Language：English   Publisher：Cancer Medicine  

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-posDLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV-negative DLBCL (EBV-negDLBCL). Aims and Methods: To better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of EBV-posDLBCL and EBV-negDLBCL. Results: This analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV-posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV-negDLBCL. Compared with EBV-negDLBCL, more somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) and deletions were detected in EBV-posDLBCL (p = 0.01). The most frequent CNAs specifically detected in EBV-posDLBCL were gains at 9p24.1 (PDL1 and JAK2), 8q22.2-q24.23 (DEPTOR and MYC), and 7q31.31-q32.2 (MET), which were validated in additional EBV-posDLBCL cases. Overall, 53.7% (22/41) and 62.9% (22/35) of the cases expressed PD-L1 and c-MET, respectively, in neoplastic cells, whereas only 15.4% (4/26) expressed c-MYC. Neoplastic c-MET expression was positively correlated with PD-L1 (p < 0.001) and MYC expression (p = 0.016). However, EBV-posDLBCL cases did not show any differences in overall survival between PD-L1-, c-MET-, or c-MYC-positive and -negative cases or between age-related groups. Analysis of the association between somatic mutation load and EBV status showed no difference in the distribution of tumor mutant burden between the two lymphomas (p = 0.41). Recurrent mutations in EBV-posDLBCL implicated several genes, including DCAF8L1, KLF2, and NOL9, while in EBV-negDLBCL, ANK2, BPTF, and CNIH3 were more frequently mutated. Additionally, PIM1 is the most altered gene in all the WES-detected cases. Conclusions: Our results confirm that genomic alteration differs significantly between EBV-posDLBCL and EBV-negDLBCL, and reveal new genetic alterations in EBV-posDLBCL. The positive correlation of c-MET and PD-L1/c-Myc expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of EBV-posDLBCL, which is should be explored prospectively in trials involving MET-directed therapies.

DOI： 10.1002/cam4.6995

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Publisher：金原出版  

DOI： 10.18888/rp.0000002621

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Lymphoreticular Tissue Research  

<p>Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common type of B-cell lymphoma, accounting for about 20% of all lymphomas. Although FL is primarily characterized by an indolent clinical course, histological transformation (HT) remains one of the significant challenges in managing patients with FL. Here, we present a case of FL with partial large-cell transformation due to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) arising in a 50-year-old Japanese woman with no known immunodeficiency. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that medium-sized FL cells expressed CD20, CD10, BCL2, and BCL6, whereas large cells were positive for CD20, and MUM1. In situ hybridization (ISH) revealed large cells to be positive for EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) and further immunohistochemical investigation demonstrated EBER+ cells to express latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). The Ki-67 index was about 30% in FL cells, and over 70% in large cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for <i>BCL2</i> combined with EBER-ISH identified <i>BCL2</i> rearrangement in both EBV-infected large cells and EBV-uninfected FL cells, suggesting these two components were clonally related. These findings indicate that EBV contributes to the transformation of FL. As far as the authors could find, only four previous cases of FL development to EBV-positive aggressive lymphoma have been reported. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of EBV in the HT of FL.</p>

DOI： 10.3960/jslrt.23060

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Language：English   Publisher：Japanese Society of Lymphoma Research  

<p><i>MYD88</i> p.L265P mutation occurs in over 90% of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM), which is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with monoclonal IgM. WM requires careful diagnosis due to overlapping features with other B-cell malignancies. Bing–Neel syndrome (BNS), a rare complication of WM, involves central nervous system (CNS) invasion. This report describes two cases of morphologically low-grade B-cell lymphoma in the bone marrow accompanied by the presence of a large B-cell lymphoma in the brain and a common <i>MYD88</i> p.L265P mutation, which were eventually established as BNS mimickers. Although the two components in these cases showed the same identical light-chain restriction, different immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement peaks indicated distinct lymphoma stem cells for CNS and bone marrow lesions. These clinical cases emphasize the challenges in diagnosing BNS. Based on the findings, biopsy is recommended for accurate identification of the clonal relationship and <i>MYD88</i> mutation status.</p>

