2025/10/08 更新

写真a

ヤマシタ　マサキ
山下　雅樹
YAMASHITA Masaki
所属
宇宙地球環境研究所 基盤研究部門 宇宙線研究部 教授
大学院担当
大学院理学研究科
職名
教授

学位 3

  1. 博士（理学） （ 2003年7月   早稲田大学 ） 

  2. 修士(理学） （ 2000年3月   早稲田大学 ） 

  3. 学士(工学） （ 1998年3月   早稲田大学 ） 

学位の先頭へ▲

研究キーワード 1

  1. 暗黒物質

研究キーワードの先頭へ▲

研究分野 1

  1. 自然科学一般 / 素粒子、原子核、宇宙線、宇宙物理に関する実験  / 暗黒物質、ニュートリノ、宇宙素粒子

研究分野の先頭へ▲

経歴 10

  1. 名古屋大学   宇宙地球環境研究所 基盤研究部門 宇宙線研究部   教授

    2025年10月 - 現在

  2. 東京大学   数物連携宇宙研究機構   特任准教授

    2021年4月 - 2025年9月

  3. 東京大学   数物連携宇宙研究機構   特任准教授

    2021年4月 - 2025年9月

  4. 名古屋大学   宇宙地球環境研究所   特任准教授

    2020年4月 - 2021年3月

  5. 東京大学   Kamioka observatory, ICRR   Project Associate Professor

    2008年1月 - 2020年3月

  6. 東京大学   宇宙線研究所神岡宇宙素粒子研究施設   特任准教授

    2008年1月 - 2020年3月

  7. コロンビア大学   Physics Department and Astrophysics Laboratory   Research Scientist

    2007年7月 - 2007年12月

  8. Columbia University   Physics Department and Astrophysics Laboratory   Research Scientist

    2007年7月 - 2007年12月

  9. Columbia University   Physics Department and Astrophysics Laboratory   Associate Research Scientist

    2005年8月 - 2007年6月

  10. Columbia University   Physics Department and Astrophysics Laboratory   Post-docs

    2003年7月 - 2005年7月

▼全件表示

経歴の先頭へ▲

学歴 2

  1. 早稲田大学   大学院理工学研究科   物理学及応用物理学専攻

    2000年4月 - 2003年7月

    　 詳細を見る

    国名： 日本国

  2. 早稲田大学   大学院理工学研究科   物理学及応用物理学専攻

    1998年4月 - 2000年3月

学歴の先頭へ▲

所属学協会 1

  1. 日本物理学会

所属学協会の先頭へ▲
 

論文 112

  1. Evaluation of radon adsorption efficiency values in xenon with activated carbon fibers

    Nakano Y., Ichimura K., Ito H., Okada T., Sekiya H., Takeuchi Y., Tasaka S., Yamashita M.

    PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS   2020 巻 ( 11 )   2020年11月

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    掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptaa119

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  2. Direct dark matter search with xmass

    Yamashita M.

    Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013   2013-October 巻   2013年

    　詳細を見る

    掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013  

    Scopus

  3. 2相型キセノン検出器による暗黒物質探索 : XENON10実験の成果

    山下 雅樹

    日本物理學會誌   63 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 953 - 956   2008年12月

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    掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本物理学会  

    2007年4月米国物理学会において,気体-液体2相型キセノン検出器を用いたXENON10の実験結果が発表された.暗黒物質候補WIMPと核子の散乱断面積として,WIMPの質量が30(100)GeV/c^2に対し,4.5(8.8)×10^<-44>cm^2の上限値が得られたもので,ここ数年上限値競争をリードしてきたCDMSグループによるGe検出器実験よりも数倍良い結果であった,本稿では,現時点で最高感度を達成したXENON10実験の成果について,検出器,データ解析などの詳細にも触れながら紹介する.

    CiNii Research

  4. The neutron veto of the XENONnT experiment: results with demineralized water 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Boese, K; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Garcia, LCD; Decowski, MP; Deisting, A; Di Donato, C; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; el Morabit, S; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Ghosh, S; Giacomobono, R; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gyorgy, P; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koke, D; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Liu, M; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Melchiorre, A; Merz, J; Messina, M; Michael, A; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Pan, Y; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rajado, M; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shi, J; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Szyszka, C; Takeda, A; Takeuchi, Y; Tan, PL; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, CD; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Solar, FIV; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   85 巻 ( 6 )   2025年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    Radiogenic neutrons emitted by detector materials are one of the most challenging backgrounds for the direct search of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). To mitigate this background, the XENONnT experiment is equipped with a novel gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector, which encloses the xenon dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The neutron veto (NV) can tag neutrons via their capture on gadolinium or hydrogen, which release γ-rays that are subsequently detected as Cherenkov light. In this work, we present the first results of the XENONnT NV when operated with demineralized water only, before the insertion of gadolinium. Its efficiency for detecting neutrons is (82±1)%, the highest neutron detection efficiency achieved in a water Cherenkov detector. This enables a high efficiency of (53±3)% for the tagging of WIMP-like neutron signals, inside a tagging time window of 250μs between TPC and NV, leading to a livetime loss of 1.6% during the first science run of XENONnT.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14105-0

    Open Access

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  5. XENONnT WIMP search: Signal and background modeling and statistical inference 国際共著 国際誌

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Boese, K; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cardoso, JMR; Chávez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Garcia, LCD; Decowski, MP; Di Donato, C; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Ghosh, S; Giacomobono, R; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gyorgy, P; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Melchiorre, A; Messina, M; Michael, A; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Pan, Y; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rajado, M; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shi, J; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, CD; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Solar, FIV; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   111 巻 ( 10 )   2025年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    The XENONnT experiment searches for weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter scattering off a xenon nucleus. In particular, XENONnT uses a dual-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9-ton liquid xenon target, detecting both scintillation and ionization signals to reconstruct the energy, position, and type of recoil. A blind search for nuclear recoil WIMPs with an exposure of 1.1 ton-years (4.18 t fiducial mass) yielded no signal excess over background expectations, from which competitive exclusion limits were derived on WIMP-nucleon elastic scatter cross sections, for WIMP masses ranging from 6 GeV/c2 up to the TeV/c2 scale. This work details the modeling and statistical methods employed in this search. By means of calibration data, we model the detector response, which is then used to derive background and signal models. The construction and validation of these models is discussed, alongside additional purely data-driven backgrounds. We also describe the statistical inference framework, including the definition of the likelihood function and the construction of confidence intervals.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.103040

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  6. Neutrinoless double beta decay sensitivity of the XLZD rare event observatory 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Adrover, M; Maouloud, SA; Akerib, DS; Al Musalhi, AK; Alder, F; Althueser, L; Amaral, DWP; Amarasinghe, CS; Ames, A; Andrieu, B; Angelides, N; Angelino, E; Antunovic, B; Aprile, E; Araújo, HM; Armstrong, JE; Arthurs, M; Babicz, M; Baker, A; Balzer, M; Bang, J; Barberio, E; Bargemann, JW; Barillier, E; Basharina-Freshville, A; Baudis, L; Bauer, D; Bazyk, M; Beattie, K; Beaupere, N; Bell, NF; Bellagamba, L; Benson, T; Bhatti, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Biondi, R; Biondi, Y; Birch, HJ; Bishop, E; Bismark, A; Boehm, C; Boese, K; Bolotnikov, A; Brás, P; Braun, R; Breskin, A; Brew, CAJ; Brommer, S; Brown, A; Bruni, G; Budnik, R; Burdin, S; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Carini, G; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Carter, M; Chauvin, A; Chawla, A; Chen, H; Cherwinka, JJ; Chin, YT; Chott, NI; Chavez, APC; Clark, K; Colijn, AP; Colling, DJ; Conrad, J; Converse, MV; Coronel, R; Costanzo, D; Cottle, A; Cox, G; Cuenca-García, JJ; Curran, D; Cussans, D; D'Andrea, V; Daniel Garcia, LC; Darlington, I; Dave, S; David, A; Davies, GJ; Decowski, MP; Deisting, A; Delgaudio, J; Dey, S; Di Donato, C; Di Felice, L; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Ding, C; Dobson, JEY; Doerenkamp, M; Drexlin, G; Druszkiewicz, E; Dunbar, CL; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Engel, R; Eriksen, SR; Fayer, S; Fearon, NM; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fieldhouse, N; Fischer, H; Flaecher, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fraser, ED; Fruth, TMA; Fujikawa, K; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Gaitskell, RJ; Gallice, N; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Garroum, N; Geffre, A; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Ghosh, S; Giacomobono, R; Gibbons, R; Girard, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Glück, F; Gokhale, S; Grandi, L; Green, J; Grigat, J; van der Grinten, MGD; Grössle, R; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gyorgy, P; Haiston, JJ; Hall, CR; Hall, T; Hammann, R; Hannen, V; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Hargittai, N; Hartigan-O'Connor, E; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hernandez, M; Hertel, SA; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hiraoka, K; Hoetzsch, L; Hoferichter, M; Homenides, GJ; Hood, NF; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Hughes, S; Hunt, D; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jacquet, E; Jakob, J; James, RS; Joerg, F; Jones, S; Kaboth, AC; Kahlert, F; Kamaha, AC; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Keller, M; Kemp-Russell, P; Khaitan, D; Kharbanda, P; Kilminster, B; Kim, J; Kirk, R; Kleifges, M; Klute, M; Kobayashi, M; Kodroff, D; Koke, D; Kopec, A; Korolkova, EV; Kraus, H; Kravitz, S; Kreczko, L; von Krosigk, B; Kudryavtsev, VA; Kuger, F; Kurita, N; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Lawes, C; Lee, J; Lehnert, B; Leonard, DS; Lesko, KT; Levinson, L; Li, A; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Liang, Z; Lin, J; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Linden, S; Lindner, M; Lindote, A; Lippincott, WH; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Lopes, JAM; Lopes, MI; Lorenzon, W; Loutit, M; Lu, C; Lucchetti, GM; Luce, T; Luitz, S; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Maier, B; Majewski, PA; Manalaysay, A; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Mannino, RL; Marignetti, F; Marley, T; Marrodán Undagoitia, T; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Maupin, C; McCabe, C; McCarthy, ME; McKinsey, DN; Mclaughlin, JB; Melchiorre, A; Menéndez, J; Messina, M; Miller, EH; Milosovic, B; Milutinovic, S; Miuchi, K; Miyata, R; Mizrachi, E; Molinario, A; Monteiro, CMB; Monzani, ME; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Morrison, E; Morteau, E; Mosbacher, Y; Mount, BJ; Müller, J; Murdy, M; Murphy, ASJ; Murra, M; Naylor, A; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; Newstead, JL; Nguyen, A; Ni, K; O'Hare, C; Oberlack, U; Obradovic, M; Olcina, I; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Orebi Gann, GD; Orpwood, J; Ouahada, S; Oyulmaz, K; Paetsch, B; Palladino, KJ; Palmer, J; Pan, Y; Pandurovic, M; Pannifer, NJ; Paramesvaran, S; Patton, SJ; Pellegrini, Q; Penning, B; Pereira, G; Peres, R; Perry, E; Pershing, T; Piastra, F; Pienaar, J; Piepke, A; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qiao, K; Qie, Y; Qin, J; Radeka, S; Radeka, V; Rajado, M; García, DR; Ravindran, A; Razeto, A; Reichenbacher, J; Rhyne, CA; Richards, A; Rischbieter, GRC; Riyat, HS; Rosero, R; Roy, A; Rushton, T; Rynders, D; Saakyan, R; Sanchez, L; Sanchez-Lucas, P; Santone, D; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Sazzad, ABMR; Scaffidi, A; Schnee, RW; Schreiner, J; Schulte, P; Schulze Eissing, H; Schumann, M; Schwenck, A; Schwenk, A; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Sharma, S; Shaw, S; Shen, W; Sherman, L; Shi, S; Shi, SY; Shimada, T; Shutt, T; Silk, JJ; Silva, C; Simgen, H; Sinev, G; Singh, R; Siniscalco, J; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Song, Z; Sorensen, P; Soria, J; Stanley, O; Steidl, M; Stenhouse, T; Stevens, A; Stifter, K; Sumner, TJ; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Thers, D; Thümmler, T; Tiedt, DR; Tönnies, F; Tong, Z; Toschi, F; Tovey, DR; Tranter, J; Trask, M; Trinchero, G; Tripathi, M; Tronstad, DR; Trotta, R; Tunnell, CD; Urquijo, P; Usón, A; Utoyama, M; Vaitkus, AC; Valentino, O; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Velan, V; Vetter, S; de Viveiros, L; Volta, G; Vorkapic, D; Wang, A; Wang, JJ; Wang, Y; Waters, D; Weerman, KM; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Whitis, TJ; Wild, K; Williams, M; Wilson, M; Wilson, ST; Wittweg, C; Wolf, J; Wolfs, FLH; Woodford, S; Woodward, D; Worcester, M; Wright, CJ; Wu, VHS; Wüstling, S; Wurm, M; Xia, Q; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, J; Xu, Y; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yeh, M; Yu, B; Zavattini, G; Zha, W; Zhong, M; Zuber, K

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS   52 巻 ( 4 )   2025年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics  

    The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60-80 t capable of probing the remaining weakly interacting massive particle-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in <sup>136</sup>Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3σ discovery potential half-life of 5.7 × 10<sup>27</sup> years (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3 × 10<sup>28</sup> years) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community.

    DOI： 10.1088/1361-6471/adb900

    Open Access

    Web of Science

    Scopus

  7. Search for Light Dark Matter in Low-Energy Ionization Signals from XENONnT 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Boese, K; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Garcia, LCD; Decowski, MP; Deisting, A; Di Donato, C; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; el Morabit, S; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Ghosh, S; Giacomobono, R; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gyorgy, P; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koke, D; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Liu, M; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Melchiorre, A; Merz, J; Messina, M; Michael, A; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Mora, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Pan, Y; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rajado, M; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shi, J; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Szyszka, C; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, CD; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Solar, FIV; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   134 巻 ( 16 ) 頁： 161004   2025年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We report on a blinded search for dark matter with single- and few-electron signals in the first science run of XENONnT relying on a novel detector response framework that is physics model dependent. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron interactions. Heavy and light mediator cases are considered for the standard halo model and dark matter up-scattered in the Sun. We set stringent new limits on dark matter-electron scattering via a heavy mediator with a mass within 10-20 MeV/c2 and electron absorption of axionlike particles and dark photons for mχ below 0.03 keV/c2.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.161004

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  8. First Search for Light Dark Matter in the Neutrino Fog with XENONnT 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Boese, K; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Chávez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Garcia, LCD; Decowski, MP; Deisting, A; Di Donato, C; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; el Morabit, S; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Ghosh, S; Giacomobono, R; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gyorgy, P; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koke, D; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Liu, M; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Melchiorre, A; Merz, J; Messina, M; Michael, A; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Pan, Y; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rajado, M; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shi, J; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Szyszka, C; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, CD; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Solar, FIV; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   134 巻 ( 11 ) 頁： 111802   2025年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We search for dark matter (DM) with a mass [3,12] GeV/c2 using an exposure of 3.51 tonne year with the XENONnT experiment. We consider spin-independent DM-nucleon interactions mediated by a heavy or light mediator, spin-dependent DM-neutron interactions, momentum-dependent DM scattering, and mirror DM. Using a lowered energy threshold compared to the previous weakly interacting massive particle search, a blind analysis of [0.5, 5.0] keV nuclear recoil events reveals no significant signal excess over the background. XENONnT excludes spin-independent DM-nucleon cross sections >2.5×10-45 cm2 at 90% confidence level for 6 GeV/c2 DM. In the considered mass range, the DM sensitivity approaches the "neutrino fog,"the limitation where neutrinos produce a signal that is indistinguishable from that of light DM-xenon nucleus scattering.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.111802

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  9. XENONnT analysis: Signal reconstruction, calibration, and event selection 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile E., Aalbers J., Abe K., Ahmed Maouloud S., Althueser L., Andrieu B., Angelino E., Angevaare J.R., Antón Martin D., Arneodo F., Baudis L., Bazyk M., Bellagamba L., Biondi R., Bismark A., Boese K., Brown A., Bruno G., Budnik R., Cardoso J.M.R., Cimental Chávez A.P., Colijn A.P., Conrad J., Cuenca-García J.J., D'Andrea V., Daniel Garcia L.C., Decowski M.P., Deisting A., Di Donato C., Di Gangi P., Diglio S., Eitel K., Elykov A., Ferella A.D., Ferrari C., Fischer H., Flehmke T., Flierman M., Fulgione W., Fuselli C., Gaemers P., Gaior R., Galloway M., Gao F., Ghosh S., Giacomobono R., Glade-Beucke R., Grandi L., Grigat J., Guan H., Guida M., Gyorgy P., Hammann R., Higuera A., Hils C., Hoetzsch L., Hood N.F., Iacovacci M., Itow Y., Jakob J., Joerg F., Kaminaga Y., Kara M., Kavrigin P., Kazama S., Kobayashi M., Koke D., Kopec A., Kuger F., Landsman H., Lang R.F., Levinson L., Li I., Li S., Liang S., Lin Y.T., Lindemann S., Lindner M., Liu K., Loizeau J., Lombardi F., Long J., Lopes J.A.M., Luce T., Ma Y., Macolino C., Mahlstedt J., Mancuso A., Manenti L., Marignetti F., Marrodán Undagoitia T., Martens K., Masbou J., Masson E., Mastroianni S., Melchiorre A., Merz J., Messina M., Michael A., Miuchi K.

    Physical Review D   111 巻 ( 6 )   2025年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    The XENONnT experiment, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, features a 5.9 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber surrounded by an instrumented neutron veto, all of which is housed within a muon veto water tank. Because of extensive shielding and advanced purification to mitigate natural radioactivity, an exceptionally low background level of (15.8±1.3) events/(tonne·year·keV) in the (1,30) keV region is reached in the inner part of the time projection chamber. XENONnT is, thus, sensitive to a wide range of rare phenomena related to dark matter and neutrino interactions, both within and beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, with a focus on the direct detection of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles. From May 2021 to December 2021, XENONnT accumulated data in rare-event search mode with a total exposure of one tonne·year. This paper provides a detailed description of the signal reconstruction methods, event selection procedure, and detector response calibration, as well as an overview of the detector performance in this time frame. This work establishes the foundational framework for the "blind analysis"methodology we are using when reporting XENONnT physics results.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.062006

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  10. Luminescence-quenching model for nuclear recoils in rare-gas liquids for direct dark matter searches 国際共著 国際誌

    Akira Hitachi, Kiseki Nakamura, Masaki Yamashita

    Physical Review D     2025年2月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.043003

  11. First Indication of Solar <SUP>8</SUP>B Neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with XENONnT 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Boese, K; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Chávez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Garcia, LCD; Decowski, MP; Deisting, A; Di Donato, C; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Ghosh, S; Giacomobono, R; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gyorgy, P; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koke, D; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Liu, M; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Melchiorre, A; Merz, J; Messina, M; Michael, A; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Pan, Y; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rajado, M; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shi, J; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, CD; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Solar, FIV; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   133 巻 ( 19 ) 頁： 191002   2024年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We present the first measurement of nuclear recoils from solar B8 neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering with the XENONnT dark matter experiment. The central detector of XENONnT is a low-background, two-phase time projection chamber with a 5.9 t sensitive liquid xenon target. A blind analysis with an exposure of 3.51 t×yr resulted in 37 observed events above 0.5 keV, with (26.4-1.3+1.4) events expected from backgrounds. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a statistical significance of 2.73σ. The measured B8 solar neutrino flux of (4.7-2.3+3.6)×106 cm-2 s-1 is consistent with results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The measured neutrino flux-weighted CEνNS cross section on Xe of (1.1-0.5+0.8)×10-39 cm2 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This is the first direct measurement of nuclear recoils from solar neutrinos with a dark matter detector.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.191002

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  12. The XENONnT dark matter experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Balata, M; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cassese, F; Chiarini, A; Cichon, D; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Corrieri, R; Cuenca-Garcia, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; Dadoun, O; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; De Fazio, B; Gangi, PD; Diglio, S; Disdier, JM; Douillet, D; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Form, S; Front, D; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Gardner, R; Garroum, N; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guerzoni, M; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Huhmann, C; Iacovacci, M; Iaquaniello, G; Iven, L; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martella, P; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Mele, E; Messina, M; Michinelli, R; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Mora, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Mueller, J; Ni, K; Nisi, S; Oberlack, U; Orlandi, D; Othegraven, R; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Parlati, S; Paschos, P; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Qi, J; Qin, J; Garcia, DR; Rynge, M; Shi, J; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Stephen, J; Stern, M; Stillwell, BK; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Tatananni, D; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Westermann, J; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   84 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 784   2024年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5

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  13. Offline tagging of radon-induced backgrounds in XENON1T and applicability to other liquid xenon time projection chambers 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cardoso, JMR; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Garcia, LCD; Decowski, MP; Di Donato, C; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flehmke, T; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Ghosh, S; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kaminaga, Y; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lin, YT; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Melchiorre, A; Messina, M; Michael, A; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Pan, Y; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rajado, M; Shi, J; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   110 巻 ( 1 )   2024年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    This paper details the first application of a software tagging algorithm to reduce radon-induced backgrounds in liquid noble element time projection chambers, such as XENON1T and XENONnT. The convection velocity field in XENON1T was mapped out using Rn222 and Po218 events, and the rms convection speed was measured to be 0.30±0.01 cm/s. Given this velocity field, Pb214 background events can be tagged when they are followed by Bi214 and Po214 decays, or preceded by Po218 decays. This was achieved by evolving a point cloud in the direction of a measured convection velocity field, and searching for Bi214 and Po214 decays or Po218 decays within a volume defined by the point cloud. In XENON1T, this tagging system achieved a Pb214 background reduction of 6.2-0.9+0.4% with an exposure loss of 1.8±0.2%, despite the timescales of convection being smaller than the relevant decay times. We show that the performance can be improved in XENONnT, and that the performance of such a software-tagging approach can be expected to be further improved in a diffusion-limited scenario. Finally, a similar method might be useful to tag the cosmogenic Xe137 background, which is relevant to the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.110.012011

