記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Annals of Thoracic Surgery  

Background: In this study we evaluated the R(un) category proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with NSCLC who underwent segmentectomy or lobectomy between 2014 and 2015 at our institution. Residual tumor (R) status was reclassified from the Union for International Cancer Control designation to the IASLC-proposed R classification of R0 and R(un). The underlying reasons for the R(un) reclassification were analyzed according to pathologic stage, lymph node status, and resected lobe. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the impacts of R(un) categorization on overall survival. Results: Of 355 patients, 44.5% were reclassified as R(un). The most common reason for the reclassification was insufficient number of harvested lymph nodes or no station 7 lymph nodes. When stratified by tumor location, the absence of station 7 lymph nodes was especially prominent in both the right and left upper lung resections. In the multivariate Cox regression model, the IASLC R classification was associated with poor overall survival in node-positive patients (hazard ratio, 2.657; P = .016). Conclusions: Various factors resulted in reclassification to R(un) because the R(un) group was highly heterogeneous. Careful consideration is required to determine whether the R(un) classification can be used as an indicator of lymph node dissection quality. For advanced cases, the R(un) definition may be useful in predicting poor prognosis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.07.087

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：JTCVS Techniques  

Objective: Prolonged air leak is the most common complication of thoracic surgery. Intraoperative leak site detection is the first step in decreasing the risk of leak-related postoperative complications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the surgical videos of patients who underwent lung resection at our institution. In the training phase, deep learning-based air leak detection software was developed using leak-positive endoscopic images. In the testing phase, a different data set was used to evaluate our proposed application for each predicted box. Results: A total of 110 originally captured and labeled images obtained from 70 surgeries were preprocessed for the training data set. The testing data set contained 64 leak-positive and 45 leak-negative sites. The testing data set was obtained from 93 operations, including 58 patients in whom an air leak was present and 35 patients in whom an air leak was absent. In the testing phase, our software detected leak sites with a sensitivity and specificity of 81.3% and 68.9%, respectively. Conclusions: We have successfully developed a deep learning-based leak site detection application, which can be used in deflated lungs. Although the current version is still a prototype with a limited training data set, it is a novel concept of leak detection based entirely on visual information.

DOI： 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.06.011

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1111/ases.13127

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery  

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of postoperative complications is relatively high in smokers. Although 4-week smoking cessation before surgery is generally recommended, it has not been sufficiently studied in lung cancer surgery. This study investigated whether smoking cessation for a short period of time significantly reduced complications after lung cancer surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study that investigated the relationship between the smoking cessation period and the incidence of complications in lung cancer surgery. Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for lung cancer at our institution between January 2014 and December 2017 were included. The smokers were classified into the following 4 categories of smoking cessation period before surgery: current (<4 weeks), recent (4 weeks to 12 months), distant (12 months to 5 years) and ex-smokers (>5 years). RESULTS: A total of 911 patients were included in this study. The incidence of pulmonary complications was 5 times higher in the smoker group than in the never smoker group (12.9% vs 2.5%, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis in both models, the odds ratio for complications was significantly higher in distant smokers than in recent smokers and never smokers. Across all models, low lung function significantly predicted the development of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence-based smoking cessation duration that reduces the incidence of complications after thoracic surgery remains unclear. The incidence of postoperative complications was more strongly affected by low pulmonary function than by the duration of preoperative smoking cessation. For patients with marginal indications for surgery, postponing surgery to accommodate a smoking cessation period seemed unnecessary.