DOI： 10.3960/jslrt.24033

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Language：English   Publisher：The Japanese Society for Lymphoreticular Tissue Research  

<p>Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis, particularly in relapsed or refractory patients. Thus, timely detection of relapse and appropriate disease management are crucial. We present two patients with ENKTL, wherein positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with total-body coverage after induction therapy, detected newly relapsed regions in the bone marrow of the lower leg prior to progression. Case 1: A 47-year-old woman with nasal obstruction, showing 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the nasal cavity (Lugano stage IE). After induction therapy (RT-2/3 DeVIC), PET-CT revealed abnormal uptake only in the right fibula. Case 2: A 68-year-old man with a skin nodule/ulcer and an enlarged right inguinal lymph node was diagnosed with advanced ENKTL. A PET-CT scan revealed abnormal uptake in the subcutaneous mass of the right medial thigh, lymph nodes, and descending colon (Lugano stage IV). After induction therapy, PET-CT revealed new abnormal uptake only in the left tibia. In both patients, CT-guided biopsy confirmed ENKTL recurrence. Moreover, PET-CT with whole-body coverage was useful for the timely assessment of relapse and detection of asymptomatic bone involvement. This approach allowed for modifications to treatment strategies in certain patients.</p>

DOI： 10.3960/jslrt.23046

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DOI： 10.1182/blood-2023-186969

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Language：English   Publisher：Pathology International  

DOI： 10.1111/pin.13372

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Language：English   Publisher：Blood  

DOI： 10.1182/blood.2023021961

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DOI： 10.18888/rp.0000002481

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Language：English   Publisher：Leukemia  

Correction to: Leukemia, published online 22 June 2022 At the time of original publication, there was an incomplete listing of contributing authors and their institutions. This revision corrects those omissions.

DOI： 10.1038/s41375-023-01962-5

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Language：English   Publisher：Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery  

Background: Based on computed tomography (CT) findings of lung cancer, solid nodules have a much worse prognosis than subsolid nodules, even if the nodules are subcentimeter in size. There is, however, no systematic method for determining the prognosis of solid tumors on CT. This study aimed to discover the prognostic factor of early-stage solid lung adenocarcinoma using three-dimensional CT volumetry. Methods: Patients with pathological stage I solid lung adenocarcinoma who underwent complete resection between 2007 and 2012 were selected in this retrospective study. Clinicopathological data and preoperative multidetector CT findings, such as tumor size on the two-dimensional axial image, three-dimensional tumor volume between -600 and 199 HU, and three-dimensional solid volume between 0 and 199 HU, which corresponded to highly solid components, were compared between recurrence and non-recurrence. Furthermore, these radiological values were compared to pathological invasive volume (PIV). Results: During this time, 709 patients had their lung cancer completely removed. From this cohort, 90 patients with pathological stage I solid lung adenocarcinoma were selected. In addition, recurrence was found in 26 patients (28.9%). Although two-dimensional axial image, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and SUVmax on 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/ CT) did not differ statistically between recurrent and non-recurrent patients, three-dimensional tumor and solid tumor volume did. Multivariate analysis indicated that three-dimensional solid tumor volume [hazard ratio: 2.440; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.110-5.361, P=0.026] and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (hazard ratio: 4.307; 95% CI: 1.328-13.977, P=0.015) were significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS). When three-dimensional tumor and solid tumor volume were compared to PIV, three-dimensional solid tumor volume (3,091 mm3 on average) showed a highly similar value with PIV (2,930 mm3 on average), whereas three-dimensional tumor volume (6,175 mm3 on average) was significantly larger than PIV (P<0.001). Conclusions: In patients with early-stage solid lung adenocarcinoma, the measurement of threedimensional solid tumor volume, which is correlated with PIV, accurately predicted the postoperative outcome.

