration processes, and it is difficult to remove them by conventional gas cleaning devices. Researchers have developed a few sorbent materials to capture gaseous elemental mercury. Our study also found two candidate sorbent materials using low-cost waste derived particles, a paper sludge incineration ash and a carbonized municipal solid waste char. The main objective of this study is to elucidate the capturing mechanisms of gaseous elemental mercury in these two sorbents. In order to analyze the chemical states of the mercury adsorbed on the sorbents, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses of the mercury captured by sorbents are conducted. The XANES spectra of the two sorbents were found to be similar to those of Hg2Cl2 and HgS standard chemicals, while the XANES spectrum of the commercialized activated carbon for mercury capture was similar to that of elemental mercury. These results suggest that the gaseous mercury is captured and fixed on the sorbents via oxidation by chlorine and sulfur present in the sorbents.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.14we339

Gasification Characteristics of Woody Biomass with Mixture Gas of CO2 with H2O

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN Vol. 49 ( 3 ) page： 287 - 293 2016.3

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：公益社団法人化学工学会

The objectives in the present study are to elucidate the fundamental gasification characteristics of woody biomass with a mixture gas of CO2 and H2O. The effects of temperature and gasification agents on the gasification characteristics of woody biomass were experimentally studied using an electrically heated drop tube furnace. The co-gasification performance of CO2 with H2O was compared with the CO2 or H2O gasification performance alone. As a result, H2 and CO concentrations increased with an increase of temperature under both the co- and single-gasification conditions. CO under the co-gasification condition was produced more than under the single-gasification condition. The H2 formation showed the opposite tendency to the CO formation during the co-gasification. This synergistic effect is caused by the difference of the surface structure of the woody biomass particles by CO2 from H2O.

DOI： 10.1252/jcej.14we338

Preface to the Special Issue for Energy Engineering

Naruse Ichiro, Ohtomo Junichiro, Qian Eika W., Yoshiie Ryo

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN Vol. 49 ( 3 ) page： 235 - 235 2016.3

Development of thermal spraying materials through several corrosion tests for heat exchanger tube of incinerators Reviewed

Juan Chen, Yoshihiko Ninomiya, Hiroshi Naganuma, Yoriaki Sasaki, Manabu Noguchi, Hiromitsu Cho, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 141 ( 2 ) page： 216-224 2016.1

Development of thermal spraying materials through several corrosion tests for heat exchanger tube of incinerators Reviewed

Juan Chen, Yoshihiko Ninomiya, Hiroshi Naganuma, Yoriaki Sasaki, Manabu Noguchi, Hiromitsu Cho, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 141 ( 2 ) page： 216-224 2016.1

Development of thermal spraying materials through several corrosion tests for heat exchanger tube of incinerators

Chen Juan, Ninomiya Yoshihiko, Naganuma Hiroshi, Sasaki Yoriaki, Noguchi Manabu, Cho Hiromitsu, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 141 page： 216 - 224 2016.1

Performance indicators for air and air-steam auto-thermal updraft gasification of biomass in packed bed reactor Reviewed

Joseph H. Kihedu, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 141 page： 93 - 98 2016.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Auto-thermal updraft gasification of biomass pellets in a packed bed reactor was conducted by using air and air-steam mixture. Air-steam gasification produced syngas with slightly improved lower heating value of 4.5 MJ/m(N)(3), in comparison to 4.4 MJ/M-N(3) produced during air gasification. The corresponding tar generation for air gasification and air-steam gasification was 212 g/m(N)(3) and 26.2 g/m(N)(3), respectively. Cold gas efficiency for air gasification and air-steam gasification was realized to be 91% and 91.4%, respectively. Carbon conversion during air-steam gasification reached about 91.5% while carbon conversion during air gasification was limited to 84.3%. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.07.015

