担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Structural Concrete  

Biaxially prestressed large concrete structures of the confinement building in nuclear power plants (NPPs) should meet the safety requirement for the extension of the service time. Long-term delayed strains of concrete are one of the key factors determining the safety factor in these structures. This article presents 30-year long in situ measurement results of strain evolution of confinement buildings in four different NPPs. The delayed strains are predicted at a material level using the next-generation Eurocode-2, and the influence of temperature as proposed by the fib model code 2010, making use of delayed strain characteristics of the corresponding concrete from a previous study. We found that the default law given in Eurocode underestimates the delayed strain. However, with the possibility of adjusting the shrinkage and creep laws, the prediction results fit with a good accuracy for the in situ measurement.

DOI： 10.1002/suco.202300665

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology  

Capturing atmospheric CO2 into cement-based materials is a way to set off the CO2 emissions of concrete production. This study proposes an experimental method to track the origin of cement paste that fixes CO2 directly from the air under natural conditions. By exposing powders of well-hydrated cement paste to air, carbonated cement paste powders are obtained with different carbonation degrees. The inorganic carbon of these carbonated samples is extracted by dissolution in phosphoric acid, and the isotopic characteristics related to 13C and 14C are measured. The experimental results show that the 14C value of carbonated cement paste can be used as an indicator for tracing the origin of carbon.

DOI： 10.3151/jact.21.934

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Transport in Porous Media  

In concrete structures intended for long-term use, the diffusion properties change over time with possible chemical reactions that may happen in the concrete. In this study, we performed a two-week cesium chloride diffusion test on five cored samples from different walls in a nuclear power plant. The reaction between feldspar group aggregates and cement paste was confirmed previously. We measured the diffusion profiles of cesium and chloride ions with an electron probe microanalyzer. Cesium was adsorbed into some aggregates resulting in local minimum and maximum concentrations in the diffusion profiles. Using Fick’s law, we computed the apparent diffusion coefficient, which reflects the samples’ diffusion and adsorption/bound properties. The diffusion was slow in samples with lower calcium-to-alumina plus silica ratio of amorphous C-A-S-H. However, diffusion was facilitated in the samples containing the crystal form of C-A-S-H, Al-tobermorite. Such ease of diffusion could be attributed to the difference in morphology of C-A-S-H. We found that cesium adsorption is promoted with the decrease in the Ca/Si ratio and with the presence of alkali in the amorphous C-A-S-H.

DOI： 10.1007/s11242-023-01998-2

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その他リンク： https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11242-023-01998-2/fulltext.html

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 セメント協会  

<p>本研究では低熱ポルトランドセメント硬化体における乾燥収縮性状を検討するため、普通ポルトランドセメントおよび低熱ポルトランドセメントを用いて質量変化および長さ変化を測定した。質量変化─長さ変化関係は二直線近似ができ、屈曲点は概ね50％RHに相当した。この勾配変化から、低湿度域では可逆的なひずみ、高湿度域では可逆的なものに加えて非回復性のひずみが生じたと推測された。Lの不可逆的なひずみはNより大きく、これは単位体積あたりのC-S-H量が多いことや窒素吸着量、水酸化カルシウム量の差からゲル空隙が少なく、C-S-Hが作る構造体に層間空隙が多く、より均質な状態であると推察でき、容易に乾燥後の層間が架橋しやすいためと考えられた。</p>

DOI： 10.14250/cement.76.153

CiNii Research

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Japan Concrete Institute  

<p>The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of cement paste is an essential parameter for estimating cracks of cement-based structures, including under normal operating conditions. The CTE of low-heat Portland cement pastes dried for a long term at various relative humidities were measured by applying trapezoidal temperature history. The measured CTE was a convex function when displayed versus relative humidity and was highest at the relative humidity of 58%. At the relative humidity of 11%, the CTE was similar to the one of the fully dried sample. Based on a drying shrinkage model in the literature that classifies pore water as free liquid water and adsorbed water, we computed pore pressure change and corresponding strain, from which the CTEs were estimated. The microstructural rearrangements of cement paste due to long-term drying were taken into account by obtaining pore size distributions from water vapor sorption isotherm. The CTEs predicted with the model agree well with the measured ones.</p>

