記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: Creativity + Cognition + Computation, CogSci 2019  

Users sometimes face anomalous behaviors of systems, such as machine failures and autonomous agents. Predicting such behaviors of systems is difficult. We investigate the benefits of the memory-based strategy, which focuses on memorization of instances to predict anomalous and regular behaviors of the system, with ACT-R simulations with a cognitive model. In this study, we presumed the parameters defining the encoding processes on anomalous instances and regular instances in the model of the memory-based strategy and performed simulations to verify how these two parameters influence prediction performance. The results of simulations showed that (1) regular instances are not encoded as default values in the memory-based strategy and that (2) such inactivity on regular instances suppresses commission errors of regular instances and does not suppress commission errors of anomalous instances nor omission errors.

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1177/10711813241275081

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour  

Time To Collision (TTC) and other physical indices are widely used to predict drivers' braking behaviour. However, these indices often overlook the psychological aspects of how drivers perceive risk. Moreover, such indices are predominantly one-dimensional and do not account for the shared space, where vehicles can move in two dimensions. In this study, we introduce an index designed to predict drivers' braking behaviour in the shared space, taking into account the drivers' risk perception. In Experiment 1, a functional equation was derived to estimate the probability that drivers would brake in a given situation. The results confirmed that the index provides an adequate reflection of drivers' risk perception. In Experiment 2, the braking rate estimated with the index provided a better fit to a third-person risk evaluation when compared to other physical indices.

DOI： 10.1016/j.trf.2024.02.017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Human Factors  

Objective: The objective is to clarify the nature of cooperative moving behavior that realizes smooth traffic with others from the viewpoint of the trade-off between self-benefit and others’ benefit in the shared space. Background: The shared space is not constrained by formal rules or behavioral norms, and is a potentially ambiguous situation where it is not clear who has priority. Therefore, the nature of cooperative behavior in the shared space is unclear. Method: An experimental task was conducted to compare cooperative and nonurgent moving behavior regarding completion time (self-benefit), the amount of interruption (others’ benefit), and the amount of operation (cognitive effort). Results: First, cooperative behavior benefits others. Second, although cooperative behavior decreases self-benefit compared to the baseline without any instructions, it can obtain relatively more self-benefit than nonurgent behavior without considering self-benefit. Third, cooperative behavior requires cognitive effort. Conclusion: Cooperative behavior provides benefit to both oneself and others by spending cognitive effort in not interrupting others. Application: If the nature of the cooperative behavior can be clarified, a cooperative module can be implemented into the algorithms of various mobilities.

DOI： 10.1177/00187208221121404

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PubMed

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その他リンク： http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/00187208221121404

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour  

In recent years, systems have been developed to realize automatic driving based on objective information such as the relative distance and relative speed between vehicles. However, humans still must drive in complex situations, for instance, when merging lanes. In such driving situations, it is possible that people make decisions based not only on objective information, but also on subjective information. This study examined how subjective information, specifically, a driver's impression of the other vehicle, affects the decision to merge in front of or behind the other vehicle when merging lanes on a highway. Twenty participants (nmale = 10; nfemale = 10; Mage = 43.92 [SDage = 11.40]) joined two experiments, Days 1E and 2E, using a driving simulator. Two months after participating in Day 1E the participants joined Day 2E. In the Day 1E, they drove either on the merging lane or the main lane and merged lanes while considering the other vehicle driving along the adjacent lane. This experiment measured the probability that the participants drove in front of another vehicle upon merging, which is defined as “lead probability.” The Day 2E was similar to 1E, except for the manipulation of the participants’ impression of the other vehicle as being aggressive/cautious via acceleration/deceleration of the other vehicle, and through the contents of the instructions regarding the other vehicle's driving characteristics. In the Day 2E, the participants were randomly assigned to two: Aggressive or Cautious conditions. As the result of comparing the lead probabilities, it was found that only when the participants were driving on the merging lane and had the impression that the other vehicle is aggressive, the impression lowered the lead probability. The result indicates that people make decisions based not only on objective information but also on subjective information for specific driving situations, such as merging lanes. These findings can help in the development of automated driving systems that allow safer merging.

DOI： 10.1016/j.trf.2022.06.007

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：2022 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration, SII 2022  

Recently, many researchers in the mobile robot field study how to realize socially-aware navigation in human-robot coexisting spaces. However, we have fundamental questions: how can be the socially-aware behavior defined and classified? Our work aims to provide the answers and is divided into two major studies; defining the socially-aware behavior in terms of the traffic psychology and extracting specific patterns to understand the behavior. For the first study, we designed simulation experiments based on the traffic psychology. In the experiments, participants operated an ego-agent to a destination with three different instructions; cooperative, urgent, and non-urgent. We also analyzed differences of the navigation styles and found that the statistical trend of the ego-motion is different in each style. However, it is difficult to find specific patterns in relation between the ego-motion and surrounding situations. This paper focuses on the second study and presents a classification method of the navigation styles using persistent homology (PH). We consider that implicit patterns could be extracted from surrounding situations by PH because it could enable to find specific patterns from data even when they seem to be distributed randomly. Results show the possibility that the PH-based method could acquire effective information for the classification.