DOI： 10.21037/qims-23-36

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Language：English   Publisher：American Journal of Surgical Pathology  

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs), particularly nodal lymphomas of T-follicular helper cell origin, may include Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells in their microenvironment. These HRS-like cells are morphologically indistinguishable from HRS cells of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Therefore, PTCLs with HRS-like cells pose a differential diagnosis vis-à-vis CHL. A previous study reported that, in contrast to HRS cells, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is rare in HRS-like cells of PTCLs and suggested that PD-L1 immunohistochemistry is useful to differentiate HRS cells and HRS-like cells. In this study, we analyzed 21 patients with PTCL with HRS-like cells and 34 patients with CHL and assessed the diagnostic utility of STAT6, pSTAT6, and pSTAT3 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing HRS cells from HRS-like cells. In addition, we also performed PD-L1 immunohistochemistry to reconfirm its utility in distinguishing the 2 diseases. Compared with HRS cells in CHLs, HRS-like cells in PTCLs showed significantly less positivity for STAT6 (9.6% vs. 70%, P<0.001), pSTAT6 (9.6% vs. 70%, P<0.001), and PD-L1 (9.6% vs. 85%, P<0.001). Thus, we reconfirmed the diagnostic utility of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in distinguishing CHLs from PTCLs with HRS-like cells. In contrast, both HRS-like and HRS cells were highly associated with pSTAT3 expression, with no significant difference in positive cell frequency (86% vs. 91%, P=0.66). On the basis of these findings, we conclude that, in addition to PD-L1, STAT6 and pSTAT6 immunohistochemistry are helpful diagnostic tools to distinguish CHLs from PTCLs with HRS-like cells.

DOI： 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002062

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Language：English   Publisher：Modern Pathology  

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature T-cell tumor caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The typical ATLL immunophenotypes are described in the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (positive: CD2, CD3, CD5, CD4, and CD25; negative: CD7, CD8, and cytotoxic markers; and partially positive: CD30, CCR4, and FOXP3). However, limited studies are available on the expression of these markers, and their mutual relationship remains unknown. Furthermore, the expression status of novel markers associated with T-cell lymphomas, including Th1 markers (T-bet and CXCR3), Th2 markers (GATA3 and CCR4), T follicular helper markers (BCL6, PD1, and ICOS), and T-cell receptor (TCR) markers, and their clinicopathologic significance is unclear. In this study, we performed >20 immunohistochemical stains in 117 ATLL cases to determine the comprehensive immunophenotypic profile of ATLL, which were compared on the basis of clinicopathologic factors, including morphologic variants (pleomorphic vs anaplastic), biopsy locations, treatments, Shimoyama classification-based clinical subtype, and overall survival. CD3+/CD4+/CD25+/CCR4+ was considered a typical immunophenotype of ATLL, but approximately 20% of cases did not conform to this pattern. Simultaneously, the following new findings were obtained: (1) most cases were negative for TCR-β and TCR-δ (104 cases, 88.9%), indicating the usefulness of negative conversion of TCR expression to provide differentiation from other T-cell tumors; (2) the positivity of CD30 and CD15 and the negativity of FOXP3 and CD3 were significantly associated with anaplastic morphology; and (3) atypical cases, such as T follicular helper marker-positive (12 cases, 10.3%) and cytotoxic molecule-positive cases (3 cases, 2.6%), were identified. No single markers could predict the overall survival among patients with acute/lymphoma subtypes of ATLL. The results of this study illustrate the diversity of ATLL phenotypes. In T-cell tumors occurring in HTLV-1 carriers, the possibility of ATLL should not be eliminated even when the tumor exhibits an atypical phenotype, and the confirmation of HTLV-1 in the tissue is recommended.