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  14. Effective field theory and inelastic dark matter results from XENON1T 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   109 巻 ( 11 )   2024年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    In this work, we expand on the XENON1T nuclear recoil searches to study the individual signals of dark matter interactions from operators up to dimension eight in a chiral effective field theory (ChEFT) and a model of inelastic dark matter (iDM). We analyze data from two science runs of the XENON1T detector totaling 1 t×yr exposure. For these analyses, we extended the region of interest from [4.9,40.9] keVNR to [4.9,54.4] keVNR to enhance our sensitivity for signals that peak at nonzero energies. We show that the data are consistent with the background-only hypothesis, with a small background overfluctuation observed peaking between 20 and 50 keVNR, resulting in a maximum local discovery significance of 1.7σ for the Vector - Vectorstrange ChEFT channel for a dark matter particle of 70 GeV/c2 and 1.8σ for an iDM particle of 50 GeV/c2 with a mass splitting of 100 keV/c2. For each model, we report 90% confidence level upper limits. We also report upper limits on three benchmark models of dark matter interaction using ChEFT where we investigate the effect of isospin-breaking interactions. We observe rate-driven cancellations in regions of the isospin-breaking couplings, leading to up to 6 orders of magnitude weaker upper limits with respect to the isospin-conserving case.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.109.112017

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  15. Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Chávez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-Garcia, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Mora, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Qi, J; Qin, J; Garcia, DR; Sarcevic, N; Shi, J; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   84 巻 ( 2 )   2024年2月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to <sup>83m</sup>Krcalibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12296-y

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  16. Cosmogenic background simulations for neutrinoless double beta decay with the DARWIN observatory at various underground sites 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Adrover, M; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antunovic, B; Aprile, E; Babicz, M; Bajpai, D; Barberio, E; Baudis, L; Bazyk, M; Bell, N; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Biondi, Y; Bismark, A; Boehm, C; Breskin, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Chauvin, A; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Deisting, A; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Doerenkamp, M; Drexlin, G; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Engel, R; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Garroum, N; Ghosh, S; Girard, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Glück, F; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Grössle, R; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Hannen, V; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Hargittai, N; Hasegawa, T; Hils, C; Higuera, A; Hiraoka, K; Hoetzsch, L; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Jörg, F; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Keller, M; Kilminster, B; Kleifges, M; Kobayashi, M; Kopec, A; von Krosigk, B; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Loizeau, J; Luce, T; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Undagoitia, TM; Lopes, JAM; Marignetti, F; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Mastroianni, S; Milutinovic, S; Miuchi, K; Miyata, R; Molinario, A; Monteiro, CMB; Morå, K; Morteau, E; Mosbacher, Y; Müller, J; Murra, M; Newstead, JL; Ni, K; Oberlack, UG; Ostrovskiy, I; Paetsch, B; Pandurovic, M; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Piotter, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Principe, L; Qi, J; Qin, J; Silva, MR; García, DR; Razeto, A; Sakamoto, S; Sanchez, L; Sanchez-Lucas, P; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Scaffidi, A; Schulte, P; Schultz-Coulon, HC; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Sharma, S; Shen, W; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Singh, R; Solmaz, M; Stanley, O; Steidl, M; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Thuemmler, T; Toennies, F; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Trotta, R; Tunnell, C; Urquijo, P; Valerius, K; Vecchi, S; Vetter, S; Volta, G; Vorkapic, D; Wang, W; Weerman, KM; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, J; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Wurm, M; Xing, Y; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zuber, K

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   84 巻 ( 1 )   2024年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay (0 ν β β), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We present here the results of simulations performed to determine the production rate of <sup>137</sup> Xe, the most crucial isotope in the search for 0 ν β β of <sup>136</sup> Xe. Additionally, we explore the contribution that other muon-induced spallation products, such as other unstable xenon isotopes and tritium, may have on the cosmogenic background.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12298-w

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  17. Search for events in XENON1T associated with gravitational waves 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Carlos, DGL; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Shi, J; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   108 巻 ( 7 )   2023年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    We perform a blind search for particle signals in the XENON1T dark matter detector that occur close in time to gravitational-wave signals in the LIGO and Virgo observatories. No particle signal is observed in the nuclear recoil and electronic recoil channels within ±500 seconds of observations of the gravitational-wave signals GW170104, GW170729, GW170817, GW170818, and GW170823. We use this null result to constrain monoenergetic neutrinos and axion-like particles emitted in the closest coalescence GW170817, a binary neutron star merger. We set new upper limits on the fluence (time-integrated flux) of coincident neutrinos down to 17 keV at the 90% confidence level. Furthermore, we constrain the product of the coincident fluence and cross section of axion-like particles to be less than 10-29 cm2/cm2 in the [5.5-210] keV energy range at the 90% confidence level.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.108.072015

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  18. Direct dark matter searches with the full data set of XMASS-I 国際共著 国際誌

    Abe K., Hiraide K., Kato N., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Sato K., Sekiya H., Suzuki T., Suzuki Y., Takeda A., Yang B.S., Kim N.Y., Kim Y.D., Kim Y.H., Itow Y., Martens K., Mason A., Yamashita M., Miuchi K., Takeuchi Y., Lee K.B., Lee M.K., Fukuda Y., Ogawa H., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Nishijima K., Fushimi K., Xu B.D., Kobayashi K., Nakamura S.

    Physical Review D   108 巻 ( 8 )   2023年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    Various weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter searches using the full data set of XMASS-I, a single-phase liquid xenon detector, are reported in this paper. Stable XMASS-I data taking accumulated a total live time of 1590.9 days between November 20, 2013 and February 1, 2019 with an analysis threshold of 1.0 keVee. In the latter half of data taking a lower analysis threshold of 0.5 keVee was also available through a new low threshold trigger. Searching for a WIMP signal in the detector's 97 kg fiducial volume yielded a limit on the WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section of 1.4×10-44 cm2 for a 60 GeV/c2 WIMP at the 90% confidence level. We also searched for WIMP induced annual modulation signatures in the detector's whole target volume, containing 832 kg of liquid xenon. For nuclear recoils of a 8 GeV/c2 WIMP this analysis yielded a 90% confidence level (CL) cross section limit of 2.3×10-42 cm2. Annual modulation signatures from the Migdal effect and bremsstrahlung at a WIMP mass of 0.5 GeV/c2 are evaluated and lead to 90% CL cross section limits of 1.4×10-35 cm2 and 1.1×10-33 cm2, respectively.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.108.083022

    Scopus

  19. First Dark Matter Search with Nuclear Recoils from the XENONnT Experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-Garcia, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, ; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Mueller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; Garcí, DR; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Toennies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   131 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 041003   2023年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We report on the first search for nuclear recoils from dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with the XENONnT experiment, which is based on a two-phase time projection chamber with a sensitive liquid xenon mass of 5.9 ton. During the (1.09±0.03) ton yr exposure used for this search, the intrinsic Kr85 and Rn222 concentrations in the liquid target are reduced to unprecedentedly low levels, giving an electronic recoil background rate of (15.8±1.3) events/ton yr keV in the region of interest. A blind analysis of nuclear recoil events with energies between 3.3 and 60.5 keV finds no significant excess. This leads to a minimum upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.58×1047 cm2 for a WIMP mass of 28 GeV/c2 at 90% confidence level. Limits for spin-dependent interactions are also provided. Both the limit and the sensitivity for the full range of WIMP masses analyzed here improve on previous results obtained with the XENON1T experiment for the same exposure.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041003

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    PubMed

  20. Detector signal characterization with a Bayesian network in XENONnT 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Chavez, APC; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, PS; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   108 巻 ( 1 )   2023年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    We developed a detector signal characterization model based on a Bayesian network trained on the waveform attributes generated by a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. By performing inference on the model, we produced a quantitative metric of signal characterization and demonstrate that this metric can be used to determine whether a detector signal is sourced from a scintillation or an ionization process. We describe the method and its performance on electronic-recoil (ER) data taken during the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. We demonstrate the first use of a Bayesian network in a waveform-based analysis of detector signals. This method resulted in a 3% increase in ER event-selection efficiency with a simultaneously effective rejection of events outside of the region of interest. The findings of this analysis are consistent with the previous analysis from XENONnT, namely a background-only fit of the ER data.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.108.012016

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  21. The triggerless data acquisition system of the XENONnT experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Chavez, APC; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Rocchetti, A; Sanchez, L; Sanchez-Lucas, P; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zerbo, S; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION   18 巻 ( 7 )   2023年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Instrumentation  

    The XENONnT detector uses the latest and largest liquid xenon-based time projection chamber (TPC) operated by the XENON Collaboration, aimed at detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles and conducting other rare event searches. The XENONnT data acquisition (DAQ) system constitutes an upgraded and expanded version of the XENON1T DAQ system. For its operation, it relies predominantly on commercially available hardware accompanied by open-source and custom-developed software. The three constituent subsystems of the XENONnT detector, the TPC (main detector), muon veto, and the newly introduced neutron veto, are integrated into a single DAQ, and can be operated both independently and as a unified system. In total, the DAQ digitizes the signals of 698 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), of which 253 from the top PMT array of the TPC are digitized twice, at ×10 and ×0.5 gain. The DAQ for the most part is a triggerless system, reading out and storing every signal that exceeds the digitization thresholds. Custom-developed software is used to process the acquired data, making it available within ∼30 s for live data quality monitoring and online analyses. The entire system with all the three subsystems was successfully commissioned and has been operating continuously, comfortably withstanding readout rates that exceed ∼500 MB/s during calibration. Livetime during normal operation exceeds 99% and is ∼90% during most high-rate calibrations. The combined DAQ system has collected more than 2 PB of both calibration and science data during the commissioning of XENONnT and the first science run.

    DOI： 10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/P07054

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  22. Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brookes, EJ; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Chavez, APC; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-Garcia, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Flierman, M; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guan, H; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Hood, NF; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Koltman, MG; Landsman, AFH; Levinson, RF; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, G; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Mora, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Mueller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Pellegrini, Q; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Pollmann, TR; Qi, J; Qin, J; Garcia, DR; Singh, R; Sanchez, L; Santos, JMFD; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Toennies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Wu, VHS; Xing, Y; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   130 巻 ( 26 ) 頁： 261002   2023年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    Multiple viable theoretical models predict heavy dark matter particles with a mass close to the Planck mass, a range relatively unexplored by current experimental measurements. We use 219.4 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment to conduct a blind search for signals from multiply interacting massive particles (MIMPs). Their unique track signature allows a targeted analysis with only 0.05 expected background events from muons. Following unblinding, we observe no signal candidate events. This Letter places strong constraints on spin-independent interactions of dark matter particles with a mass between 1×1012 and 2×1017 GeV/c2. In addition, we present the first exclusion limits on spin-dependent MIMP-neutron and MIMP-proton cross sections for dark matter particles with masses close to the Planck scale.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.261002

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    PubMed

  23. Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal <SUP>37</SUP>Ar source 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Ahmed Maouloud, S; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Antón Martin, D; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; Garcia, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; Sanchez-Lucas, P; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissng, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zerbo, S; Zhong, M; Zhu, T; Geppert, C; Riemer, J

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   83 巻 ( 6 )   2023年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal <sup>37</sup> Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (32.3±0.3) photons/keV and (40.6±0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (68.0-3.7+6.3) electrons/keV. The <sup>37</sup> Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83±0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that <sup>37</sup> Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11512-z

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  24. A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aalbers, J; AbdusSalam, SS; Abe, K; Aerne, ; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Akerib, DS; Akimov, DY; Akshat, J; Al Musalhi, AK; Alder, F; Alsum, SK; Althueser, L; Amarasinghe, CS; Amaro, FD; Ames, A; Anderson, TJ; Andrieu, B; Angelides, N; Angelino, E; Angevaare, J; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Antunovic, B; Aprile, E; Araújo, HM; Armstrong, JE; Arneodo, F; Arthurs, M; Asadi, P; Baek, S; Bai, X; Bajpai, D; Baker, A; Balajthy, J; Balashov, S; Balzer, M; Bandyopadhyay, A; Bang, J; Barberio, E; Bargemann, JW; Baudis, L; Bauer, D; Baur, D; Baxter, A; Baxter, AL; Bazyk, M; Beattie, K; Behrens, J; Bell, NF; Bellagamba, L; Beltrame, P; Benabderrahmane, M; Bernard, EP; Bertone, GF; Bhattacharjee, P; Bhatti, A; Biekert, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Binau, AR; Biondi, R; Biondi, Y; Birch, HJ; Bishara, F; Bismark, A; Blanco, C; Blockinger, GM; Bodnia, E; Boehm, C; Bolozdynya, A; Bolton, PD; Bottaro, S; Bourgeois, C; Boxer, B; Brás, P; Breskin, A; Breur, PA; Brew, CAJ; Brod, J; Brookes, E; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Burdin, S; Buse, S; Busenitz, JK; Buttazzo, D; Buuck, M; Buzulutskov, A; Cabrita, R; Cai, C; Cai, D; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Cascella, M; Catena, R; Chakraborty, S; Chan, C; Chang, S; Chauvin, A; Chawla, A; Chen, H; Chepel, ; Chott, N; Cichon, D; Chavez, AC; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Co, RT; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Converse, M; Costa, M; Cottle, A; Cox, G; Creaner, O; Garcia, JJC; Cussonneau, JP; Cutter, JE; Dahl, CE; D'Andrea, V; David, A; Decowski, MP; Dent, JB; Deppisch, FF; de Viveiros, L; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Pede, S; Dierle, J; Diglio, S; Dobson, JEY; Doerenkamp, M; Douillet, D; Drexlin, G; Druszkiewicz, E; Dunsky, D; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Emken, T; Engel, R; Eriksen, SR; Fairbairn, M; Fan, A; Fan, JJ; Farrell, SJ; Fayer, S; Fearon, NM; Ferella, A; Ferrari, C; Fieguth, A; Fieguth, A; Fiorucci, S; Fischer, H; Flaecher, H; Flierman, M; Florek, T; Foot, R; Fox, PJ; Franceschini, R; Fraser, ED; Frenk, CS; Frohlich, S; Fruth, T; Fulgione, W; Fuselli, C; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Gaitskell, RJ; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Garcia, IG; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Ghosh, S; Gibson, E; Gil, W; Giovagnoli, D; Girard, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Glück, F; Gokhale, S; de Gouvêa, A; Gráf, L; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Grinstein, B; van der Grinten, MGD; Grössle, R; Guan, H; Guida, M; Gumbsheimer, R; Gwilliam, CB; Hall, CR; Hall, LJ; Hammann, R; Han, K; Hannen, ; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Harata, R; Hardin, SP; Hardy, E; Hardy, CA; Harigaya, K; Harnik, R; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hernandez, M; Hertel, SA; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hochrein, S; Hoetzsch, L; Hoferichter, M; Hood, N; Hooper, D; Horn, M; Howlett, J; Huang, DQ; Huang, Y; Hunt, D; Iacovacci, M; Iaquaniello, G; Ide, R; Ignarra, CM; Iloglu, G; Itow, Y; Jacquet, E; Jahangir, O; Jakob, J; James, RS; Jansen, A; Ji, W; Ji, X; Joerg, F; Johnson, J; Joy, A; Kaboth, AC; Kalhor, L; Kamaha, AC; Kanezaki, K; Kar, K; Kara, M; Kato, N; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Keaveney, AW; Kellerer, J; Khaitan, D; Khazov, A; Khundzakishvili, G; Khurana, ; Kilminster, B; Kleifges, M; Ko, P; Kobayashi, M; Kodroff, D; Koltmann, G; Kopec, A; Kopmann, A; Kopp, J; Korley, L; Kornoukhov, VN; Korolkova, E; Kraus, H; Krauss, LM; Kravitz, S; Kreczko, L; Kudryavtsev, VA; Kuger, F; Kumar, J; Paredes, BL; LaCascio, L; Laha, R; Laine, Q; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Leason, EA; Lee, J; Leonard, DS; Lesko, KT; Levinson, L; Levy, C; Li, ; Li, SC; Li, T; Liang, S; Liebenthal, CS; Lin, J; Lin, Q; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lindote, A; Linehan, R; Lippincott, WH; Liu, X; Liu, K; Liu, J; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, M; Asamar, EL; Lorenzon, W; Lu, C; Luitz, S; Ma, Y; Machado, PAN; Macolino, C; Maeda, T; Mahlstedt, J; Majewski, PA; Manalaysay, A; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Mannino, RL; Marangou, N; March-Russell, J; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Martin, R; Martinez-Soler, ; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Mastronardi, M; Matias-Lopes, JA; McCarthy, ME; McFadden, N; McGinness, E; McKinsey, DN; McLaughlin, J; McMichael, K; Meinhardt, P; Menéndez, J; Meng, Y; Messina, M; Midha, R; Milisavljevic, D; Miller, EH; Milosevic, B; Milutinovic, S; Mitra, SA; Miuchi, K; Mizrachi, E; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Monte, A; Monteiro, CMB; Monzani, ME; Moore, JS; Morå, K; Morad, JA; Mendoza, JDM; Moriyama, S; Morrison, E; Morteau, E; Mosbacher, Y; Mount, BJ; Mueller, J; Murphy, AS; Murra, M; Naim, D; Nakamura, S; Nash, E; Navaieelavasani, N; Naylor, A; Nedlik, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; Newstead, JL; Ni, K; Nikoleyczik, JA; Niro, ; Oberlack, UG; Obradovic, M; Odgers, K; Oikonomou, P; Olcina, ; Oliver-Mallory, K; Oranday, A; Orpwood, J; Ostrovskiy, ; Ozaki, K; Paetsch, B; Pal, S; Palacio, J; Palladino, KJ; Palmer, J; Panci, P; Pandurovic, M; Parlati, A; Parveen, N; Patton, SJ; Pec, ; Pellegrini, Q; Penning, B; Pereira, G; Peres, R; Perez-Gonzalez, Y; Perry, E; Pershing, T; Petrossian-Byrne, R; Pienaar, J; Piepke, A; Pieramico, G; Pierre, M; Piotter, M; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Pollmann, T; Porzio, D; Qi, J; Qie, Y; Qin, J; Quevedo, F; Raj, N; Silva, MR; Ramanathan, K; García, DR; Ravanis, J; Redard-Jacot, L; Redigolo, D; Reichard, S; Reichenbacher, J; Rhyne, CA; Richards, A; Riffard, Q; Rischbieter, GRC; Rocchetti, A; Rosenfeld, SL; Rosero, R; Rupp, N; Rushton, T; Saha, S; Salucci, P; Sanchez, L; Sanchez-Lucas, P; Santone, D; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, ; Sartorelli, G; Sazzad, ABMR; Scheibelhut, M; Schnee, RW; Schrank, M; Schreiner, J; Schulte, P; Schulte, D; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Schwemberger, T; Schwenk, A; Schwetz, T; Lavina, LS; Scovell, PR; Sekiya, H; Selvi, M; Semenov, E; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shaw, S; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Shutt, TA; Si-Ahmed, R; Silk, JJ; Silva, C; Silva, MC; Simgen, H; Simkovic, F; Sinev, G; Singh, R; Skulski, W; Smirnov, J; Smith, R; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Soria, J; Sparmann, TJ; Stancu, ; Steidl, M; Stevens, A; Stifter, K; Strigari, LE; Subotic, D; Suerfu, B; Suliga, AM; Sumner, TJ; Szabo, P; Szydagis, M; Takeda, A; Takeuchi, Y; Tan, PL; Taricco, C; Taylor, WC; Temples, DJ; Terliuk, A; Terman, PA; Thers, D; Thieme, K; Thümmler, T; Tiedt, DR; Timalsina, M; To, WH; Toennies, F; Tong, Z; Toschi, F; Tovey, DR; Tranter, J; Trask, M; Trinchero, GC; Tripathi, M; Tronstad, DR; Trotta, R; Tsai, YD; Tunnell, CD; Turner, WG; Ueno, R; Urquijo, P; Utku, U; Vaitkus, A; Valerius, K; Vassilev, E; Vecchi, S; Velan, V; Vetter, S; Vincent, AC; Vittorio, L; Volta, G; von Krosigk, B; von Piechowski, M; Vorkapic, D; Wagner, CEM; Wang, AM; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Wang, W; Wang, JJ; Wang, LT; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Watson, JR; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weisman, E; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; West, SM; Whitis, TJ; Williams, M; Wilson, MJ; Winkler, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, J; Wolf, T; Wolfs, FLH; Woodford, S; Woodward, D; Wright, CJ; Wu, VHS; Wu, P; Wüstling, S; Wurm, M; Xia, Q; Xiang, X; Xing, Y; Xu, J; Xu, Z; Xu, D; Yamashita, M; Yamazaki, R; Yan, H; Yang, L; Yang, Y; Ye, J; Yeh, M; Young, ; Yu, HB; Yu, TT; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zerbo, S; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M; Zhou, N; Zhou, X; Zhu, T; Zhu, Y; Zhuang, Y; Zopounidis, JP; Zuber, K; Zupan, J

    JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS   50 巻 ( 1 )   2023年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics  

    The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.

    DOI： 10.1088/1361-6471/ac841a

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  25. An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, ; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, ; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   82 巻 ( 11 )   2022年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter – nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 t-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 t-year exposure.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10913-w

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  26. Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Bui, TK; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, ; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Ferrari, C; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Gardner, R; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guida, M; Hammann, R; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Kuger, F; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, ; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Paschos, P; Peres, R; Peters, C; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, ; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Stephen, J; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, D; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   129 巻 ( 16 ) 頁： 161805   2022年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 ton liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to (15.8±1.3) events/(ton×year×keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and ∼5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 ton-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.161805

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  27. Search for neutrinoless quadruple beta decay of 136Xe in XMASS-I 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kato N., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Sato K., Sekiya H., Suzuki T., Takeda A., Tasaka S., Yamashita M., Yang B.S., Kim N.Y., Kim Y.D., Kim Y.H., Ishii R., Itow Y., Kanzawa K., Masuda K., Martens K., Mason A., Suzuki Y., Miuchi K., Takeuchi Y., Lee K.B., Lee M.K., Fukuda Y., Ogawa H., Nishijima K., Fushimi K., Xu B.D., Nakamura S.

    Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics   833 巻   頁： 137355 - 137355   2022年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics  

    A search for the neutrinoless quadruple beta decay of <sup>136</sup>Xe was conducted with the liquid-xenon detector XMASS-I using 327 kg ×800.0 days of the exposure. The pulse shape discrimination based on the scintillation decay time constant which distinguishes γ-rays including the signal and β-rays was used to enhance the search sensitivity. No significant signal excess was observed from the energy spectrum fitting with precise background evaluation, and we set a lower limit of the half life of 3.7 × 10<sup>24</sup> years at 90% confidence level. This is the first experimental constraint of the neutrinoless quadruple beta decay of <sup>136</sup>Xe.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137355

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  28. Double-weak decays of <SUP>124</SUP>Xe and <SUP>136</SUP>Xe in the XENON1T and XENONnT experiments 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Andrieu, B; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Cai, C; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Eitel, K; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Guida, M; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kara, M; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, ; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Loizeau, J; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, ; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schulte, P; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zerbo, S; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PHYSICAL REVIEW C   106 巻 ( 2 )   2022年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review C  

    We present results on the search for two-neutrino double-electron capture (2νECEC) of Xe124 and neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of Xe136 in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K shell up to the N shell in the 2νECEC signal model and measure a total half-life of T1/22νECEC=(1.1±0.2stat±0.1sys)×1022yr with a 0.87kgyr isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is 7.0σ. We use XENON1T data with 36.16kgyr of Xe136 exposure to search for 0νββ. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of T1/20νββ>1.2×1024yrat90%CL. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to 0νββ. Assuming a 275kgyr Xe136 exposure, the expected sensitivity is T1/20νββ>2.1×1025yrat90%CL, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of (mββ)<(0.19-0.59)eV/c2.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevC.106.024328

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  29. Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Westermann, J; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP; Laubenstein, M; Nisi, S

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   82 巻 ( 7 ) 頁： 599   2022年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and <sup>222</sup>Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background (∼ 17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 (-0.7+0.5) μ Bq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10345-6

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  30. Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Bernard, A; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, V; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Fischer, H; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, I; Li, S; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sarnoff, I; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shi, S; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, E; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   106 巻 ( 2 )   2022年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates <30 events/(electron×kg×day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark photons.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.106.022001

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  31. Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Abe, K; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Martin, DA; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Baxter, AL; Bellagamba, L; Bernard, A; Biondi, R; Bismark, A; Brown, A; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca-García, JJ; Cussonneau, JP; D'Andrea, ; Decowski, MP; Di Gangi, P; Di Pede, S; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Farrell, S; Ferella, AD; Fischer, H; Form, S; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Glade-Beucke, R; Grandi, L; Grigat, J; Higuera, A; Hils, C; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Huhmann, C; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Jakob, J; Joerg, F; Joy, A; Kato, N; Kavrigin, P; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Li, S; Li, ; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Liu, K; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Masson, E; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Moriyama, S; Morå, K; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Müller, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Paetsch, B; Palacio, J; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; Sanchez, L; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Tan, PL; Terliuk, A; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Tönnies, F; Valerius, K; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Yang, L; Ye, J; Yuan, L; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M; Zhu, T

    PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS   2022 巻 ( 5 )   2022年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360 ± 60) ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fitted to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove 37Ar after its injection for a low-energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of 37Ar as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large-scale detectors.

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptac074

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  32. Search for exotic neutrino interactions by XMASS-I detector 国際共著 国際誌

    Ogawa H., Abe K., Chen Y., Hiraide K., Imaizumi S., Kato N., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Sato K., Sekiya H., Suzuki T., Suzuki Y., Takeda A., Tasaka S., Yang B.S., Kim N.Y., Kim Y.D., Kim Y.H., Itow Y., Martens K., Mason A., Yamashita M., Miuchi K., Takeuchi Y., Lee K.B., Lee M.K., Fukuda Y., Ogawa H., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Nishijima K., Fushimi K., Xu B.D., Kobayashi K., Nakamura S.

    Proceedings of Science   395 巻   2022年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of Science  

    XMASS is a multi-purpose experiment using liquid xenon (LXe) and is located at the Kamioka Observatory in Japan. The detector consists is single-phase and has a 832 kg active volume, a low energy threshold, low background and large target mass. With XMASS, it is possible to also explore low energy neutrino physics to search for beyond teh standard model (SM) physics. Here we present a search for exotic neutrino-electron interactions that could be produced by a neutrino millicharge, a neutrino magnetic moment, or dark photons, using solar neutrinos. We analyzed data taken between November 2013 and March 2016, giving us a 711days dataset. No significant signal was observed above the predicted background in the detector. We thus obtained an upper limit for neutrino millicharge of 5.4 × 10<sup>−11</sup>e for all flavors of neutrino. We also constrainted individual flavors to be smaller than 7.3 × 10<sup>−12</sup>e for ν<inf>e</inf>, 1.1 × 10<sup>−11</sup>e for ν<inf>μ</inf>, and 1.1 × 10<sup>−11</sup>e for ν<inf>τ</inf>. These limits for ν<inf>μ</inf> and ν<inf>τ</inf> are currently the best direct experimental limits. We also obtain an upper limit for the neutrino magnetic moment of 1.8×10<sup>−10</sup>μB. In addition, we obtain upper limits for the coupling constant of dark photons in the U(1)<inf>B−L</inf> model of 1.3×10<sup>−6</sup> if the dark photon mass is 1×10<sup>−3</sup> MeV/c<sup>2</sup>, and 8.8×10<sup>−5</sup> if it is 10 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>. In particular, we almost exclude the possibility to understand the muon g − 2 anomaly as originating from dark photons.

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  33. Development of a cavity with photonic crystal structure for axion searches 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Kishimoto Y., Suzuki Y., Ogawa I., Mori Y., Yamashita M.

    Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics   2021 巻 ( 6 )   2021年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    Two cavities of different sizes with a photonic crystal structure have been developed for axion searches. In the cavities, the dispersion relation in the photonic crystal is utilized, and so they are called "DRiPC cavities". The size of the smaller cavity is $100 \times 100 \times 10$ mm, where 16 cylindrical metal poles with a diameter of 4 mm are introduced in a $4\times4$ grid at 20 mm intervals. In this study, the grid interval in the $x$ direction in the smaller cavity, $Lx$, was changed to investigate the resonance frequency, $Q$-value, and the electric field profile at each $Lx$. The lowest three frequencies have been compared with those simulated by the finite element method and have been found to be in excellent agreement. The lowest-frequency mode could be tuned from 5.10 GHz ($Lx = 25.0$ mm) to 6.72 GHz (13.9 mm), centered on 5.87 GHz at $Lx = 20$ mm. This wide tunability range, 27.7$\%$, was suitable for a search with a modest $Q$-value. By examining the electric field distributions with the bead-pull method, the lowest-frequency modes at $Lx=16.0$-25.0 mm were ${\rm TM{010}}$-like. This mode was also obtained in a larger cavity ($180 \times 180 \times 20\,\text{mm} \times 2$) with the same photonic crystal structure. These results led us to conclude that a DRiPC cavity has features suitable for future axion search experiments.

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptab051

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  34. Search for event bursts in XMASS-I associated with gravitational-wave events 国際共著 国際誌

    Abe, K; Hiraide, K; Ichimura, K; Kishimoto, Y; Kobayashi, K; Kobayashi, M; Moriyama, S; Nakahata, M; Ogawa, H; Sato, K; Sekiya, H; Suzuki, T; Takeda, A; Tasaka, S; Yamashita, M; Yang, BS; Kim, NY; Kim, YD; Itow, Y; Kanzawa, K; Masuda, K; Martens, K; Suzuki, Y; Xu, BD; Miuchi, K; Oka, N; Takeuchi, Y; Kim, YH; Lee, KB; Lee, MK; Fukuda, Y; Miyasaka, M; Nishijima, K; Fushimi, K; Kanzaki, G; Nakamura, S

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   129 巻   2021年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Astroparticle Physics  

    We performed a search for event bursts in the XMASS-I detector associated with 11 gravitational-wave events detected during LIGO/Virgo's O1 and O2 periods. Simple and loose cuts were applied to the data collected in the full 832 kg xenon volume around the detection time of each gravitational-wave event. The data were divided into four energy regions ranging from keV to MeV. Without assuming any particular burst models, we looked for event bursts in sliding windows with various time width from 0.02 to 10 s. The search was conducted in a time window between −400 and +10,000 s from each gravitational-wave event. For the binary neutron star merger GW170817, no significant event burst was observed in the XMASS-I detector and we set 90% confidence level upper limits on neutrino fluence for the sum of all the neutrino flavors via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The obtained upper limit was (1.3–2.1)×10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> under the assumption of a Fermi-Dirac spectrum with average neutrino energy of 20 MeV. The neutrino fluence limits for mono-energetic neutrinos in the energy range between 14 and 100 MeV were also calculated. Among the other 10 gravitational wave events detected as the binary black hole mergers, a burst candidate with a 3.0σ significance was found at 1801.95–1803.95 s in the analysis for GW151012. However, no significant deviation from the background in the reconstructed energy and position distributions was found. Considering the additional look-elsewhere effect of analyzing the 11 GW events, the significance of finding such a burst candidate associated with any of them is 2.1σ.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102568

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  35. <SUP>222</SUP>Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Agostini, F; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Amaro, FD; Antochi, VC; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Arneodo, F; Barge, D; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Bellagamba, L; Benabderrahmane, ML; Berger, T; Breur, PA; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cussonneau, JP; Decowski, MP; Depoian, A; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Eurin, G; Ferella, AD; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Grandi, L; Garbini, M; Hasterok, C; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Hogenbirk, E; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Lin, Q; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Lopes, JAM; Fune, EL; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Odgers, K; Palacio, J; Pelssers, B; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qin, J; Qiu, H; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Sarcevic, N; Scheibelhut, M; Schindler, S; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Vargas, M; Volta, G; Wack, O; Wang, H; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Westermann, J; Wittweg, C; Wulf, J; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   81 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 337   2021年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the <sup>222</sup>Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentration of 10μBq/kg in 3.2t of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the <sup>222</sup>Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate problematic components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final <sup>222</sup>Rn activity concentration of (4.5±0.1)μBq/kg in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08777-z

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  36. Search for inelastic scattering of WIMP dark matter in XENON1T 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Agostini, F; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Amaro, FD; Andaloro, S; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Antochi, VC; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Bellagamba, L; Benabderrahmane, ML; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca, J; Cussonneau, JP; Decowski, MP; Depoian, A; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Grandi, L; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Liang, S; Lin, Q; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Odgers, K; Palacio, J; Pelssers, B; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pierre, M; Pizzella, V; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Scheibelhut, M; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Eiaing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Valerius, K; Vargas, M; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   103 巻 ( 6 )   2021年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    We report the results of a search for the inelastic scattering of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Scattering off Xe129 is the most sensitive probe of inelastic WIMP interactions, with a signature of a 39.6 keV deexcitation photon detected simultaneously with the nuclear recoil. Using an exposure of 0.83 tonne-years, we find no evidence of inelastic WIMP scattering with a significance of more than 2σ. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis is used to set upper limits on the cross section of WIMP-nucleus interactions. We exclude new parameter space for WIMPs heavier than 100 GeV/c2, with the strongest upper limit of 3.3×10-39 cm2 for 130 GeV/c2 WIMPs at 90% confidence level.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.103.063028

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  37. Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar <SUP>8</SUP>B Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Agostini, F; Maouloud, SA; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Amaro, FD; Andaloro, S; Antochi, VC; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Bellagamba, L; Benabderrahmane, ML; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cuenca, J; Cussonneau, JP; Decowski, MP; Depoian, A; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Ferella, AD; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Grandi, L; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Liang, S; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Ma, Y; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Odgers, K; Palacio, J; Pelssers, B; Peres, R; Pierre, M; Pienaar, J; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qi, J; Qin, J; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Eissing, HS; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Valerius, K; Vargas, M; Volta, G; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wolf, T; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   126 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 091301   2021年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We report on a search for nuclear recoil signals from solar B8 neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei in XENON1T data, lowering the energy threshold from 2.6 to 1.6 keV. We develop a variety of novel techniques to limit the resulting increase in backgrounds near the threshold. No significant B8 neutrinolike excess is found in an exposure of 0.6 t×y. For the first time, we use the nondetection of solar neutrinos to constrain the light yield from 1-2 keV nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as well as nonstandard neutrino-quark interactions. Finally, we improve upon world-leading constraints on dark matter-nucleus interactions for dark matter masses between 3 and 11 GeV c-2 by as much as an order of magnitude.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.091301

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  38. Characterization of new silicon photomultipliers with low dark noise at low temperature 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Ozaki K., Kazama S., Yamashita M., Itow Y., Moriyama S.

    Journal of Instrumentation   16 巻 ( 3 )   2021年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Instrumentation  

    Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have low radioactivity, compact geometry, low operation voltage, and reasonable photo-detection efficiency for vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV). Therefore it has the potential to replace photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for future dark matter experiments with liquid xenon (LXe). However, SiPMs have nearly two orders of magnitude higher dark count rate (DCR) compared to that of PMTs at the LXe temperature (∼165 K). This type of high DCR mainly originates from the carriers that are generated by the band-to-band tunneling effect. To suppress the tunneling effect, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. have developed a new SiPM with lowered electric field strength. We have characterized its performance in a temperature range of 153 K to 298 K. We demonstrated that the newly developed SiPMs have 6-60 times lower DCR at low temperatures than that of the conventional SiPMs.

    DOI： 10.1088/1748-0221/16/03/P03014

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  39. Development of a dual-phase xenon TPC with a quartz chamber for direct dark matter searches 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Sato K., Yamashita M., Ichimura K., Itow Y., Kazama S., Moriyama S., Ozaki K., Suzuki T., Yamazaki R.

    Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics   2020 巻 ( 11 )   2020年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    The idea of a hermetic quartz chamber in a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) has the potential to improve the detector sensitivity for direct dark matter searches in the future. A major challenge facing TPC detectors in future dark matter experiments will be the reduction of the internal background such as 222Rn and the deterioration of the ionization signal due to electronegative impurities. The hermetic quartz chamber can isolate the TPC's sensitive volume from external interference and is thus expected to prevent contamination caused by radioactive and electronegative impurities, which originate from the outer detector materials.At the Kamioka Observatory in Japan, we have developed a TPC with a quartz chamber that contains a-48×58 mmvolume of liquid xenon.At this development stage, we have not aimed for perfect hermeticity of the quartz chamber. Our aim here is twofold: First, to demonstrate via the use of a calibration source that the presence of quartz materials in the TPC does not impact its operation; and second, to perform quantitative measurements of the TPC's characteristics. We successfully measured electron drift velocities of 1.2-1.7 mm/μs in liquid xenon under electric fields ranging from 75-384 V/cm, and also observed small S2 signals produced by a single ionized electron with a light yield of 16.5 ± 0.5 PE. These results were consistent with the expected values; therefore, our demonstrations provide a proof of principle for TPCs incorporating a quartz chamber.

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptaa141

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    その他リンク： http://academic.oup.com/ptep/article-pdf/2020/11/113H02/34299924/ptaa141.pdf

  40. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the XENONnT dark matter experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Agostini, F; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Amaro, FD; Antochi, VC; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Arneodo, F; Barge, D; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Bellagamba, L; Benabderrahmane, ML; Berger, T; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cussonneau, JP; Decowski, MP; Depoian, A; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Eurin, G; Ferella, AD; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Grandi, L; Hasterok, C; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Lin, Q; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Fune, EL; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Odgers, K; Palacio, J; Pelssers, B; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qin, J; Qiu, H; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Sarcevic, N; Scheibelhut, M; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Valerius, K; Vargas, M; Volta, G; Wang, H; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP

    JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   2020 巻 ( 11 )   2020年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics  

    XENONnT is a dark matter direct detection experiment, utilizing 5.9 t of instrumented liquid xenon, located at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. In this work, we predict the experimental background and project the sensitivity of XENONnT to the detection of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The expected average differential background rate in the energy region of interest, corresponding to (1, 13) keV and (4, 50) keV for electronic and nuclear recoils, amounts to 12.3 ± 0.6 (keV t y)-1 and (2.2± 0.5)× 10-3 (keV t y)-1, respectively, in a 4 t fiducial mass. We compute unified confidence intervals using the profile construction method, in order to ensure proper coverage. With the exposure goal of 20 t y, the expected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interactions reaches a cross-section of 1.4×10-48 cm2 for a 50 GeV/c2 mass WIMP at 90% confidence level, more than one order of magnitude beyond the current best limit, set by XENON1T . In addition, we show that for a 50 GeV/c2 WIMP with cross-sections above 2.6×10-48 cm2 (5.0×10-48 cm2) the median XENONnT discovery significance exceeds 3σ (5σ). The expected sensitivity to the spin-dependent WIMP coupling to neutrons (protons) reaches 2.2×10-43 cm2 (6.0×10-42 cm2).

    DOI： 10.1088/1475-7516/2020/11/031

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  41. Excess electronic recoil events in XENON1T 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Agostini, F; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Amaro, FD; Antochi, VC; Angelino, E; Angevaare, JR; Arneodo, F; Barge, D; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Bellagamba, L; Benabderrahmane, ML; Berger, T; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cussonneau, JP; Decowski, MP; Depoian, A; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Eurin, G; Ferella, AD; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Grandi, L; Hasterok, C; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Lin, Q; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Long, J; Lopes, JAM; Fune, EL; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Mancuso, A; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Mizukoshi, K; Molinario, A; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Odgers, K; Palacio, J; Pelssers, B; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qin, J; Qiu, H; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Sarcevic, N; Scheibelhut, M; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Vargas, M; Volta, G; Wang, H; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Weiss, M; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP; Mougeot, X

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   102 巻 ( 7 )   2020年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D  

    We report results from searches for new physics with low-energy electronic recoil data recorded with the XENON1T detector. With an exposure of 0.65 tonne-years and an unprecedentedly low background rate of 76±2stat events/(tonne×year×keV) between 1 and 30 keV, the data enable one of the most sensitive searches for solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment using solar neutrinos, and bosonic dark matter. An excess over known backgrounds is observed at low energies and most prominent between 2 and 3 keV. The solar axion model has a 3.4σ significance, and a three-dimensional 90% confidence surface is reported for axion couplings to electrons, photons, and nucleons. This surface is inscribed in the cuboid defined by gae<3.8×10-12, gaeganeff<4.8×10-18, and gaegaγ<7.7×10-22 GeV-1, and excludes either gae=0 or gaegaγ=gaeganeff=0. The neutrino magnetic moment signal is similarly favored over background at 3.2σ, and a confidence interval of μν∈(1.4,2.9)×10-11 μB (90% C.L.) is reported. Both results are in strong tension with stellar constraints. The excess can also be explained by β decays of tritium at 3.2σ significance with a corresponding tritium concentration in xenon of (6.2±2.0)×10-25 mol/mol. Such a trace amount can neither be confirmed nor excluded with current knowledge of its production and reduction mechanisms. The significances of the solar axion and neutrino magnetic moment hypotheses are decreased to 2.0σ and 0.9σ, respectively, if an unconstrained tritium component is included in the fitting. With respect to bosonic dark matter, the excess favors a monoenergetic peak at (2.3±0.2) keV (68% C.L.) with a 3.0σ global (4.0σ local) significance over background. This analysis sets the most restrictive direct constraints to date on pseudoscalar and vector bosonic dark matter for most masses between 1 and 210 keV/c2. We also consider the possibility that Ar37 may be present in the detector, yielding a 2.82 keV peak from electron capture. Contrary to tritium, the Ar37 concentration can be tightly constrained and is found to be negligible.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.072004

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  42. Search for exotic neutrino-electron interactions using solar neutrinos in XMASS-I 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe, K; Chen, Y; Hiraide, K; Ichimura, K; Imaizumi, S; Kato, N; Kobayashi, K; Kobayashi, M; Moriyama, S; Nakahata, M; Sato, K; Sekiya, H; Suzuki, T; Takeda, A; Tasaka, S; Yamashita, M; Yang, BS; Kim, NY; Kim, YD; Kim, YH; Ishii, R; Itow, Y; Kanzawa, K; Martens, K; Mason, A; Suzuki, Y; Miuchi, K; Takeuchi, Y; Lee, KB; Lee, MK; Fukuda, Y; Ogawa, H; Kishimoto, Y; Nishijima, K; Fushimi, K; Xu, BD; Nakamura, S

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   809 巻   2020年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics  

    We have searched for exotic neutrino-electron interactions that could be produced by a neutrino millicharge, by a neutrino magnetic moment, or by dark photons using solar neutrinos in the XMASS-I liquid xenon detector. We observed no significant signals in 711 days of data. We obtain an upper limit for neutrino millicharge of 5.4×10<sup>−12</sup>e at 90% confidence level assuming all three species of neutrino have common millicharge. We also set flavor-dependent limits assuming the respective neutrino flavor is the only one carrying a millicharge, 7.3×10<sup>−12</sup>e for ν<inf>e</inf>, 1.1×10<sup>−11</sup>e for ν<inf>μ</inf>, and 1.1×10<sup>−11</sup>e for ν<inf>τ</inf>. These limits are the most stringent yet obtained from direct measurements. We also obtain an upper limit for the neutrino magnetic moment of 1.8×10<sup>−10</sup> Bohr magnetons. In addition, we obtain upper limits for the coupling constant of dark photons in the U(1)<inf>B−L</inf> model of 1.3×10<sup>−6</sup> if the dark photon mass is 1×10<sup>−3</sup> MeV/c<sup>2</sup>, and 8.8×10<sup>−5</sup> if it is 10 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135741

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  43. Development of low-background photomultiplier tubes for liquid xenon detectors 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe, K; Chen, Y; Hiraide, K; Ichimura, K; Imaizumi, S; Kato, N; Kishimoto, Y; Kobayashi, K; Kobayashi, M; Moriyama, S; Nakahata, M; Sato, K; Sekiya, H; Suzuki, T; Takeda, A; Tasaka, S; Yamashita, M; Yang, BS; Kim, NY; Kim, YD; Kim, YH; Ishii, R; Itow, Y; Kanzawa, K; Masuda, K; Martens, K; Mason, A; Suzuki, Y; Miuchi, K; Takeuchi, Y; Lee, KB; Lee, MK; Fukuda, Y; Ogawa, H; Nishijima, K; Fushimi, K; Xu, BD; Nakamura, S

    JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION   15 巻 ( 9 )   2020年9月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Instrumentation  

    We successfully developed a new photomultiplier tube (PMT) with a three-inch diameter, convex-shaped photocathode, R13111. Its prominent features include good performance and ultra-low radioactivity. The convex-shaped photocathode realized a large photon acceptance and good timing resolution. Low radioactivity was achieved by three factors: (1) the glass material was synthesized using low-radioactive-contamination material; (2) the photocathode was produced with <sup>39</sup>K-enriched potassium; and (3) the purest grade of aluminum material was used for the vacuum seal. As a result each R13111 PMT contains only about 0.4 mBq of <sup>226</sup>Ra, less than 2 mBq of <sup>238</sup>U, 0.3 mBq of <sup>228</sup>Ra, 2 mBq of <sup>40</sup>K and 0.2 mBq of <sup>60</sup>Co. We also examined and resolved the intrinsic leakage of Xe gas into PMTs that was observed in several older models. We thus succeeded in developing a PMT that has low background, large angular acceptance with high collection efficiency, good timing resolution, and long-term stable operation. These features are highly desirable for experiments searching for rare events beyond the standard model, such as dark matter particle interactions and neutrinoless double beta decay events.