519 Removal of Trace Elements in Coal Gasification Atmosphere by Sorbent

ポリ硫酸第二鉄の熱分解特性に関する研究 Reviewed

義家亮，坂下基，植木保昭，成瀬一郎

硫酸と工業 Vol. 69 ( 6 ) page： 1-9 2016

膜分離溶媒抽出を用いた廃潤滑油再生手法の開発 Reviewed

義家亮，片岡直也，植木保昭，成瀬一郎

廃棄物資源循環学会論文誌 Vol. 27 page： 37-43 2016

廃棄物系炭化物による空気および還元性雰囲気中の元素水銀の捕捉特性 Reviewed

植木保昭，義家亮，澤浩明，成瀬一郎

鉄と鋼 Vol. 102 ( 1 ) page： 56-60 2016

Effects of Coal Type on Growth and Shedding of Ash Deposit in Pulverized Coal Combustors Reviewed

Naoki Sato, Shunichiro Ueno, Dedy E. Priyanto, Emi Ohno, Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

Enargy Fuels page： in press 2016

ar and soot generation behaviors from ABS, PC and PE pyrolysis Reviewed

Ivan Nedjalkov, Ryo Yoshiie, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag page： , in press 2016

Sintering characteristics of CaO-rich municipal solid waste incineration fly ash through the addition of Si/Al-rich ash residues Authors Reviewed

Hong-Yun Hu,Huan Liu,Qiang Zhang,Ping-An Zhang,Ai-Jun Li,Hong Yao,Ichiro Naruse

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 18 ( 2 ) page： 340–347 2016

Gasification Characteristics of Woody Biomass with Mixture Gas of CO2 with H2O

Yasuaki UEKI, Ryo YOSHIIE, Ichiro NARUSE

Jornal of Chemical Engineering of Japan Vol. 49 ( 3 ) page： 287-293 2016

Performance indicators for air and air–steam auto-thermal updraftgasification of biomass in packed bed reactor Reviewed

Vol. 141 page： 93–98 2016

YOSHIIE Ryo, MIZUNO Yuta, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch Vol. 2016 ( 0 ) page： _519 - 1_-_519-2_ 2016

Capture Characteristics of Gaseous Elemental Mercury by Carbonized Waste in Air and Reducing Atmospheres

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Sawa Hiroaki, Naruse Ichiro

Tetsu-to-Hagane Vol. 102 ( 1 ) page： 56 - 60 2016

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

Coal contains harmful trace elements. Especially, mercury has high volatility. Mercury of approximately 27% in coals used in coal fired power plants is released as gaseous elemental mercury in a flue gas to the atmosphere. In an ironmaking system, since large amounts of coal are used as a reducing agent and heat source, there is a possibility that the gaseous elemental mercury emits from some processes. Therefore, an objective in this work is to develop adsorbents that are able to capture the gaseous elemental mercury in an air atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere. In this work, carbonized wastes (sewage sludge, paper sludge, woody biomass and municipal solid waste) were used as experimental samples. As a result, the municipal solid waste char has the highest property to capture the elemental mercury in the air atmosphere at 423 K. From results of X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) analyses, the mercury captured in the municipal solid waste char was mainly captured as mercury sulfide (HgS) on the char. On the other hand, a mercury capture ratio of the municipal solid waste char in the reducing atmosphere was lower than that in the air atmosphere.

DOI： 10.2355/tetsutohagane.TETSU-2015-046

No.1-1 Oxy-Fuel Coal Combustion Behavior in a Fluidized Bed

ar and soot generation behaviors from ABS, PC and PE pyrolysis Reviewed

Ivan Nedjalkov, Ryo Yoshiie, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag page： , in press 2016

Effects of Coal Type on Growth and Shedding of Ash Deposit in Pulverized Coal Combustors Reviewed

Naoki Sato, Shunichiro Ueno, Dedy E. Priyanto, Emi Ohno, Yoshiaki Matsuzawa, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