DOI： 10.3151/jact.21.151

CiNii Research

担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Cement and Concrete Research  

Creep and shrinkage of concrete are essential for the safety assessment of large civil engineering structures. The present paper presents two different approaches to predicting the delayed strain considering a single material point to represent the structure. The first one is a decoupled approach, such as design codes, that splits the delayed strain into four components and predicts each of them as a function of several parameters such as concrete strength. In the second approach, delayed strain is modeled as the viscoelastic response of concrete to applied external loads and/or internal hygric stresses. The advantages and inconveniences of both methods are discussed. In the end, delayed strains of concrete are predicted using these approaches for two examples of real structures: a prestressed concrete bridge and a mock-up of a biaxially prestressed containment building.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.107086

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DOI： 10.1007/978-3-031-32519-9_23

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cement.2022.100047

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Ceramic Society  

In modern Portland cement, calcium aluminum silicate hydrates (C-A-S-H) do not generally form crystalline Al-tobermorite. In this study, to identify the mechanism of Al-tobermorite formation, synchrotron micro X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy-based energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigations were performed on a slice of a thick concrete wall in a nuclear power plant, where the presence of Al-tobermorite was previously confirmed. Rietveld analysis of the diffraction diagrams obtained from the 2D diffraction patterns showed that Al-tobermorite was formed almost everywhere in the cement paste near sandstone aggregate and that Al-tobermorite platelets were distributed across most of the cement paste area in a random orientation. The basal spacing d-value of Al-tobermorite was identical and equal to 11.39 Å. The ratio plots from the EDS maps indicated that the chemical composition of the mixture of Al-tobermorite and C-A-S-H was almost homogeneous all around the cement paste. The Al-tobermorite in this concrete is probably formed via a dissolution–precipitation process. From the random orientation even next to the surface of aggregate, we infer that the Al-tobermorite formation does not need the surface of aggregate to precipitate.

DOI： 10.1111/jace.18624

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Cement and Concrete Research  

This study aims to enhance moisture transport modeling by elucidating the so-called anomalous water diffusion in cementitious materials. Water desorption isotherms are measured from samples at various drying stages using techniques with different durations to quantify the impact of the drying duration on the water sorption ability. A single water sorption isotherm does not solely give a relationship between the water content and relative humidity but also represents the state of microstructure. The continuous evolution of a desorption isotherm due to drying-induced microstructural rearrangement is demonstrated. For numerical modeling, the microstructural alteration can be explicitly considered through a dynamic desorption isotherm model, which governs the local thermodynamic equilibrium at the capillary meniscus. This approach is implemented into a multiphase transport code, whose ability to predict drying is validated using literature data. Finally, the effect of prolonged drying on the colloidal nature of the calcium-silicate-hydrate gel is discussed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106612

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology  

For better understanding of irreversible shrinkage, nine hardened cement paste (hcp) samples with three different cement types and three different water to cement ratio were prepared. Four different relative humidity conditioning histories containing the first desorption, re-humidification and the second desorption are investigated for all the specimens to obtain the length change and water sorption isotherms. The irreversible shrinkage strain was developed when the specimen was dried up to less than 80% relative humidity (RH), while other previous experiments in literatures showed that the shrinkage strain between 40% RH and 11% RH is reversible. It is concluded that the irreversible shrinkage strain is developed between 80% RH and 40% RH, which is also supported by the change in water vapor BET surface area of hardened cement paste after long-term drying.