    DOI： 10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/P09027

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  44. Energy resolution and linearity of XENON1T in the MeV energy range 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Aalbers, J; Agostini, F; Alfonsi, M; Althueser, L; Amaro, FD; Antochi, VC; Angelino, E; Angevaare, J; Arneodo, F; Barge, D; Baudis, L; Bauermeister, B; Bellagamba, L; Benabderrahmane, ML; Berger, T; Breur, PA; Brown, A; Brown, E; Bruenner, S; Bruno, G; Budnik, R; Capelli, C; Cardoso, JMR; Cichon, D; Cimmino, B; Clark, M; Coderre, D; Colijn, AP; Conrad, J; Cussonneau, JP; Decowski, MP; Depoian, A; Di Gangi, P; Di Giovanni, A; Di Stefano, R; Diglio, S; Elykov, A; Eurin, G; Ferella, AD; Fulgione, W; Gaemers, P; Gaior, R; Rosso, AG; Galloway, M; Gao, F; Garbini, M; Grandi, L; Hasterok, C; Hils, C; Hiraide, K; Hoetzsch, L; Hogenbirk, E; Howlett, J; Iacovacci, M; Itow, Y; Joerg, F; Kato, N; Kazama, S; Kobayashi, M; Koltman, G; Kopec, A; Landsman, H; Lang, RF; Levinson, L; Lin, Q; Lindemann, S; Lindner, M; Lombardi, F; Lopes, JAM; Fune, EL; Macolino, C; Mahlstedt, J; Manenti, L; Manfredini, A; Marignetti, F; Undagoitia, TM; Martens, K; Masbou, J; Masson, D; Mastroianni, S; Messina, M; Miuchi, K; Molinario, A; Morå, K; Moriyama, S; Mosbacher, Y; Murra, M; Naganoma, J; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Odgers, K; Palacio, J; Pelssers, B; Peres, R; Pienaar, J; Pizzella, ; Plante, G; Qin, J; Qiu, H; García, DR; Reichard, S; Rocchetti, A; Rupp, N; dos Santos, JMF; Sartorelli, G; Sarcevic, N; Scheibelhut, M; Schindler, S; Schreiner, J; Schulte, D; Schumann, M; Lavina, LS; Selvi, M; Semeria, F; Shagin, P; Shockley, E; Silva, M; Simgen, H; Takeda, A; Therreau, C; Thers, D; Toschi, F; Trinchero, G; Tunnell, C; Vargas, M; Volta, G; Wack, O; Wang, H; Wei, Y; Weinheimer, C; Xu, MW; Wenz, D; Wittweg, C; Wulf, J; Xu, Z; Yamashita, M; Ye, J; Zavattini, G; Zhang, Y; Zhu, T; Zopounidis, JP

    EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C   80 巻 ( 8 )   2020年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：European Physical Journal C  

    Xenon dual-phase time projection chambers designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles have so far shown a relative energy resolution which degrades with energy above ∼ 200 keV due to the saturation effects. This has limited their sensitivity in the search for rare events like the neutrinoless double-beta decay of <sup>136</sup>Xe at its Q value, Qββ≃2.46MeV. For the XENON1T dual-phase time projection chamber, we demonstrate that the relative energy resolution at 1σ/μ is as low as (0.80 ± 0.02) % in its one-ton fiducial mass, and for single-site interactions at Q<inf>β</inf><inf>β</inf>. We also present a new signal correction method to rectify the saturation effects of the signal readout system, resulting in more accurate position reconstruction and indirectly improving the energy resolution. The very good result achieved in XENON1T opens up new windows for the xenon dual-phase dark matter detectors to simultaneously search for other rare events.

    DOI： 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8284-0

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  45. Annual modulation search by XMASS-I with 2.7 years of data 国際共著 国際誌

    Yamashita M.

    Journal of Physics: Conference Series   1342 巻 ( 1 )   2020年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Physics: Conference Series  

    DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/1342/1/012083

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  46. Search for sub-GeV dark matter by annual modulation using XMASS-I detector XMASS Collaboration 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Kobayashi, M; Abe, K; Hiraide, K; Ichimura, K; Kishimoto, Y; Kobayashi, K; Moriyama, S; Nakahata, M; Ogawa, H; Sato, K; Sekiya, H; Suzuki, T; Takeda, A; Tasaka, S; Yamashita, M; Yang, BS; Kim, NY; Kim, YD; Itow, Y; Kanzawa, K; Masuda, K; Martens, K; Suzuki, Y; Xu, BD; Miuchi, K; Oka, N; Takeuchi, Y; Kim, YH; Lee, KB; Lee, MK; Fukuda, Y; Miyasaka, M; Nishijima, K; Fushimi, K; Kanzaki, G; Nakamura, S

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   795 巻   頁： 308 - 313   2019年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics  

    A search for dark matter (DM) with mass in the sub-GeV region (0.32–1 GeV) was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal in XMASS, a single-phase liquid xenon detector. Inelastic nuclear scattering accompanied by bremsstrahlung emission was used to search down to an electron equivalent energy of 1 keV. The data used had a live time of 2.8 years (3.5 years in calendar time), resulting in a total exposure of 2.38 ton-years. No significant modulation signal was observed and 90% confidence level upper limits of 1.6×10<sup>−33</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> at 0.5 GeV was set for the DM-nucleon cross section. This is the first experimental result of a search for DM mediated by the bremsstrahlung effect. In addition, a search for DM with mass in the multi-GeV region (4–20 GeV) was conducted with a lower energy threshold than previous analysis of XMASS. Elastic nuclear scattering was used to search down to a nuclear recoil equivalent energy of 2.3 keV, and upper limits of 2.9 ×10<sup>−42</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> at 8 GeV was obtained.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2019.06.022

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  47. Search for WIMP-Xe-129 inelastic scattering with particle identification in XMASS-I 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Suzuki T, Abe K, Hiraide K, Ichimura K, Kishimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Ogawa H, Sato K, Sekiya H, Takeda A, Tasaka S, Yamashita M, Yang B. S, Kim N. Y, Kim Y. D, Itow Y, Kanzawa K, Masuda K, Martens K, Suzuki Y, Xu B. D, Miuchi K, Oka N, Takeuchi Y, Kim Y. H, Lee K. B, Lee M. K, Fukuda Y, Miyasaka M, Nishijima K, Fushimi K, Kanzaki G, Nakamura S

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   110 巻   頁： 1-7 - 7   2019年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Astroparticle Physics  

    A search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) was conducted with the single-phase liquid-xenon detector XMASS through inelastic scattering in which <sup>129</sup> Xe nuclei were excited, using an exposure (327 kg × 800.0 days) 48 times larger than that of our previous study. The inelastic excitation sensitivity was improved by detailed evaluation of background, event classification based on scintillation timing that distinguished γ-rays and β-rays, and simultaneous fitting of the energy spectra of γ-like and β-like samples. No evidence of a WIMP signal was found. Thus, we set the upper limits of the inelastic channel cross section at 90% confidence level, for example, 4.1×10 <sup>−39</sup> cm <sup>2</sup> for a 200 GeV/c <sup>2</sup> WIMP. This result provides the most stringent limits on the SD WIMP-neutron interaction and is better by a factor of 7.7 at 200 GeV/c <sup>2</sup> than the existing experimental limit.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2019.02.007

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  48. Development of low radioactivity photomultiplier tubes for the XMASS-I detector 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe K, Hiraide K, Ichimura K, Kishimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Kobayash M, Moriyama S, Nakahatan M, Norit T, Ogawa H, Sato K, Sekiya H, Takachio O, Takeda A, Tasak S, Yamashita M, Yang B. S, Kim N. Y, Kim Y. D, Itow Y, Kanzawa K, Kegasa R, Masuda K, Takiya H, Fushimi K, Kanzaki G, Martens K, Suzuki Y, Xu B. D, Fujita R, Hosokawa K, Miuchi K, Oka N, Takeuchi Y, Kim Y. H, Lee K. B, Lee M. K, Fukuda Y, Miyasaka M, Nishijima K, Nakamura S

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   922 巻   頁： 171-176 - 176   2019年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    XMASS-I is a single-phase liquid xenon detector whose purpose is direct detection of dark matter. To achieve the low background requirements necessary in the detector, a new model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), R10789, with a hexagonal window was developed based on the R8778 PMT used in the XMASS prototype detector. We screened the numerous component materials for their radioactivity. During development, the largest contributions to the reduction of radioactivity came from the stem and the dynode support. The glass stem was exchanged to the Kovar alloy one and the ceramic support were changed to the quartz one. R10789 is the first model of Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. that adopted these materials for low background purposes and provided a groundbreaking step for further reductions of radioactivity in PMTs. Measurements with germanium detectors showed 1.2 ± 0.3 mBq/PMT of <sup>226</sup> Ra, less than 0.78 mBq/PMT of <sup>228</sup> Ra, 9.1 ± 2.2 mBq/PMT of <sup>40</sup> K, and 2.8 ± 0.2 mBq/PMT of <sup>60</sup> Co. In this paper, the radioactive details of the developed R10789 are described together with our screening methods and the components of the PMT.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2018.12.083

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  49. A direct dark matter search in XMASS-I 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe K, Hiraide K, Ichimura K, Kishimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Norita T, Ogawa H, Sato K, Sekiya H, Takachio O, Takeda A, Tasaka S, Yamashita M, Yang B. S, Kim N. Y, Kim Y. D, Itow Y, Kanzawa K, Kegasa R, Masuda K, Takiya H, Fushimi K, Kanzaki G, Martens K, Suzuki Y, Xu B. D, Fujita R, Hosokawa K, Miuchi K, Oka N, Takeuchi Y, Kim Y. H, Lee K. B, Lee M. K, Fukuda Y, Miyasaka M, Nishijima K, Nakamura S

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   789 巻   頁： 45-53 - 53   2019年2月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics  

    A search for dark matter using an underground single-phase liquid xenon detector was conducted at the Kamioka Observatory in Japan, particularly for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). We have used 705.9 live days of data in a fiducial volume containing 97kg of liquid xenon at the center of the detector. The event rate in the fiducial volume after the data reduction was (4.2±0.2)×10<sup>−3</sup>day<sup>−1</sup>kg<sup>−1</sup>keV<inf>ee</inf> <sup>−1</sup> at 5keV<inf>ee</inf>, with a signal efficiency of 20%. All the remaining events are consistent with our background evaluation, mostly of the “mis-reconstructed events” originated from <sup>210</sup>Pb in the copper plates lining the detector's inner surface. The obtained upper limit on a spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section was 2.2×10<sup>−44</sup>cm<sup>2</sup> for a WIMP mass of 60GeV/c<sup>2</sup> at the 90% confidence level, which was the most stringent limit among results from single-phase liquid xenon detectors.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.070

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  50. Search for dark matter in the form of hidden photons and axion-like particles in the XMASS detector 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    K. Abe, K. Abe, K. Hiraide, K. Hiraide, K. Ichimura, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, M. Nakahata, H. Ogawa, H. Ogawa, H. Ogawa, K. Sato, H. Sekiya, H. Sekiya, T. Suzuki, O. Takachio, A. Takeda, A. Takeda, S. Tasaka, M. Yamashita, M. Yamashita, B. S. Yang, B. S. Yang, B. S. Yang, N. Y. Kim, Y. D. Kim, Y. Itow, Y. Itow, K. Kanzawa, K. Masuda, K. Martens, Y. Suzuki, B. D. Xu, K. Miuchi, N. Oka, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Takeuchi, Y. H. Kim, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, Y. Fukuda, M. Miyasaka, K. Nishijima, K. Fushimi, G. Kanzaki, S. Nakamura

    Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics   787 巻   頁： 153 - 158   2018年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters Section B Nuclear Elementary Particle and High Energy Physics  

    Hidden photons and axion-like particles are candidates for cold dark matter if they were produced non-thermally in the early universe. We conducted a search for both of these bosons using 800 live-days of data from the XMASS detector with 327 kg of liquid xenon in the fiducial volume. No significant signal was observed, and thus we set constraints on the α<sup>′</sup>/α parameter related to kinetic mixing of hidden photons and the coupling constant g<inf>Ae</inf> of axion-like particles in the mass range from 40 to 120 keV/c<sup>2</sup>, resulting in α<sup>′</sup>/α<6×10<sup>−26</sup> and g<inf>Ae</inf><4×10<sup>−13</sup>. These limits are the most stringent over this mass range derived from both direct and indirect searches to date.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2018.10.050

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  51. A measurement of the scintillation decay time constant of nuclear recoils in liquid xenon with the XMASS-I detector 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe K, Hiraide K, Ichimura K, Kishimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Ogawa H, Sato K, Sekiya H, Suzuki T, Takachio O, Takeda A, Tasaka S, Yamashita M, Yang B. S, Kim N. Y, Kim Y. D, Itow Y, Kanzawa K, Masuda K, Martens K, Suzuki Y, Xu B. D, Miuchi K, Oka N, Takeuchi Y, Kim Y. H, Lee K. B, Lee M. K, Fukuda Y, Miyasaka M, Nishijima K, Fushimi K, Kanzaki G, Nakamura S

    JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION   13 巻 ( 12 )   2018年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Instrumentation  

    We report an in-situ measurement of the nuclear recoil (NR) scintillation decay time constant in liquid xenon (LXe) using the XMASS-I detector at the Kamioka underground laboratory in Japan. XMASS-I is a large single-phase LXe scintillation detector whose purpose is the direct detection of dark matter via NR which can be induced by collisions between Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and a xenon nucleus. The inner detector volume contains 832 kg of LXe. <sup>252</sup> Cf was used as an external neutron source for irradiating the detector. The scintillation decay time constant of the resulting neutron induced NR was evaluated by comparing the observed photon detection times with Monte Carlo simulations. Fits to the decay time prefer two decay time components, one for each of the Xe <inf>2</inf> <sup>∗</sup> singlet and triplet states, with τ <inf>S</inf> = 4.3 ± 0.6 ns taken from prior research, τ <inf>T</inf> was measured to be 26.9 <sup>+0.7</sup> <inf>-1.1</inf> ns with a singlet state fraction F <inf>S</inf> of 0.252 <sup>+0.027</sup> <inf>-0.019</inf> . We also evaluated the performance of pulse shape discrimination between NR and electron recoil (ER) with the aim of reducing the electromagnetic background in WIMP searches. For a 50% NR acceptance, the ER acceptance was 13.7±1.0% and 4.1±0.7% in the energy ranges of 5-10 keV <inf>ee</inf> and 10-15 keV <inf>ee</inf> , respectively.

    DOI： 10.1088/1748-0221/13/12/P12032

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  52. Direct dark matter search by annual modulation with 2.7 years of XMASS-I data 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    K.Abe, K.Hiraide, K.Ichimura, Y.Kishimoto, K.Kobayashi, M.Kobayashi, S.Moriyama, M.Nakahata, T.Norita, H.Ogawa, K.Sato, H.Sekiya, O.Takachio, A.Takeda, S.Tasaka, M.Yamashita, B.S.Yang, N.Y.Kim, Y.D.Kim, Y.Itow, K.Kanzawa, R.Kegasa, K.Masuda, H.Takiya, K.Fushimi, G.Kanzaki, K.Martens, Y.Suzuki, B.D.Xu, R.Fujita, K.Hosokawa, K.Miuchi, N.Oka, Y.Takeuchi, Y.H.Kim, K.B.Lee, M.K.Lee, Y.Fukuda, M.Miyasaka, K.Nishijima, S.Nakamura, MASS Collaboration

    Physical Review D   97 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 102006   2018年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Physical Society  

    An annual modulation signal due to the Earth orbiting around the Sun would be one of the strongest indications of the direct detection of dark matter. In 2016, we reported a search for dark matter by looking for this annual modulation with our single-phase liquid xenon XMASS-I detector. That analysis resulted in a slightly negative modulation amplitude at low energy. In this work, we included more than one year of additional data, which more than doubles the exposure to 800 live days with the same 832 kg target mass. When we assume weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter elastically scattering on the xenon target, the exclusion upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon cross section was improved by a factor of 2 to 1.9×10-41 cm2 at 8 GeV/c2 at 90% confidence level with our newly implemented data selection through a likelihood method. For the model-independent case, without assuming any specific dark matter model, we obtained more consistency with the null hypothesis than before with a p-value of 0.11 in the 1-20 keV energy region. This search probed this region with an exposure that was larger than that of DAMA/LIBRA. We also did not find any significant amplitude in the data for periodicity with periods between 50 and 600 days in the energy region between 1 to 6 keV.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.97.102006

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  53. Improved search for two-neutrino double electron capture on Xe-124 and Xe-126 using particle identification in XMASS-I

    Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Norita T., Ogawa H., Sato K., Sekiya H., Takachio O., Takeda A., Tasaka S., Yamashita M., Yang B. S., Kim N. Y., Kim Y. D., Itow Y., Kanzawa K., Kegasa R., Masuda K., Takiya H., Fushimi K., Kanzaki G., Martens K., Suzuki Y., Xu B. D., Fujita R., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Oka N., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y. H., Lee K. B., Lee M. K., Fukuda Y., Miyasaka M., Nishijima K., Nakamura S.

    PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS   2018 巻 ( 5 )   2018年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/pty053

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  54. Identification of 210Pb and 210Po in the bulk of copper samples with a low-background alpha particle counter 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Norita T., Ogawa H., Sato K., Sekiya H., Takachio O., Takeda A., Tasaka S., Yamashita M., Yang B.S., Kim N.Y., Kim Y.D., Itow Y., Kanzawa K., Kegasa R., Masuda K., Takiya H., Fushimi K., Kanzaki G., Martens K., Suzuki Y., Xu B.D., Fujita R., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Oka N., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y.H., Lee K.B., Lee M.K., Fukuda Y., Miyasaka M., Nishijima K., Nakamura S.

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment   884 巻   頁： 157 - 161   2018年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    We established a method to assay <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>210</sup>Po contaminations in the bulk of copper samples using a low-background alpha particle counter. The achieved sensitivity for the <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>210</sup>Po contaminations reaches a few mBq/kg. Due to this high sensitivity, the <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>210</sup>Po contaminations in oxygen free copper bulk were identified and measured for the first time. The <sup>210</sup>Pb contaminations of our oxygen free copper samples were 17–40 mBq/kg. Based on our investigation of copper samples in each production step, the <sup>210</sup>Pb in oxygen free copper was understood to be a small residual of an electrolysis process. This method to measure bulk contaminations of <sup>210</sup>Pb and <sup>210</sup>Po could be applied to other materials.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2017.12.015

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  55. Search for solar Kaluza-Klein axions by annual modulation with the XMASS-I detector 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Oka N., Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Norita T., Ogawa H., Sato K., Sekiya H., Takachio O., Takeda A., Tasaka S., Yamashita M., Yang B.S., Kim N.Y., Kim Y.D., Itow Y., Kanzawa K., Kegasa R., Masuda K., Takiya H., Fushimi K., Kanzaki G., Martens K., Suzuki Y., Xu B.D., Fujita R., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y.H., Lee K.B., Lee M.K., Fukuda Y., Miyasaka M., Nishijima K., Nakamura S.

    Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics   2017 巻 ( 10 ) 頁： 103C01   2017年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    In theories with large extra dimensions beyond the standard 4-dimensional spacetime, axions could propagate in such extra dimensions, and acquire Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations. These KK axions are produced in the Sun and could solve the unexplained heating of the solar corona. While most of the solar KK axions escape from the solar system, a small fraction are gravitationally trapped in orbits around the Sun. They would decay into 2 photons inside a terrestrial detector. The event rate is expected to modulate annually depending on the distance from the Sun. We have searched for the annual modulation signature using 832 × 359 kg·days of XMASS-I data. No significant event rate modulation is found, and hence we set the first experimental constraint on the KK axion-photon coupling of 4.8 × 10 <sup>−12</sup> GeV <sup>−1</sup> at the 90% confidence level for a KK axion number density of n¯ <inf>a</inf> = 4.07 × 10 <sup>13</sup> m <sup>−3</sup> , the total number of extra dimensions n = 2, and the number of extra dimensions δ = 2 that axions can propagate in.