Enargy Fuels page： in press 2016

Gasification Characteristics of Woody Biomass with Mixture Gas of CO2 with H2O

Yasuaki UEKI, Ryo YOSHIIE, Ichiro NARUSE

Jornal of Chemical Engineering of Japan Vol. 49 ( 3 ) page： 287-293 2016

ASAI Ryosuke, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 53 ( 0 ) page： 2 - 3 2016

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Oxy-Fuel coal combustion has drawn attention in the world as useful technique to achieve carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). It is a technology to enrich CO2 in exhaust gas by the flue gas recirculation with additional pure O2 to combustion atmosphere, which makes easy to capture CO2. Meanwhile, bubbling fluidized bed coal combustion has advantages of direct sulfur capturing in bed material and decreasing of thermal NOX in low combustion temperature. Objectives of this paper are to understand hazardous emission behaviors during the oxy-coal fluidized bed combustion under the actual flue gas recirculation condition, compared with those under the air and CO2-O2 combustion conditions. A lab-scale fluidized bed reactor was utilized as the experimental equipment. Dusts were separated from flue gas via cyclone downstream, and carbon contents in them were analyzed to estimate carbon balances through the reactor.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.53.0_2

Sintering characteristics of CaO-rich municipal solid waste incineration fly ash through the addition of Si/Al-rich ash residues Authors Reviewed

Hong-Yun Hu, Huan Liu, Qiang Zhang, Ping-An Zhang,Ai-Jun Li, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management Vol. 18 ( 2 ) page： 340–347 2016

No.1-3 Evaluation of coalescence and detachment behaviors of ash particle in pulverized coal combustion

MATSUYAMA Tatsuya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 53 ( 0 ) page： 6 - 7 2016

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

One of the major problems in pulverized coal combustion process is ash deposit phenomena such as slagging and fouling. The behaviors of Included Minerals (IM) and Excluded Minerals (EM) are an important factor to predict and control such ash deposit phenomena. Then, we sampled pulverized coal particles in different carbon conversion and coal types using Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) and analyzed ash particles by Computer Controlled Scanning Electric Microscope (CCSEM) in previous study3). In this study, we made the models of single pulverized coal particle in combustion process using data gotten by CCSEM analysis and evaluated IM/EM particle properties such as particle number, particle diameter and composition in different carbon conversion and coal types through the simulation.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.53.0_6

No.1-2 Capture and Oxidation Mechanism of Mercury in Coal Combustion Exhaust Gas

SAKAIDA Masaya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 53 ( 0 ) page： 4 - 5 2016

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Coal combustion is one of the major mercury emission sources. The majority of mercury emissions from coal combustion is an elemental mercury. This is because oxidized mercury is water-soluble and easily captured, but on the other hand elemental mercury is water-insoluble and difficult to capture. In this study, we expected the De-NOx catalyst to have a mercury capture/oxidation performance and performed mercury capture/oxidation experiment using the De-NOx catalyst as a sorbent. In the result, when HCl is present in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst oxidized mercury and when HCl is not present in the atmosphere, the De-NOx catalyst showed high mercury capture performance. Furthermore, De-NOx catalyst maintained high mercury capture performance at a relatively high temperature (673 K).

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.53.0_4

ポリ硫酸第二鉄の熱分解特性に関する研究 Reviewed

義家亮, 坂下基, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

硫酸と工業 Vol. 69 ( 6 ) page： 1-9 2016

膜分離溶媒抽出を用いた廃潤滑油再生手法の開発 Reviewed

義家亮, 片岡直也, 植木保昭, 成瀬一郎

廃棄物資源循環学会論文誌 Vol. 27 page： 37-43 2016

廃棄物系炭化物による空気および還元性雰囲気中の元素水銀の捕捉特性 Reviewed

植木保昭, 義家亮, 澤浩明, 成瀬一郎

鉄と鋼 Vol. 102 ( 1 ) page： 56-60 2016

Heating technique of slag-tapping hole in high-temperature coal gasifier Reviewed

