Updated on 2024/10/21

写真a

 
MENG Xianwei
 
Organization
Graduate School of Informatics Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences 1 Associate professor
Graduate School
Graduate School of Informatics
Undergraduate School
School of Informatics Department of Human and Social Informatics
Title
Associate professor
Contact information
メールアドレス
External link

Degree 1

  1. Doctor (Psychology) ( 2018.3   Kyushu University ) 

Research Areas 1

  1. Humanities & Social Sciences / Cognitive science  / 心理学 / 発達 / 社会 / 教育 / 実験 / 乳児 / 幼児

Research History 9

  1. 一般社団法人子どもと育ちのコホート研究・実践協会   理事

    2024.8

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  2. Nagoya University   Graduate School of Informatics   Associate professor

    2023.4

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  3. Nara Medical University   School of Medicine

    2021.4 - 2023.3

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  4. Osaka University   Graduate School of Human Sciences   Assistant Professor

    2021.4 - 2023.3

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    Country:Japan

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  5. Doshisha University   Office for Research Initiatives and Development   Assistant Professor

    2019.7 - 2021.3

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  6. Waseda University   Research Institute for Science and Engineering

    2018.4

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  7. Kyoto University

    2018.4 - 2019.6

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  8. Kyushu Women's University   Faculty of Humanities

    2017.4 - 2018.3

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  9. Kyushu University   Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies

    2015.4 - 2018.3

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Awards 13

  1. Nojima Hisao Award

    2024.10   Japanese Cognitive Science Society  

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  2. 大阪大学賞(若手教員部門)

    2022.11   大阪大学  

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  3. Young Investigator’s Award

    2022.7   22th Congress of The Japanese Society of Baby Science  

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  4. 若手優秀発表賞

    2020.12   新学術領域「トランスカルチャー状況下における顔身体学の構築:多文化をつなぐ顔と身体表現」  

    石井辰典・孟憲巍・杉本海里・板倉昭二・渡邊克巳

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  5. Young Investigator’s Award

    2020.9   20th Congress of The Japanese Society of Baby Science  

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  6. 最優秀発表賞

    2019.12   新学術領域「トランスカルチャー状況下における顔身体学の構築:多文化をつなぐ顔と身体表現」  

    石井辰典・孟憲巍・森口佑介・渡邊克巳

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  7. 優秀発表賞

    2019   日本心理学会  

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  8. 九州大学学生表彰 学術研究活動表彰

    2018   九州大学  

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  9. 育志賞(第8回)

    2018   日本学術振興会  

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  10. 学位授与式 博士総代

    2018   九州大学  

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  11. 若手優秀発表賞

    2017   次世代脳プロジェクト・冬のシンポジウム2017  

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  12. 企画賞

    2016   対馬市・対馬フォーラム2016  

    秋保亮太・孟憲巍・土中哲秀・花松泰倫

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  13. 優秀発表賞

    2016   日本赤ちゃん学会若手部会  

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Papers 29

  1. I like that doll: Japanese children’s, parents’, and adults’ racial preferences toward dolls and peers

    Mako Okanda, Xianwei Meng

    PREPRINT (Version 1) avaiable at Research Square     2024.8

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    Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    Abstract <p>Toys help shape children’s perceptions of others and the world (e.g., aspects like racial diversity). Despite Japan’s reputation as one of the most traditional Eastern regions, its doll market predominantly features dolls with whitish features rather than Asian or other ethnic characteristics. It remains uncertain whether this preference for whitish dolls is driven by the choices of Japanese children, adults, or both. This study investigated the preferences of Japanese children aged three to nine, parents, and non-parents regarding dolls of different races, including Asian, Black, and White. Participants were asked to choose their favorite, most attractive, or kindest dolls or peers. Additionally, we examined whether the doll or peer preferences of children aligned with those of parents. Children exhibited an anti-Black bias toward dolls but showed a preference for their racial peers. Both adult groups demonstrated a pro-White bias, particularly when selecting the most attractive dolls or peers. Notably, the dolls parents chose for their children did not align with the children’s preferences, indicating that Japanese parents prioritize their own preferences over those of their children. Furthermore, Japanese children could accurately identify themselves as Asian when presented with dolls and human peers.</p>

    DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4791391/v1

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    Other Link: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-4791391/v1.html

  2. Gender stereotypes regarding power and niceness in Japanese children Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Mako Okanda, Yasuhiro Kanakogi, Moe Uragami, Hiroki Yamamoto, Yusuke Moriguchi

    Royal Society Open Science   Vol. 11 ( 7 )   2024.7

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:The Royal Society  

    Belief in gendered social power imbalance (i.e. males are more powerful than females) leads to undesirable gender disparities, but little is known about the developmental origins of this belief, especially in Eastern cultures. We investigated the development onset of this belief by focusing on 4–7-year-old Japanese children while considering another belief (females are nicer than males) for comparison. In the dyadic context tasks, children saw pairs of animated characters depicting powerful–powerless or kind–unkind postures and judged the characters' gender (boy or girl). Results suggested both ‘nice = female’ and ‘powerful = female’ gender stereotypes in children. In the collective context tasks, children were presented with stories in occupational contexts, including multiple unspecified people and verbal cues, describing more explicitly the powerful and nice traits of the protagonists. The results replicated the ‘nice = female’ gender stereotype. Moreover, early ‘powerful = male’ gender stereotypes were seen in 6-year-old boys but not among girls in general. These findings demonstrate that Japanese children's beliefs regarding gender differences in power vary depending on the context in which male–female interactions are presented. Additionally, the study reveals that signs of the ‘powerful = male’ social power gender stereotype emerge around the age of 6.

    DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230863

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    Other Link: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.230863

  3. Socio-Emotional Behaviors of Japanese Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

    Yusuke Moriguchi, Chifumi Sakata, Xianwei Meng, Naoya Todo

    Sage Open   Vol. 14 ( 3 )   2024.7

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    Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SAGE Publications  

    A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread widely throughout the world. To reduce the spread of infection, children are prevented from going to school and have fewer opportunities for in-person communication. Such changes in the everyday lives of children might influence their socio-emotional behaviors; however, the whole picture of the possible impact was not well known. This study examined socio-emotional behaviors of Japanese children (aged 4–9) during the pandemic and compared the data to the data before the pandemic. Children’s socio-emotional behaviors in an everyday context was assessed using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results indicated that during the pandemic, children were more prosocial and experienced more problems in their peer relationships, but no differences were found in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity between before and during the pandemic. The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has mixed impacts on children’s socio-emotional behaviors, implying that this topic should be considered in broader and fuller perspectives.

    DOI: 10.1177/21582440241268800

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    Other Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/21582440241268800

  4. People Copy Success More Than Failure in Social Learning Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Junichi Oishi, Minori Onishi, Momoka Sakaguchi, Sota Yabushita, Yasuhiro Kanakogi

    SAGE Open   Vol. 14 ( 1 )   2024.1

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:SAGE Publications  

    Social learning is a fundamental mechanism for efficiently transferring and coordinating norms, skills, and sophisticated cultural information to individuals. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying social learning remain unclear. To investigate this, we recruited adult participants ( N = 103), who observed a model’s performance in a two-choice reward-searching task. Two cues were used to determine the reward, with both cues possessing an alternative signal that had a specific rule for finding the reward. Although the model succeeded with one cue but failed with another, both possessed equal information, which enabled the participants to find the reward. Participants were more likely to use the cue linked to the model’s success than the model’s failure when asked to solve the task by themselves. This “copy success” bias reflects the psychological process underlying social learning suggested by previous evolutionary theories and provides practical suggestions for efficient learning processes.

    DOI: 10.1177/21582440241234508

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    Other Link: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/21582440241234508

  5. Children attribute higher social status to people who have extraordinary capabilities Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Tatsunori Ishii, Kairi Sugimoto, Yo Nakawake, Yusuke Moriguchi, Yasuhiro Kanakogi, Katsumi Watanabe

    Cognition   Vol. 239   page: 105576 - 105576   2023.10

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105576

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  6. Crossmodal correspondences between visual features and tastes in preschoolers: an exploratory study Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Na Chen, Junya Ishida, Katsumi Watanabe, Taro Murakami

    Frontiers in Psychology   Vol. 14   2023.8

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Frontiers Media SA  

    Introduction

    Adults possess a natural inclination to associate sensory cues derived from distinct modalities, such as the pairing of sweet with pink. However, studies exploring crossmodal correspondences in children, particularly in the sensory pairing of visual features and tastes, are scant, leaving unanswered questions regarding the developmental trajectory of crossmodal correspondences. The present study investigates whether Japanese preschool children demonstrate specific biases in shape–color, shape–taste, and color–taste associations.

    Methods

    In a series of in-person experiments, 92 children between 3 to 6 years of age completed matching tasks utilizing paper stimuli.

    Results

    Children exhibit crossmodal correspondences in shape-color (circle-red and asymmetrical star-yellow), shape–taste (triangle-salty and circle-sweet), and color–taste (yellow-sour, black-bitter, and pink-sweet) associations. Moreover, children’s choices are not influenced by their individual preferences.

    Discussion

    The crossmodal correspondences observed in this study have been observed in previous research on adults from the same (Japanese) culture, although adults showed more crossmodal correspondences than the children in this study (e.g., pink-circle, triangle-sour, and green-bitter). Thus, while some crossmodal correspondences emerge during childhood, others may require additional time to develop, thereby highlighting the importance of understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying crossmodal correspondences from an ontogenic perspective.

    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1226661

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  7. Ordinance influences individuals' perceptions towards prospects of social circumstance but not the status quo: An experimental field study on sexual minorities issues in Japan Reviewed

    Takeru Miyajima, Yo Nakawake, Xianwei Meng, Ryunosuke Sudo

    Asian Journal of Social Psychology     2023.4

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12568

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  8. 新型コロナウィルスによるパンデミック下の社会性発達に関する横断的・縦断的検討 Reviewed

    森口佑介, 王珏, 坂田千文, 孟憲巍, 萩原広道, 山本希, 渡部綾一

    発達心理学研究   Vol. 33 ( 4 ) page: 325 - 331   2022.12

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  9. COVID-19 school and kindergarten closure relates to children's social relationships: a longitudinal study in Japan Reviewed International journal

    Hiromichi Hagihara, Nozomi Yamamoto, Xianwei Meng, Chifumi Sakata, Jue Wang, Ryoichi Watanabe, Yusuke Moriguchi