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptx137

    Open Access

    Web of Science

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  56. Detectability of galactic supernova neutrinos coherently scattered on xenon nuclei in XMASS

    Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakagawa K., Nakahata M., Norita T., Ogawa H., Sekiya H., Takachio O., Takeda A., Yamashita M., Yang B. S., Kim N. Y., Kim Y. D., Tasaka S., Liu J., Martens K., Suzuki Y., Fujita R., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Oka N., Onishi Y., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y. H., Lee J. S., Lee K. B., Lee M. K., Fukuda Y., Itow Y., Kegasa R., Kobayashi K., Masuda K., Takiya H., Uchida H., Nishijima K., Fujii K., Murayama I., Nakamura S.

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   89 巻   頁： 51 - 56   2017年3月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Astroparticle Physics  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.01.006

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  57. A measurement of the time profile of scintillation induced by low energy gamma-rays in liquid xenon with the XMASS-I detector 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Takiya H., Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Norita T., Ogawa H., Sekiya H., Takachio O., Takeda A., Tasaka S., Yamashita M., Yang B.S., Kim N.Y., Kim Y.D., Itow Y., Kegasa R., Kobayashi K., Masuda K., Fushimi K., Martens K., Suzuki Y., Fujita R., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Oka N., Onishi Y., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y.H., Lee J.S., Lee K.B., Lee M.K., Fukuda Y., Nishijima K., Nakamura S., XMASS Collaboration

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment   834 巻   頁： 192 - 196   2016年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    We report the measurement of the emission time profile of scintillation from gamma-ray induced events in the XMASS-I 832 kg liquid xenon scintillation detector. Decay time constant was derived from a comparison of scintillation photon timing distributions between the observed data and simulated samples in order to take into account optical processes such as absorption and scattering in liquid xenon. Calibration data of radioactive sources, <sup>55</sup>Fe, <sup>241</sup>Am, and <sup>57</sup>Co were used to obtain the decay time constant. Assuming two decay components, τ<inf>1</inf> and τ<inf>2</inf>, the decay time constant τ<inf>2</inf> increased from 27.9 ns to 37.0 ns as the gamma-ray energy increased from 5.9 keV to 122 keV. The accuracy of the measurement was better than 1.5 ns at all energy levels. A fast decay component with τ<inf>1</inf>∼2ns was necessary to reproduce data. Energy dependencies of τ<inf>2</inf> and the fraction of the fast decay component were studied as a function of the kinetic energy of electrons induced by gamma-rays. The obtained data almost reproduced previously reported results and extended them to the lower energy region relevant to direct dark matter searches.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2016.08.014

    Web of Science

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  58. Light yield of an undoped CsI crystal coupled directly to a photomultiplier tube at 77 Kelvin 国際共著 国際誌

    Liu J.

    Journal of Instrumentation   11 巻 ( 10 )   2016年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Instrumentation  

    DOI： 10.1088/1748-0221/11/10/P10003

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  59. Search for two-neutrino double electron capture on Xe-124 with the XMASS-I detector 国際共著 国際誌

    K. Abe, K. Hiraide, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, K. Nakagawa, M. Nakahata, T. Norita, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, O. Takachio, A. Takeda, M. Yamashita, B. S. Yang, N. Y. Kim, Y. D. Kim, S. Tasaka, J. Liu, K. Martens, Y. Suzuki, R. Fujita, K. Hosokawa, K. Miuchi, N. Oka, Y. Onishi, Y. Takeuchi, Y. H. Kim, J. S. Lee, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, R. Kegasa, K. Kobayashi, K. Masuda, H. Takiya, H. Uchida, K. Nishijima, K. Fujii, I. Murayama, S. Nakamura

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   759 巻   頁： 64 - 68   2016年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.05.039

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  60. Direct dark matter search by annual modulation in XMASS-I 国際共著 国際誌

    Abe K., Hiraide K., Ichimura K., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Norita T., Ogawa H., Sekiya H., Takachio O., Takeda A., Yamashita M., Yang B. S., Kim N. Y., Kim Y. D., Tasaka S., Fushimi K., Liu J., Martens K., Suzuki Y., Xu B. D., Fujita R., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Onishi Y., Oka N., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y. H., Lee J. S., Lee K. B., Lee M. K., Fukuda Y., Itow Y., Kegasa R., Kobayashi K., Masuda K., Takiya H., Nishijima K., Nakamura S.

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   759 巻   頁： 272 - 276   2016年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2016.05.081

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  61. Using Rn-220 to calibrate liquid noble gas detectors 国際共著 国際誌

    M. Kobayashi, M. Yamashita, A. Takeda, K. Kishimoto, S. Moriyama

    XIV INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOPICS IN ASTROPARTICLE AND UNDERGROUND PHYSICS (TAUP 2015), PTS 1-7   718 巻   2016年

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

    DOI： 10.1088/1742-6596/718/4/042069

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  62. Micro-source development for XMASS experiment 国際共著 国際誌

    Kim N. Y., Abe K., Hieda K., Hiraid K., Hirano S., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Moriyama S., Nakagawa K., Nakahata M., Nishiie H., Ogawa H., Oka N., Sekiya H., Shinozaki A., Suzuki Y., Takeda A., Takachio O., Ueshima K., Umemoto D., Yamashita M., Yang B. S., Tasaka S., Liu J., Martens K., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Murata A., Onishi Y., Otsuka Y., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y. H., Lee K. B., Lee M. K., Lee J. S., Fukuda Y., Itow Y., Nishitani Y., Masuda K., Takiya H., Uchida H., Kim Y. D., Kusaba F., Motoki D., Nishijima K., Fujii K., Murayama I., Nakamura S.

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   784 巻   頁： 499 - 503   2015年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.012

    Web of Science

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  63. Search for Bosonic Superweakly Interacting Massive Dark Matter Particles with the XMASS-I Detector 国際共著 国際誌

    K. Abe, K. Hieda, K. Hiraide, S. Hirano, Y. Kishimoto, K. Ichimura, K. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, K. Nakagawa, M. Nakahata, H. Ogawa, N. Oka, H. Sekiya, A. Shinozaki, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, O. Takachio, D. Umemoto, M. Yamashita, B. S. Yang, S. Tasaka, J. Liu, K. Martens, K. Hosokawa, K. Miuchi, A. Murata, Y. Onishi, Y. Otsuka, Y. Takeuchi, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, J. S. Lee, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, K. Masuda, H. Takiya, H. Uchida, N. Y. Kim, Y. D. Kim, F. Kusaba, K. Nishijima, K. Fujii, I. Murayama, S. Nakamura

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   113 巻 ( 12 )   2014年9月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.121301

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  64. Search for inelastic WIMP nucleus scattering on Xe-129 in data from the XMASS-I experiment 国際共著 国際誌

    H. Uchida, K. Abe, K. Hieda, K. Hiraide, S. Hirano, K. Ichimura, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, K. Nakagawa, M. Nakahata, H. Ogawa, N. Oka, H. Sekiya, A. Shinozaki, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, O. Takachio, D. Umemoto, M. Yamashita, B. S. Yang, S. Tasaka, J. Liu, K. Martens, K. Hosokawa, K. Miuchi, A. Murata, Y. Onishi, Y. Otsuka, Y. Takeuchi, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, J. S. Lee, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, K. Masuda, Y. Nishitani, H. Takiya, N. Y. Kim, Y. D. Kim, F. Kusaba, K. Nishijima, K. Fujii, I. Murayama, S. Nakamura

    PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS   2014 巻 ( 6 )   2014年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/ptu064

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  65. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns in surgical management of bicuspid aortopathy: A survey of 100 cardiac surgeons 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Verma S., Yanagawa B., Kalra S., Ruel M., Peterson M.D., Yamashita M.H., Fagan A., Currie M.E., White C.W., Wai Sang S.L., Rosu C., Singh S., Mewhort H., Gupta N., Fedak P.W.M.

    Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery   146 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1033 - e4   2013年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  

    Objective Clinical practice guidelines have been established for surgical management of the aorta in bicuspid aortic valve disease. We hypothesized that surgeons' knowledge of and attitudes toward bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy influence their surgical approaches. Methods We surveyed cardiac surgeons to probe the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and surgical management of bicuspid aortopathy. A total of 100 Canadian adult cardiac surgeons participated. Results Fifty-two percent of surgeons believed that the mechanism underlying aortic dilation in those with bicuspid aortic valve was due to an inherent genetic abnormality of the aorta, whereas only 2% believed that altered valve-related processes were involved in this process. Only a minority (15%) believed that bicuspid valve leaflet fusion type is associated with a unique pattern of aortic dilatation aortic phenotype. Sixty-five percent of surgeons recommended echocardiographic screening of first-degree relatives of patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Most surgeons (61%) elected to replace the aorta when the diameter is 45 mm or greater at the time of valve surgery. Fifty-five percent of surgeons surveyed suggested that in the absence of concomitant valvular disease, they would recommend ascending aortic replacement at a threshold of 50 mm or greater. Approximately one third of surgeons suggested that they would elect to replace a mildly dilated ascending aorta (40 mm) at the time of valve surgery. The most common surgical approach (61%) for combined valve and aortic surgery was aortic valve replacement and supracoronary replacement of the ascending aorta, and only a minority suggested the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and open distal anastomosis. More aggressive approaches were favored with greater surgeon experience, and when circulatory arrest was chosen, the majority (68%) suggested they would use antegrade cerebral perfusion. In the setting of aortic insufficiency and a dilated aorta, 42% of surgeons suggested that they would perform valve-sparing surgery. Of note, 40% of respondents used an index measure of aortic size to body surface area in addition to absolute aortic diameter in assessing the threshold for intervention. Conclusions This large survey uncovered significant gaps in the knowledge and attitudes of surgeons toward the diagnosis and management of bicuspid aortopathy, many of which were at odds with current guideline recommendations. Efforts to promote knowledge translation in this area are strongly encouraged. Copyright © 2013 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.06.037

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  66. XMASS detector 国際共著 国際誌

    K. Abe, K. Hieda, K. Hiraide, S. Hirano, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, K. Nakagawa, M. Nakahata, H. Nishiie, H. Ogawa, N. Oka, H. Sekiya, A. Shinozaki, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, O. Takachio, K. Ueshima, D. Umemoto, M. Yamashita, B. S. Yang, S. Tasaka, J. Liu, K. Martens, K. Hosokawa, K. Miuchi, A. Murata, Y. Onishi, Y. Otsuka, Y. Takeuchi, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, J. S. Lee, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, Y. Nishitani, K. Masuda, H. Takiya, H. Uchida, N. Y. Kim, Y. D. Kim, F. Kusaba, D. Motoki, K. Nishijima, K. Fujii, I. Murayama, S. Nakamura

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   716 巻   頁： 78 - 85   2013年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2013.03.059

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  67. Search for solar axions in XMASS, a large liquid-xenon detector 国際共著 国際誌

    K. Abe, K. Hieda, K. Hiraide, S. Hirano, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, K. Nakagawa, M. Nakahata, H. Ogawa, N. Oka, H. Sekiya, A. Shinozaki, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, O. Takachio, K. Ueshima, D. Umemoto, M. Yamashita, B. S. Yang, S. Tasaka, J. Liu, K. Martens, K. Hosokawa, K. Miuchi, A. Murata, Y. Onishi, K. Otsuka, Y. Takeuchi, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, J. S. Lee, Y. Fukuda, Y. Itow, K. Masuda, Y. Nishitani, H. Takiya, H. Uchida, N. Y. Kim, Y. D. Kim, F. Kusaba, D. Motoki, K. Nishijima, K. Fujii, I. Murayama, S. Nakamura

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   724 巻 ( 1-3 ) 頁： 46 - 50   2013年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.060

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  68. Light WIMP search in XMASS 国際共著 国際誌

    Abe K., Hieda K., Hiraide K., Hirano S., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Moriyama S., Nakagawa K., Nakahata M., Ogawa H., Oka N., Sekiya H., Shinozaki A., Suzuki Y., Takeda A., Takachio O., Ueshima K., Umemoto D., Yamashita M., Yang B. S., Tasaka S., Liu J., Martens K., Hosokawa K., Miuchi K., Murata A., Onishi Y., Otsuka Y., Takeuchi Y., Kim Y. H., Lee K. B., Lee M. K., Lee J. S., Fukuda Y., Itow Y., Masuda K., Nishitani Y., Takiya H., Uchida H., Kim N. Y., Kim Y. D., Kusaba F., Motoki D., Nishijima K., Fujii K., Murayama I., Nakamura S.

    PHYSICS LETTERS B   719 巻 ( 1-3 ) 頁： 78 - 82   2013年2月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.physletb.2013.01.001

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  69. Direct dark matter search with xmass

    Masaki Yamashita, Masaki Yamashita

    Proceedings of the 33rd International Cosmic Rays Conference, ICRC 2013   2013-October 巻   2013年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Fisica. All Rights Reserved. XMASS is a multi-purpose experiment which aims at the direct detection of dark matter, low energy solar neutrinos, and neutrino less double beta decay with a ton scale fiducial volume of liquid xenon detector. In the current stage, we focus on the the direct detection of dark matter in the form of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) via their elastic scattering off xenon nuclei with 835 kg detector at Kamioka in Japan. The first result from a low mass WIMP search done with a very low energy threshold is presented.

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  70. The XENON100 dark matter experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Arisaka, K; Arneodo, F; Askin, A; Baudis, L; Behrens, A; Brown, E; Cardoso, JMR; Choi, B; Cline, D; Fattori, S; Ferella, AD; Giboni, KL; Kish, A; Lam, CW; Lang, RF; Lim, KE; Lopes, JAM; Undagoitia, TM; Mei, Y; Fernandez, AJM; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Orrigo, SEA; Pantic, E; Plante, G; Ribeiro, ACC; Santorelli, R; dos Santos, JMF; Schumann, M; Shagin, P; Teymourian, A; Tziaferi, E; Wang, H; Yamashita, M

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   35 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 573 - 590   2012年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Astroparticle Physics  

    The XENON100 dark matter experiment uses liquid xenon (LXe) in a time projection chamber (TPC) to search for xenon nuclear recoils resulting from the scattering of dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). In this paper we present a detailed description of the detector design and present performance results, as established during the commissioning phase and during the first science runs. The active target of XENON100 contains 62 kg of LXe, surrounded by an LXe veto of 99 kg, both instrumented with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) operating inside the liquid or in xenon gas. The LXe target and veto are contained in a low-radioactivity stainless steel vessel, embedded in a passive radiation shield and is installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Italy. The experiment has recently published results from a 100 live-days dark matter search. The ultimate design goal of XENON100 is to achieve a spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section sensitivity of σ = 2 × 10 <sup>-45</sup> cm <sup>2</sup> for a 100 GeV/c <sup>2</sup> WIMP. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.01.003

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  71. Radon removal from gaseous xenon with activated charcoal 国際共著 国際誌

    Abe K., Hieda K., Hiraide K., Hirano S., Kishimoto Y., Kobayashi K., Koshio Y., Liu J., Martens K., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Nishiie H., Ogawa H., Sekiya H., Shinozaki A., Suzuki Y., Takachio O., Takeda A., Ueshima K., Umemoto D., Yamashita M., Hosokawa K., Murata A., Otsuka K., Takeuchi Y., Kusaba F., Motoki D., Nishijima K., Tasaka S., Fujii K., Murayama I., Nakamura S., Fukuda Y., Itow Y., Masuda K., Nishitani Y., Takiya H., Uchida H., Kim Y. D., Kim Y. H., Lee K. B., Lee M. K., Lee J. S.

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   661 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 50 - 57   2012年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2011.09.051

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  72. Scintillation-only based pulse shape discrimination for nuclear and electron recoils in liquid xenon 国際共著 国際誌

    K. Ueshima, K. Abe, K. Hiraide, S. Hirano, Y. Kishimoto, K. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, J. Liu, K. Martens, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, H. Nishiie, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, A. Shinozaki, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, M. Yamashita, K. Fujii, I. Murayama, S. Nakamura, K. Otsuka, Y. Takeuchi, Y. Fukuda, K. Nishijima, D. Motoki, Y. Itow, K. Masuda, Y. Nishitani, H. Uchida, S. Tasaka, H. Ohsumi, Y. D. Kim, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Lee, M. K. Lee, J. S. Lee

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   659 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 161 - 168   2011年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2011.09.011

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  73. Search for Light Dark Matter in XENON10 Data 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Angle, J; Aprile, E; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bernstein, A; Bolozdynya, AI; Coelho, LCC; Dahl, CE; DeViveiros, L; Ferella, AD; Fernandes, LMP; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Giboni, KL; Gomez, R; Hasty, R; Kastens, L; Kwong, J; Lopes, JAM; Madden, N; Manalaysay, A; Manzur, A; McKinsey, DN; Monzani, ME; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Orboeck, J; Plante, G; Santorelli, R; dos Santos, JMF; Schulte, S; Shagin, P; Shutt, T; Sorensen, P; Winant, C; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   107 巻 ( 5 )   2011年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We report results of a search for light (10GeV) particle dark matter with the XENON10 detector. The event trigger was sensitive to a single electron, with the analysis threshold of 5 electrons corresponding to 1.4keV nuclear recoil energy. Considering spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering, we exclude cross sections σ<inf>n</inf>>7×10<sup>-</sup>42cm2, for a dark matter particle mass m<inf>χ</inf>=7GeV. We find that our data strongly constrain recent elastic dark matter interpretations of excess low-energy events observed by CoGeNT and CRESST-II, as well as the DAMA annual modulation signal. © 2011 American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.051301

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  74. Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment

    E. Aprile, J. Angle, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, P. Brusov, L. C. C. Coelho, C. E. Dahl, L. DeViveiros, A. D. Ferella, L. M. P. Fernandes, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, K. L. Giboni, R. Gomez, R. Hasty, L. Kastens, J. Kwong, J. A. M. Lopes, N. Madden, A. Manalaysay, A. Manzur, D. N. McKinsey, M. E. Monzani, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, J. Orboeck, D. Orlandi, G. Plante, R. Santorelli, J. M. F. dos Santos, P. Shagin, T. Shutt, P. Sorensen, S. Schulte, E. Tatananni, C. Winant, M. Yamashita

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   34 巻 ( 9 ) 頁： 679 - 698   2011年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    XENON10 is the first two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) developed within the XENON dark matter search program. The TPC, with an active liquid xenon (LXe) mass of about 14 kg, was installed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, and operated for more than one year, with excellent stability and performance. Results from a dark matter search with XENON10 have been published elsewhere. In this paper, we summarize the design and performance of the detector and its subsystems, based on calibration data using sources of gamma-rays and neutrons as well as background and Monte Carlo simulation data. The results on the detector's energy threshold, position resolution, and overall efficiency show a performance that exceeds design specifications, in view of the very low energy threshold achieved (&lt; 10 keVr) and low background rate achieved. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

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  75. Lowering the low-energy threshold of xenon detectors 国際共著 国際誌

    P. Sorensen, J. Angle, J. Angle, E. Aprile, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, L. Baudis, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, L. C.C. Coelho, C. E. Dahl, C. E. Dahl, L. DeViveiros, A. D. Ferella, A. D. Ferella, L. M.P. Fernandes, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, K. L. Giboni, R. Gomez, R. Hasty, L. Kastens, J. Kwong, J. Kwong, J. A.M. Lopes, N. Madden, N. Madden, A. Manalaysay, A. Manzur, D. N. McKinsey, M. E. Monzani, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, J. Orboeck, G. Plante, R. Santorelli, J. M.F, Dos Santos, S. Schulte, P. Shagin, T. Shutt, C. Winant, M. Yamashita

    Proceedings of Science     2010年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of Science  

    We show that the energy threshold for nuclear recoils in the XENON10 dark matter search data can be lowered to ∼ 1 keV, by using only the ionization signal. In other words, we make no requirement that a valid event contain a primary scintillation signal. We therefore relinquish incident particle type discrimination, which is based on the ratio of ionization to scintillation in liquid xenon. This method compromises the detector's ability to precisely determine the z coordinate of a particle interaction. However, we show for the first time that it is possible to discriminate bulk events from surface events based solely on the ionization signal. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.

    Scopus

  76. Laparoscopic vs open hepatic resection for benign and malignant tumors: An updated meta-analysis 国際共著 国際誌

    Croome K.P., Yamashita M.H.