Takuya Ishiga,Fumihiko Kiso,Akinori Suetsugu,Masakazu Utano, Hiroshi Yamashita, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

, Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 138 page： 100-108 2015.10

微粉炭燃焼ボイラー内における灰挙動の解明 Reviewed

成瀬一郎，義家亮，植木保昭，佐藤直樹

ボイラ研究 ( 393 ) page： 27-33 2015.10

Heating technique of slag-tapping hole in high-temperature coal gasifier Reviewed

Takuya Ishiga, Fumihiko Kiso, Akinori Suetsugu, Masakazu Utano, Hiroshi Yamashita, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

, Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 138 page： 100-108 2015.10

Heating technique of slag-tapping hole in high-temperature coal gasifier

Ishiga Takuya, Kiso Fumihiko, Suetsugu Akinori, Utano Masakazu, Yamashita Hiroshi, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 138 page： 100 - 108 2015.10

微粉炭燃焼ボイラー内における灰挙動の解明 Reviewed

成瀬一郎, 義家亮, 植木保昭, 佐藤直樹

ボイラ研究 ( 393 ) page： 27-33 2015.10

Effects of flue gas re-circulation and nitrogen contents in coal on NOX emissions under oxy-fuel coal combustion

Yoshiie Ryo, Hikosaka Naoki, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 136 page： 106 - 111 2015.8

Growth and gravity shedding of ash deposition layer in pulverized coal combustors

Sato Naoki, Priyanto Dedy Eka, Ueno Shunichiro, Matsuzawa Yoshiaki, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Vol. 134 page： 1 - 10 2015.6

Growth and gravity shedding of ash deposition layer in pulverized Reviewed

Naoki Sato, Dedy Eka Priyanto, Shunichiro Ueno, YoshiakiMatsuzawa, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie , Ichiro Naruse

coal combustors Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 134 page： 1-10 2015

Effects of flue gas re-circulation and nitrogen contents in coal on NOX emissions under oxy-fuel coal combustion Reviewed

Ryo Yoshiie , Naoki Hikosaka , Yoko Nunome , Yasuaki Ueki , Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 136 page： 106-111 2015

Mechanism of chromium oxidation by alkali and alkaline earth metals during municipal solid waste incineration Reviewed

Hongyun Hu, Zhang Xu, Huan Lin, Dunkui Chen, Aijun Li, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol. 35 page： 2397-2403 2015

213 Tar generation behaviors in waste plastic gasification with steam

YOSHIIE Ryo, SUZUKI Toshiya, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro

The Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch Vol. 2015 ( 0 ) page： _213 - 1_-_213-2_ 2015

3-1-4 Gasification Behavior and tar reduction in Packed-bed Biomass Gasifier

YAMADA Atsushi, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 24 ( 0 ) page： 70 - 71 2015

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

The purpose of this study is the gasification behavior of biomass in the packed-bed, carrying out gasification experiment (updraft and downdraft gasification). In this study, pellets of black pine (φ6.5 mm × 8.5 mm) were fed intermittently and using air as the gasification agent. In the gasification tests, the temperature distribution and the gas compositions in the gasifier were measured during gasification, and the amount of tar in the gasified gas was measured. In addition, the steam was injected in the gasifier in order to reduce the amount of tar.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.24.0_70

5-2-4 Ash Deposition Behavior at blended coal combustion in Pulverized Coal Combustion Boiler

NARUKAWA Kimihito, INAGAKI Hironobu, AZUMA Yuichi, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 24 ( 0 ) page： 192 - 193 2015

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

In order to use the low-grade coals which are out of the power station requirement, blending of high-grade coals have been carried out in pulverized coal power station. However, for ash adhesion such as slagging and fouling, which is one of the important evaluation items of the coal, improvement of coal characteristics by the blending of coal does not become clear. It is necessary to establish the ash adhesion evaluation technology on the blending of the coal to reduce the cost of generation and increase availability of coal because most of low-grade coals are low ash fusion temperature. The purpose of this work is elucidation of ash deposition behavior at blended coal combustion. Ash deposits were collected on a heat transfer tube with an ash deposit experiment at some blend condition. In addition, we calculated the molten fraction of each blending condition by chemical equilibrium theory, using FactSage Ver.6.3.1 software.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.24.0_192