DOI： 10.3151/jact.19.585

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Materials and Design  

The distribution of compressive strength in thick concrete members exposed to various environments in a nuclear power plant undergoing decommissioning is investigated. X-ray diffraction data, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and chemical analysis data reveal that rock-forming minerals in the aggregate had reacted and portlandite had been consumed to form calcium alumino silicate hydrates (C-A-S-H) when evaporable water content was sufficient. In addition, the study confirms Al-tobermorite formation in modern concrete after 16.5 years of elevated temperature conditions ranging from 40 to 55 °C. It is concluded that an appropriate aggregate and binder combination for the concrete enhances the compressive strength of thick concrete members thanks to the reaction of rock-forming minerals with portlandite, and also strengthens the chemical stability through the formation of Al-tobermorite under elevated temperature conditions and sufficient evaporable water content.

DOI： 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109297

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials  

Mechanical properties and durability of cement-based materials are largely affected by pore structures. This paper provides an overview of several experimental techniques to characterize pore size distribution and specific surface area, with focus on pores in calcium silicate hydrates. The reviewed experimental techniques are nitrogen and water vapor sorption isotherm, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and small-angle scattering (SAS). Different pretreatment methods are compared for sorption measurements. Pore size distribution and specific surface area are analyzed using data from different methods to understand difference and consistency of these methods. It is found that pore size distribution calculated from sorption isotherm is very sensitive to adsorption model. Though specific surface areas from different techniques are quite different from each other, they are all able to detect the microstructural alteration due to long-term drying.

DOI： 10.1186/s40069-020-00431-y

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3151/jact.18.396

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106036

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105970

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the fib Symposium 2020: Concrete Structures for Resilient Society  

The prediction of the delayed deformations of prestressed concrete structures like nuclear power plants (NPPs) is important in order to assess and/or extend the service life of such structures. It is also a safety concern because, in these structures, the prestressing is there to avoid tensile stresses and cracking in case of a severe accident (where an internal pressure is generated). In this paper, the relations proposed in MC2010 and in the future Eurocode 2 for the delayed strains (creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of steel) are used to predict the behaviour of a NPP built 25 years ago. As proposed in the future Eurocode 2, the parameters of the relations giving the evolution of shrinkage and creep are fitted to measurements made on laboratory samples when the NPP was built. The influence of the temperature and of the relative humidity inside the containment are also taken into account. Finally, using the superposition principle in a biaxial context, the predicted delayed strains are compared with the measurements.

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出版者・発行元：fib Symposium  

The prediction of the delayed deformations of prestressed concrete structures like nuclear power plants (NPPs) is important in order to assess and/or extend the service life of such structures. It is also a safety concern because, in these structures, the prestressing is there to avoid tensile stresses and cracking in case of a severe accident (where an internal pressure is generated). In this paper, the relations proposed in MC2010 and in the future Eurocode 2 for the delayed strains (creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of steel) are used to predict the behaviour of a NPP built 25 years ago. As proposed in the future Eurocode 2, the parameters of the relations giving the evolution of shrinkage and creep are fitted to measurements made on laboratory samples when the NPP was built. The influence of the temperature and of the relative humidity inside the containment are also taken into account. Finally, using the superposition principle in a biaxial context, the predicted delayed strains are compared with the measurements.

Scopus

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）   出版者・発行元：Proceedings of the fib Symposium 2020: Concrete Structures for Resilient Society  

The prediction of the delayed deformations of prestressed concrete structures like nuclear power plants (NPPs) is important in order to assess and/or extend the service life of such structures. It is also a safety concern because, in these structures, the prestressing is there to avoid tensile stresses and cracking in case of a severe accident (where an internal pressure is generated). In this paper, the relations proposed in MC2010 and in the future Eurocode 2 for the delayed strains (creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of steel) are used to predict the behaviour of a NPP built 25 years ago. As proposed in the future Eurocode 2, the parameters of the relations giving the evolution of shrinkage and creep are fitted to measurements made on laboratory samples when the NPP was built. The influence of the temperature and of the relative humidity inside the containment are also taken into account. Finally, using the superposition principle in a biaxial context, the predicted delayed strains are compared with the measurements.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.023

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.09.014

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}  

DOI： 10.1007/s11043-015-9277-5

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