    Archives of Surgery   145 巻 ( 11 ) 頁： 1109 - 1118   2010年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Surgery  

    Objective: To compare laparoscopic hepatic resection (LHR) with open hepatic resection (OHR) for benign and malignant tumors. Data Sources: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 1, 1998, and May 1, 2009. Study Selection: Studies clearly documenting a comparison of LHR with OHR for benign and malignant neoplasms were selected. Data Extraction: Operative and postoperative measures, resection margins, complications, and survival outcomes were evaluated. Weighted mean differences, relative risks, and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Twenty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The HR of death for malignant tumors was significantly lower in the LHR group compared with the OHR group (HR,0.64; P=.04). The HR of recurrence for malignant tumors was not significantly different between the 2 groups (HR,0.79; P=.37). The LHR group had a lower operative blood loss (weighted mean difference,-161 mL; P<.001) and relative risk of total postoperative complications (relative risk,0.40; P<.001). Duration of hospital stay, days of intravenous narcotic use, and days until oral intake were all significantly lower in the LHR group compared with the OHR group. Operative time between LHR and OHR was not significantly different. Conclusions: Laparoscopic hepatic resection for malignant tumors is associated with a long-term survival that is at least comparable, if not superior, to OHR with no difference in disease recurrence. The use of LHR for benign and malignant tumors is a safe alternative to OHR with potential operative and postoperative benefits. ©2010 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1001/archsurg.2010.227

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  77. XMASS 国際共著 国際誌

    Masaki Yamashita

    Proceedings of the 6th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, PATRAS 2010     頁： 129 - 132   2010年

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Verlag Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron  

    DOI： 10.3204/DESY-PROC-2010-03/yamashita_masaki

    Scopus

  78. Constraints on inelastic dark matter from XENON10 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Angle, J; Aprile, E; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bernstein, A; Bolozdynya, A; Coelho, LCC; Dahl, CE; DeViveiros, L; Ferella, AD; Fernandes, LMP; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Giboni, KL; Gomez, R; Hasty, R; Kastens, L; Kwong, J; Lopes, JAM; Madden, N; Manalaysay, A; Manzur, A; McKinsey, DN; Monzani, ME; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Orboeck, J; Plante, G; Santorelli, R; dos Santos, JMF; Shagin, P; Shutt, T; Sorensen, P; Schulte, S; Winant, C; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   80 巻 ( 11 )   2009年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D Particles Fields Gravitation and Cosmology  

    It has been suggested that dark matter particles which scatter inelastically from detector target nuclei could explain the apparent incompatibility of the DAMA modulation signal (interpreted as evidence for particle dark matter) with the null results from CDMS-II and XENON10. Among the predictions of inelastically interacting dark matter are a suppression of low-energy events, and a population of nuclear recoil events at higher nuclear recoil equivalent energies. This is in stark contrast to the well-known expectation of a falling exponential spectrum for the case of elastic interactions. We present a new analysis of XENON10 dark matter search data extending to Enr=75keV nuclear recoil equivalent energy. Our results exclude a significant region of previously allowed parameter space in the model of inelastically interacting dark matter. In particular, it is found that dark matter particle masses mχ 150GeV are disfavored. © 2009 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.80.115005

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  79. Distillation of liquid xenon to remove krypton 国際共著 国際誌

    Abe K., Hosaka J., Iida T., Ikeda M., Kobayashi K., Koshio Y., Minamino A., Miura M., Moriyama S., Nakahata M., Nakajima Y., Namba T., Ogawa H., Sekiya H., Shiozawa M., Suzuki Y., Takeda A., Takeuchi Y., Ueshima K., Yamashita M., Kaneyuki K., Ebizuka Y., Kikuchi J., Ota A., Suzuki S., Takahashi T., Hagiwara H., Kamei T., Miyamoto K., Nagase T., Nakamura S., Ozaki Y., Sato T., Fukuda Y., Sato T., Nishijima K., Sakurai M., Maruyama T., Motoki D., Itow Y., Ohsumi H., Tasaka S., Kim S. B., Kim Y. D., Lee J. I., Moon S. H., Urakawa Y., Uchino M., Kamioka Y.

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   31 巻 ( 4 ) 頁： 290 - 296   2009年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Astroparticle Physics  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.02.006

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  80. The scintillation and ionization yield of liquid xenon for nuclear recoils 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Sorensen, P; Manzur, A; Dahl, CE; Angle, J; Aprile, E; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bernstein, A; Bolozdynya, A; Coelho, LCC; DeViveiros, L; Ferella, AD; Fernandes, LMP; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Giboni, KL; Gomez, R; Hasty, R; Kastens, L; Kwong, J; Lopes, JAM; Madden, N; Manalaysay, A; McKinsey, DN; Monzani, ME; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Orboeck, J; Plante, G; Santorelli, R; dos Santos, JMF; Shagin, P; Shutt, T; Schulte, S; Winant, C; Yamashita, M

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   601 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 339 - 346   2009年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    XENON10 is an experiment designed to directly detect particle dark matter. It is a dual phase (liquid/gas) xenon time-projection chamber with 3D position imaging. Particle interactions generate a primary scintillation signal (S 1) and ionization signal (S 2), which are both functions of the deposited recoil energy and the incident particle type. We present a new precision measurement of the relative scintillation yield L<inf>eff</inf> and the absolute ionization yield Q<inf>y</inf>, for nuclear recoils in xenon. A dark matter particle is expected to deposit energy by scattering from a xenon nucleus. Knowledge of L<inf>eff</inf> is therefore crucial for establishing the energy threshold of the experiment; this in turn determines the sensitivity to particle dark matter. Our L<inf>eff</inf> measurement is in agreement with recent theoretical predictions above 15 keV nuclear recoil energy, and the energy threshold of the measurement is ∼ 4 keV. A knowledge of the ionization yield Q<inf>y</inf> is necessary to establish the trigger threshold of the experiment. The ionization yield Q<inf>y</inf> is measured in two ways, both in agreement with previous measurements and with a factor of 10 lower energy threshold. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.197

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  81. New measurement of the relative scintillation efficiency of xenon nuclear recoils below 10 keV 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Baudis, L; Choi, B; Giboni, KL; Lim, K; Manalaysay, A; Monzani, ME; Plante, G; Santorelli, R; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW C   79 巻 ( 4 )   2009年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review C Nuclear Physics  

    Liquid xenon is an important detection medium in direct dark matter experiments, which search for low-energy nuclear recoils produced by the elastic scattering of WIMPs with quarks. The two existing measurements of the relative scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils below 20 keV lead to inconsistent extrapolations at lower energies. This results in a different energy scale and thus sensitivity reach of liquid xenon dark matter detectors. We report a new measurement of the relative scintillation efficiency below 10 keV performed with a liquid xenon scintillation detector, optimized for maximum light collection. Greater than 95% of the interior surface of this detector was instrumented with photomultiplier tubes, giving a scintillation yield of 19.6 photoelectrons/keV electron equivalent for 122-keV γ rays. We find that the relative scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils of 5 keV is 0.14, staying constant around this value up to 10 keV. For higher energy recoils we measure a value of 0.21, consistent with previously reported data. In light of this new measurement, the XENON10 experiment's upper limits on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section, which were calculated assuming a constant 0.19 relative scintillation efficiency, change from 8.8×10-44 cm2 to 9.9×10-44 cm2 for WIMPs of mass 100 GeV/c2, and from 4.5×10-44 cm2 to 5.6×10-44 cm2 for WIMPs of mass 30 GeV/c2. © 2009 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevC.79.045807

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  82. XMASS Experiment(16th YKIS Conference Progress in Particle Physics 2008) 国際共著 国際誌

    Yamashita Masaki

    素粒子論研究   117 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： C45 - C47   2009年

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Soryushiron Kenkyu Editorial Office  

    The final goal of XMASS experiment aims at the direct dark matter, the solar neutrinos from pp and ^7Be and neutrino less double beta decay with ton scale fiducial volume of liquid xenon detector. In the current stage, we focus on the the direct detection of dark matter in the form of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) via their elastic scattering off Xenon nuclei with 800kg detector at Kamioka in Japan. XMASS 800kg detector will achieve a sensitivity more than two order of magnitude beyond current limits of WIMP-nucleus cross section to reach 10^&lt;-45&gt;cm^2 for the spin independent case. The status of experiment will be review and discussed here.

    DOI： 10.24532/soken.117.3_C7

    CiNii Research

  83. 2相型キセノン検出器による暗黒物質探索 : XENON10実験の成果

    山下 雅樹

    日本物理學會誌   63 巻 ( 12 ) 頁： 953 - 956   2008年12月

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    記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Physical Society of Japan (JPS)  

    2007年4月米国物理学会において,気体-液体2相型キセノン検出器を用いたXENON10の実験結果が発表された.暗黒物質候補WIMPと核子の散乱断面積として,WIMPの質量が30(100)GeV/c^2に対し,4.5(8.8)×10^&lt;-44&gt;cm^2の上限値が得られたもので,ここ数年上限値競争をリードしてきたCDMSグループによるGe検出器実験よりも数倍良い結果であった,本稿では,現時点で最高感度を達成したXENON10実験の成果について,検出器,データ解析などの詳細にも触れながら紹介する.

    CiNii Research

  84. Scintillation yield of liquid xenon at room temperature 国際共著 国際誌

    K. Ueshima, K. Abe, T. Iida, M. Ikeda, K. Kobayashi, Y. Koshio, A. Minamino, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, H. Ogawa, H. Sekiya, M. Shiozawa, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeda, Y. Takeuchi, M. Yamashita, K. Kaneyuki, T. Doke, Y. Ebizuka, J. Kikuchi, A. Ota, S. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, H. Hagiwara, T. Kamei, K. Miyamoto, T. Nagase, S. Nakamura, Y. Ozaki, T. Sato, Y. Fukuda, T. Sato, K. Nishijima, M. Sakurai, T. Maruyama, D. Motoki, Y. Itow, H. Ohsumi, S. Tasaka, S. B. Kim, Y. D. Kim, J. I. Lee, S. H. Moon

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   594 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 148 - 154   2008年9月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2008.06.017

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  85. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections from the XENON10 experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Angle, J; Aprile, E; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bernstein, A; Bolozdynya, A; Coelho, LCC; Dahl, CE; DeViveiros, L; Ferella, AD; Fernandes, LMP; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Giboni, KL; Gomez, R; Hasty, R; Kastens, L; Kwong, J; Lopes, JAM; Madden, N; Manalaysay, A; Manzur, A; McKinsey, DN; Monzani, ME; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Orboeck, J; Plante, G; Santorelli, R; dos Santos, JMF; Shagin, P; Shutt, T; Sorensen, P; Schulte, S; Winant, C; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   101 巻 ( 9 )   2008年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    XENON10 is an experiment to directly detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may comprise the bulk of the nonbaryonic dark matter in our Universe. We report new results for spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions with Xe129 and Xe131 from 58.6live days of operation at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. Based on the nonobservation of a WIMP signal in 5.4kg of fiducial liquid xenon mass, we exclude previously unexplored regions in the theoretically allowed parameter space for neutralinos. We also exclude a heavy Majorana neutrino with a mass in the range of ∼10GeV/c2-2TeV/c2 as a dark matter candidate under standard assumptions for its density and distribution in the galactic halo. © 2008 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.091301

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  86. First results from the XENON10 dark matter experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Angle, J; Aprile, E; Arneodo, F; Baudis, L; Bernstein, A; Bolozdynya, A; Brusov, P; Coelho, LCC; Dahl, CE; DeViveiros, L; Ferella, AD; Fernandes, LMP; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Giboni, KL; Gomez, R; Hasty, R; Kastens, L; Kwong, J; Lopes, JAM; Madden, N; Manalaysay, A; Manzur, A; McKinsey, DN; Monzani, ME; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Orboeck, J; Plante, G; Santorelli, R; dos Santos, JMF; Shagin, P; Shutt, T; Sorensen, P; Schulte, S; Winant, C; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   100 巻 ( 2 )   2008年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8×10-44cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100GeV/c2, and 4.5×10-44cm2 for a WIMP mass of 30GeV/c2. This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models. © 2008 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021303

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  87. Xenon 国際共著 国際誌

    Masaki Yamashita

    Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter, IDM 2006     頁： 58 - 64   2007年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter Idm 2006  

    The XENON experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering off Xe nuclei. The final detector will have a fiducial mass of 1000 kg, distributed in 10 independent liquid xenon time projection chambers (TPCs). Such an experiment will be able to probe the lowest interaction cross-section predicted by SUSY models. The TPCs are operated in dual (liquid/gas) phase, to allow a measurement of nuclear recoils down to < 10 keV energy, via simultaneous detection of the ionization, through secondary scintillation in the gas, and primary scintillation in the liquid. The distinct ratio of primary to secondary scintillation for nuclear recoils from WIMPs (or neutrons), and for electron recoils from background, is used for the event-by-event discrimination. As part of the R&D phase, we built a first XENON module (XENON10) with 15 kg fiducial mass and installed it underground, at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sass0 (LNGS), on March 2006. XENON10 has accumulated an exposure of more than 30 live days, operating with quite stable condition. A preliminary analysis of the background data is presented here.

    DOI： 10.1142/9789812770288_0007

    Scopus

  88. XENON 国際共著 国際誌

    Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Monzani, ME; Plante, G; Yamashita, M; Gaitskell, RJ; Fiorucci, S; Sorensen, P; DeViveiroS, L; Bernstein, A; Madden, N; Winant, C; Shutt, T; Kwong, J; Bolozdynya, A; Dahl, E; Oberlack, U; Shagin, P; Gomez, R; McKinsey, D; Manzur, A; Hasty, R; Ni, K; Arneodo, F; Ferella, A; Baudis, L; Angle, J; Orboeek, J; Manalaysay, A; Lopes, JAM; Coelho, L; Fernandes, L; Santos, J

    NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS   173 巻   頁： 113 - 116   2007年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements  

    The XENON experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) via their elastic scattering off Xenon nuclei. With 1 ton of LXe distributed in ten identical modules, the proposed XENON1T experiment will achieve a sensitivity more than a factor of thousand beyond current limits.The detectors are time projection chambers operated in dual (liquid/gas) phase, to detect simultaneously the ionization, through secondary scintillation in the gas, and primary scintillation in the liquid produced by low energy recoils. We review some of the results from the prototype XENON3 detector and briefly discuss about the status of current XENON10 at Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.142

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  89. 3D position sensitive XeTPC for dark matter search

    J. Angle, E. Aprile, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. Bernsteine, A. Bolozdynya, L. Coelho, E. Dahl, L. DeViveiros, A. Ferella, L. Fernandes, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, K. -L. Giboni, R. Gomez, R. Hasty, J. Kwong, J. A. M. Lopes, N. Madden, A. Manalaysay, A. Manzur, D. McKinsey, M. E. Monzani, K. Ni, U. Oberlack, J. Orboeck, G. Plante, J. Santos, P. Shagin, T. Shutt, P. Sorensen, C. Winant, M. Yamashita

    NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS   173 巻   頁： 117 - 120   2007年11月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    The technique to realize 3D position sensitivity in a two-phase xenon time projection chamber (XeTPC) is described. Results from a prototype detector (XENON3) are presented.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2007.08.033

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  90. Observation of anticorrelation between scintillation and ionization for MeV gamma rays in liquid xenon 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Majewski, P; Ni, K; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW B   76 巻 ( 1 )   2007年7月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics  

    A strong anticorrelation between ionization and scintillation signals produced by MeV γ rays in liquid xenon has been measured and used to improve the energy resolution by combining the two signals. The improvement is explained by reduced electron-ion recombination fluctuations of the combined signal compared to fluctuations of the individual signals. Simultaneous measurements of ionization and scintillation signals were carried out with Cs137, Na22, and Co60 γ rays, as a function of electric field in the liquid. A resolution of 1.7% (σ) at 662 keV was measured at 1 kV/cm, significantly better than the resolution from either scintillation or ionization alone. A detailed analysis indicates that further improvement to less than 1% (σ) is possible with higher light collection efficiency and lower electronic noise. © 2007 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.014115

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  91. 25pSE-1 グランサッソにおけるXENON暗黒物質探索実験(25pSE 実験核物理領域,素粒子論領域,素粒子実験領域,理論核物理領域,宇宙線・宇宙物理領域合同 二重ベータ崩壊・暗黒物質探索,実験核物理領域) 国際共著 国際誌

    山下 雅樹

    日本物理学会講演概要集   62.1.1 巻 ( 0 ) 頁： 60   2007年

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    記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本物理学会  

    DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.62.1.1.0_60_4

    CiNii Research

  92. Gamma ray spectroscopy with scintillation light in liquid xenon 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Ni, K; Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Majewski, P; Yamashita, M

    JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION   1 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 1 - 11   2006年9月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Instrumentation  

    Scintillation light from gamma ray irradiation in liquid xenon is detected by two Hamamatsu R9288 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) immersed in the liquid. UV light reflector material, PTFE, is used to optimize the light collection efficiency. The detector gives a high light yield of 6 photoelectron per keV (pe/keV), which allows efficient detection of the 122 keV γ-ray line from <sup>57</sup>Co, with a measured energy resolution of (8.8 ± 0.6)% (σ). The best achievable energy resolution, by removing the instrumental fluctuations, from liquid xenon scintillation light is estimated to be around 6-8% (σ) for γ-ray with energy between 662 keV and 122 keV. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

    DOI： 10.1088/1748-0221/1/09/P09004

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  93. Simultaneous measurement of ionization and scintillation from nuclear recoils in liquid xenon for a dark matter experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Dahl, CE; de Viveiros, L; Gaitskell, RJ; Giboni, KL; Kwong, J; Majewski, P; Ni, K; Shutt, T; Yamashita, M

    PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS   97 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 081302   2006年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review Letters  

    We report the first measurements of the absolute ionization yield of nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as a function of energy and electric field. Independent experiments were carried out with two dual-phase time-projection chamber prototypes, developed for the XENON dark matter project. We find that the charge yield increases with decreasing recoil energy, and exhibits only a weak field dependence. These results are the first unambiguous demonstration of the capability of dual-phase xenon detectors to discriminate between electron and nuclear recoils down to 20keV, a key requirement for a sensitive dark matter search. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.081302

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    PubMed

  94. Performance of a large area avalanche photodiode in a liquid xenon ionization and scintillation chamber 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Ni, K; Aprile, E; Day, D; Giboni, KL; Lopes, JAM; Majewski, P; Yamashita, M

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   551 巻 ( 2-3 ) 頁： 356 - 363   2005年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    Scintillation light produced in liquid xenon (LXe) by alpha particles, electrons and gamma-rays was detected with a large area avalanche photodiode (LAAPD) immersed in the liquid. The alpha scintillation yield was measured as a function of applied electric field. We estimate the quantum efficiency of the LAAPD to be 45%. The best energy resolution from the light measurement at zero electric field is 7.5%(σ) for 976 keV internal conversion electrons from <sup>207</sup>Bi and 2.6%(σ) for 5.5 MeV alpha particles from <sup>241</sup>Am. The detector used for these measurements was also operated as a gridded ionization chamber to measure the charge yield. We confirm that using a LAAPD in LXe does not introduce impurities which inhibit the drifting of free electrons. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2005.06.054

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  95. Fast timing measurements of gamma-ray events in liquid xenon

    KL Giboni, E Aprile, P Majewski, KX Ni, M Yamashita

    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE   52 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1800 - 1804   2005年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC  

    We have used newly developed metal-channel photomultipliers (PMTs) from Hamamatsu Photonics to detect the fast scintillation light from liquid xenon. The PMTs are designed to operate within the liquid and to efficiently detect the 175 nm Xe light. Their small transit time spread makes them ideal for fast timing applications. To evaluate the timing characteristics of a liquid xenon detector, we tested a gridded ionization chamber equipped with two such PMTs. Both PMTs observe the same interaction and share the detected scintillation light about equally. At zero field the measured timing resolution is 565 ps FWHM for 122 keV from Co-57 and 227 ps FWHM for 662 keV from Cs-137. For electric fields up to 4 kV/cm drift field the timing resolution remained constant. This timing resolution opens the possibility of a time-of-flight (ToF) measurement between two LXe detectors separated by a distance of 10-20 cm, which is of great interest for background reduction in a Compton telescope for gamma-ray astrophysics.

    DOI： 10.1109/TNS.2005.856763

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    J-GLOBAL

  96. Scintillation response of liquid xenon to low energy nuclear recoils - art. no. 072006 査読有り 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Majewski, P; Ni, K; Yamashita, M; Hasty, R; Manzur, A; McKinsey, DN

    PHYSICAL REVIEW D   72 巻 ( 7 )   2005年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Review D Particles Fields Gravitation and Cosmology  

    Liquid Xenon (LXe) is expected to be an excellent target and detection medium to search for dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). We have measured the scintillation efficiency of nuclear recoils with kinetic energy between 10.4 and 56.5 keV relative to that of 122 keV gamma rays from C57o. The scintillation yield of 56.5 keV recoils was also measured as a function of applied electric field, and compared to that of gamma rays and alpha particles. The Xe recoils were produced by elastic scattering of 2.4 MeV neutrons in liquid xenon at a variety of scattering angles. The relative scintillation efficiency is 0.130±0.024 and 0.227±0.016 for the lowest and highest energy recoils, respectively. This is about 15% less than the value predicted by Lindhard, based on nuclear quenching. Our results are in good agreement with more recent theoretical predictions that consider the additional reduction of scintillation yield due to biexcitonic collisions in LXe. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

    DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevD.72.072006

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  97. The XENON dark matter search experiment 国際共著 国際誌 Open Access

    Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Majewski, P; Ni, K; Yamashita, M; Gaitskell, R; Sorensen, P; DeViveiros, L; Baudis, L; Bernstein, A; Hagmann, C; Winant, C; Shutt, T; Kwong, J; Oberlack, U; McKinsey, D; Hasty, R

    NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS   49 巻 ( 2-6 ) 頁： 289 - 295   2005年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：New Astronomy Reviews  

    The XENON experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic scattering off Xe nuclei. A fiducial mass of 1000 kg, distributed in 10 independent liquid xenon time projection chambers will be used to probe the lowest interaction cross-section predicted by SUSY models. The TPCs are operated in dual (liquid/gas) phase, to allow a measurement of nuclear recoils down to 16 keV energy, via simultaneous detection of the ionization, through secondary scintillation in the gas, and primary scintillation in the liquid. The distinct ratio of primary to secondary scintillation for nuclear recoils from WIMPs (or neutrons), and for electron recoils from background, is key to the event-by-event discrimination capability of XENON. A dual phase xenon prototype has been realized and is currently being tested, along with other prototypes dedicated to other measurements relevant to the XENON program. As part of the R&D phase, we will realize and move underground a first XENON module (XENON10) with at least 10 kg fiducial mass to measure the background rejection capability and to optimize the conditions for continuous and stable detector operation underground. We present some of the results from the on-going R&D and summarize the expected performance of the 10 kg experiment, from Monte-Carlo simulations. The main design features of the 100 kg detector unit(XENON100), with which we envisage to make up the 1 ton sensitive mass of XENON1T will also be presented. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.newar.2005.01.035

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  98. The XENON dark matter experiment 国際共著 国際誌

    Shutt, T; Aprile, E; Baltz, E; Giboni, K; Majewski, P; Yamashita, M; Ni, K; Oberlack, U; Vargas; Kwong, J; McDonald, K; Niemack, M; Gaitskell, R; Sorensen, P; DeViveiros, L; Craig, W

    NUCLEAR PHYSICS B-PROCEEDINGS SUPPLEMENTS   138 巻 ( 1-3 ) 頁： 156 - 159   2005年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements  

    We report on progress of the XENON collaboration, which is developing a liquid xenon time projection chamber technology for use in a very-large-mass dark matter experiment. The collaboration is working towards demonstration of simultaneous ionization and scintillation measurement to provide strong background rejection. A 100 kg module will powerfully probe WIMP rates predicted by supersymmetry. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.036

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  99. Transparency of a 100 liter liquid xenon scintillation calorimeter prototype and measurement of its energy resolution for 55 MeV photons 国際共著 国際誌

    A Baldini, C Bemporad, F Cei, T Doke, M Grassi, T Haruyama, K Kasami, PR Kettle, A Maki, S Mihara, T Mori, D Nicolo, H Nishiguchi, W Ootani, K Ozone, A Papa, R Pazzi, S Ritt, R Sawada, M Schneebeli, F Sergiampietri, G Signorelli, S Suzuki, K Terasawa, M Yamashita, S Yamashita, T Yoshimura, Y Yuri

    ICDL: 2005 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids     頁： 337 - 340   2005年

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

    Web of Science

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  100. Measurement of the ionization and scintillation yield of nuclear recoils in liquid xenon 国際共著 国際誌

    Aprile E., Giboni K.L., Kamat S., Majewski P., Ni K., Singh B., Yamashita M.