    Scientific Reports   Vol. 12 ( 1 ) page: 814 - 814   2022.12

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>The COVID-19 pandemic has led children to experience school closures. Although increasing evidence suggests that such intense social quarantine influences children’s social relationships with others, longitudinal studies are limited. Using longitudinal data collected during (T1) and after (T2) intensive school closure and home confinement, this study investigated the impacts of social quarantine on children’s social relationships. Japanese parents of children aged 0–9 years (<italic>n</italic> = 425) completed an online questionnaire that examined children’s socio-emotional behavior and perceived proximity to parents or others. The results demonstrated that social quarantine was not significantly related to children’s socio-emotional behavior across all age groups. However, changes in children’s perceived proximity varied depending on certain age-related factors: elementary schoolers’ perceived closeness to parents significantly decreased after the reopening of schools, whereas that to others, such as peers, increased. Such effects were not observed in infants and preschoolers. The follow-up survey 9-month after the reopening of schools (T3; <italic>n</italic> = 130) did not detect significant differences in both children’s socio-emotional behavior and perceived proximity from that after the intense quarantine. These findings suggest that school closure and home confinement may have influenced children’s social development differently across their age, and its effects were larger in perceived closeness rather than social behavior.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04944-2

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    Other Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-04944-2

  10. A cross-cultural investigation of people’s intuitive beliefs about the origins of cognition Reviewed International coauthorship

    Xianwei Meng, Jinjing Jenny Wang, Yuichiro Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Shoji Itakura

    Frontiers in Psychology   Vol. 13   2022.11

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Frontiers Media SA  

    Nature vs. nurture is an enduring theme of studies of the mind. Past studies on American children and adults have revealed a preference for thinking that even fundamental cognitive abilities documented in human infants and non-human species are late-emerging and reliant on learning and nurture. However, little is known about the generalizability of this “intuitive empiricist” belief and what factors may help explain it. Adult participants (N = 600) reported their beliefs about the emergence of several fundamental cognitive abilities demonstrated by preverbal infants. Studies 1A-1C showed that adults from both Japan and the US similarly estimated an older age of onset for cognitive abilities in human children as compared to the findings of cognitive science and consistently attributed acquisition of these abilities to learning rather than innateness in humans, and they made these learning attributions more so for humans than for non-human species. Study 2 showed that participants’ beliefs about biological evolution versus creationism were related to their age onset estimates for fundamental cognitive abilities, and their beliefs about the malleability of intelligence were related to participants’ explanations of the origin of fundamental cognitive abilities. These findings suggest generalizable preferences for nurture over nature across both Eastern and Western cultures (Japan and the United States), which may be related to people’s beliefs about human origins and the power of learning.

    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.974434

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  11. Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability in Japanese children Reviewed

    Mako Okanda, Xianwei Meng, Yasuhiro Kanakogi, Moe Uragami, Hiroki Yamamoto, Yusuke Moriguchi

    Scientific Reports   Vol. 12 ( 1 )   2022.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    Abstract

    Japan has a large gender gap; thus, this study examined whether Japanese 4- to 7-year-old children exhibit a “brilliance = males” stereotype and whether parental attitudes toward gender roles were related to children’s stereotypes. We also explored whether the children exhibited such stereotypes in response to various stimuli. We showed children photos (Study 1) and stick figures (Study 2) of men, women, boys, and girls, asking them to attribute traits (smart or nice) to each. Study 1 revealed overwhelming in-group positivity in girls, whereas the results for boys were rather mixed. In Study 2, girls generally attributed nice to their own gender compared to boys. However, “brilliance = males” stereotypical responses were observed from 7 years of age, when boys began to be more likely to attribute smartness to their own gender compared to girls. The new data in Study 3 replicated results of Study 1 and parts of the results of Study 2. Moreover, merging the Study 3 data with that of Studies 1 and 2 confirmed their findings. Furthermore, it replicated the “brilliance = males” stereotype among 7-year-olds in the stick figure task. Parental attitudes toward gender roles were unrelated to children’s gender stereotypes. The results indicated that Japanese children may acquire “brilliance = males” stereotypes later than American children (6-years-old). Furthermore, the results were clearer when children were presented with stick figure stimuli.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20815-2

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    Other Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-20815-2

  12. Individual differences in children’s anthropomorphic tendencies to their special objects Reviewed

    Masanori Yamaguchi, Meng Xianwei, Mikako Ishibashi, Yusuke Moriguchi, Hisashi Mitsuishi, Shoji Itakura

    Cognitive Development   Vol. 63   page: 101224 - 101224   2022.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101224

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  13. Children’s social evaluation toward prestige-based and dominance-based powerholders Reviewed

    Masahiro Amakusa, Xianwei Meng, Yasuhiro Kanakogi

    BMC Research Notes   Vol. 15 ( 180 )   2022.5

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    Authorship:Corresponding author   Language:English  

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  14. Baby’s Online Live Database: An Open Platform for Developmental Science Reviewed

    Masaharu Kato, Hirokazu Doi, Xianwei Meng, Taro Murakami, Sachiyo Kajikawa, Takashi Otani, Shoji Itakura

    Frontiers in Psychology   Vol. 12   2021.10

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Frontiers Media SA  

    Efficient data collection in developmental studies is facing challenges due to the decreased birth rates in many regions, reproducibility problems in psychology research, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we propose a novel platform for online developmental science research, the Baby’s Online Live Database (BOLD), which extends the scope of the accessible participant pool, simplifies its management, and enables participant recruitment for longitudinal studies. Through BOLD, researchers can conduct online recruitment of participants preregistered to BOLD simply by specifying their attributes, such as gender and age, and direct the participants to dedicated webpages for each study. Moreover, BOLD handles participant recruitment and reward payment, thereby freeing researchers from the labor of participant management. BOLD also allows researchers the opportunity to access data that were collected from participants in previous research studies. This enables researchers to carry out longitudinal analyses at a relatively low cost. To make BOLD widely accessible, a consortium was formed within the Japan Society of Baby Science, where members from diverse research groups discussed the blueprint of this system. Once in full-scaled operation, BOLD is expected to serve as a platform for various types of online studies and facilitate international collaboration among developmental scientists in the near future.

