記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Frontiers in Pharmacology  

Background: As drug-metabolizing enzyme activities are affected by a variety of factors, such as drug-drug interactions, a method to evaluate drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in real time is needed. In this study, we developed a novel SPECT imaging probe for evaluation of hepatic CYP2D activity. Methods: Iodine-123- and 125-labeled 4-iodobenzylmequitazine (123/125I-BMQ) was synthesized with high labeling and purity. CYP isozymes involved in the metabolism of 125I-BMQ in mouse liver microsomes were evaluated, and the utility of 123/125I-was assessed from biological distribution and SPECT imaging evaluation in normal and CYP2D-inhibited mice. Results: In vitro metabolite analysis using mouse liver microsomes showed that 125I-BMQ is specifically metabolized by CYP2D. Biological distribution and SPECT imaging of 123/125I-BMQ in normal mice showed that injection 123/125I-BMQ accumulated early in the liver and was excreted into the gallbladder and intestines. In CYP2D-inhibited mice, accumulation in the liver was increased, but accumulation in the gallbladder and intestines, the excretory organ, was delayed. Since only metabolites of 125I-BMQ are detected in bile, visualization and measuring of the accumulation of metabolites over time in the intestine, where bile is excreted, could predict the amount of metabolites produced in the body and evaluate CYP2D activity, which would be useful in determining the dosage of various drugs metabolized by CYP2D. Conclusion: 123/125I-BMQ is useful as a SPECT imaging probe for comprehensive and direct assessment of hepatic CYP2D activity in a minimally invasive and simple approach.

DOI： 10.3389/fphar.2024.1397288

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Physica Medica  

Background: The dead-time loss reportedly degrades the accuracy of dosimetry using a gamma camera for targeted radionuclide therapy with Lu-177; therefore, the dead-time loss needs to be corrected. However, the correction is challenging. In this study, we propose a novel and simple method to shorten the apparent dead time rather than correcting it through experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. Methods: An energy window of 208 keV ± 10 % is generally used for the imaging of Lu-177. Lower-energy gamma photons and X-rays of Lu-177 do not contribute to image formation but lead to dead-time losses. In our proposed method, a thin lead sheet was used to shield gamma photons and X-rays with energies lower than 208 keV, while detecting 208 keV gamma photons that penetrated the thin sheet. We measured and simulated the energy spectra and count rate characteristics of a clinical gamma camera system using a cylindrical phantom filled with a Lu-177 solution. Lead sheets of 1.0- and 0.5-mm thicknesses were used as thin shields, and the dead-time losses in tumour imaging with consumed Lu-177 were simulated. Results: The apparent dead times with lead sheets of 1.0- and 0.5-mm thicknesses and without a lead sheet were 1.7, 1.9, and 5.8 µs for an energy window of 208 keV ± 10 %, respectively. The dead-time losses could be reduced from 10 % to 1.3 % using the 1.0-mm thick lead sheet in the simulated imaging of tumour. Conclusion: Our method is promising in clinical situations and studies on Lu-177 dosimetry for tumours.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103298

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出版者・発行元：Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research  

Context: Imaging the mutation status of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using radiolabeled tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) analogs has garnered interest due to their unique interactions with the target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Rociletinib is a third-generation TKI that selectively inhibits the activated EGFR L858R/T790M mutations while sparing the wild-type EGFR. Aims: To synthesize a rociletinib analog for radioiodination purposes and evaluate its affinity for EGFR L858R/T790M using molecular docking and in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Methods: The rociletinib analog, N-{3-[(4-{[4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl]amino}-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2-yl)amino] -5-iodophenyl} acrylamide (I-RMFZ), was produced by adding iodine into the diaminophenyl group and changing the position of the trifluoromethyl group. A simulation of molecular docking was conducted using the AutoDock Vina software suite. IC50 of I-RMFZ was determined using a cell cytotoxicity assay. Results: I-RMFZ was successfully synthesized through multistep reactions. Molecular docking revealed that I-RMFZ interacts with the EGFR L858R/T790M mutation. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that I-RMFZ had a high selectivity towards EGFR L858R/T779M mutation. Conclusions: I-RMFZ is notable for radioiodination and is anticipated to be comparable with in vivo features of rociletinib. Thus, I-RMFZ can potentially be developed as an imaging agent for NSCLC through preclinical assay.