    2005 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids ICDL 2005     頁： 313 - 316   2005年

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：2005 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids ICDL 2005  

    The XENON experiment uses liquid xenon as target and detector to look for dark matter Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) through their elastic scattering off Xe nuclei. With a fiducial mass of 1000 kg of liquid xenon, a sufficiently low threshold of 16 keV recoil energy and an un-rejected background rate of 10 events per year, XENON would be sensitive to a WIMP-nucieon interaction cross section of ∼ 10 <sup>-46</sup>cm <sup>2</sup>, for WIMPs with masses above 50 GeV. Using time projection chambers operating in dual (liquid/gas) phase, XENON simultaneously detects the ionization, through secondary scintillation in the gas, and primary scintillation in the liquid produced by low energy recoils. We present some results from experiments using prototypes irradiated with neutrons to measure the ionization and scintillation yield of low energy nuclear recoils in liquid xenon. © 2005 IEEE.

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  101. Performance of dual phase XeTPC with CsI photocathode and PMTs readout for the scintillation light 国際共著 国際誌

    Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Kamat, S; Majewski, P; Ni, K; Singh, BK; Yamashita, M

    ICDL: 2005 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIELECTRIC LIQUIDS     頁： 345 - 348   2005年

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：2005 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids ICDL 2005  

    We have tested a dual phase Xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) consisting of a reflective Cesium Iodide photocathode and an array of seven PMTs for scintillation light readout Present results show that 19% Quantum Efficiency (QE) of CsI photocathode can be achieved at 3 kV/cm. The dependence of quantum efficiency as a function of different electric field was measured and compared with the recent results obtained with a small chamber operated in parallel plate geometry. © 2005 IEEE.

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  102. Scintillation response of liquid Xe surrounded by PTFE reflector for gamma rays 国際共著 国際誌

    Yamashita M., Doke T., Kawasaki K., Kikuchi J., Suzuki S.

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment   535 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 692 - 698   2004年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment  

    The scintillation response of liquid xenon for gamma rays ranging from 30 to 4000 keV has been measured. The experiment was performed with a double phase Xe detector of 0.31 fiducial volume with PTFE reflector. The light collection efficiency for the detector was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. The energy resolution and scintillation efficiency were compared with other results. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/j.nima.2004.06.168

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  103. Proportional light in a dual-phase XENON chamber 国際共著 国際誌

    Aprile, E; Giboni, KL; Majewski, P; Ni, KX; Yamashita, M

    IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE   51 巻 ( 5 ) 頁： 1986 - 1990   2004年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science  

    A dual-phase xenon chamber was tested to measure the yield of electrons extracted from the liquid to the gas and their subsequent amplification via proportional light. The light yield was studied as a function of electric field and gas pressure. A UV-sensitive compact metal channel photomultiplier tube, placed in the gas above the liquid xenon, was used for these measurements. An electron lifetime of at least 1.5 ms was inferred from a measurement of the ionization signal, triggered by the primary scintillation light, with the same chamber operated in single phase.

    DOI： 10.1109/TNS.2004.832690

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  104. Double phase (liquid/gas) xenon scintillation detector for WIMPs direct search 国際共著 国際誌

    M Yamashita, T Doke, J Kikuchi, S Suzuki

    ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS   20 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 79 - 84   2003年10月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

    A double phase (liquid/gas) xenon prototype detector of a 0.3 1 active volume for WIMPs direct search has been constructed and tested. Proportional scintillation signals are observed by a multi-wire anode mounted in gas phase after ionization electrons drifted successfully long distance in liquid xenon. Both direct and proportional scintillation were used to discriminate electron recoil from nuclear recoil. Basic performances of the detector and the rejection efficiency of background gamma rays were demonstrated. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/S0927-6505(03)00174-9

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  105. Capacitive level meter for liquid rare gases 国際共著 国際誌

    R Sawada, J Kikuchi, E Shibamura, M Yamashita, T Yoshimura

    CRYOGENICS   43 巻 ( 8 ) 頁： 449 - 450   2003年8月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

    An international project to search mu --&gt; egamma decay includes the use of a liquid xenon gamma ray detector. So, a liquid level meter working at a low temperature with low outgassing is needed and the prototype is constructed. The meter shows the liquid level by measuring the capacitance between electrodes with small intervals immersed in the liquid. The operation was successful with the estimated precision of 1 mm in RMS or better. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

    DOI： 10.1016/S0011-2275(03)00100-0

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  106. Development of a liquid xenon scintillation detector for a new experiment to search for μ → eγ decays 国際共著 国際誌

    T. Doke, T. Haruyama, T. Ishida, A. Maki, T. Mashimo, S. Mihara, T. Mitsuhashi, T. Mori, H. Nishiguchi, W. Ootani, S. Orito, K. Ozone, R. Sawada, S. Suzuki, K. Terasawa, M. Yamashita, J. Yashima, T. Yoshimura

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment   505 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 199 - 202   2003年6月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    A novel gamma-ray detector based on a liquid xenon scintillator is under development for a new experiment to search for the lepton flavor violating process μ+→ e+γ at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The experiment is designed to have a sensitivity down to 10-14branching ratio. We constructed a prototype detector with an active volume of 69l to demonstrate the performance of the proposed detector for high-energy gamma rays of around 50 MeV. After a test of the cryogenic system for the prototype detector, we have begun studies with the prototype using a gamma-beam up to 40 MeV from the laser Compton backscattering facility at the TERAS electron storage ring of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01051-9

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  107. R&amp;D work on a liquid-xenon photon detector for the μ → eγ experiment at PSI 国際共著 国際誌

    T. Doke, T. Haruyama, K. Kasami, A. Maki, T. Mashimo, S. Mihara, T. Miyazawa, T. Mori, H. Nishiguchi, W. Ootani, S. Orito, K. Ozone, R. Sawada, S. Suzuki, S. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, K. Terasawa, M. Yamashita, J. Yashima, J. Yashima

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment   503 巻 ( 1-2 ) 頁： 290 - 294   2003年5月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    The development of a liquid-xenon photon detector is in progress for an experiment searching for μ+→ e+γ at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). The detector utilizes liquid xenon as a scintillation material. The scintillation light is observed by photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) immersed in a liquid. An energy resolution of 0.76% is reasonably expected for 52.8 MeVγ rays from results obtained with a first prototype, where the active volume of 2.3 l is viewed by 32 PMTs. Another prototype has been constructed with an active volume of 80 l and 228 PMTs. The performance of the detector will be tested using laser-induced compton backscattered γ rays up to 40 MeV. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

    DOI： 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00700-9

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  108. Development of a liquid Xe photon detector for μ → eγ decay search experiment at PSI 国際共著 国際誌

    Satoshi Mihara, Tadayoshi Doke, Yoshio Kamiya, Tetsuro Mashimo, Toshinori Mori, Hajime Nishiguchi, Wataru Ootani, Shuji Orito, Kenji Ozone, Ryu Sawada, Satoshi Suzuki, Go Tejima, Kazuhiro Terasawa, Kouichi Yahagi, Masaki Yamashita, Jun Yashima

    IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science   49 巻 ( 2 ) 頁： 588 - 591   2002年4月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    We are developing a new type of photon detector for an experiment to search for muons decaying into a positron and gamma ray. Our sensitivity on the branching ratio is expected to reach 10-14by use of the world&#039;s most intensive continuous muon beam at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI). In this experiment, the photon detector will utilize liquid Xenon (Xe) as a scintillation material because of its fast response, large light yield, and high density. The scintillation light emitted in liquid Xe will be directly observed by photomultipliers (PMTs) located in the liquid without the use of a transmission window. In order to study the detector response to gamma rays, we have constructed a prototype with an active volume of 2.3 × 103surrounded by 32 PMTs. The PMT is a new development enabling operation at temperatures as low as liquid Xe (165 K). Energy, position, and timing resolutions have been evaluated using gamma-ray sources ranging from 320 keV to 1835 keV. The performance of the prototype is presented in this article.

    DOI： 10.1109/TNS.2002.1003679

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  109. Scintillating fiber camera for neutron dosimetry in spacecraft 国際共著 国際誌

    K Terasawa, T Doke, N Hasebe, J Kikuchi, K Kudo, T Murakami, N Takeda, T Tamura, S Torii, M Yamashita, E Yoshihira

    NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT   457 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 499 - 508   2001年1月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    DOI： 10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00795-6

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  110. Development of a liquid Xe photon detector for μ→eγ decay search experiment at PSI 国際共著 国際誌

    S. Mihara, T. Doke, Y. Kamiya, T. Mashimo, T. Mori, H. Nishiguchi, W. Ootani, S. Orito, K. Ozone, R. Sawada, S. Suzuki, G. Tejima, K. Terasawa, K. Yahagi, M. Yamashita, J. Yashima

    IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference   1 巻   2000年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    We are developing a new type of photon detector for an experiment searching for muon decays to positron and gamma with the sensitivity of 10-14branching ratio by using the world most intensive continuous muon beam provided at PSI. In this experiment the photon detector utilizes liquid xenon as scintillation material because of its fast response, large light output yield, and high density. Scintillation light emitted in liquid Xe is directly observed by photomultipliers (PMTs) located in liquid without any transmission window in order not to lose light yield. To study the detector response to gamma rays we constructed a prototype with an active volume of 2300 cm3surrounded by 32 PMTs. The PMT was newly developed so as to be operated even in liquid Xe at 165K. Energy, position, and timing resolutions have been evaluated with gamma-ray sources from 320keV to 1835keV. Performance of the prototype is presented in this article.

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  111. Liquid-gas double phase xenon proportional scintillation detector for direct WIMPs search 国際共著 国際誌

    S. Suzuki, T. Doke, K. Kawasaki, J. Kikuchi, M. Yamashita

    IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference   1 巻   2000年12月

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    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

    A liquid-gas double phase xenon detector for WIMPs with a 0.3/ active volume has been constructed and tested. Proportional scintillation signals are observed after ionization electrons drifted 8cm to a multiwire anode mounted in gas phase. Basic properties of the detector and electrons lifetime were measured. The efficiency of background rejection for grays is tested and discussed.

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  112. Response of liquid Xe scintillator for gamma ray 国際共著 国際誌

    M. Yamashita, T. Doke, K. Kawasaki, J. Kikuchi, S. Suzuki

    IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference   1 巻   2000年12月

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

    Responses of liquid xenon scintillator for γ rays whose energy range was from 59.5keV to 4.43MeV were measured. The experiment was made by a position- independent detector with 300 cc fiducial volume with PTFE Teflon reflector. The light collection efficiency for the detector was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. The energy resolution and scintillation efficiency for several γ ray sources are presented, compared with another results. We also mention about the application of liquid xenon scintillator detector to physics experiment which is under preparation.

    Scopus

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論文の先頭へ▲

書籍等出版物 1

  1. 日経サイエンス　ダークセクターは存在するか？　2025/07

    （ 担当： 監修）

    日経サイエンス社  2025年7月 

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語 著書種別：一般書・啓蒙書

書籍等出版物の先頭へ▲

MISC 10

  1. DARWIN/XLZDによる次世代暗黒物質直接探索実験

    山下雅樹, MARTENS Kai, 身内賢太朗, 伊藤好孝, 伊藤好孝, 風間慎吾, 小林雅俊, 坂元舜, 長谷川智哉, 平岡楓, 宮田瑠太  

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)78 巻 ( 2 )   2023年

    　詳細を見る

  2. 暗黒物質直接探索XENONnT実験による最新結果と展望

    山下雅樹  

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)77 巻 ( 2 )   2022年

    　詳細を見る

  3. 将来暗黒物質探索実験DARWINのための密閉型液体キセノンTPCの開発

    原田莉奈, 青山直樹, 山崎里奈, 山下雅樹, 伊藤好孝, 伊藤好孝, 風間慎吾, 風間慎吾  

    日本物理学会講演概要集(CD-ROM)76 巻 ( 1 )   2021年

    　詳細を見る

  4. 暗黒物質直接探索実験XENON1Tによる電子反跳事象の超過の観測とその展望

    風間 慎吾, 山下 雅樹  

    高エネルギーニュース39 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 142 - 150   2020年

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：大穂町 (茨城県) : 高エネルギー同好会ニュース編集部  

    その他リンク： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I033276821

  5. Japan in the XENONnT Experiment: Overview

    山下 雅樹, 伊藤 好孝, 上野 龍一, 奥井 樹, 尾崎 公祐, 風間 慎吾, 加藤 伸行, 竹田 敦, 陳 育勤, 平出 克樹, 身内 賢太朗, 水越 彗太, 森山 茂栄, 山崎 里奈, 他 XENON Collaboration  

    日本物理学会講演概要集74.2 巻   頁： 271 - 271   2019年

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本物理学会  

    DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.74.2.0_271

    CiNii Research

  6. Improved search for two-neutrino double electron capture on Xe-124 and Xe-126 using particle identification in XMASS-I

    Abe K, Hiraide K, Ichimura K, Kishimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi M, Moriyama S, Nakahata M, Norita T, Ogawa H, Sato K, Sekiya H, Takachio O, Takeda A, Tasaka S, Yamashita M, Yang B. S, Kim N. Y, Kim Y. D, Itow Y, Kanzawa K, Kegasa R, Masuda K, Takiya H, Fushimi K, Kanzaki G, Martens K, Suzuki Y, Xu B. D, Fujita R, Hosokawa K, Miuchi K, Oka N, Takeuchi Y, Kim Y. H, Lee K. B, Lee M. K, Fukuda Y, Miyasaka M, Nishijima K, Nakamura S  

    PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS2018 巻 ( 5 )   2018年5月

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：英語   掲載種別：速報，短報，研究ノート等（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics  

    We conducted an improved search for the simultaneous capture of two K-shell electrons on the <sup>124</sup>Xe and <sup>126</sup>Xe nuclei with emission of two neutrinos using 800.0 days of data from the XMASS-I detector. A novel method to discriminate γ -ray/X-ray or double electron capture signals from β-ray background using scintillation time profiles was developed for this search. No significant signal was found when fitting the observed energy spectra with the expected signal and background. Therefore, we set the most stringent lower limits on the half-lives at 2.1 × 10<sup>22</sup> and 1.9 × 10<sup>22</sup> years for <sup>124</sup>Xe and <sup>126</sup>Xe, respectively, with 90% confidence level. These limits improve upon previously reported values by a factor of 4.5.

    DOI： 10.1093/ptep/pty053

    Scopus

  7. 宇宙暗黒物質を探す (特集 物理科学,この1年) -- (素粒子物理)

    山下 雅樹  

    パリティ30 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 29 - 31   2015年1月

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：丸善  

    CiNii Research

  8. 液体キセノンで暗黒物質を捕まえる—Liquid xenon detector joins the search for dark matter

    Bertram Schwarzschild, 山下 雅樹  

    パリティ = Parity : 物理科学雑誌23 巻 ( 3 ) 頁： 33 - 37   2008年3月

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：丸善  

    記事種別: 翻訳

    CiNii Research

  9. 28aZE-3 液体XeシンチレーターのPTFEの反射材

    川崎 健司, 山下 雅樹, 鈴木 聡, 菊池 順, 道家 忠義  

    日本物理学会講演概要集56 巻 ( 1 ) 頁： 112 - 112   2001年3月

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本物理学会  

    CiNii Research

  10. 29pSA-15 XMASS実験 II : 液体Xeを用いた暗黒物質探索

    山下 雅樹, 鈴木 聡, 川崎 健司, 菊池 順, 道家 忠義, 鈴木 洋一郎, 中畑 雅行, 伊藤 好孝, 塩澤 真人, 森山 茂栄, 竹内 康雄, 三浦 真, 小汐 由介, 福田 善之, 福田 修平, 梶田 隆章, 金行 健治, 岡田 淳, 石塚 正基, 塚本 俊夫, 大隈 秀晃, 飯森 康雄, 宮野 和政, 西島 恭司, 橋本 孝明, 田坂 茂樹  

    日本物理学会講演概要集56.1.1 巻   頁： 77   2001年

    　詳細を見る

    記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本物理学会  

    DOI： 10.11316/jpsgaiyo.56.1.1.0_77_3

    CiNii Research

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MISCの先頭へ▲

科研費 14

  1. 中性子パルス発生装置で較正するXENONnTによるダークマター探索の遂行

    研究課題/研究課題番号：25H00628  2025年4月 - 2030年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    森山 茂栄, 山下 雅樹, 竹田 敦, 吉田 将, 山下 雅樹, 竹田 敦, 吉田 将

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究分担者 

    ダークマターの発見とその正体の解明は重要である。その有力候補であるWeakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP)を発見するには、WIMPが与える信号や背景事象を模擬し検出器を較正することが重要だ。較正のために用いる中性子パルス発生装置に加え、本研究で新しく開発する中性子の反射材を兼ねた重水素化プラスチックシンチレーターを活用する。それを基に現在の制限より約10倍の感度の改善を行い、世界初の発見とその背後の物理の解明へ向けた研究を遂行する。なお、プラスチックシンチレーターを重水素化することは検出器の較正に最適なエネルギーを持つ中性子を得るために必須である。

  2. XENONnT実験での暗黒物質探索と次世代大型液体キセノン実験への展開

    研究課題/研究課題番号：24H00223  2024年4月 - 2028年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    伊藤 好孝, 山下 雅樹, 森山 茂栄, 小林 雅俊, 山下 雅樹, 風間 慎吾, 森山 茂栄, 小林 雅俊

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究分担者 

    宇宙の質量の大部分を担う暗黒物質は未知の素粒子と考えられる。本研究は、8.5トン液体キセノンを用いた2相式タイムプロジェクションチェンバー (TPC)検出器によるXENONnT実験において、検出器中ラドンや電極からの二次電子放出など、検出器の大型化に起因する背景事象の理解と低減を進め、史上最高感度での暗黒物質・新物理の探索を行う。また、これらの知見を、次世代の超大型50トン液体キセノン検出器を用いた暗黒物質探索DARWIN実験の設計へフィードバックする。これに向けて開発中の密閉型TPC検出器にマイクロストリップ型石英板電極の導入を行い、3kg半密閉型液相1相式TPCを製作する。

  3. 大型液体キセノン検出器を用いた宇宙暗黒物質及び新現象の研究

    研究課題/研究課題番号：22H00127  2022年4月 - 2026年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    山下 雅樹, 小川 洋, 柿内 秀樹, 風間 慎吾, 小林 雅俊, BUI TUANKHAI, 柿内 秀樹, 風間 慎吾, 小林 雅俊, 小川 洋, BUI TUANKHAI