Combustion Behavior of Pulverized Coal and Ash Particle Properties during Combustion

Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro

ISIJ INTERNATIONAL Vol. 55 ( 6 ) page： 1305 - 1312 2015

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：一般社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

CO2 emissions from blast furnaces should be reduced to curtail the impact of global warming. A promising solution is the low reducing agent rate (RAR) operation of blast furnaces. Char and ash particles derived from pulverized coal affect permeability in the furnace during low RAR operation. In our study, the combustion behavior and ash particle properties of pulverized coal during combustion were investigated. Char particles formed during combustion were sampled using a drop tube furnace, and then analyzed for their combustion ratio and ash particle properties. As a result, the combustion behavior of pulverized coal and properties of ash particles in raw coal were different by a coal type. Moreover, the combustibility of pulverized coal and the variation in ash particle properties during combustion were affected by the structure of the char particles.

DOI： 10.2355/isijinternational.55.1305

Mechanism of chromium oxidation by alkali and alkaline earth metals during municipal solid waste incineration

Effects of flue gas re-circulation and nitrogen contents in coal on NOX emissions under oxy-fuel coal combustion Reviewed

Ryo Yoshiie, Naoki Hikosaka, Yoko Nunome, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 136 page： 106-111 2015

Hu Hongyun, Xu Zhang, Liu Huan, Chen Dunkui, Li Aijun, Yao Hong, Naruse Ichiro

PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE Vol. 35 ( 2 ) page： 2397 - 2403 2015

Mechanism of chromium oxidation by alkali and alkaline earth metals during municipal solid waste incineration Reviewed

Hongyun Hu, Zhang Xu, Huan Lin, Dunkui Chen, Aijun Li, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol. 35 page： 2397-2403 2015

Growth and gravity shedding of ash deposition layer in pulverized Reviewed

Naoki Sato, Dedy Eka Priyanto, Shunichiro Ueno, YoshiakiMatsuzawa, Yasuaki Ueki, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse

coal combustors Fuel Processing Technology Vol. 134 page： 1-10 2015

No.26 Evaluation of corrosion resistance and ash deposition of thermal spraying materials to reduce ash deposition for biomass waste incinerator

SASAKI Yoriaki, NAGANUMA Hiroshi, NOGUCHI Manabu, CHO Hiromitsu, NINOMIYA Yoshihiko, CHEN Juan, NARUSE Ichiro, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 52 ( 0 ) page： 52 - 53 2015

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Some ash particles of biomass fuels adhere to heat exchanger tube surfaces, which causes some troubles such as heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and hot corrosion in incineration plants. In this study, the authors have developed a surface treatment technology of tubes via a thermal spraying technology and a corrosion-resistant coating to reduce the ash deposition and the hot corrosion. Both the results of 'High-temperature Corrosion Test' and 'Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)' are exhibited in this paper. The major conclusions are drawn as follows: Polarization conductance of specimens can be evaluated by means of equivalent circuits which are assumed on the interface between specimens and simulated ash. Moreover, it is clear that EIS is available for evaluating the corrosion resistance.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.52.0_52

No.50 Elucidation of oxygen adsorption properties of coal

ONDA Masaomi, UEKI Yasuaki, YOSHIIE Ryo, NARUSE Ichiro, HASEGAWA Masakazu, HATTORI Masanori, INAGAKI Hironobu

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 52 ( 0 ) page： 100 - 101 2015