    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729302

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  15. Development of synchrony‐dominant expectations in observers Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Masaharu Kato, Shoji Itakura

    Social Development   Vol. 31 ( 2 ) page: 497 - 509   2021.9

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Wiley  

    DOI: 10.1111/sode.12556

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    Other Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/sode.12556

  16. Family Presence Restrictions and Telemedicine Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Reviewed

    Mio Ozawa, Haruyo Sakaki, Xianwei Meng

    Children   Vol. 8 ( 7 ) page: 0 - 11   2021.7

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:MDPI AG  

    We aimed to describe parental presence policy and telemedicine use in Japanese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study was performed through an online survey in 110 level III units from 19 November 2020 to 18 December 2020. Nurses’ evaluation of the current situation (during COVID-19) was compared with their retrospective pre-COVID-19 (December 2019) evaluation. Responses were received from 52 NICUs distributed across all regions in Japan. The median allowed parental presence time decreased from 12 h to 1 h, and 29 NICUs allowed entry of parents simultaneously during COVID-19. There was an increase in the number of units providing telemedicine through telephone and online visits during COVID-19 compared to that before COVID-19 (from 2% to 19%). The hybrid design NICUs, with 11–89% of beds in single-patient rooms, allowed a longer parental presence time in the NICUs than those with ≥90% of beds in multi-bed rooms. The number of units implementing kangaroo care decreased during COVID-19 compared to that before COVID-19. The need for telemedicine increased among Japanese NICUs to mitigate the adverse effect of parental restriction and limited physical contact due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

    DOI: 10.3390/children8070590

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  17. Preverbal infants expect agents exhibiting counterintuitive capacities to gain access to contested resources Reviewed International coauthorship

    Xianwei Meng, Yo Nakawake, Kazuhide Hashiya, Emily Burdett, Jonathan Jong, Harvey Whitehouse

    Scientific Reports   Vol. 11 ( 1 )   2021.5

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    <title>Abstract</title>Claims to supernatural power have been used as a basis for authority in a wide range of societies, but little is known about developmental origins of the link between supernatural power and worldly authority. Here, we show that 12- to 16-month-old infants expect agents exhibiting counterintuitive capacities to win out in a two-way standoff over a contested resource. Infants watched two agents gain a reward using either physically intuitive or physically counterintuitive methods, the latter involving simple forms of levitation or teleportation. Infants looked longer, indicating surprise, when the physically intuitive agent subsequently outcompeted a physically counterintuitive agent in securing a reward. Control experiments indicated that infants’ expectations were not simply motived by the efficiency of agents in pursuing their goals, but specifically the deployment of counterintuitive capacities. This suggests that the link between supernatural power and worldly authority has early origins in development.

    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89821-0

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    Other Link: http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89821-0

  18. Source memory and social exchange in young children Reviewed International coauthorship

    Xianwei Meng, Tatsunori Ishii, Kairi Sugimoto, Shoji Itakura, Katsumi Watanabe

    Cognitive Processing   Vol. 22 ( 3 ) page: 529 - 537   2021.4

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    DOI: 10.1007/s10339-021-01028-3

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    Other Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10339-021-01028-3/fulltext.html

  19. Neural basis for egalitarian sharing in five-to six-year-old children Reviewed International journal

    Xianwei Meng, Yusuke Moriguchi

    Neuropsychologia   Vol. 154   page: 107787 - 107787   2021.2

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Elsevier BV  

    Preferring fair resource distribution reflects human cooperative nature, but its neural correlates in young children are not well known. We investigated the neural mechanism of egalitarian resource sharing in five-to six-year-old children to examine the possibility that early egalitarianism requires behavioral control to inhibit selfish impulses. In Study 1, children participated in a behavioral control task in which they either needed or did not need to inhibit their impulsive behavioral responses in order to quickly press a key. They subsequently allocated their resources to strangers by choosing a 2:2, 3:1, or 4:0 distribution. The activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal (dlpfc) regions was recorded by functional near-infrared spectroscopy measurements. We found that dlpfc regions were activated during cognitive tasks involving behavioral control and also during the equal, but not the more selfish, allocations. There was no difference among these allocations. The results did not show evidence of an ego depletion effect on children's sharing behavior, which predicts that children will share less after their behavioral control is taxed in a cognitive task (i.e., their self-control resource depleted). Study 2 showed no activation of the dlpfc regions during third-party equal allocations in which there was no conflict between fairness and self-interest in the distribution of resources. Overall, we showed that costly equal sharing in young children relates to the activation of dlpfc regions. These results suggest that costly equal allocation has a common neural basis with behavioral control in five-to six-year-old children, implying that early egalitarian sharing requires dealing with conflicts between maximizing self-interest and following moral norms.

    DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107787

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  20. Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Have Immediate Impacts on Japanese Children? Evidence of the Socio-Emotional Behavior and Digital Skills

    Yusuke Moriguchi, Chifumi Sakata, Xianwei Meng, Naoya Todo

    Research Square     2020.8

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Research Square  

    <title>Abstract</title>
    <bold><italic>Background: </italic></bold>A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread widely throughout the world. To reduce the spread of infection, children are prevented from going to school and have fewer opportunities for in-person communication. Although the pandemic has affected the everyday lives of children, its impact on their development is unknown. This cross-sectional study compared Japanese children’s socio-emotional behaviors and skills for operating digital devices before and during the pandemic.<bold><italic>Methods:</italic></bold> Parents completed a web-based questionnaire before and during the pandemic for children aged 0-9. Children’s socio-emotional development in the context of everyday life was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children’s basic touch interaction skills to operate digital devices and skills to use functions of digital devices were also measured.<bold><italic>Results:</italic></bold> The results indicated that during the pandemic, children were more prosocial, experienced more problems in their peer relationships, and had better digital skills, but no differences were found in emotional symptoms; conduct problems; and hyperactivity between, before, and during the pandemic. The differences in digital skills were explained by the duration of children’s media use.<bold><italic>Conclusions:</italic></bold> Overall, our results suggest that the pandemic may have an immediate impact on children’s socio-emotional behaviors and digital skills.<bold>Trial registration:</bold> Registration type: OSF Preregistration.Date registered: April 27, 2020.Registration from osf.io/tfh4k.(https://osf.io/c7p6b)

    DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-55554/v1

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  21. Immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the socio-emotional and digital skills of Japanese children

    Yusuke Moriguchi, Chifumi Sakata, Xianwei Meng, Naoya Todo

    PsyArXiv     2020.5

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    Publisher:Center for Open Science  

    <p>A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread widely throughout the world. To reduce the spread of infection, children are prevented from going to school and have fewer opportunities for in-person communication. Although the pandemic has impacted the everyday lives of children, its impact on their development is unknown. This cross-sectional study compared Japanese children’s socio-emotional behaviors before and during the pandemic. Parents completed a web-based questionnaire before and during the pandemic for children ages 4-9. Children’s socio-emotional development in an everyday context was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results indicated that during the pandemic, children were more prosocial and experienced more problems in their peer relationships, but no differences were found in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity between before and during the pandemic. Overall, our results suggest the pandemic may have immediate impact on children’s socio-emotional behaviors. We discussed the results in terms of behavioral immune system.</p>

    DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/6b4vh

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  22. Prosocial behavior is related to later executive function during early childhood: A longitudinal study Reviewed

    Yusuke Moriguchi, Ikuko Shinohara, Naoya Todo, Xianwei Meng

    European Journal of Developmental Psychology   Vol. 17 ( 3 ) page: 352 - 364   2020.5

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    Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Informa UK Limited  

    DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2019.1628737

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  23. Space and rank: infants expect agents in higher position to be socially dominant. Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Yo Nakawake, Hiroshi Nitta, Kazuhide Hashiya, Yusuke Moriguchi

    Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences   Vol. 286 ( 1912 ) page: 20191674   2019.10

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    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1674

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  24. Smiling enemies: Young children better recall mean individuals who smile. Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Tatsunori Ishii, Kairi Sugimoto, Ruiting Song, Yusuke Moriguchi, Katsumi Watanabe

    Journal of experimental child psychology   Vol. 188   page: 104672   2019.8

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104672

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  25. Overt congruent facial reaction to dynamic emotional expressions in 9-10-month-old infants. Reviewed

    Kazuhide Hashiya, Xianwei Meng, Yusuke Uto, Kana Tajiri

    Infant behavior & development   Vol. 54   page: 48 - 56   2019.2

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    DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.12.002

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  26. Experiencing physical warmth affects implicit attitudes and altruistic behavior toward outgroup in females Reviewed

    Takeru Miyajima, Xianwei Meng

    BMC Research Notes   Vol. 10 ( 1 ) page: 648   2017.12

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

    DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2972-3

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    Other Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-017-2972-3/fulltext.html

  27. Phonological loop affects children's interpretations of explicit but not ambiguous questions: Research on links between working memory and referent assignment Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Taro Murakami, Kazuhide Hashiya

    PLOS ONE   Vol. 12 ( 10 ) page: e0187368   2017.10

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    Understanding the referent of other's utterance by referring the contextual information helps in smooth communication. Although this pragmatic referential process can be observed even in infants, its underlying mechanism and relative abilities remain unclear. This study aimed to comprehend the background of the referential process by investigating whether the phonological loop affected the referent assignment. A total of 76 children (43 girls) aged 3-5 years participated in a reference assignment task in which an experimenter asked them to answer explicit (e.g., "What color is this?") and ambiguous (e.g., "What about this?") questions about colorful objects. The phonological loop capacity was measured by using the forward digit span task in which children were required to repeat the numbers as an experimenter uttered them. The results showed that the scores of the forward digit span task positively predicted correct response to explicit questions and part of the ambiguous questions. That is, the phonological loop capacity did not have effects on referent assignment in response to ambiguous questions that were asked after a topic shift of the explicit questions and thus required a backward reference to the preceding explicit questions to detect the intent of the current ambiguous questions. These results suggest that although the phonological loop capacity could overtly enhance the storage of verbal information, it does not seem to directly contribute to the pragmatic referential process, which might require further social cognitive processes.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187368

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  28. Observing Third-Party Attentional Relationships Affects Infants' Gaze Following: An Eye-Tracking Study Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Yusuke Uto, Kazuhide Hashiya

    FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY   Vol. 7   page: 2065   2017.1

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    Authorship:Lead author, Corresponding author   Language:English   Publishing type:Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher:FRONTIERS MEDIA SA  