DOI： 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100169

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Language：English   Publisher：American Journal of Surgical Pathology  

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an uncommon lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course characterized by selective growth of tumor cells within the vessels. Its pathogenesis is still uncertain and there is little information on the underlying genomic alterations. In this study, we performed a clinicopathologic and next-generation sequencing analysis of 15 cases of IVLBCL using a custom panel for the detection of alterations in 68 recurrently mutated genes in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Six patients had evidence of hemophagocytic syndrome. Four patients presented concomitantly a solid malignancy. Tumor cells outside the vessels were observed in 7 cases, 2 with an overt diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma. In 4 samples, tumor cells infiltrated lymphatic vessel in addition to blood capillaries. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was positive in tumor cells in 4 of 11 evaluable samples and in macrophages intermingled with tumor cells in 8. PD-L1 copy number gains were identified in a higher proportion of cases expressing PD-L1 than in negative tumors. The most frequently mutated gene was PIM1 (9/15, 60%), followed by MYD88 L265P and CD79B (8/15, 53% each). In 6 cases, MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations were detected concomitantly. We also identified recurrent mutations in IRF4, TMEM30A, BTG2, and ETV6 loci (4/15, 27% each) and novel driver mutations in NOTCH2, CCND3, and GNA13, and an IRF4 translocation in 1 case each. The mutational profile was similar in patients with and without evidence of hemophagocytic syndrome and in cases with or without dissemination of tumor cells outside the vessels. Our results confirm the relevance of mutations in B-cell receptor/nuclear factor-κB signaling and immune escape pathways in IVLBCL and identify novel driver alterations. The similar mutational profile in tumors with extravascular dissemination suggests that these cases may also be considered in the spectrum of IVLBCL.

DOI： 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001978

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Language：English  

Purpose: Whippleʼs disease (WD) is a rare systemic disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei. It is predominantly diagnosed in middle-aged Caucasian men, and its association with immunosuppression and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 has been discussed; however, these studies are limited to western countries. Herein, we analyzed five WD cases and eight previously described WD cases in the Japanese population.
Results: None of the patients were under immunosuppressive treatment or HLA-B27-positive. In 10/13 cases checking anti-HTLV-1 antibody, 6/10 (60%) cases were carriers of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). All patients were treated with antibiotics, and their symptoms diminished promptly. The prognosis for these cases was excellent, and one patient developed the smoldering type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, but no progression to aggressive type adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was observed.
Conclusion: These findings probably support the findings that the immunosuppressive effect of HTLV-1 triggers WD in Japanese patients. It is recommended to evaluate the presence of HTLV-1 antibody in the blood of WD patients in HTLV-1 endemic areas for the clarification of the accurate pathogenesis and appropriate clinical follow-up. Ryukyu Med. J., 42 (1～4) 21～28, 2023

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Language：English   Publisher：Blood  

With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been characterized at an unprecedented scale. Although the principles for the classification and diagnosis of these disorders, founded on a multidimensional definition of disease entities, have been consolidated over the past 25 years, novel genomic data have markedly enhanced our understanding of lymphomagenesis and enriched the description of disease entities at the molecular level. Yet, the current diagnosis of lymphoid tumors is largely based on morphological assessment and immunophenotyping, with only few entities being defined by genomic criteria. This paper, which accompanies the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid neoplasms, will address how established assays and newly developed technologies for molecular testing already complement clinical diagnoses and provide a novel lens on disease classification. More specifically, their contributions to diagnosis refinement, risk stratification, and therapy prediction will be considered for the main categories of lymphoid neoplasms. The potential of whole-genome sequencing, circulating tumor DNA analyses, single-cell analyses, and epigenetic profiling will be discussed because these will likely become important future tools for implementing precision medicine approaches in clinical decision making for patients with lymphoid malignancies.

DOI： 10.1182/blood.2022015854

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Language：English   Publisher：Cancer Gene Therapy  

A massive increase in the number of mature CD4+ T-cells in peripheral blood (PB) is a defining characteristic of acute type of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). To date, the site of proliferation of ATL cells in the body has been unclear. In an attempt to address this question, we examined the expression of the proliferation marker, Ki-67, in freshly isolated ATL cells from PB and lymph nodes (LNs) of patients with various types of ATL. Our findings reveal that LN-ATL cells display higher expression of the Ki-67 antigen than PB-ATL cells in acute type patients. The gene expression of T-cell quiescence regulators such as Krüppel-like factor 2/6 and forkhead box protein 1 was substantially high in acute type PB-ATL cells. The expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, which is involved in T-cell expansion, was significantly low in PB-ATL cells from acute type patients, similar to that in normal resting T-cells. These findings suggest that ATL cells proliferate in the LNs rather than in PB.