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Coal has better stability of price and supply compared to other fossil fuels. In particular, subbituminous coal is expected effective utilization because that has low cost and long minable years. However, subbituminous coal has the self-ignition risk that caused by reacting with oxygen in the air. Therefore, an objective of this study is the elucidation of oxygen adsorption properties of coal. Experimental samples are some kinds of the subbituminous coal and bituminous coal. In the oxygen adsorption experiments between 356K and 476K in 50%N_2-50%O_2 atmosphere, the amount of oxygen adsorption on the coal was determined by thermobalance. As a result, it is found that the oxygen adsorption amount of bituminous coal is larger than those of subbituminous coal and oxygen adsorption amount is correlated with the carbon content of the coal.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.52.0_100

No.28 Elucidation of Ash Deposition Behaviors of Blended Coal in Pulverized Coal-fired Boiler

MORISHITA Jumpu, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of Conference on Coal Science Vol. 52 ( 0 ) page： 56 - 57 2015

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Ash deposition behaviors on heat transfer tubes under blended coal combustion condition have been becoming one of important issues associated to recent pulverized coal-fired boilers. In this study, ash deposition experiments, using two ash samples from bituminous and subbituminous coals, at two different temperatures, 1050℃ and 1250℃, were carried out and the mass of ash deposition was measured. Deposited ash samples were solidified by epoxy resin, and then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). In addition, fractions of liquid slag in ash were estimated by Thermo-equilibrium calculation to analyze ash melting characteristics.

DOI： 10.20550/jiesekitanronbun.52.0_56

Dual role of conditioner CaO in product distributions and sulfur transformation during sewage sludge pyrolysis

Liu Huan, Zhang Qiang, Hu Hongyun, Xiao Ruxi, Li Aijun, Qiao Yu, Yao Hong, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL Vol. 134 page： 514 - 520 2014.10

Counter-flow air gasification of woody biomass pellets in the auto-thermal packed bed reactor

Kihedu Joseph H., Yoshiie Ryo, Nunome Yoko, Ueki Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

FUEL Vol. 117 ( PARTB ) page： 1242 - 1247 2014.1

Counter-flow air gasification of woody biomass pellets in the auto-thermal packed bed reactor Reviewed

Joseph H. Kihedu, Ryo Yoshiie, Yoko Nunome, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Vol. 117 page： 1242-1247 2014

Mechanism of chromium Oxidation by alkali and alkaline earth metals during municipal solid waste incineration Reviewed

Hongyun Hu, Zhang Xu, Huan Liu, Dunkui Chen, Aijun Li, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute page： 0 2014

Using sorbents to control heavy metals and particulate matter emission during solid fuel combustion Reviewed

Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Particuology Vol. 7 page： 477-482 2014

Dual role of conditioner CaO in product distributions and sulfur transformation during sewage sludge pyrolysis Reviewed

Huan Liu, Quang Zhang, Hongyun Hu, Ruxi Xiao, Aijun Li, Yu Qiao, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Vol. 134 page： 514-520 2014

Use of Soft Plasma Ionization Source at Evacuated Air Atmospheres in Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Suppress Fragmentation of Volatile Organic Compounds, Reviewed

Nunome Yoko, Park Hyunkook, Kodama Kenji, Ueki Yasuaki, Yoshiie Ryo, Lee Sang C., Kitagawa Kuniyuki, Wagatsuma Kazuaki, Naruse Ichiro

SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS Vol. 48 ( 6 ) page： 436-440 2014

Effect of Woody Biomass Addition on Coke Properties. Reviewed

Yasuaki Ueki, Yoko Nunome, Ryo Yoshiie, Ichiro Naruse, Yuko Nishibata and Sadayoshi Aizawa

ISIJ International Vol. 54 page： 2454-2460 2014

328 Fundamental studies of combustion characteristics of low-grade coal

YOSHIIE Ryo, MAEDA Kouhei, NUNOME Yoko, UEKI Yasuaki, NARUSE Ichiro, PAK Haeyang, AKIYAMA Katsuya

The Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch Vol. 2014 ( 0 ) page： _328 - 1_-_328-2_ 2014

Dual role of conditioner CaO in product distributions and sulfur transformation during sewage sludge pyrolysis Reviewed

Huan Liu, Quang Zhang, Hongyun Hu, Ruxi Xiao, Aijun Li, Yu Qiao, Hong Yao, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Vol. 134 page： 514-520 2014

Dramatic Response of S-1 Administration to Chemorefractory Advanced Thymic Cancer.