DOI： 10.1093/ejcts/ezac163

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1186/s40792-022-01492-9

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Thoracic Disease  

Background: Sarcopenia and its marker, the psoas muscle index (PMI), have attracted attention as prognostic factors for various types of cancers. The fragile X-related 1 (FXR1) gene is highly expressed in myocytes, and FXR1 overexpression is a candidate biomarker for poor survival in several types of cancers. Thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSQCC) is rare, and no studies assessing its prognostic factors, particularly in terms of skeletal muscle mass and FXR1 expression, are available. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the prognostic significance of PMI in 34 patients who underwent TSQCC resection, considering the status of FXR1 and tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). PMI was calculated from the bilateral psoas muscle using preoperative computed tomography (CT). Patients were divided into two groups: low PMI (<58.2%, n=17) and normal PMI (≥58.2%, n=17). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the FXR1 and PD-L1 expression levels. Results: Low PMI was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (5-year survival rate; 86% vs. 100%; P=0.026) and marginally associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) (5-year survival rate; 39% vs. 66%; P=0.090) compared with normal PMI. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the FXR1 intensity score (0–1+: 6% vs. 0%; 2+–3+: 94% vs. 100%; P=0.31), median FXR1 distribution (95% vs. 90%; P=0.63), and PD-L1 status (high: 47% vs. 59%; P=0.49) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PMI might be considered as a potential prognostic factor in TSQCC and that FXR1 is widely expressed regardless of the PMI status. Skeletal muscle mass may play a role in the prognosis of TSQCC.

DOI： 10.21037/jtd-22-385

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Annals of surgical oncology  

DOI： 10.1245/s10434-021-10969-0

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Annals of Surgical Oncology  

Background: Thymoma patients with pleural dissemination are difficult to manage, and their treatment strategy remains undefined. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of these patients, focusing on the association between the depth of pleural invasion and prognosis. Methods: Between 2003 and 2019, the study identified 120 disseminated lesions in 20 thymoma patients. Seven patients had de novo stage IVa thymoma and 13 were recurrent cases. Extrapleural pneumonectomy was performed for 8 patients and debulking surgery for 12 patients. Invasion depth of pleural tumors was classified into two groups: when the disseminated tumors invaded the pleura beneath the elastic layer, the tumor was diagnosed as Da, and when the disseminated tumors invaded the pleura beyond the elastic layer, the tumor was diagnosed as Db. Results: Of 120 nodules, 31 (26%), found in eight patients with recurrent malignancies, were classified as Db. The pathologic status of the surgical margin (PSM) was positive in eight patients, seven of whom had Db nodules. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 100% in the Da group and 75% in the Db group (P = 0.02). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 66.7% in the Da group and 25% in the Db group (P = 0.02). Cox univariate analysis showed that PFS was significantly influenced by the depth of invasion (P = 0.04) and PSM (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Depth of pleural invasion may influence survival outcomes for thymoma patients with pleural dissemination. The patients in this study with Da-disseminated nodules had an increased probability of a longer OS and PFS and tended to achieve negative PSM compared with the patients with Db.

DOI： 10.1245/s10434-021-10888-0

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記述言語：日本語  

DOI： 10.1186/s40792-021-01323-3

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：BMC Cancer  

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of metabolic parameters on fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) for predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with cN2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent surgery for cN2 NSCLC between 2007 and 2020. Those who had clinically diagnosed positive hilar and mediastinal LNs by routine CT and PET/CT imaging were investigated. To measure the metabolic parameters of LNs, the data according to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and LN-to-primary tumor ratio of SUVmax (LPR) were examined. The diagnosis of each retrieved LN was confirmed based on histopathological examination of surgical tissue specimens. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves with area under the curve (AUC) calculations and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were performed. Results: Forty-five patients with 84 clinically diagnosed positive hilar or mediastinal LNs were enrolled in the present study. Of the 84 LNs, 63 LNs were pathologically proven as positive (75%). The SUVmax, MTV, TLG, and LPR of LN metastasis were significantly higher than those of benign nodes. In the ROC analysis, the AUC value of LPR [AUC, 0.776; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.640–0.913] was higher than that of LN SUVmax (AUC, 0.753; 95% CI, 0.626–0.880) or LN TLG3.5 (AUC, 0.746; 95% CI, 0.607–0.885). Using the optimal LPR cutoff value of 0.47, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 84.1, 66.7, 88.3, 58.3, and 79.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression showed that LPR was an independent predictor for LN metastasis (odds ratio, 6.45; 95% CI, 1.785–23.301; P = 0.004). In the subgroup analysis of adenocarcinoma patients (n = 18; 32 LNs), TLG3.5 was a better predictor (AUC, 0.816; 95% CI, 0.639–0.985) than LPR (AUC, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.599–0.986) or LN SUVmax (AUC, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.625–0.959). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LPR on FDG-PET is a useful predictor for LN metastasis in patients with cN2 NSCLC. TLG can be a good predictor for LN metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma.