DOI： 10.1038/s41417-022-00475-0

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Language：English   Publisher：Medicine (United States)  

The purpose of the present study was to clarify clinical outcomes of elderly patients with soft tissue sarcoma who underwent surgery neither with neoadjuvant nor adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 46.3 (range 6.7-99.0) months. All patients underwent surgical resections. R0 margins were achieved in 24 cases (92.3%) and R1 margins in 2 cases (7.7%). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year sarcoma-specific survival (SSS) rates were 92.3%, 88.5%, and 83.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed no significant risk factors for SSS. No significant relationship of histological grades and local recurrences (P =.56) or distant metastases (P =.54) was shown. In the current study, we observed a comparable survival ratio, despite no neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapies performed. Tumor resections with adequate margins might, at least in part, have contributed to the decent survival ratio regardless of histological grade. Twenty-six consecutive patients aged ≥ 70 years, who underwent surgical resections of soft tissue sarcoma between January 2013 and December 2019, were included. SSS were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationships between SSS and clinical parameters were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards analysis.

DOI： 10.1097/MD.0000000000030127

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Language：English   Publisher：Leukemia  

We herein present an overview of the upcoming 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours focussing on lymphoid neoplasms. Myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms will be presented in a separate accompanying article. Besides listing the entities of the classification, we highlight and explain changes from the revised 4th edition. These include reorganization of entities by a hierarchical system as is adopted throughout the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumours of all organ systems, modification of nomenclature for some entities, revision of diagnostic criteria or subtypes, deletion of certain entities, and introduction of new entities, as well as inclusion of tumour-like lesions, mesenchymal lesions specific to lymph node and spleen, and germline predisposition syndromes associated with the lymphoid neoplasms.

DOI： 10.1038/s41375-022-01620-2

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Language：English   Publisher：Pathology Research and Practice  

Carriers of oncogenic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). While an increasing number of animal models of HTLV-1 infection have revealed that malignant tumors with a histiocytic phenotype can arise, they have not been reported in humans. Here, we present a 79-year-old female HTLV-1 carrier who presented with a swollen lymph node. Histological examination revealed that the lymph node was replaced with a malignant spindle cell tumor, but not ATLL. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the tumor was positive for histiocytic (CD68 and CD163) and myogenic (α-smooth muscle actin, desmin, and caldesmon) markers, suggesting some differential diagnoses. We could not reach a definitive diagnosis under the current notion of the disease entity. In addition, we could not provide an exact causal relationship between HTLV-1 infection and the development of the current tumor. Nevertheless, this tumor may be a human counterpart of murine HTLV-1-related histiocytic tumors. Curiously, the tumor showed a good response to chemotherapy with the combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone, a standard approach for ATLL. This case might represent a novel entity of an HTLV-1-related malignant tumor. Further accumulation of case reports will certainly contribute to our understanding of human HTLV-1-related disease and the mechanism of viral oncogenesis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153935

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Language：English   Publisher：Cancers  

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a refractory T-cell neoplasm that develops in human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-1) carriers. Large-scale comprehensive genomic analyses have uncovered the landscape of genomic alterations of ATLL and have identified several altered genes related to prognosis. The genetic alterations in ATLL are extremely enriched in the T-cell receptor/nuclear factor-κB pathway, suggesting a pivotal role of deregulation in this pathway in the transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells. Recent studies have revealed the process of transformation of HTLV-1-infected cells by analyzing longitudinal samples from HTLV-1 carriers and patients with overt ATLL, an endeavor that might enable earlier ATLL diagnosis. The latest whole-genome sequencing study discovered 11 novel alterations, including CIC long isoform, which had been over-looked in previous studies employing exome sequencing. Our study group performed the targeted sequencing of ATLL in Okinawa, the southernmost island in Japan and an endemic area of HTLV-1, where the comprehensive genetic alterations had never been analyzed. We found associations of genetic alterations with HTLV-1 strains phylogenetically classified based on the tax gene, an etiolog-ical virus factor in ATLL. This review summarizes the genetic alterations in ATLL, with a focus on their clinical significance, geographical heterogeneity, and association with HTLV-1 strains.