    Not only responding to direct social actions toward themselves, infants also pay attention to relevant information from third-party interactions. However, it is unclear whether and how infants recognize the structure of these interactions. The current study aimed to investigate how infants' observation of third-party attentional relationships influence their subsequent gaze following. Nine-month-old, 1-year-old, and 1.5-year-old infants (N = 72, 37 girls) observed video clips in which a female actor gazed at one of two toys after she and her partner either silently faced each other (face-to-face condition) or looked in opposite directions (back-to-back condition). An eye tracker was used to record the infants' looking behavior (e.g., looking time, looking frequency). The analyses revealed that younger infants followed the actor's gaze toward the target object in both conditions, but this was not the case for the 1.5-year-old infants in the back-to-back condition. Furthermore, we found that infants' gaze following could be negatively predicted by their expectation of the partner's response to the actor's head turn (i.e., they shift their gaze toward the partner immediately after they realize that the actor's head will turn). These findings suggested that the sensitivity to the difference in knowledge and attentional states in the second year of human life could be extended to third-party interactions, even without any direct involvement in the situation. Additionally, a spontaneous concern with the epistemic gap between self and other, as well as between others, develops by this age. These processes might be considered part of the fundamental basis for human communication.

    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02065

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  29. Pointing Behavior in Infants Reflects the Communication Partner's Attentional and Knowledge States: A Possible Case of Spontaneous Informing Reviewed

    Xianwei Meng, Kazuhide Hashiya

    PLOS ONE   Vol. 9 ( 9 ) page: e107579   2014.9

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    Inferring the epistemic states of others is considered to be an essential requirement for humans to communicate; however, the developmental trajectory of this ability is unclear. The aim of the current study was to determine developmental trends in this ability by using pointing behavior as a dependent measure. Infants aged 13 to 18 months (n = 32, 16 females) participated in the study. The experiment consisted of two phases. In the Shared Experience Phase, both the participant and the experimenter experienced (played with) an object, and the participant experienced a second object while the experimenter was absent. In the Pointing Phase, the participant was seated on his/her mother's lap, facing the experimenter, and the same two objects from the Shared Experience Phase were presented side-by-side behind the experimenter. The participants' spontaneous pointing was analyzed from video footage. While the analysis of the Shared Experience Phase suggested that there was no significant difference in the duration of the participants' visual attention to the two objects, the participants pointed more frequently to the object that could be considered "new'' for the experimenter (in Experiment 1). This selective pointing was not observed when the experimenter could be considered unfamiliar with both of the objects (in Experiment 2). These findings suggest that infants in this age group spontaneously point, presumably to inform about an object, reflecting the partner's attentional and knowledge states.

    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107579

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Books 2

  1. 進化でわかる人間行動の事典

    小田亮, 橋彌和秀, 大坪庸介, 平石界(学ぶ)

    朝倉書店  2021.5 

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  2. 教える赤ちゃん・察する赤ちゃん: 他者を理解し働きかけるこころの発達と起源

    孟憲巍( Role: Sole author)

    ナカニシヤ出版  2021.1 

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MISC 16

  1. Baby's Online Live Databaseによるオンライン縦断研究—Collaborative longitudinal studies with Baby's Online Live Database—特集 ポストコロナ時代の乳幼児研究に向けて

    加藤 正晴, 土居 裕和, 孟 憲巍, 村上 太郎, 梶川 祥世, 大谷 多加志, 上原 泉, 箕浦 有希久

    心理学評論 = Japanese psychological review / 心理学評論刊行会 編   Vol. 67 ( 1 ) page: 95 - 108   2024

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:京都 : 心理学評論刊行会  

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    Other Link: https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I033577648

  2. 同心協力:チームの同期性に基づく優位性評価の発達

    孟 憲巍

    同志社大学赤ちゃん学研究センター紀要   Vol. 5   page: 40 - 40   2021.10

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  3. 探検する心

    孟憲巍

    赤ちゃんとママ   Vol. 56 ( 3 ) page: 19 - 19   2021.6

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  4. 思いやる心

    孟憲巍

    赤ちゃんとママ   Vol. 56 ( 2 ) page: 19 - 19   2021.5

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  5. 教える心

    Xianwei Meng

      Vol. 56 ( 1 ) page: 19 - 19   2021.4

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  6. だって僕は外国人ですから☺

    Xianwei Meng

      ( 93 ) page: 41 - 41   2021.4

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    Language:Japanese  

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  7. 敵対者の微笑み:幼児は“微笑んだいじわる”の顔をよく記憶する

    孟憲巍

    同志社大学赤ちゃん学研究センター紀要   Vol. 4   page: 43 - 44   2020.11

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  8. 赤ちゃん研究から見た人間関係の始まり〜「優位性関係」に注目して〜

    孟憲巍

    同志社大学赤ちゃん学研究センター紀要   Vol. 4   page: 23 - 24   2020.11

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  9. With子どもの赤ちゃん学会

    孟憲巍

    日本赤ちゃん学会ニュースレター     2020.11

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  10. “ヒトとは何か?”を探求し、科学的なアプローチで新しい知見を発見したい

    孟憲巍

    別府大学広報誌「Be-News」   Vol. 117   page: 18 - 18   2018.9

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  11. 「教え」、「気遣う」赤ちゃん:1歳半児における「相手の知識/注意状態」を踏まえたコミュニケーション

    孟憲巍・橋彌和秀

    Academist Journal     2017.2

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  12. Spontaneous concern and informing by 1.5-year-old infants reflects their understanding of others' epistemic states : Experiment from third person's view

    孟 憲巍, 宇土 裕亮, 橋彌 和秀

    電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報   Vol. 116 ( 436 ) page: 157 - 160   2017.1

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:電子情報通信学会  

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  13. In search of the development origin of human communication.