DOI： 10.1186/s12885-021-08688-6

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory respiratory complications on long-term survival in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer. We defined inflammatory respiratory complications to include the following six conditions: pneumonia, empyema, bronchial fistula, respiratory dysfunction, acute interstitial pneumonia, and atelectasis. Methods: Part of the National Clinical Database was linked to our prospective database from 2014 to 2017. Linkage was achieved for 866 patients. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the overall, relapse-free, and cancer-related survival. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the impact of each complication. Results: Of the 736 patients included in the study, 149 had complications. The 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival rates were significantly lower in patients with inflammatory respiratory complications. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that the inflammatory respiratory complications had a significant impact on overall survival (hazard ratio 2.48, 95% confidence interval 1.41–4.38) but not air leak (hazard ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 0.70–2.70). Conclusions: Our study shows the differential impact of each complication on the survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The presence of inflammatory respiratory complications was the only predictor of poor overall survival.

DOI： 10.1007/s11748-021-01619-z

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1093/icvts/ivab033

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Nagoya Journal of Medical Science  

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become widespread in the last 20 years, followed by robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS). Few studies compared the learning curve between RATS lobectomy and conventional VATS. This study included 79 RATS lobectomy cases performed in our hospital from November 2015 to October 2019. To estimate the required number for learning, the cumulative sum method, which is to plot a value obtained by sequentially accumulating a difference from a mean value was applied. As a result, the median total operative time and the median console time for all cases were 167 minutes and 138 minutes, respectively. Firstly, for our team, 28 cases were estimated to be required for learning curve for RATS lobectomy. For individual, each surgeon might be learned in only 5 to 6 cases. By contrast, the number of cases for learning VATS lobectomy which was underwent by a ‘single' surgeon from 2009 was estimated to be 35 cases. The time to dock from start operation (median 14 minutes) reached plateau in 18 cases, but the time after rollout was median of 18 minutes and there was no significant change from the beginning. In conclusion, RATS lobectomy might be a technique that could be learned in a small number of cases compared to VATS. The results of this study might be helpful for certified surgeons who tried to get started with RATS and for establishing a learning program.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.83.2.227

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DOI： 10.1186/s40792-021-01148-0

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  

Objective: According to the tumor-node-metastasis classification for thymic malignancies, the proportion of patients diagnosed with stage I is expected to increase significantly. However, whether those patients have homogenous clinicopathological features and survival has not been fully evaluated. Methods: We reviewed 153 consecutive patients with stage I thymic epithelial tumors (133 thymomas, 15 thymic carcinomas, and 5 neuroendocrine tumors) who underwent complete resection at our institution between 2001 and 2016 and evaluated the prognostic significance of their clinicopathological factors. Results: The stage I patients accounted for 78% of all thymic epithelial tumors. The 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates of the 153 patients were 94% and 80%, respectively. The patients with the histology of thymic carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor and with a tumor larger than 5.0 cm showed significantly worse recurrence-free survival in multivariate analysis (p = 0.027 and 0.038, respectively). Only the tumor size was revealed as a significant prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival when limited in the 133 cases of thymoma (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Patients with large tumors showed significantly worse recurrence-free survival than those with small tumors both in stage I thymic epithelial tumors and thymomas.