Kaira K, Naruse I, Imai H, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Motegi M, Asao T, Yamada M

Chemotherapy Vol. 60 ( 5-6 ) page： 356 - 9 2014

Counter-flow air gasification of woody biomass pellets in the auto-thermal packed bed reactor Reviewed

Joseph H. Kihedu, Ryo Yoshiie, Yoko Nunome, Yasuaki Ueki, Ichiro Naruse

Fuel Vol. 117 page： 1242-1247 2014

7-4-2 Analysis of tar generated during thermal decomposition of plastics waste

SUZUKI Toshiya, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki, Naruse Ichiro

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 23 ( 0 ) page： 276 - 277 2014

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Currently, one methods of recycling waste plastics include gasification. Gasification is carrying out thermal decomposition of the carbon resources, such as coal and the biomass for generating combustible gas. However, gasification will generate tar which is a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It generate as a by-product. If the amount of generation of tar can be reduced, failure of a gas engine can be prevented, and also generation gas can also be increased. So, in this research, by adding vapor as a gasifying agent, when gasifying a plastic, reduction of tar was aimed at and the gasification behavior was inquired using the Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS).

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.23.0_276

7-2-1 Evaluation of corrosion resistance of thermal spraying materials to reduce the ash deposition for waste incinerator

SASAKI Yoriaki, NAGANUMA Hiroshi, NOGUCHI Manabu, CHO Hiromitsu, NINOMIYA Yoshihiko, CHEN Juan, NARUSE Ichiro, YOSHIIE Ryo, UEKI Yasuaki

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of The Japan Institute of Energy Vol. 23 ( 0 ) page： 260 - 261 2014

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：The Japan Institute of Energy

Some ash particles of solid fuels adhere to heat exchanger tube surfaces, which causes some troubles such as heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and hot corrosion in incineration plants. The authors have developed a surface treatment technology of tubes via a thermal spraying technique (TST) to reduce the ash deposition. Both the results of 'High-temperature corrosion test' and 'Alternating current impedance testing' were exhibited in this paper. The corrosion resistance of TST was evaluated by measuring the polarization conductance and weight loss in corrosive conditions. As a result, it was clear that some materials of TST have high corrosion resistance and the AC impedance testing is available for evaluating the corrosion resistance.

DOI： 10.20550/jietaikaiyoushi.23.0_260

Effect of Woody Biomass Addition on Coke Properties

Ueki Yasuaki, Nunome Yoko, Yoshiie Ryo, Naruse Ichiro, Nishibata Yuko, Aizawa Sadayoshi

ISIJ INTERNATIONAL Vol. 54 ( 11 ) page： 2454 - 2460 2014

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：一般社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

The price of caking coal, which is used in the production of metallurgical coke, has risen in recent years. Also of concern is the amount of CO2 emitted from steel industries, comprising approximately 15% of total CO2 emissions in Japan. Therefore, CO2 emissions from the ironmaking process should be reduced to avoid global warming. In this work, fundamental research is conducted on the effect of adding woody biomass to the properties of coke, with the aim of possibly using woody biomass, which is carbon neutral, as a raw material in coke-making. Experimental results showed that the connectivity between coal particles in the coke sample during carbonization and coke strength drastically decrease by adding woody biomass to caking coal. However, the coke properties of the coke sample with added woody biomass could be improved by removing the partly volatile matter of woody biomass before mixing with caking coal, and as a result, the possibility of using woody biomass as a raw material for coke-making with prior carbonization at temperatures of more than 500°C was found.

DOI： 10.2355/isijinternational.54.2454