DOI： 10.1109/SII52469.2022.9708804

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Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: Comparative Cognition: Animal Minds, CogSci 2021  

The development of mobility technologies has led to the concept of shared spaces. In the shared space, mobilities and pedestrians share a single common space. Compared to conventional separated spaces, cooperative behaviors are critical in shared spaces because all agents can move freely at their own speed and in their directions with few constraints. An experiment was conducted using indices for own cost, others’ benefit, and own loss to reveal the nature of the cooperative behaviors associated with moving. We found that compared to when people are encouraged to behave without urgency, they frequently change their speed and direction so as not to interrupt others and reach their destination more quickly when people are required to behave cooperatively. Therefore, it was concluded that both others’ benefit and one’s own benefit are critical for cooperative behaviors when moving in shared spaces.

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

In this study, a driving model that observes others’ behaviors and that makes its decisions based on the estimated characteristics of the other driver in the situation where two lanes merge on a highway was developed. Additionally, drivers’ probabilities of decisions in relation to their primary characteristics was interpreted. We presumed various drivers have different characteristics such as aggression and caution that affect their making decisions. We simulated the merging behaviors of two drivers in a merging lane and in a main lane after the driver in the merging lane had estimated the characteristics of the driver in the main lane as a typical case. The results of the estimation-success case revealed that two drivers changed lanes immediately after selecting and canceling their decisions several times. However, the results of the estimation-failure case revealed that if a standoff between two drivers occurred, it would take longer to change lanes than in the estimation-success case. Furthermore, the lateral swaying of the cars was worse in the estimation-failure case than in the estimation-success case because the two drivers allocated much cognitive resources and time to monitor of the other car. The importance of understanding others and building a model that understands others in traffic is discussed.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-50537-0_3

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)  

Driving often involves situations where interaction between drivers is required, for instance in situations where two lanes merge. In previous studies, models have been proposed wherein the environmental relationship, such as relative distance between two cars determines the drivers’ driving behavior (Hiramatsu, Jang, Naemoto, Ito, Yamazaki, and Sunda, 2017). However, according to Simulation Theory in the Theory of Mind, the driver may think “If I were you, I would drive in this way,” and so their behavior is determined by referring to this simulation. In this study, this hypothesis was examined in the merging scenario. Results show that a driver would drive according to traffic norms or the driving tendency (e.g., the degree of acceleration/deceleration, or average speed). This suggests that the Simulation Theory proposed in the Theory of Mind is unlikely to be adopted in decision-making process in the merging scenario.

DOI： 10.1007/978-3-030-50537-0_9

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本認知科学会  

 Advanced driving assistance system supports human drivers in two ways. First, the system provides information about the surrounding environment and encourages drivers to change their behavior. Second, the system intervenes in driving behavior directly to assure the safety. Such a system makes two different effects on drivers. The first is a cognitive effect, which includes drivers' subjective evaluations about the system. The second is a behavioral effect, which includes drivers' behavioral changes after driving with the system. We examined how information presentation and behavioral intervention affect drivers in both cognitive and behavioral aspects. The results show that information presentation makes a significant effect on drivers' behavioral changes after driving with the system while behavioral intervention makes a significant effect on drivers' evaluations about the system.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.25.324

CiNii Books

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 人工知能学会  

DOI： 10.11517/jsaialst.79.0_10

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：日本認知科学会  

Reconstructing explanations perform a crucial role not only in the progress of science,<br>but in educational practice and daily activities including comprehension of phenomena.<br> We focused on the transition of attention on a key fact that contradicts the preceding<br> explanation and has a central role in its reconstruction. We used a short story as an<br> experimental material in which the participants first constructed a prior explanation<br> and reconstructed it. The experimental results are summarized as follows. First, when<br> the prior explanation was rejected, a new explanation was required, after attention on<br> the key fact was inhibited. Second, hypothesized premises not inconsistent with the<br> prior explanation were sought to protect the prior explanation. Third, the explanation<br> reconstruction was facilitated by having the participants focus on the key fact. Last,<br>attention on the key fact was recovered through explanation reconstruction.

DOI： 10.11225/jcss.22.223

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Building Bridges Across Cognitive Sciences Around the World - Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, CogSci 2012  

Reconstructing explanations is crucial for the progress of science. We focused on the transition of interest in a key fact that contradicts the preceding explanation and has a central role in its reconstruction. We used a short story as an experimental material in which the participants first constructed a naïve explanation and reconstructed it. First, when the naïve explanation was rejected, a new explanation was required, after interest in the key fact was inhibited. Second, hypothesized premises not inconsistent with the naïve explanation were sought to protect the naïve explanation. Third, interest in the key fact was recovered through the process of the explanation reconstruction. Last, we facilitated the explanation reconstruction by having the participants focus on the key fact.

Scopus

開催年月日： 2023年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2023年8月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

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開催年月日： 2022年

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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その他リンク： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/sii/sii2022.html#AkaiMMHM22

開催年月日： 2021年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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開催年月日： 2021年7月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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開催年月日： 2021年

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

Safety and acceptability are the main concerns in the design of driver assistance systems. However, these two requirements sometimes conflict with each other depending on the situation and the driver. This conflict is particularly emphasized in the case of elderly drivers. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a driver-vehicle cooperation scheme, an "instructor-like assisting control" consisting of model predictive constraint satisfaction and a multi-modal human-machine interface. The proposed assisting scheme is expected to improve the drivers' inherent driving characteristics, which is recognized as a "coaching effect" in cognitive science. This effect was verified by long-term experiments over one month using a driving simulator.

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その他リンク： https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/iecon/iecon2021.html#YamaguchiMSM21

開催年月日： 2020年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2020年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2020年

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2020年

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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開催年月日： 2019年

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：Palais des congrès de Montréal  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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その他リンク： http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/cogsci/cogsci2012.html#conf/cogsci/TeraiMM12

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

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