DOI： 10.3390/cancers14102394

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Language：English   Publisher：Viruses  

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) cells express TNF receptor type-2 (TNFR2) on their surface and shed its soluble form (sTNFR2). We previously reported that sTNFR2 levels were highly elevated in the plasma of patients with acute ATL. To investigate whether its quantitation would be helpful for the diagnosis or prediction of the onset of acute ATL, we examined the plasma levels of sTNFR2 in a large number of specimens obtained from a cohort of ATL patients and asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers (ACs) and compared them to those of other candidate ATL biomarkers (sCD25, sOX40, and IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and HTLV-1 proviral loads. We observed that sTNFR2 levels were significantly elevated in acute ATL patients compared to ACs and patients with other types of ATL (chronic, smoldering, and lymphoma). Importantly, sTNFR2 levels were significantly correlated with those of sCD25, sOX40, and IL-10, as well as proviral loads. Thus, the present study confirmed that an increase in plasma sTNFR2 levels is a biomarker for the diagnosis of acute ATL. Examination of plasma sTNFR2 alone or in combination with other ATL biomarkers may be helpful for the diagnosis of acute ATL.

DOI： 10.3390/v14040751

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Language：English   Publisher：Pathology International  

DOI： 10.1111/pin.13201

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Hematology  

<p>Follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL) is a rare disease, recently defined in the revised WHO classification Tumours of Haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th edition). Although angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and FTCL share similar T follicular helper (TFH) cell immunophenotypes and gene mutations, the clinical course of FTCL is not well characterized. Herein, we report the case of a 91-year-old woman with FTCL, who was successfully treated with corticosteroid. The patient, who had systemic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, was first diagnosed with necrotizing lymphadenitis. Re-biopsy was performed because of her persistent lymphadenopathy, which revealed FTCL. She was treated with corticosteroid because of her advanced age, poor performance, edema, and pleural effusion. After administering 100 mg prednisone, her condition improved and was discharged with prednisone tapering. Six-month positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan showed complete metabolic remission. With a low dose of prednisone (6-10 mg), she remained disease-free for >3 years. Thus, these findings suggest that corticosteroid treatment is effective in some patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma of TFH origin, including FTCL.</p>

DOI： 10.11406/rinketsu.63.1497

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Language：English   Publisher：American Journal of Surgical Pathology  

On the basis of immunohistochemistry, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is categorized as a germinal center B-cell (GCB) or non-GCB subtype. Recent integrated genomic analyses have highlighted the importance of the JAK-STAT3 pathway in the molecular pathogenesis of DLBCL. However, its relevance to clinical outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, we evaluated the extent of the nuclear expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), a surrogate marker of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, by immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed the potential relationship between pSTAT3 positivity (defined as ≥ 40% positive neoplastic cells) and clinicopathologic characteristics in 294 patients with DLBCL. pSTAT3 was detected in 122 patients (42%), with a higher rate in the non-GCB subtype than in the GCB subtype (57% vs. 28%, P < 0.001). Factors potentially activating STAT3, MYD88L265P, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA were identified in the pSTAT3-positive non-GCB subtype, whereas the pSTAT3-positive GCB subtype often showed STAT3 mutations and lacked EZH2 mutations and the rearrangements of BCL2 and MYC. Multivariate analyses revealed that the pSTAT3-positive GCB subtype showed a favorable prognosis (HR: 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.7; P = 0.014). These findings suggest that pSTAT3 positivity may have a unique impact on the clinicopathologic characteristics of DLBCL, making it a promising novel marker for the favorable prognosis of patients with the GCB subtype.

DOI： 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001691

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