DOI： 10.56499/jppres23.1743_12.2.231

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Annals of Nuclear Medicine  

Purpose: N-benzyl-N-methyl-2-[7, 8-dihydro-7-(2-[18F] fluoroethyl) -8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl] acetamide ([18F] FEDAC) is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that targets the translocator protein (TSPO; 18 kDa) in the mitochondrial outer membrane, which is known to be upregulated in various diseases such as malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroinflammation. This study presents the first attempt to use [18F]FEDAC PET/CT and evaluate its biodistribution as well as the systemic radiation exposure to the radiotracer in humans. Materials and Methods: Seventeen whole-body [18F]FEDAC PET/CT (injected dose, 209.1 ± 6.2 MBq) scans with a dynamic scan of the upper abdomen were performed in seven participants. Volumes of interest were assigned to each organ, and a time–activity curve was created to evaluate the biodistribution of the radiotracer. The effective dose was calculated using IDAC-Dose 2.1. Results: Immediately after the intravenous injection, the radiotracer accumulated significantly in the liver and was subsequently excreted into the gastrointestinal tract through the biliary tract. It also showed high levels of accumulation in the kidneys, but showed minimal migration to the urinary bladder. Thus, the liver was the principal organ that eliminated [18F] FEDAC. Accumulation in the normal brain tissue was minimal. The effective dose estimated from biodistribution in humans was 19.47 ± 1.08 µSv/MBq, and was 3.60 mSV for 185 MBq dose. Conclusion: [18F]FEDAC PET/CT provided adequate image quality at an acceptable effective dose with no adverse effects. Therefore, [18F]FEDAC may be useful in human TSPO-PET imaging.

DOI： 10.1007/s12149-023-01895-0

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：BioImpacts  

Introduction: Imaging a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using radiolabeled tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has attracted attention due to their unique interaction with the target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Olmutinib (OTB) is one of the third-generation EGFR TKIs, which selectively inhibit EGFR L858R/T790M mutation. In this study, we aim to estimate the interaction of the iodinated OTB (I-OTB)-receptor complex by molecular docking. Furthermore, we will synthesize the I-OTB and evaluate its activity toward EGFR L858R/T790M by in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Methods: A molecular docking simulation was carried out using an AutoDock Vina program package to estimate the interaction of the ligand-receptor complex. The I-OTB, N-{3-iodo-5-[(2- {[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]aminothieno{3,2-d}pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy]phenyl} acrylamide, was synthesized by introducing an iodine atom in the phenyl group in the 3-aryloxyanilide structure. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined by employing a 2-(2-methoxy- 4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt (WST- 8) assay to evaluate the activity of I-OTB. Results: The docking study exhibited that I-OTB could take an interaction similar to that of the parent compound. We successfully synthesized I-OTB and confirmed its structure by instrumental analysis. The binding energy of OTB and I-OTB in complex with EGFR T790M are -8.7 and -7.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The cytotoxicity assay showed that I-OTB also has an affinity towards the EGFR L858R/T790M mutation with the IC50 10.49 ± 5.64 μM compared to the EGFR wild type with the IC50 over than 10 μM. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity effect of I-OTB was comparable to that of OTB. This result indicates that the iodine substituent in OTB did not alter the parent compound selectivity toward double mutations EGFR L858R/T790M. Therefore, I-OTB is prominent for radioiodination, and [123/124I] I-OTB may be a promising candidate for EGFR L858R/T790M mutation imaging.

DOI： 10.34172/bi.2023.27774

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CiNii Research