    孟憲巍, 橋彌和秀

    KYUDAI NEWS   Vol. 26   page: 13 - 14   2015.4

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  14. 誰もが見ているものを見て、誰も考えなかったことを考える

    孟憲巍・松島暢志

    発達心理学会ニュースレター     2014.10

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  15. Spontaneous informing with tracking others' cognitive environment in infancy

    MENG Xianwei, HASHIYA Kazuhide

    Technical report of IEICE. HCS   Vol. 113 ( 426 ) page: 133 - 138   2014.2

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    Language:Japanese   Publisher:一般社団法人電子情報通信学会  

    To achieve successful communication, the inference of others&#039; cognitive environment is essential. However, the ontogenesis of such behavior still remains unclear. The current study examined infants&#039; informing behavior through investigating their spontaneous pointing in an informing context. Results suggested that infants in the first half of their second year have already started their spontaneous &quot;teaching&quot; reflecting their ability to track shared experience with others.

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  16. The developmental change of moral judgment for the case of communication : focus on the contact principle

    ISHIKAWA Katsuhiko, XIANWEI Meng, HASHIYA Kazuhide

    Technical report of IEICE. HCS   Vol. 113 ( 185 ) page: 7 - 12   2013.8

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    In two experiments, we compared the tendency of moral judgment of adults and 5 and 6-year-olds. Specifically, through investigating how participants evaluated the valents of actions which embedded in group activity, we attempted to clarify how adults and children resolved the dilemma with responsibility attribution for collective activity: who should we blame in collective activity. Mainly, we investigated developmental change of judgment based on the contact principle. In experimental stimuli, a proposer suggested task-solution to a performer and the performer agreed on it and made an action according to the idea. In one condition, the proposer helped the performer do the challenge, and in the other condition the proposer did not help the performer. When asked to judge which person was worse, the proposer or the performer, adults and 6-year-old advocated the proposer equally in both condition, whereas 5-year-olds advocated the proposer strongly in the former condition but in the latter condition equally. In the course of development, the ability to consider the importance of communication or consensus on moral judgment might follow the overcome of focusing too much on the contact principle.

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KAKENHI (Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research) 4

  1. 優位性関係を生み出すこころの発達的起源

    Grant number:23H03702  2023.4 - 2027.3

    科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    孟 憲巍

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    Grant amount:\18850000 ( Direct Cost: \14500000 、 Indirect Cost:\4350000 )

  2. 優位性関係を生み出すこころの発達的起源

    Grant number:23K28391  2023.4 - 2027.3

    科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(B)

    孟 憲巍, 鹿子木 康弘, 佐々木 恭志郎

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    Grant amount:\18850000 ( Direct Cost: \14500000 、 Indirect Cost:\4350000 )

    特定の個体同士に優位性関係(上下関係)が存在する階層化社会は集団の成長と安定に役立ち,ヒトをはじめ多くの社会的動物で観察される。近年,人々が如何にして優位性関係を築いているのかという問いにヒトやヒト社会の本質が秘められていることが社会科学の各分野から示唆されているが、その処理メカニズムと出現機序に関する実証的な検討が不十分である。本研究は、発達行動神経学的な方法論を駆使し、社会的認知と行動がみられ始める乳幼児期における優位性関係処理の「心理プロセス」、「神経基盤」と「獲得過程」を解明し、優位性関係を生み出すこころの成り立ちに関するグランドセオリーの提案を目指す。

  3. 乳幼児期における優位性評価の認知・神経基盤および集団生活に及ぼす影響

    Grant number:20K20156  2020.4 - 2023.3

    科学研究費助成事業  若手研究

    孟 憲巍

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    Grant amount:\4160000 ( Direct Cost: \3200000 、 Indirect Cost:\960000 )