DOI： 10.1007/s11748-020-01427-x

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本移植学会  

<p>【背景】脳死ドナー臓器摘出では、外科医だけでなく臨床工学技士（ME）・看護師・コーディネーター等多職種が関わる医療で、実際の手技を知っていればよりよい連携が可能かもしれない。献体されたご遺体の固定方法は進化しており、特殊な保存液で固定された状態は生体と類似しているため、手術トレーニングに用いることが可能となった。肺移植実施施設でない当院での実施施設へのとり組みの一貫として、心臓外科医・ME・医学生と合同で臓器摘出トレーニングを実行したので報告する。</p><p>【トレーニング概要】開胸・心嚢切開し臓器評価方法を全員で確認した後、心灌流液注入用と肺灌流液ドレナージ用のカテーテルを各留置し、大血管を遮断し心臓摘出、続いて肺摘出を行った。続いてバックテーブルにて肺の植え込みができる状態にまで処理を行いトレーニング終了とした。心肺摘出に際して重要となる左房の処理については、操作を止め指導医にポイントを解説してもらいつつ、心臓外科・呼吸器外科の双方の考えを伝え、解剖を確認しながら行った。また、MEと肺灌流液ドレナージ経路の方法や肺灌流のタイミングなど細やかな部分まで共有できた。</p><p>【結語】本トレーニングは多職種での手技と順序の確認に有用で、臓器摘出の際互いに心がけているポイントや考えも共有・理解できた。今後はプログラムを定型化し、実践に対応できるレベルに質を高めつつ、看護師やコーディネーターも含めて行う予定である。</p>

DOI： 10.11386/jst.56.supplement_s105

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Blood Advances  

Recent genetic studies using high-throughput sequencing have disclosed genetic alterations in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, their effects on clinical outcomes have not been fully investigated. To address this, we comprehensively examined genetic alterations and their prognostic impact in a large series of pediatric B-ALL cases. We performed targeted capture sequencing in a total of 1003 pediatric patients with B-ALL from 2 Japanese cohorts. Transcriptome sequencing (n 5 116) and/or array-based gene expression analysis (n 5 120) were also performed in 203 (84%) of 243 patients who were not categorized into any disease subgroup by panel sequencing or routine reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis for major fusions in B-ALL. Our panel sequencing identified novel recurrent mutations in 2 genes (CCND3 and CIC), and both had positive correlations with ETV6-RUNX1 and hypodiploid ALL, respectively. In addition, positive correlations were also newly reported between TCF3-PBX1 ALL with PHF6 mutations. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models for overall survival, TP53 mutation/deletion, hypodiploid, and MEF2D fusions were selected in both cohorts. For TP53 mutations, the negative effect on overall survival was confirmed in an independent external cohort (n 5 466). TP53 mutation was frequently found in IGH-DUX4 (5 of 57 [9%]) ALL, with 4 cases having 17p LOH and negatively affecting overall survival therein, whereas TP53 mutation was not associated with poor outcomes among NCI (National Cancer Institute) standard risk (SR) patients. A conventional treatment approach might be enough, and further treatment intensification might not be necessary, for patients with TP53 mutations if they are categorized into NCI SR.

DOI： 10.1182/BLOODADVANCES.2019001307

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Nagoya Journal of Medical Science  

Thoracic surgery has evolved drastically in recent years. Although thoracic surgeons mainly deal with tumorous lesion in the lungs, mediastinum, and pleura, they also perform lung transplantation surgery in patients with end-stage lung disease. Herein, we introduce various major current topics in thoracic surgery. Minimally invasive surgical procedures include robot-assisted thoracic surgery and uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. Novel techniques for sublobar resection include virtual-assisted lung mapping, imageguided video-assisted thoracic surgery, and segmentectomy using indocyanine green. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) simulation consists of surgeon-friendly 3D-CT image analysis systems and new-generation, dynamic 3D-CT imaging systems. Updates in cadaveric lung transplantation include use of marginal donors, including donation after circulatory death, and ex vivo lung perfusion for such donors. Topics in living donor lobar lung transplantation include size matching, donor issues, and new surgical techniques. During routine clinical practice, thoracic surgeons encounter various pivotal topics related to thoracic surgery, which are described in this report.