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究代表者 

    配分額：42250000円 （ 直接経費：32500000円 、 間接経費：9750000円 ）

    暗黒物質は宇宙の約80%の物質を占めていると考えられているが,それが何であるか分かっていない。暗黒物質が発見されれば宇宙の解明に大きく前進をもたらす。XENON実験,またその後継機DARWIN実験はその暗黒物質を地下実験室にて直接探索を目的としており最も良い感度で実験を行い発見が期待される。本研究では,観測データのノイズを同定し,新規光センサーの開発を行い,検出器の高感度化を目指す。
    XENON実験およびその後継機DARWIN実験はWIMP暗黒物質直接探索を目的とする。暗黒物質と原子核の弾性散乱弾面積において最も良い感度で探索を行い、その発見が期待される。本研究では観測データの放射線ノイズを同定し,新規光センサーの開発を行い,検出器の高感度化を目指す。また、XENON-LZ-DARWIN(XLZD)コンソーシアムが形成され、より大きな国際協力体制が立ち上がった。
    暗黒物資探索では10keV以下のキセノン原子核反跳信号を捉えるため,低エネルギー背景事象の理解 ・低減は重要となる。また、それは太陽アクシオンやAxion Like Particle探索でも重要となる。本研究ではキセノンガスに不純物として存在するトリチウムと検出器部材に由来する背景事象に焦点をあてる。 2020年6月に報告されたXENON1T超過事象は本研究を通して液体キセノン中に微量に含まれたトリチウム（~10^{-24} mol/mol）によって説明できることが分かった。XENONnTでは水素アウトガスの対策を行ったことで低エネルギーの事象超過は消え、他の検出器に比べ最も低いバックグラウンドを達成している。さらに、暗黒物質探索を行った。97.1日の観測データを解析し、その初期成果を論文にまとめた。WIMP質量100GeV/c^2では6.08×10^{-47}cm^2となりXENON1Tに比べすでに1.7倍良い結果が得られた。
    光センサー開発では、低ダークカウントSiPMや、PMTとSiPMをハイブリッドに用いた光センサーの開発と低温での試験を進めている。今年度はハイブリッド光センサーの実現において鍵となる高速蛍光体の発光効率の測定を行い、期待される性能があることを確かめた。現在この結果をもとに試作機の開発を行なっている。
    (1)環境由来のトリチウムの測定のまとめ
    柿内分担者らの開発したモルキュラーシーブス分離技術を用いて神岡坑内、イタリア・グランサッソで大気中における水、水素のサンプル採取が終了した。これらのすべのサンフプルのトリチウム量定量測定をまとめた。イタリア・グランサッソでの測定結果を示す。地上ではHTO:4.45+-0.17[TU], HT:1.0+-0.022)x10^5[TU] , 地下実験室ではHTO:3.3+-0.15[TU], HT:1.1+-0.015)x10^5[TU] (TUはTritium Unit 10^{-18})であった。イタリアにおいては初めての大気中HTの測定となる。
    (2) XENONnTによる暗黒物質初期成果
    XENONnT実験では真空引きやガスの循環により水素アウトガス対策を行った他、ラドンを軽減するオンライン蒸留塔をガスキセノンの純化に用いることにより（ガスモード）低エネルギー領域においてXENON1Tよりも1/5ほどのバックグラウンドを削減に成功し、LZやPandaX-IVなど他の実験に比べて最も低いバックグラウンド達成することが出来た。昨年度、論文で発表した新物理探索に加え、今年度はキセノン原子核反跳を用いたWIMP暗黒物質探索を行い論文にて発表を行った。有感領域4.2トンの液体キセノンをターゲットとし、2021年7月から11月までの間のうち97.1日の観測データを取得し、これは1.1 tonne・yearに相当する。8GeV/c^2のWIMP質量を仮定するとスピンに依存しないWIMP-核子の散乱弾面積の90%CL上限値として22.58×10^{-47}cm^2 が得られた。WIMP質量100GeV/c^2では6.08×10^{-47}cm^2となりXENON1Tに比べすでに1.7倍良い結果が得られた。
    (1) XENONnTによるWIMP探索の継続
    Science Run0(SR0)と呼ばれる初期段階ではラドン除去蒸留塔がキセノンガス循環システムでのみ導入されていたが、SR1以降では液体キセノン循環ラインにもフローパスが導入さた。これにより200SLPM相当（液にして~0.5L）のキセノンをラドン除去蒸留塔を通すことができ、さらに1/2程度ラドンバックグラウンドが減らせることができた(1μBq/kg)。この状態でさらにデータを取得し探索を行う。通常のWIMP探索だけでなく、エネルギー閾値を下げた低質量暗黒物質に特化した解析も進めていく。
    (2) 液体キセノン中の水素の同定
    本研究のトリチウム比放射能から求めたXENON1Tでの液体キセノン中の水素量は数pptレベルとなり、従来のガスクロマトグラフィーを用いた測定では感度が3桁以上足りない。そこで、新規不純物測定を小林を中心として進めている。水素透過膜と残留ガス質量分析計を組み合わせ、高感度化を目指す。
    (3) DAWINに向けた光検出器の開発
    SiPM、ハイブリッドセンサーの低温測定や部材の放射能測定を進める。ダークカレントの測定では宇宙線の影響を防ぐために神岡坑内にて行う。

  4. XENON実験での電子反跳による新物理探索と密閉型TPC検出器による新展開

    研究課題/研究課題番号：21H04466  2021年4月 - 2025年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業  基盤研究(A)

    伊藤 好孝, 山下 雅樹, 風間 慎吾, 森山 茂栄, 小林 雅俊, 山下 雅樹, 風間 慎吾, 森山 茂栄, 小林 雅俊

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究分担者 

    本年度はXENONnT実験の初期成果２件を公表し、暗黒物質探索について大きな進展があった。
    前身のXENON1T実験が2020年に報告した低エネルギー電子反跳事象の超過について、 XENONnT実験での初期データSR0による検証を行った。内部ラドン由来の電子反跳バックグランドをXENON1T実験の1/5に削減することに成功し、約１トン年の観測データを用いた結果、XENON1T実験が示唆した電子反跳事象の超過を否定する結果を得、アクシオンなど新物理に対する強い制限を得た。この結果は本年度7月にXENONnTからの初めての物理成果としてプレスリリースされた。さらにSR0データでの、原子核反跳による重い暗黒物質探索を行ったが、有意な証拠は見られなかった。背景事象削減の効果により、XENON1T実験と同程度の統計量ながら感度を1.7倍改善し、暗黒物質と核子とのスピン非依存型散乱断面積の90%上限値として2.58x10**-47cm**2を得た。この結果について本年度３月プレスリリースを行なった。
    密閉型TPCの開発としては、石英フランジ容器を使わず、テフロン円筒と光電子増倍管ガラスの熱膨張率の違いを利用し、低温で密閉する方式をドイツ・フライブルグ大が開発しており、共同で密閉型TPCの開発を進める事になった。この共同研究を軸とした暗黒物質国際創生ユニットが名大学内の最先端国際研究ユニットとして採択され、９月より活動を開始した。
    一方、石英導電薄膜コーティング電極開発に向けて、プラチナ、ステンレス、フッ化マグネシウムの素材について、真空紫外光に対する量子効率測定を、真空、気体・ガスキセノンの３雰囲気中で、強電場を印加しながら行なった。その結果、フッ化マグネシウムが最も低い量子効率を持ち、キセノンシンチ光自身が原因の背景光電子放出を抑える部材として有力である事がわかった。

  5. 宇宙暗黒物質検出器高感度化のための極低放射能技術の開発

    研究課題/研究課題番号：20H01931  2020年4月 - 2023年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)  基盤研究(B)

    風間 慎吾, 山下 雅樹, 伊藤 好孝, 山下 雅樹, 伊藤 好孝

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究分担者 

    本年度は、PMTとSiPM両方の特徴を併せ持つハイブリッド光検出器の高感度化と石英ガラスを用いた密閉型液体キセノン検出器の開発を行った。
    ハイブリッド光検出器に関しては、これまでに浜松ホトニクス社と共同で世界初のプロトタイプ検出器の開発を行い、室温での性能評価を行った。その結果、期待通りダークカウントを低減できていることが判明した。また検出効率の測定を行なったところ、1.5 kV程度の高電圧では数%とごく僅かであることが判明した。これは低エネルギー電子がSiPMのアバランシェ領域に辿り着けていないためである。本研究では、これを改善するため低エネルギー電子を薄いプラスチックシンチレータに照射し、これにより生成された光子をSiPMで検出するというアイデアを提案した。現在、その試作機の開発を行っている。
    密閉型液体キセノン検出器の開発に関しては、SPE SCREEN Quartz社の協力のもと、石英でできた真空容器の開発を行い、そのラドンシール特性の評価を窒素ガスを用いて行った。窒素ガスと1Lラドン検出器を用いた測定から、ラドンの侵入量を1/100に低減できることが判明し、現在キセノンガスを用いたシステムに応用し、ラドン排除性能の評価を行っている。

  6. 高感度大型装置で推進する暗黒物質直接探索

    研究課題/研究課題番号：19H05805  2019年6月 - 2024年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)  新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    森山 茂栄, 山下 雅樹, 安部 航, 風間 慎吾, 中村 正吾, MARTENS Kai, MARTENS Kai, 安部 航, 風間 慎吾, 中村 正吾, 山下 雅樹

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究分担者 

    本計画研究では、国際共同実験XENONnTにおいて、暗黒物質と核子の散乱断面積2×10-48cm2を達成し、大発見を目指す。そのために実験における究極のノイズとなる中性子の存在を同定するため、本領域内の連携を活かし検出器で信号が得られた時に中性子が存在したかどうかを記録し排除することが必須である。具体的にはスーパーカミオカンデグループが開発した中性子検出の技術を応用する。本領域の低バックグラウンド技術と連携を活かし、放射性不純物が少なく純度の極めて高い硫酸ガドリニウムを調達し、XENONnTの中性子検出器に導入し、運転を行う。本年度は以下の重要な進捗があった。
    <BR>
    (1)予備の硫酸ガドリニウム150kgを入手し試運転の準備を行った。（2）中性子検出器を純水にて運転を開始し、調整と性能評価を行った。(3)XENONnT検出器のTPCの運転と液体キセノンの純化を開始したところ、TPCにおける電子寿命が7ミリ秒にも達し、世界最高の純度を達成できた。(4)水中の光の透過率を測定するための装置を現地に導入し、試運転を行った。(5)硫酸ガドリニウムを溶解した水の純化装置の調達を開始し、スローコントロールの設計と調達を行った。 (6)不純物を除去するフィルタ材を調達した。その他(7)硫酸ガドリニウムを溶解させる際に必要な粉体移送装置を調達した。特筆すべき成果として、(8) XENON1Tのデータ解析によって、電子反跳を起こす未知の現象が有意に観測され、大きな反響を得た。他にも様々な物理現象に関する論文を出版した。
    その他、(9)XMASSのデータ解析、特にニュートリノの標準理論を超えた相互作用の探索に関する論文、(10)石英容器を基にした将来の低バックグラウンド検出器開発の論文、(11)新型光センサーMPPCの低ノイズ化の論文の出版に成功し、(12)液体キセノンからの近赤外光の検出準備を行った。

  7. 暗黒物質探索検出器を用いた二重ベータ崩壊探索の研究

    研究課題/研究課題番号：19H01920  2019年4月 - 2022年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)  基盤研究(B)

    山下 雅樹

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    担当区分：研究代表者 

    配分額：13260000円 （ 直接経費：10200000円 、 間接経費：3060000円 ）

    ニュートリノを伴わない二重ベータ崩壊(0ν2β)探索実験はニュートリノ質量の情報を得られることが期待され、素粒子・原子核物理だけなく宇宙物理の観点からも注目を浴びている。 一方、地下実験における暗黒物質直接探索の技術進展は近年目覚ましいものがあり、検出器の大型化, 主に放射線に関連した低バックグラウンド化を着実に実現してきた。 暗黒物質探索と0ν2β探索の大きな違いは探索を行うエネルギー領域にある。暗黒物質直接痰濁では10keVまたは、それ以下であるが、136Xeのニュートリノを伴わない二重ベータ崩壊のQ値は2458 keVとなりエネルギー領域が2から3桁異なる。しかしながら、本研究では、低バックグラウンド、高エネルギー分解能の特性を生かし、大型暗黒物質探索検出器(XENONnT)を用いて 暗黒物質だけでなく、0ν2βの探索を行う。
    XENONnT 検出器は当初の予定では、イタリアGran Sasso地下実験施設にて2019年に建設終了、2020年より試運転の予定であったが、現在COVID-19の影響のため、実験開始が現在で遅れが出ている。しかし、今年度は最終段階である検出器周りの水チェレンコフ中性子カウンターの設置が終了し、検出器も液体キセノンで満たすことができた。
    その後、各サブシステムのコミッショニングが行われ、期待通りの性能が得られた。特に、シンチレーション光、電離電子を読み出す二相型キセノンTime Projection Chamberでは十分な信号を得るためにキセノンの純化が重要となるが、申請者の担当するキセノンの液相による純化システムが期待以上の性能が得られ、電離電子の電子寿命にして7 ms以上が得られ電離電子の最大ドリフト長の2倍以上の結果が得られた。

  8. 世界最高感度でのダークマターの直接探索と感度向上

    研究課題/研究課題番号：18H03697  2018年4月 - 2021年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)  基盤研究(A)

    森山 茂栄, 伊藤 好孝, 山下 雅樹, 伊藤 好孝, 山下 雅樹

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    担当区分：研究分担者 

    宇宙の大きな謎の一つである暗黒物質の直接検出を目指し、イタリアで遂行されている国際研究グループXENON実験に参加し、世界最高感度で探索実行が期待されているXENONnT検出器を建設、運転し、最終目標となる暗黒物質と核子の断面積1.6x10-48cm2を探索できる感度を本研究により実現できた。より具体的には、コロンビア大学等と共同研究し１０トンの液体キセノンを液体のまま純化し、検出器の性能を最大限に発揮できるよう電子寿命13ミリ秒を達成し、ラドン濃度も1.7microBq/kgを実現した。また、XENON１T実験で兆候が見られた電子事象超過現象の調査を期待通りに遂行することができた。

  9. フォトニック結晶技術を用いた，暗黒物質アクシオン探索のための共振空洞の開発・研究

    2017年4月 - 2020年3月

    科学研究費補助金  基盤研究(B)

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    本研究では，フォトニック結晶技術を用い，基本モード（TM010）で共振する大型の共振空胴を研究・開発する．フォトニック構造とは周期的に金属または高誘電体を配置した構造であり，これよって共振周波数が決まり，空胴のサイズには寄らない．この原理によって，アクシオン探索等で必要な大型空胴を開発することが，本研究の目的である，
    H30年度は，まず，前年度デザインしたテスト空胴を作成し，その周波数分布と電場のプロファイルを測定した．テスト空胴はアルミ製で直径20センチ長さ10センチの円筒空胴に，直径４ミリのアルミ棒を20ミリ間隔の正方格子に配置したもので，共振周波数は5.7GHzである．
    このテスト空胴の周波数特性はベクトルネットワークアナライザで測定した．また，電場プロファイルは，直径４ミリの無酸素銅球を，空胴内に導入し，その周波数変化の様子から電場を測定した．（電場は，周波数変化量Δf/f （f は共振周波数）の平方根に比例する．）
    この結果，作成したテスト空胴の共振周波数，電場プロファイル共に，有限要素法によるシミュレーションとは全く異なる振舞を示した．本研究では，有限要素法による電磁場のシミュレーションを用いており，これは完全に確立した手法と考えられ，テスト空胴に何か問題があると考えられる．例えば，アルミ表面の酸化被膜によって電気的接触が不十分である等である．これら問題点の洗い出しのため，アルミテスト空胴の改造を行うと共に，無酸素銅製の小型空胴2基（厚さ１センチで，10センチ程度）を作成した．これら空胴の周波数特性と電場プロファイルを測定した結果，シミュレーションを良い一致を示した．このことは，フォトニック空胴の原理的実証を意味し，大きな進捗と言えるが，その一方で，これより少し大型のアルミ空胴において，なぜシミュレーション結果と大きく食い違うのかが未解決の問題として残った．

  10. 極低閾値電離信号を用いた質量の小さい宇宙暗黒物質探索検出器開発研究

    研究課題/研究課題番号：17H05197  2017年4月 - 2019年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)  新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

    山下 雅樹

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    担当区分：研究代表者 

    配分額：6240000円 （ 直接経費：4800000円 、 間接経費：1440000円 ）

    宇宙暗黒物質の正体は、宇宙論と素粒子論から両立するWIMPミラクル説が有望であるが、XENON1T, LUXなどによる大型暗黒物質直接検出器やLHCでは、依然として暗黒物質の兆候は見えていない 。したがって、今後暗黒物質探索は、もっと視野を広げ、大きな網を用意し探索して行くべきである。TeVスケールに加え、Asymmetric dark matter、暗黒光子などに動機づけされる数GeVより小さい領域も探索も望まれる。本研究では新しい2相型キセノンTPC を提案し、極低エネルギーのバックグラウンドを抑え、感度を上げるための研究開発を目的とする 。このために、次の課題を解決する小型TPC を製作し、実証を行った。過去の実験により、本絵研究の目指す電離電子数個以下のエネルギー領域の主なバックグラウンドは(1) TPC 内材料からの VUV 光による光電子発生 (2) ガス領域での事象、と考えられている。(1)の原因は、PTFE や金属(電極),不純物に液体キセノンシンチレーション光(VUV)が光電効果を起こす。これを解決するために有感領域内をVUV 光を通す石英光学窓で囲んだ。バックグラウンドは液体キセノン中の不純物依存することが確認できたが、PTFEと石英でのバックグラウンドの違いは、大きな差異が見られず、より詳細なTPCの壁際の事象の理解が必要なことが考えられる。(2)を解決するために本申請書で初めて提案するGlass based Mesh electrode (GMesh)を製作した。これは石英窓に格子状メッシュを取り付け電極としたものである。このとこで、ガス相での事象を防ぐことができた。これらの課題をクリアするために低バックグラウンド地下実験にも可能性を秘めたMPPCと PMT を用いた小型 TPC を製作し、動作確認することに成功した。

  11. 宇宙暗黒物質検出器高感度のためのラドンバックグランド低減の研究

    研究課題/研究課題番号：16H03973  2016年4月 - 2019年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(B)  基盤研究(B)

    山下 雅樹, 田阪 茂樹, 竹田 敦, 平出 克樹, 市村 晃一, 竹内 康雄, 小林 雅俊, 田阪 茂樹, 竹田 敦, 平出 克樹, 市村 晃一, 竹内 康雄, 小林 雅俊

    　 詳細を見る

    担当区分：研究代表者 

    配分額：17160000円 （ 直接経費：13200000円 、 間接経費：3960000円 ）

    本研究は、XMASSなどの液体キセノンを用いた宇宙暗黒物質直接探索実験の内部に主な放射性バックグランド（BG）として存在するラドン放射能減らし、感度を上げることが目的である。それを達成するためにキセノン中ラドン吸着の開発研究を行った。吸着剤として様々な多孔質物質を用いて試験をし、A社ナノ素材や高純度シリカにおいてキセノンガス中のRnを約90%の除去率を低温（-100℃）にて達成することができた。また、この除去装置をXMASS-I実機に用いた観測では最も低いBGを達成したが、予想よりも効果が低く、このため検出器内ラドン発生源を特定できる可能性が分かり、将来に向けての指標となった。

  12. ダークマターの探索

    研究課題/研究課題番号：24244025  2012年4月 - 2015年3月

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(A)  基盤研究(A)

    鈴木 洋一郎, 森山 茂栄, 中畑 雅行, 岸本 康宏, 山下 雅樹, マルテンス カイ, 竹田 敦, 安部 航, 関谷 洋之, 小川 洋, 小林 兼好, 平出 克樹, リュー ジン, ヤン ビョンス, 中村 正吾, 西嶋 恭司, 伊藤 好孝, 増田 公明, 竹内 康雄, 身内 賢太朗, 福田 善之, 田坂 茂樹, 森山 茂栄, 中畑 雅行, 岸本 康宏, 山下 雅樹, マルテンス カイ, 竹田 敦, 安部 航, 関谷 洋之, 小川 洋, 小林 兼好, 平出 克樹, リュー ジン, ヤン ビョンス, 中村 正吾, 西嶋 恭司, 伊藤 好孝, 増田 公明, 竹内 康雄, 身内 賢太朗, 福田 善之, 田坂 茂樹

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    担当区分：連携研究者 

    宇宙には、通常の物質である原子分子の他に、ダークマターと呼ばれる未知の物質が５～６倍存在している。未発見のダークマターの候補は多様で、検出器物質を蹴りだすもの、ガンマ線を発するものなどがある。本実験装置が、これら多様なダークマター候補に感度があるという特徴をを活かし、これまで、存否が確定していないかった低質量のダークマター探索、新しい種類のダークマターの探索などを、これまでにない高い感度でおこなった。本測定器がもつ感度の範囲では、発見にはいたらなかったが、多様なダークマターモデルへの有用な制限を与えた。この方法で、大きな測定器により、さらに感度の良い探索が可能であることを示した。

  13. 核種依存性を用いた暗黒物質直接探索検出器の開発

    研究課題/研究課題番号：20549001  2008年 - 2010年

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 基盤研究(C)  基盤研究(C)

    山下 雅樹

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    担当区分：研究代表者 

    配分額：3950000円 （ 直接経費：3500000円 、 間接経費：450000円 ）

    大きな課題の一つである暗黒物質は様々な観測から存在は揺るぎないものなりつつある一方でいまだその正体は謎である。世界中で暗黒物質を直接探索する実験が行われており、暗黒物質に由来する季節変動を観測したと報告があるものの他の実験ではそれを否定する結果がでている。この季節変動は夏と冬で僅か数%違いであるが、本研究課題ではより強い証拠が得られるように観測頻度が2倍以上異なる検出器媒体原子核を変えることのできる将来に向けての技術の研究を行い、その可能性を示すことができた。

  14. 宇宙暗黒物質の研究

    研究課題/研究課題番号：19GS0204  2007年 - 2011年

    日本学術振興会  科学研究費助成事業 学術創成研究費  学術創成研究費

    鈴木 洋一郎, 森山 茂栄, 中畑 雅行, 小汐 由介, 中村 正吾, 竹内 康雄, 岸本 康宏, 竹田 敦, 安部 航, 関谷 洋之, 山下 雅樹, 小川 洋, 小林 兼好, 平出 克樹, 森山 茂栄, 中畑 雅行, 小汐 由介, 中村 正吾, 竹内 康雄, 岸本 康宏, 竹田 敦, 安部 航, 関谷 洋之, 山下 雅樹, 小川 洋, 小林 兼好, 平出 克樹

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    担当区分：連携研究者 

    宇宙の暗黒物質が実験室の標的に衝突する事象を高感度で検出するための世界最大の液体キセノン検出器(800kg)の建設に成功した。検出器の性能を確認するための微小較正源による較正データは検出器が大きい発光量を持つこと、すなわち、暗黒物質への高い感度を証明した。また、最大のバックグラウンド源であるKrの低減は成功し、世界最高の2. 7ppt以下を実現した。観測されたバックグラウンド源もほぼ同定し、暗黒物質探索の準備ができた。

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