    本研究では,(1) 乳幼児がいつから,どのような手がかりで,どのような神経活動によって優位性関係を評価しているか,(2) その評価が社会的行動にどのような影響を与えるか,という問題にアプローチする。本研究を遂行することで,優位性関係の認知能力の形成メカニズムについてその認知・神経基盤の視点から提案するとともに,協力的な集団生活を実現させるための早期介入の可能性を含め,社会的にも意義のある知見を提供する。
    本研究の目的は、優位性関係を認知するプロセスがどのように形成されるかを解明することである。今年度は、乳児期における優位性関係の評価およびその手がかりを探るとの研究計画で予定されていた通りに研究を遂行してきた。また、関連する研究成果も継続的に挙げてきた。
    まず、優位性関係の評価の手がかりを検討し、生後1歳児でも他者の能力に基づいてその優位性を判断する可能性を実験的に示した(Meng et al., 2021a)。また、集団レベルでの優位性関係評価を検討し、同期しない集団と比べて同期する集団のほうに優位性を帰属する心理的バイアスが小学校頃から見られることについて調査を通して示した(Meng et al., 2021b;孟,2021)。
    さらに、進行中ではあるが、「能力→優位性」の推論の発達については、上記の研究成果を発展してより妥当性の高い実験文脈で乳児の反応パターンをテストしており、初歩的な研究成果を得ることができた。また、別の手がかりについては、「声の音高→優位性」の推論バイアスについて、これまで示してきた成人から幼児までの研究成果を拡張させ、乳児にもそのような推論バイアスが見られるかどうかについて実験デザインを予備実験を通して確立させた。優位性関係の発達的起源を含め、ヒトの認知能力の発達的起源に関する大人の信念やそこから見えてくる「子ども観」についても国際比較を行い、その成果を国際誌に投稿した。上記の研究内容やその成果については、日本心理学会第85回大会での発表や日本科学未来館でのイベント開催などを通して、積極的に社会へ発信してきた。
    現在までの研究遂行は順調に進展している。研究計画では、「乳児期における優位性関係の評価およびその手がかりを探る」との研究は今年度で完了する予定となっている。これについては予定通り、今年度は複数の論文出版(Scientific Reports誌, Social Development誌)を含めて予想以上の研究成果が挙げられた。研究計画の実施が予定以上に順調だったため、これまでの研究成果をさらに展開させた研究プランを考案し現在実施しており、その研究成果も大変期待されるものである。「発達初期における優位性関係評価の神経的基盤を特定する」との研究については、昨年度に出版された論文ではNIRSの発達研究の可能性について検討した。今年度は、新型コロナウィルス感染症の影響で対面かつ接触型の調査の遂行が難しかった。そのため、本研究は現在準備中である。「優位性関係の処理・評価プロセスが社会的行動に与える効果を解明する」との研究計画についても、感染リスクのため、園や博物館などの研究フィールドとの交渉が難航している。現在は、質問紙調査やオンライン実験などの非接触型の研究法を模索している。
    これまでの進捗状況については、複数の国際誌論文を出版するなど期待以上の研究成果もあったが、新型コロナウイルスの影響で計画通りの遂行が難しい部分もあった。後者については、研究計画Bが接触型の研究装置の使用を含んでおり、研究計画Cが多人数集団での調査を含んでいるため、それらの研究遂行は新型コロナウィルス感染症の影響を特に受けやすいものであった。今後は、オンライン調査・オンライン実験を利用することで研究目的を達成することを積極的に検討していく予定である。これについては、赤ちゃん学会においてオンライン型縦断発達データベースの開発に関わることや、オンライン調査を用いて成人の素朴信念を測るなど、非接触型研究法の利用法を考案している段階である。

  4. Experimental Research on Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Helping Behaviors in Human Infants

    Grant number:18F18999  2018.4 - 2020.3

    Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research  Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

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Teaching Experience (Off-campus) 11

  1. Science of Mind

    2023.4 Nagoya University)

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  2. Cognitive Science B

    2023.4 Nagoya University)

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  3. Exercises in Cognitive Science

    2023.4 Nagoya University)

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  4. Information and Cognition

    2023.4 Nagoya University)

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  5. 行動生態学実験演習(心理演習)

    2022.4 - 2023.3 大阪大学人間科学部)

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  6. 行動生態学実験演習(心理学研究法)

    2022.4 - 2023.3 大阪大学人間科学部)

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  7. 行動学の考え方

    2022.4 - 2023.3 大阪大学全学教育)

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  8. 行動科学

    2021.4 - 2023.3 Nara Medical University)

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  9. 赤ちゃん学基礎

    2020.4 同志社大学複合領域科目)

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  10. 知覚心理学

    2017.4 - 2018.3 九州女子大学人間科学部)

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  11. 教育測定・評価

    2013.4 - 2015.3 九州大学教育学部)

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Media Coverage 24

  1. 超越的な能力=社会的優位性 名古屋大など5~6歳児に備わる心的基盤解明 Newspaper, magazine

    科学新聞  2023.9

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  2. 「超能力=偉い人」と認識するのは5~6歳から 名古屋大学など発見 Internet

    大学ジャーナルONLINE  2023.8

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  3. 超越的な能力を持つ者が偉いとする感覚は5~6歳時点で存在 名大が確認 Internet

    マイナビニュース  2023.8

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  4. 不思議な力、子どもにはどう見える?階層化社会が生まれる心理的起源 ~「超能力=偉い人」の認識は幼児期から~ Internet

    名古屋大学研究成果発信サイト  2023.8

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    Author:Myself 

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  5. 東京都の新条例は性的マイノリティに対する支援や理解が将来的に高まることを期待させるが、現在の世論に対する認識は変化させない:現実の条例成立を用いた実験的検討 Internet

    福岡女学院大学プレスリリース  大学プレスセンター  2023.4

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  6. 「生得より経験?」認知能力の獲得に関する我々の誤認識 Internet

    大阪大学プレスリリース  大阪大学  2022.11

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  7. 「女性=優しい」は4歳、「男性=賢い」7歳…固定観念は幼少期から 京都大など解明 Internet

    産経新聞  2022.10

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  8. 「男性は賢い」「女性は優しい」思い込みは何歳から?京大など調査 Internet

    毎日新聞  2022.10

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  9. 「女性は優しい」思い込みは4歳ごろから、京大准教授「ステレオタイプは幼児期や児童期にルーツか」

    Yahoo!ニュース ねとらぼ  2022.10

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  10. 子どものジェンダーステレオタイプが生じる時期を解明 Internet

    京都大学プレスリリース  Yahoo!ニュース: ねとらぼ, Yahoo!ニュース: 時事通信社, 産経新聞, Yahoo!ニュース: 毎日新聞  2022.10

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  11. テレビ出演「NHKヒューマニエンス 40億年のたくらみ」 TV or radio program

    NHK  2022.5

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  12. 新型コロナウイルスによるパンデミック下の子どもの社会性発達 -社会情緒的行動と他者との心理的距離の変化-

    京都大学プレスリリース  2022.1

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  13. 超能力者は「優位」、赤ちゃんが認識 阪大院などが実験

    朝日新聞  2021.8

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