DOI： 10.18999/nagjms.82.2.161

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記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.13782

PubMed

記述言語：英語  

DOI： 10.1111/1759-7714.13104

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  

Objective: Clinical evidence comparing paravertebral (PVB) and continuous intercostal nerve (ICB) blocks for pain management post video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is limited. This study confirms the analgesic effect of ICB using two catheters is not inferior to that of PVB under direct vision. Methods: Fifty patients who underwent VATS lobectomy from July 2015 to March 2016 were prospectively recruited and randomly assigned to PVB and ICB groups. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). VAS score at rest at 24 h was the primary endpoint. Data on time required for catheter insertion, adverse effects, and frequency of additional analgesics as secondary endpoints were also collected. Noninferiority was assessed by adding a VAS margin of 15 mm to the PVB group. Results: No significant differences were observed between the VAS scores of the two groups except at 48 h after surgery, with a margin noted for the PVB group. No significant differences were detected in the frequency of additional analgesics and occurrence of adverse effects. Conclusions: Our results could not clearly establish noninferiority of ICB to PVB. Improvements in ICB may be necessary for it to be used as an alternative method to PVB.

DOI： 10.1007/s11748-018-0936-8

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会  

<p>症例は60歳男性．繰り返す喀血を主訴に前医を受診した．重症肺炎の既往があり，左肺機能の低下を指摘されていた．胸部CTで左肺全体の囊胞状変化と容積低下，気管支拡張を認めた．複数の気管支動脈が高度に拡張し大動脈弓下と左肺門部を蛇行していた．標的血管が多く著明な拡張を伴っていたため気管支動脈塞栓術は不可能と判断し手術を施行した．手術は肺動静脈の処理を先行し，異常血管の集簇切離を行うことで時間を短縮し出血を最小限にとどめた．左肺全摘術後，広背筋弁にて気管支断端を被覆した．出血量は1,040 mLであった．術後経過は良好で以降は喀血を認めていない．気管支動脈蔓状血管腫の手術では異常血管の脆弱性と易出血性のため出血コントロールに苦慮する事がある．我々は，手術時の異常血管切離の手順と方法に工夫を加えることで高度に拡張した続発性気管支動脈蔓状血管腫の手術を比較的少ない出血量で手術を終えることができた．</p>

DOI： 10.2995/jacsurg.32.458

CiNii Research

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会  

<p>目的：呼吸器外科手術において上大静脈や腕頭静脈の合併切除と血行再建を行った症例について，手術方法，周術期管理および再建血管の開存性について検討した．</p><p>方法：2005年から2014年までに上大静脈および腕頭静脈の切除と再建を施行した15例を対象とした．患者背景，再建術式，使用した人工血管の種類，抗凝固療法および再建血管の閉塞の有無および閉塞時の症状等を調査した．</p><p>結果：対象疾患は胸腺上皮性腫瘍11例，胚細胞性腫瘍2例，肺癌・悪性リンパ腫各1例で，切除した血管は上大静脈13例，右腕頭静脈12例，左腕頭静脈14例であった．全例で，血行再建には径10 mm以上の人工血管が使用され，周術期に抗凝固療法が行われていた．再建血管の閉塞が確認されたのは6例で，左右腕頭静脈再建例では人工血管閉塞時の症状出現が少なかった．</p><p>結論：大血管の切除を伴う手術は現在においても困難な術式であるが，今回検討した症例では周術期死亡や術後急性期の人工血管閉塞は認められなかった．また，人工血管閉塞に伴う症状が出現しない場合には血管閉塞時にも経過観察が可能であると考えられた．</p>

DOI： 10.2995/jacsurg.31.446

CiNii Research